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Cassiani AG, Aloia TPA, Sousa-Vidal ÉK, Podgaec S, Piccinato CDA, Serrano-Nascimento C. Prenatal exposure to nitrate alters uterine morphology and gene expression in adult female F1 generation rats. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2024; 68:e240085. [PMID: 39876961 PMCID: PMC11771761 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
Objective Nitrate is ubiquitously found in the environment and is one of the main components of nitrogen fertilizers. Previous studies have shown that nitrate disrupts the reproductive system in aquatic animals, but no study has evaluated the impact of nitrate exposure on the uterus in mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal exposure to nitrate during the prenatal period on uterine morphology and gene expression in adult female F1 rats. Materials and methods Pregnant Wistar rats were either treated with sodium nitrate 20 mg/L or 50 mg/L dissolved in drinking water from the first day of pregnancy until the birth of the offspring or were left untreated. On postnatal day 90, the uteri of female offspring rats were collected for histological and gene expression analyses. Morphometric analyses of the uterine photomicrographs were performed to determine the thickness of the layers of the uterine wall (endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium) and the number of endometrial glands. Results The highest nitrate dose increased the myometrial thickness of the exposed female rats. Treatment with both nitrate doses reduced the number of endometrial glands compared with no treatment. Additionally, nitrate treatment significantly increased the expression of estrogen receptors and reduced the expression of progesterone receptors in the uterus. Conclusion Our results strongly suggest that prenatal exposure to nitrate programs gene expression and alters the uterine morphology in female F1 rats, potentially increasing their susceptibility to developing uterine diseases during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Gilberto Cassiani
- Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloSPBrasilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Érica Kássia Sousa-Vidal
- Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloSPBrasilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Podgaec
- Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloSPBrasilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carla de Azevedo Piccinato
- Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloSPBrasilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoDepartamento de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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2
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Villa-Villaseñor IM, Herrera-Vargas MA, Yáñez-Rivera B, Uribe MC, Rueda-Jasso RA, Phillips-Farfán BV, Mar-Silva V, Meléndez-Herrera E, Domínguez-Domínguez O. Realistic nitrate concentrations diminish reproductive indicators in Skiffia lermae, an endemic species in critical endangered status. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17876. [PMID: 39267944 PMCID: PMC11391940 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Goodeinae is a subfamily of critically endangered fish native to central Mexico. Populations of Skiffia lermae, a species belonging to this subfamily, have significantly decreased in the past two decades. A previous study showed that S. lermae is sensitive to acute nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) exposure, leading to noticeable changes in both behavioral and histopathological bioindicators. The aim herein was to determine the vulnerability of S. lermae to NO3-N exposure at realistic concentrations registered in freshwater ecosystems in central Mexico where the species was historically reported. Offspring of S. lermae were chronically exposed during 60 days to concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg NO3-N/L, with 2 mg NO3-N/L used as the reference value (control). Survival rate, feeding behavior, aquatic surface respiration, body growth, scaled mass index, immature red blood cells, as well as histopathological changes in branchial, hepatic and gonadal tissues were evaluated. Additionally, this study analyzed water quality in freshwater ecosystems where S. lermae presently persists. The results showed decreased survival as NO3-N concentration increased, as well as increased feeding latency, aquatic surface respiration and histological damage in the gills and liver. These organs showed differential sex-dependent responses to NO3-N exposure; females were more sensitive than males. In the ovaries, a decreased density of stage III oocytes was associated with increased NO3-N concentrations. No changes were observed in body growth and number of immature red blood cells. Concentrations recorded in the three freshwater ecosystems that S. lermae inhabit were below 2 mg NO3-N/L. Together, the results could explain why the species has disappeared from more contaminated freshwater ecosystems where NO3-N levels exceed 5 mg/L. Moreover, the study warns about the risks of increasing NO3-N concentrations in the current sites where the species lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Marai Villa-Villaseñor
- Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ma Antonia Herrera-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Yáñez-Rivera
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mari Carmen Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Aneli Rueda-Jasso
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Bryan V Phillips-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Valentin Mar-Silva
- Estancia Posdoctoral por México-CONACyT, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Meléndez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Domínguez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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3
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Skalkos ZMG, Van Dyke JU, Whittington CM. Distinguishing Between Embryonic Provisioning Strategies in Teleost Fishes Using a Threshold Value for Parentotrophy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010166. [PMID: 36671551 PMCID: PMC9856118 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The source of embryonic nutrition for development varies across teleost fishes. A parentotrophy index (ratio of neonate: ovulated egg dry mass) is often used to determine provisioning strategy, but the methodologies used vary across studies. The variation in source and preservation of tissue, staging of embryos, and estimation approach impedes our ability to discern between methodological and biological differences in parentotrophy indices inter- and intra-specifically. The threshold value used to distinguish between lecithotrophy and parentotrophy (0.6-1) differs considerably across studies. The lack of a standardised approach in definition and application of parentotrophy indices has contributed to inconsistent classifications of provisioning strategy. Consistency in both methodology used to obtain a parentotrophy index, and in the classification of provisioning strategy using a threshold value are essential to reliably distinguish between provisioning strategies in teleosts. We discuss alternative methods for determining parentotrophy and suggest consistent standards for obtaining and interpreting parentotrophy indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe M. G. Skalkos
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building (A08), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James U. Van Dyke
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC 3690, Australia
| | - Camilla M. Whittington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building (A08), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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4
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Liu H, Tian Z, Guo Y, Liu X, Ma Y, Du X, Wang R, Zhang S, Shi L, Guo H, Zhang H. Microcystin-leucine arginine exposure contributes to apoptosis and follicular atresia in mice ovaries by endoplasmic reticulum stress-upregulated Ddit3. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144070. [PMID: 33288253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), an intracellular toxin to cause reproduction toxicity, is produced by blooming cyanobacteria and widely distributed in eutrophic waters. It is revealed that MC-LR-induced female reproductive toxicity is more severe than male reproductive toxicity. Previous studies mainly focused on male reproductive toxicity, and the molecular mechanisms of MC-LR-induced apoptosis, follicular atresia and infertility in female remain largely unclear. Here, it was found that MC-LR treatment could induce apoptosis, inflammation, follicular atresia, and decrease of gonadal index in mice ovaries. RNA-Seq data showed that the up-regulation of DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 (Ddit3) under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress had predominantly regulatory role in MC-LR-induced apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, MC-LR exposure promoted cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6, 50kd), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (Ire1) expression, phosphorylation of IRE1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (Map3k5) and Ddit3 expression, which was accompanied by the upregulation of death receptor 5 (Dr5) and active-caspase-3, and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression. ER stress inhibitor 4-Phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) ameliorated these MC-LR-induced changes in protein or mRNA level. More importantly, knockdown of Ddit3 suppressed MC-LR-induced cell apoptosis and follicular atresia by directly regulating Dr5 and Bcl-2. Additionally, it was also found that MC-LR increased Map3k5 phosphorylation by inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, and then promoted Ddit3 expression. In short, our data suggests that Ddit3 promotes MC-LR-induced mice ovarian cells apoptosis and follicular atresia via ER stress activation, which provides a new insight into the relation between infertility in females and the emerging water pollutant MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Ya Ma
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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5
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Roux N, Logeux V, Trouillard N, Pillot R, Magré K, Salis P, Lecchini D, Besseau L, Laudet V, Romans P. A star is born again: Methods for larval rearing of an emerging model organism, the False clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 336:376-385. [PMID: 33539680 PMCID: PMC8248105 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As interest increases in ecological, evolutionary, and developmental biology (Eco‐Evo‐Devo), wild species are increasingly used as experimental models. However, we are still lacking a suitable model for marine fish species, as well as coral reef fishes that can be reared at laboratory scales. Extensive knowledge of the life cycle of anemonefishes, and the peculiarities of their biology, make them relevant marine fish models for developmental biology, ecology, and evolutionary sciences. Here, we present standard methods to maintain breeding pairs of the anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris in captivity, obtain regular good quality spawning, and protocols to ensure larval survival throughout rearing. We provide a detailed description of the anemonefish husbandry system and life prey culturing protocols. Finally, a “low‐volume” rearing protocol useful for the pharmacological treatment of larvae is presented. Such methods are important as strict requirements for large volumes in rearing tanks often inhibit continuous treatments with expensive or rare compounds. This paper describes how to set up a rearing system for anemone fishes at the laboratory scale as this species is becoming a relevant marine fish model to tackle Eco‐Evo‐Devo questions. We detail two rearing methods, one consisting of classical rearing conditions and the other one consisting of low‐volume conditions (500 ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Valentin Logeux
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Nancy Trouillard
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Rémi Pillot
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Kévin Magré
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pauline Salis
- CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-USR 3278 CRIOBE BP 1013, PSL Research University, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - David Lecchini
- EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-USR 3278 CRIOBE BP 1013, PSL Research University, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Laurence Besseau
- CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.,Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Pascal Romans
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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6
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Doering JA, Villeneuve DL, Tilton CB, Kittelson AR, Blackwell BR, Kahl MD, Jensen KM, Poole ST, Cavallin JE, Cole AR, Dean KN, LaLone CA, Ankley GT. Assessing effects of aromatase inhibition on fishes with group-synchronous oocyte development using western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as a model. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105741. [PMID: 33450672 PMCID: PMC8255332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to certain anthropogenic chemicals can inhibit the activity to cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) in fishes leading to decreased plasma 17β-estradiol (E2), plasma vitellogenin (VTG), and egg production. Reproductive dysfunction resulting from exposure to aromatase inhibitors has been extensively investigated in several laboratory model species of fish. These model species have ovaries that undergo asynchronous oocyte development, but many fishes have ovaries with group-synchronous oocyte development. Fishes with group-synchronous oocyte development have dynamic reproductive cycles which typically occur annually and are often triggered by complex environmental cues. This has resulted in a lack of test data and uncertainty regarding sensitivities to and adverse effects of aromatase inhibition. The present study used the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as a laboratory model to investigate adverse effects of chemical aromatase inhibition on group-synchronous oocyte development. Adult female western mosquitofish were exposed to either 0, 2, or 30 μg/L of the model nonsteroidal aromatase inhibiting chemical, fadrozole, for a complete reproductive cycle. Fish were sampled at four time-points representing pre-vitellogenic resting, early vitellogenesis, late vitellogenesis/early ovarian recrudescence, and late ovarian recrudescence. Temporal changes in numerous reproductive parameters were measured, including gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma sex steroids, and expression of selected genes in the brain, liver, and gonad that are important for reproduction. In contrast to fish from the control treatment, fish exposed to 2 and 30 μg/L of fadrozole had persistent elevated expression of cyp19 in the ovary, depressed expression of vtg in the liver, and a low GSI. These responses suggest that completion of a group-synchronous reproductive cycle was unsuccessful during the assay in fish from either fadrozole treatment. These adverse effects data show that exposure to aromatase inhibitors has the potential to cause reproductive dysfunction in a wide range of fishes with both asynchronous and group-synchronous reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- National Research Council, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States.
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Charlene B Tilton
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Ashley R Kittelson
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Michael D Kahl
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Kathleen M Jensen
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Shane T Poole
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Alexander R Cole
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Kendra N Dean
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
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7
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Yu J, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Li X, Xu X, Zhao H, Wu L, Li J. Effects of chronic nitrate exposure on the intestinal morphology, immune status, barrier function, and microbiota of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111287. [PMID: 32931967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coming along with high water reuse in sustainable and intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs), the waste products of fish in rearing water is continuously accumulated. Nitrate, the final product of biological nitrification processes, which may cause aquatic toxicity to fish in different degrees when exposed for a long time. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of chronic nitrate exposure on intestinal morphology, immune status, barrier function, and microbiota of juvenile turbot. For that, groups of juvenile turbot were exposed to 0 (control check, CK), 50 (low nitrate, L), 200 (medium nitrate, M), and 400 (high nitrate, H) mg L-1 nitrate-N in small-sized recirculating aquaculture systems. After the 60-day experiment period, we found that exposure to a high concentration of nitrate-N caused obvious pathological damages to the intestine; for instance, atrophy of intestinal microvilli and necrosis in the lamina propria. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a significant downregulation of the barrier forming tight junction genes like occludin, claudin-like etc. under H treatment (P < 0.05). Intestinal MUC-2 expression also decreased significantly in the nitrate treatment groups compared to that in the control (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 heat-shock proteins, toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas that of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), lysozyme (LYS), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) significantly decreased with H treatment (P < 0.05). The results also revealed that intestinal microbial community was changed following nitrate exposure and could alter the α-diversity and β-diversity. Specifically, the proportion of intrinsic flora decreased, whereas that of the potential pathogens significantly increased with M and H treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic nitrate exposure could weaken the barrier function and disturb the composition of intestinal microbiota in marine teleosts, thereby harming their health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yongshuang Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lele Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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8
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Roux N, Salis P, Lee SH, Besseau L, Laudet V. Anemonefish, a model for Eco-Evo-Devo. EvoDevo 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 33042514 PMCID: PMC7539381 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-020-00166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemonefish, are a group of about 30 species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) that have long aroused the interest of coral reef fish ecologists. Combining a series of original biological traits and practical features in their breeding that are described in this paper, anemonefish are now emerging as an experimental system of interest for developmental biology, ecology and evolutionary sciences. They are small sized and relatively easy to breed in specific husbandries, unlike the large-sized marine fish used for aquaculture. Because they live in highly structured social groups in sea anemones, anemonefish allow addressing a series of relevant scientific questions such as the social control of growth and sex change, the mechanisms controlling symbiosis, the establishment and variation of complex color patterns, and the regulation of aging. Combined with the use of behavioral experiments, that can be performed in the lab or directly in the wild, as well as functional genetics and genomics, anemonefish provide an attractive experimental system for Eco-Evo-Devo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR « Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins », BIOM, 1, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pauline Salis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR « Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins », BIOM, 1, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Lab of Marine Eco-Evo-Devo, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laurence Besseau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR « Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins », BIOM, 1, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Lab of Marine Eco-Evo-Devo, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
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9
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Molina-Moctezuma A, Hernández-Rosas AL, Zúñiga-Vega JJ. Resource availability and its effects on mother to embryo nutrient transfer in two viviparous fish species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:181-193. [PMID: 31904197 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the adaptive value of matrotrophy, which is the postfertilization maternal provisioning to developing embryos. The Trexler-DeAngelis model proposes that matrotrophy provides fitness advantages when food abundance is high and availability is constant. If food availability is low or unpredictable, prefertilization maternal provisioning (lecithotrophy) should be favored over matrotrophy. In this study, we tested this model in two fish species from the family Poeciliidae, Poeciliopsis gracilis and P. infans, using field and laboratory data. In the field study, we explored the effects of population, season, and food abundance on the degree of matrotrophy. In P. infans, we found evidence that supports this model: In the population where food abundance decreased during the dry season, females reduced the amount of postfertilization provisioning and thus exhibited a more lecithotrophic strategy. In P. gracilis, we observed patterns that were partially consistent with this model: Food abundance decreased during the wet season in three populations of this species, but only in one of these populations, females exhibited less postfertilization nutrient transfer during this season. In the laboratory study, we tested the effects of constant, fluctuating, and low food availability on the relative amounts of pre- and postfertilization provisioning of P. infans. Our laboratory results also support the Trexler-DeAngelis model because both low and fluctuating food regimes promoted a more lecithotrophic strategy. Together, our findings indicate that the benefits of matrotrophy are more likely to occur when females have constant access to food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Molina-Moctezuma
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana L Hernández-Rosas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Zúñiga-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Su L, Nan B, Hassell KL, Craig NJ, Pettigrove V. Microplastics biomonitoring in Australian urban wetlands using a common noxious fish (Gambusia holbrooki). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:65-74. [PMID: 31022621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring microplastics in freshwater ecosystems has been insufficient in comparison with its practice in marine environments. It is an important first step to understand microplastic uptake in organisms when assessing risk in natural freshwater habitats. We conducted microplastic biomonitoring within the Greater Melbourne Area; where the microplastic baseline pollution in freshwater organisms was largely unknown. A common noxious fish species, Gambusia holbrooki, was targeted. Individuals (n = 180) from nine wetlands were analyzed. Uptake pathway, size, weight and gender were examined in relation to microplastic uptake in the body (presumed uptake via gut) and head (presumed uptake via gills). On average, 19.4% of fish had microplastics present in their bodies with an abundance of 0.6 items per individual (items/ind) and 7.2% of fish had microplastics in their heads with an abundance of 0.1 items/ind. Polyester was the dominant plastic type and fibers were the most common shape. The amount of microplastics in Gambusia holbrooki in current study is relatively low in a global comparison. The bodies of fish contained more microplastics on average than heads, and the size of microplastics detected in heads were smaller than those found in bodies. Microplastic uptake was directly proportional to size and weight. Furthermore, female individuals showed a tendency to ingest more microplastics than males. Laboratory experiments under controlled conditions are suggested to further explore such relationships. Our findings are important to understanding the potential ecological risks posed by microplastics to organisms in freshwater environments and provide suitable methodologies to conduct biomonitoring in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Bingxu Nan
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Hassell
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia; Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, 3078, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Craig
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Pettigrove
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia; Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, 3078, Australia
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11
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Bjerregaard P, Kinnberg KL, Mose MP, Holbech H. Investigation of the potential endocrine effect of nitrate in zebrafish Danio rerio and brown trout Salmo trutta. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 211:32-40. [PMID: 29777853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate has the potential to affect steroid production. Nitrate concentrations in streams in agricultural areas may exceed concentrations showing effects in laboratory studies. The effects of nitrate and/or nitrite on endocrine relevant endpoints were tested in zebrafish and brown trout. Zebrafish were exposed in two experiments to nitrate (8.8 to 89 mg NO3-/L) and nitrite (3.6 to 19 mg NO2-/L) during the period of sexual differentiation and sex ratios were determined. Vitellogenin concentrations were determined in the second experiment. The sex ratio was unaffected by the exposure to nitrate and nitrite. Vitellogenin concentrations were slightly elevated in males (but not females) in all of the groups exposed to nitrate. Juvenile brown trout were exposed to 5.7, 14, and 31 mg NO3-/L for 8 days and vitellogenin levels in liver were determined. Vitellogenin concentrations in the females were not affected by exposure, but in the males, there was an overall statistically significant effect of exposure to nitrate with the group exposed to 5.7 mg NO3-/L showing a trend of higher vitellogenin concentrations than the control group; levels in the males of the groups exposed to 14 and 31 mg NO3-/L were not statistically different from those of the control group. In conclusion, some marginal effect of nitrate in male fish on endocrine activity was observed but the present results for zebrafish, using environmentally relevant concentrations, do not define nitrate and nitrite as endocrine disrupting chemicals according to the generally accepted WHO/IPCS definition because no adverse effects (altered sex ratios) were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Bjerregaard
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark.
| | - Karin Lund Kinnberg
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Maria Pedersen Mose
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark
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12
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Poulsen R, Cedergreen N, Hayes T, Hansen M. Nitrate: An Environmental Endocrine Disruptor? A Review of Evidence and Research Needs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3869-3887. [PMID: 29494771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is heavily used as an agricultural fertilizer and is today a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Environmental endocrine effects caused by nitrate have received increasing attention over the last 15 years. Nitrate is hypothesized to interfere with thyroid and steroid hormone homeostasis and developmental and reproductive end points. The current review focuses on aquatic ecotoxicology with emphasis on field and laboratory controlled in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, nitrate is just one of several forms of nitrogen that is present in the environment and many of these are quickly interconvertible. Therefore, the focus is additionally confined to the oxidized nitrogen species (nitrate, nitrite and nitric oxide). We reviewed 26 environmental toxicology studies and our main findings are (1) nitrate has endocrine disrupting properties and hypotheses for mechanisms exist, which warrants for further investigations; (2) there are issues determining actual nitrate-speciation and abundance is not quantified in a number of studies, making links to speciation-specific effects difficult; and (3) more advanced analytical chemistry methodologies are needed both for exposure assessment and in the determination of endocrine biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Poulsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , 1871 Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Nina Cedergreen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , 1871 Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Tyrone Hayes
- Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Molecular Toxicology, Group in Endocrinology, Energy and Resources Group, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, and Department of Integrative Biology , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , 1871 Frederiksberg , Denmark
- Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Molecular Toxicology, Group in Endocrinology, Energy and Resources Group, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, and Department of Integrative Biology , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Environmental Science , Aarhus University , 4000 Roskilde , Denmark
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13
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Hamlin HJ, Edwards TM, McCoy J, Cruze L, Guillette LJ. Environmentally relevant concentrations of nitrate increase plasma testosterone concentrations in female American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 238:55-60. [PMID: 27118707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that is contributing to the degradation of freshwater, estuarine, and coastal ecosystems worldwide. The effects of environmental nitrate, a principal form of nitrogen, on the health of aquatic life is of increasing concern. We exposed female American alligators to three concentrations of nitrate (0.7, 10 and 100mg/L NO3-N) for a duration of five weeks and five months from hatch. We assessed growth, plasma sex steroid and thyroid hormone concentrations, and transcription levels of key genes involved in steroidogenesis (StAR, 3β-HSD, and P450scc) and hepatic clearance (Cyp1a, Cyp3a). Exposure to 100mg/L NO3-N for both five weeks and five months resulted in significantly increased plasma testosterone (T) concentrations compared with alligators in the reference treatment. No differences in 17β-estradiol, progesterone, or thyroid hormones were observed, nor were there differences in alligator weight or the mRNA abundance of steroidogenic or hepatic genes. Plasma and urinary nitrate concentrations increased with increasing nitrate treatment levels, although relative plasma concentrations of nitrate were significantly lower in five month, versus five week old animals, possibly due to improved kidney function in older animals. These results indicate that environmentally relevant concentrations of nitrate can increase circulating concentrations of T in young female alligators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Hamlin
- School of Marine Sciences, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, 5751 Murray Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, and Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Thea M Edwards
- Department of Biology, University of the South, 159 Spencer Hall, Sewanee, TN 37383, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jessica McCoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, and Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Lori Cruze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, and Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, and Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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14
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McCoy KA, Roark AM, Boggs ASP, Bowden JA, Cruze L, Edwards TM, Hamlin HJ, Cantu TM, McCoy JA, McNabb NA, Wenzel AG, Williams CE, Kohno S. Integrative and comparative reproductive biology: From alligators to xenobiotics. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 238:23-31. [PMID: 27013381 PMCID: PMC5497304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dr. Louis J. Guillette Jr. thought of himself as a reproductive biologist. However, his interest in reproductive biology transcended organ systems, life history stages, species, and environmental contexts. His integrative and collaborative nature led to diverse and fascinating research projects conducted all over the world. He doesn't leave us with a single legacy. Instead, he entrusts us with several. The purpose of this review is to highlight those legacies, in both breadth and diversity, and to illustrate Dr. Guillette's grand contributions to the field of reproductive biology. He has challenged the field to reconsider how we think about our data, championed development of novel and innovative techniques to measure endocrine function, helped define the field of endocrine disruption, and lead projects to characterize new endocrine disrupting chemicals. He significantly influenced our understanding of evolution, and took bold and important steps to translate all that he has learned into advances in human reproductive health. We hope that after reading this manuscript our audience will appreciate and continue Dr. Guillette's practice of open-minded and passionate collaboration to understand the basic mechanisms driving reproductive physiology and to ultimately apply those findings to protect and improve wildlife and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A McCoy
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 278585, USA
| | - Alison M Roark
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA
| | - Ashley S P Boggs
- Environmental Chemical Sciences, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Environmental Chemical Sciences, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Lori Cruze
- Department of Biology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA
| | - Thea M Edwards
- Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN 37383, USA
| | - Heather J Hamlin
- School of Marine Sciences, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Theresa M Cantu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Jessica A McCoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Nicole A McNabb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Graduate Program in Marine Biology, University of Charleston at College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Abby G Wenzel
- Environmental Chemical Sciences, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Cameron E Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Graduate Program in Marine Biology, University of Charleston at College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Satomi Kohno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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15
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Olinger CT, Peoples BK, Frimpong EA. Reproductive life history of Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel, 1848) (Poeciliinae: Poeciliidae) in the Honduran interior highlands: trait variation along an elevational gradient. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20150050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This study examined reproductive traits and growth rates of Heterandria bimaculata (Poeciliidae) in Cusuco National Park (CNP), a cloud forest reserve in northern Honduras, Central America. In CNP, H. bimaculata occurs in the absence of other fish species and major invertebrate predators along an approximately 1000 m elevation gradient. This allowed for the examination of trait variation along the gradient without the confounding effects of interspecific interactions or habitat patchiness. Heterandria bimaculata exhibited traits characteristic of a low-predation environment: balanced sex ratio, slow growth, late maturity and large female size. Females produced more, smaller eggs from upstream to downstream, but overall reproductive allocation remained constant along the gradient. Maximum male length and annual growth rates increased from upstream to downstream, but female growth showed no trend. The patterns of growth and reproductive allocation tradeoff are consistent with predicted response to a longitudinally-increasing productivity gradient in which food resources become more abundant downstream. Macrobrachium and Bellastoma could have caused some predation, but were sparse and patchily distributed. Fish density remained fairly constant among elevations; if food resources were limiting in upstream habitats, per-capita resource availability would be lower and density-dependent competition would drive selection for larger but fewer, more competitive offspring. Future work should quantify longitudinal changes in productivity and conduct experiments to decouple the effects of stream order and fish density dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon K. Peoples
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA; Operation Wallacea, UK
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16
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Gomes AD, Tolussi CE, Ribeiro CDS, Honji RM, Moreira RG. The role of ovarian steroids in reproductive plasticity in Hoplias malabaricus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Erythrinidae) in tropical reservoirs with different degrees of pollution. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 222:1-10. [PMID: 25449659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemicals in aquatic environments may lead to impairment of fish reproduction, but some species display plasticity levels to survive and reproduce in such localities. We investigated the reproductive cycle in a teleost species, Hoplias malabaricus, which inhabits a variety of environments with different degrees of pollution. Adult females were sampled at two locations in São Paulo State (Brazil), the reference Ponte Nova (PN) reservoir and the polluted Billings (BIL) reservoir. Metabolic and endocrine processes were analyzed throughout the annual cycle with special attention to ovarian histology, gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, ovarian energetic substrates and plasma steroids analyses, in addition to physical and chemical analyses of the water. Pollutants were frequent in BIL but not in PN. The GSI, including the predominance of vitellogenic oocytes, was higher in spring and summer in both locations, but the oocyte recruitment dynamics was different. During winter, females from BIL presented vitellogenic oocytes and high levels of 11-ketotestosterone, which indicated precocity in the vitellogenic phase in relation to the females from PN. In animals from PN, high deposition of lipids occurred in the ovaries. However, plasma estradiol levels did not vary throughout the annual cycle. In animals from BIL, plasma estradiol levels peaked during the summer, but the ovarian lipid content remained unchanged throughout the year. The data suggest that the presence of pollutants cause various endocrine and metabolic responses and especially affects reproductive plasticity, which could explain why H. malabaricus survives under unfavorable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dal'Olio Gomes
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Tolussi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiéle da Silva Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Massaaki Honji
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil.
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17
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O’Dea RE, Vega-Trejo R, Head ML, Jennions MD. Maternal effects on offspring size and number in mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2945-55. [PMID: 26306178 PMCID: PMC4541997 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Given a trade-off between offspring size and number, all mothers are predicted to produce the same optimal-sized offspring in a given environment. In many species, however, larger and/or older mothers produce bigger offspring. There are several hypotheses to explain this but they lack strong empirical support. In organisms with indeterminate growth, there is the additional problem that maternal size and age are positively correlated, so what are their relative roles in determining offspring size? To investigate this, we measured the natural relationship between maternal and offspring size in a wild population of Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish), and experimentally disentangled the effects of maternal age and size on offspring size in the laboratory. In combination, our data indicate that the relationship between maternal and offspring size is nonlinear. Small mothers seem to produce larger than average offspring due to integer effects associated with very small broods. For extremely large mothers, which were only sampled in our wild data, these larger than average offspring may result from greater maternal resources or age effects. However, maternal age had no effect on offspring size or number in the laboratory experiment. Our results highlight the importance of sampling the full size-range of mothers when investigating maternal effects on offspring size. They also point to the difficulty of experimentally manipulating maternal size, because any change in size is invariably associated with a change in at least one factor affecting growth (be it temperature, food availability, or density) that might also have an indirect effect on offspring size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose E O’Dea
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Regina Vega-Trejo
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Megan L Head
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
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18
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Weldele ML, Zúñiga-Vega JJ, Johnson JB. Life history ofGambusia vittata(Pisces: Poeciliidae). SOUTHWEST NAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1894/mp-08.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Almeida-Silva PH, Mazzoni R. Life history aspects ofPhalloceros anisophallosLucinda, 2008 (Osteichthyes, Poeciliidae) from Córrego Andorinha, Ilha Grande (RJ, Brazil). STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2014.957968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Lin M, Chevalier M, Lek S, Zhang L, Gozlan RE, Liu J, Zhang T, Ye S, Li W, Li Z. Eutrophication as a driver of r-selection traits in a freshwater fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:343-354. [PMID: 24925695 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study tested whether eutrophication could influence life-history traits of a cyprinid, Chanodichthys erythropterus, in 10 Chinese lakes. Using the von Bertalanffy growth model, the asymptotic length (L∞ ) and the growth performance index (IGRO ) were significantly affected by eutrophication. The gonado-somatic index (IG ) and relative fecundity (FR ) were significantly lower in mesotrophic lakes than in eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes. These results indicate that increasing eutrophication affects the life-history tactics of a freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Deep-sea Sciences, Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
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21
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Mukherjee S, Heithaus MR, Trexler JC, Ray-Mukherjee J, Vaudo J. Perceived risk of predation affects reproductive life-history traits in Gambusia holbrooki, but not in Heterandria formosa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88832. [PMID: 24551171 PMCID: PMC3923821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Key to predicting impacts of predation is understanding the mechanisms through which predators impact prey populations. While consumptive effects are well-known, non-consumptive predator effects (risk effects) are increasingly being recognized as important. Studies of risk effects, however, have focused largely on how trade-offs between food and safety affect fitness. Less documented, and appreciated, is the potential for predator presence to directly suppress prey reproduction and affect life-history characteristics. For the first time, we tested the effects of visual predator cues on reproduction of two prey species with different reproductive modes, lecithotrophy (i.e. embryonic development primarily fueled by yolk) and matrotrophy (i.e. energy for embryonic development directly supplied by the mother to the embryo through a vascular connection). Predation risk suppressed reproduction in the lecithotrophic prey (Gambusia holbrokii) but not the matrotroph (Heterandria formosa). Predator stress caused G. holbrooki to reduce clutch size by 43%, and to produce larger and heavier offspring compared to control females. H. formosa, however, did not show any such difference. In G. holbrooki we also found a significantly high percentage (14%) of stillbirths in predator-exposed treatments compared to controls (2%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct empirical evidence of predation stress affecting stillbirths in prey. Our results suggest that matrotrophy, superfetation (clutch overlap), or both decrease the sensitivity of mothers to environmental fluctuation in resource (food) and stress (predation risk) levels compared to lecithotrophy. These mechanisms should be considered both when modeling consequences of perceived risk of predation on prey-predator population dynamics and when seeking to understand the evolution of reproductive modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomen Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael R. Heithaus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joel C. Trexler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jayanti Ray-Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jeremy Vaudo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, United States of America
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22
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Edwards TM, Miller HD, Toft G, Guillette LJ. Seasonal reproduction of male Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) from two Florida lakes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1165-1180. [PMID: 23404634 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen monthly collections of adult male Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) were obtained from two lakes in central Florida, USA. Lake Woodruff and Lake Apopka are 36 miles apart, but differ in several environmental parameters. Compared with Lake Woodruff, Lake Apopka is warmer, more shallow in sampling areas (particularly during drought conditions; approximately 15-90 cm in Lake Apopka versus 60-120 cm in Lake Woodruff), more turbid, and more heavily contaminated with nutrients and industrial and agricultural chemicals. Here, we present detailed information on seasonal reproduction patterns in mosquitofish in their native range and compare patterns between fish from the two lakes. Male mosquitofish were reproductively active from spring through fall. Spermatogenesis, which is regulated in part by 11-ketotestosterone, ceased in October, and fish stored spermatozoa through the winter for immediate fertilization of offspring in the spring. Compared with Lake Woodruff, fish from Lake Apopka tended to be larger and have longer gonopodia and greater gonado- and hepato-somatic indices (GSI and HSI). High GSI in Apopka fish correlated with greater spermatid production, but fewer mature spermatozoa and either the same or lower sperm counts and sperm viability. Taken together, these observations suggest that differentiation of spermatids to spermatozoa is disrupted in Apopka fish, leading to reductions in fertility in some months. Delivery of sperm to females could also be affected in Apopka fish, which exhibit lower prevalence of efferent duct tissue in the testes during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, 141 Carson Taylor Hall, PO Box 3179, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA,
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23
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Ciji A, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Akhtar MS. Nitrite-induced alterations in sex steroids and thyroid hormones of Labeo rohita juveniles: effects of dietary vitamin E and L-tryptophan. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1297-1307. [PMID: 23504103 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of sub-lethal nitrite exposure on sex steroids (testosterone and estradiol), cortisol and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) of Labeo rohita juveniles. Fishes previously fed with normal or elevated levels of vitamin E (VE) and tryptophan for 60 days were exposed to sub-lethal nitrite for another 45 days with same feeding regime. There were nine treatment groups, viz. VE0TRP0-N, VE0TRP0+N, VE100TRP0-N, VE100TRP0+N, VE100TRP0.75+N, VE100TRP1.5+N, VE150TRP0+N, VE300TRP0+N and VE200TRP1+N. Except the groups VE0TRP0-N and VE100TRP0-N, all other groups were exposed to nitrite. At the end of the 45 days of nitrite exposure, serum samples were assayed for sex steroids, cortisol and thyroid hormones. The serum T3 and T4 levels decreased to the extent of 84.5 and 94.06%, respectively, upon nitrite exposure. Dietary supplementation with additional amounts of VE and tryptophan appears to reduce the decline of the production of T4. The serum testosterone and estradiol decreased 97.31 and 92.86%, respectively, upon nitrite exposure. Supplementation with additional amounts of VE was found to reverse nitrite-induced inhibition of testosterone and estradiol production. Serum cortisol increased upon nitrite exposure and unexposed (VE100-N) group showed lower levels, which were comparable to groups fed with elevated levels of VE. The overall results of the present study revealed that environmental nitrites have a negative impact on steroidogenesis, which can be overcome by dietary supplementation of elevated amounts of VE (minimum of 150 mg VE Kg diet(-1)) and to a lesser extent by tryptophan (only at the level of 1.5% of the diet).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ciji
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India,
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24
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Hued AC, Nostro FLL, Wunderlin DA, Bistoni MDLÁ. Reproductive impairment of a viviparous fish species inhabiting a freshwater system with anthropogenic impact. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 64:281-290. [PMID: 23124166 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential threat to animal reproduction by contaminated freshwater systems posed the necessity to identify and develop bioindicators and biomarkers to be used for screening and evaluation of the effects in organisms. The main goal of this work was to determine, through histological analyses and changes in gonopodium morphology, whether a freshwater system polluted by anthropogenic activities-sewage, agricultural, and industrial-could cause alterations at the organ level. We also propose the live-bearing fish, Jenynsia multidentata, as a species suitable to study the effects of contaminated aquatic environments. We compared male fish sampled at two different stations in Suquía River basin (Córdoba, Argentina), both differing in degree of pollution, through liver and testis histology and gonopodial morphometric parameters. The water quality, based on the physicochemical characteristics of the studied stations, varied markedly with a decrease in water quality at the downstream site (station 2). At the highest polluted area, detrimental effects on liver and testis were evidenced on histological analysis. Male individuals from station 2 also presented noticeable structural changes of the anal fin, such as a straight gonopodium and abnormal tip area. The present results demonstrate that a freshwater system polluted by the impacts of anthropogenic activities has detrimental effects to J. multidentata. The alterations registered in individuals from the polluted station indicate an impairment of male reproductive performance and imply a risk for other live-bearing species as well as the entire biodiversity. We consider J. multidentata a sentinel species that is useful to evaluate the potential risk present in the studied basin not only to itself but to other species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cecilia Hued
- Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
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25
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Bellingham M, Fiandanese N, Byers A, Cotinot C, Evans NP, Pocar P, Amezaga MR, Lea RG, Sinclair KD, Rhind SM, Fowler PA. Effects of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals During Pregnancy on the Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Axes. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4:15-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Rhind SM, Evans NP, Bellingham M, Sharpe RM, Cotinot C, Mandon-Pepin B, Loup B, Sinclair KD, Lea RG, Pocar P, Fischer B, van der Zalm E, Hart K, Schmidt JS, Amezaga MR, Fowler PA. Effects of environmental pollutants on the reproduction and welfare of ruminants. Animal 2010; 4:1227-1239. [PMID: 20582145 PMCID: PMC2888112 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollutants comprise a wide range of synthetic organic compounds and heavy metals, which are dispersed throughout the environment, usually at low concentrations. Exposure of ruminants, as for all other animals, is unavoidable and while the levels of exposure to most chemicals are usually too low to induce any physiological effects, combinations of pollutants can act additively or synergistically to perturb multiple physiological systems at all ages but particularly in the developing foetus. In sheep, organs affected by pollutant exposure include the ovary, testis, hypothalamus and pituitary gland and bone. Reported effects of exposure include changes in organ weight and gross structure, histology and gene and protein expression but these changes are not reflected in changes in reproductive performance under the conditions tested. These results illustrate the complexity of the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on the reproductive axis, which make it difficult to extrapolate between, or even within, species. Effects of pollutant exposure on the thyroid gland, immune, cardiovascular and obesogenic systems have not been shown explicitly, in ruminants, but work on other species suggests that these systems can also be perturbed. It is concluded that exposure to a mixture of anthropogenic pollutants has significant effects on a wide variety of physiological systems, including the reproductive system. Although this physiological insult has not yet been shown to lead to a reduction in ruminant gross performance, there are already reports indicating that anthropogenic pollutant exposure can compromise several physiological systems and may pose a significant threat to both reproductive performance and welfare in the longer term. At present, many potential mechanisms of action for individual chemicals have been identified but knowledge of factors affecting the rate of tissue exposure and of the effects of combinations of chemicals on physiological systems is poor. Nevertheless, both are vital for the identification of risks to animal productivity and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Rhind
- Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - N. P. Evans
- Division of Cell Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Glasgow G6 1QH, UK
| | - M. Bellingham
- Division of Cell Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Glasgow G6 1QH, UK
| | - R. M. Sharpe
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - C. Cotinot
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Developpement et de la Reproduction 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - B. Mandon-Pepin
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Developpement et de la Reproduction 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - B. Loup
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Developpement et de la Reproduction 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - K. D. Sinclair
- Schools of Biosciences, and Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - R. G. Lea
- Schools of Biosciences, and Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - P. Pocar
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - B. Fischer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Halle, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - E. van der Zalm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Halle, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - K. Hart
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Halle, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - J.-S. Schmidt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Halle, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - M. R. Amezaga
- Centre for Reproductive Endocrinology & Medicine, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - P. A. Fowler
- Centre for Reproductive Endocrinology & Medicine, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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27
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Hamlin HJ, Guillette LJ. Birth Defects in Wildlife: The Role of Environmental Contaminants as Inducers of Reproductive and Developmental Dysfunction. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2010; 56:113-21. [DOI: 10.3109/19396360903244598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Edwards TM, Toft G, Guillette LJ. Seasonal reproductive patterns of female Gambusia holbrooki from two Florida lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:1569-1576. [PMID: 20083296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lake Apopka in central Florida (USA) is significantly contaminated with a variety of chemicals including anthropogenic nutrients, organochlorine pesticides like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and multiple congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Our laboratory has previously documented a number of reproductive abnormalities in alligators from Lake Apopka, compared with alligators captured from Lake Woodruff, a nearby reference lake. We conducted the present study to investigate if another native vertebrate, Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish), is similarly affected. Adult female mosquitofish were collected from Lake Apopka and Lake Woodruff monthly for 16 months to document seasonal and lake-associated variation in reproductive patterns. In contrast to fish from Lake Woodruff (reference), females from Lake Apopka exhibited earlier and more synchronized spring ovarian recrudescence, increased body size, increased fecundity, increased adjusted hepatic weight, and more extreme fluctuations in muscle estradiol concentrations in most months. Endocrine disruption, consistent with other studies and Lake Apopka's pollution profile, is one explanation for these findings. Other environmental and physiological factors are also addressed. However, the higher fecundity among Apopka females suggests that, unlike Apopka alligators, Apopka mosquitofish are not impacted at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M Edwards
- Center for Bioenvironmental Research, 102 Alcee Fortier Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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29
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Rhind SM. Anthropogenic pollutants: a threat to ecosystem sustainability? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 364:3391-401. [PMID: 19833650 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollutants, including synthetic organic materials and heavy metals, are known to adversely affect physiological systems in all animal species studied to date. While many individual chemicals can perturb normal functions, the combined actions of multiple pollutants are of particular concern because they can exert effects even when each individual chemical is present at concentrations too low to be individually effective. The biological effects of pollutants differ greatly between species reflecting differences in the pattern of exposure, routes of uptake, metabolism following uptake, rates of accumulation and sensitivity of the target organs. Thus, understanding of the effects of pollutants on wildlife and ecosystems will require detailed study of many different species, representing a wide range of taxa. However, such studies can be informed by knowledge obtained in more controlled conditions which may indicate likely mechanisms of action and suitable endpoint measurements. Responses may be exacerbated by interactions between the effects of pollutants and environmental stressors, such as under-nutrition or osmotic stresses and so changes in such variables associated with climatic changes may exacerbate physiological responses to pollutant burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Rhind
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
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30
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Franssen CM. The effects of heavy metal mine drainage on population size structure, reproduction, and condition of western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 57:145-156. [PMID: 18846312 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-008-9244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic degradation of aquatic environments worldwide results in disturbed habitats, altered communities, and stressed populations. Surface waters located in an abandoned lead-zinc mining district in northeastern Oklahoma are no exception. This study examines the reproductive and somatic responses of a pollution-tolerant fish, the western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Teleostei: Poeciliidae), living in mine outflow waters contaminated by heavy metals. Populations were sampled from four streams, which were classified into three habitat types. Populations from Tar Creek and an Unnamed Tributary of Tar Creek receive direct input of mine drainage, while populations living in reference creeks are not known to have mining influence. The influence of mine drainage directly or indirectly (via altered competitor and predator regimes or changes in food availability) affects G. affinis at both the population and the individual level. Metal-contaminated sites had reduced proportions of males and reproductively active females and altered male population size structures. Individual-level effects were apparent, as all G. affinis from Tar Creek invested less in liver weights, and mature males and reproductively active females from Tar Creek invested less in gonad weights. Furthermore, males from impacted sites were significantly lighter than those from reference creeks. Gravid females from Tar Creek had smaller clutch sizes, but average embryo weight did not differ among streams.
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31
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Yang H, Hazlewood L, Walter RB, Tiersch TR. Sperm cryopreservation of a live-bearing fish, Xiphophorus couchianus: male-to-male variation in post-thaw motility and production of F(1) hybrid offspring. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:233-9. [PMID: 19027087 PMCID: PMC4532329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fishes of the genus Xiphophorus are well-studied biomedical research models, and some species, such as X. couchianus, are currently listed as endangered in the wild. Sperm cryopreservation in these live-bearing fishes has begun recently. Thus far, live young have been produced with cryopreserved sperm only in one species (Xiphophorus helleri). In this study, the goal was to develop a practical protocol for sperm cryopreservation of Xiphophorus couchianus, and to produce live young with cryopreserved sperm. Sperm were collected by crushing of testis in Hanks' balanced salt solution at an osmolality of 500 mOsmol/kg (HBSS500), and were cryopreserved with 14% glycerol (v/v) as cryoprotectant at a cooling rate of 20 degrees C/min from 5 to -80 degrees C in 250-microL French straws. For artificial insemination, samples were thawed at 40 degrees C for 5 s in a water bath, washed once using fresh HBSS500 by centrifuging at 1000 g for 5 min at 4 degrees C, concentrated into approximately 5 microL, and injected into virgin females of Xiphophorus maculatus. The inseminated females were monitored for 90 days for subsequent discharge of live young. Results from 2006 and 2007 showed considerable male-to-male variation in post-thaw motility (from 1 to 70%). Offspring were produced by cryopreserved sperm in two tanks (of three) at 36 and 66 days after insemination in 2007. Paternity was confirmed via phenotypes (body color) and genotypes (microsatellite genetic marker) of the hybrid offspring. Overall, a practical protocol for sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination is provided to preserve X. couchianus, which is an important biomedical research model, and also currently listed as an endangered species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Yang
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2410 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, USA.
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32
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Guillette LJ, Edwards TM. Environmental influences on fertility: can we learn lessons from studies of wildlife? Fertil Steril 2008; 89:e21-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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33
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Edwards TM, Guillette LJ. Reproductive characteristics of male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from nitrate-contaminated springs in Florida. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 85:40-7. [PMID: 17767965 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past five decades, anthropogenic nitrate contamination has increased significantly in many ground and surface water systems, creating the need to understand how nitrate impacts the physiology of aquatic animals. We collected adult male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from eight springs in Florida with varying nitrate concentrations (0.2-5.1 mg/L NO(3)-N). Fish were evaluated for spring-related differences in body, liver, and gonad size, gonopodium length, muscle testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) concentrations, and sperm counts and viability. Increased nitrate concentration (up to 5 mg/L NO(3)-N) was significantly correlated with decreased total sperm counts per spermatozeugmatum, increased adjusted gonopodium length, and increased adjusted testicular weight. Furthermore, we observed that relatively small differences in spring pH (7.0-7.4) were positively associated with muscle 11-KT concentrations. Finally, minor changes in spring water temperature (21.4-22.9 degrees C) was negatively correlated with adjusted testicular and hepatic weights, and positively correlated with total and live sperm counts. We conclude that male mosquitofish reproduction is not the same among the eight springs tested, and that elevated aquatic nitrate concentrations may explain some of the observed variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M Edwards
- Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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34
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Jobling S, Tyler CR. Introduction: The ecological relevance of chemically induced endocrine disruption in wildlife. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114 Suppl 1:7-8. [PMID: 16818239 PMCID: PMC1874178 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jobling
- Beyond The Basics Ltd, Burnham, Bucks, United Kingdom
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