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Agache I, Ricci-Cabello I, Canelo-Aybar C, Annesi-Maesano I, Cecchi L, Biagioni B, Chung KF, D'Amato G, Damialis A, Del Giacco S, De Las Vecillas L, Dominguez-Ortega J, Galán C, Gilles S, Giovannini M, Holgate S, Jeebhay M, Nadeau K, Papadopoulos N, Quirce S, Sastre J, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Salazar J, Sousa-Pinto B, Colom M, Fiol-deRoque MA, Gorreto López L, Malih N, Moro L, Pardo MG, Pazo PG, Campos RZ, Saletti-Cuesta L, Akdis M, Alonso-Coello P, Jutel M, Akdis CA. The impact of exposure to tobacco smoke and e-cigarettes on asthma-related outcomes: Systematic review informing the EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38783343 DOI: 10.1111/all.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
To inform the clinical practice guidelines' recommendations developed by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology systematic reviews (SR) assessed using GRADE on the impact of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and active smoking on the risk of new-onset asthma/recurrent wheezing (RW)/low lung function (LF), and on asthma-related outcomes. Only longitudinal studies were included, almost all on combustion cigarettes, only one assessing e-cigarettes and LF. According to the first SR (67 studies), prenatal ETS increases the risk of RW (moderate certainty evidence) and may increase the risk of new-onset asthma and of low LF (low certainty evidence). Postnatal ETS increases the risk of new-onset asthma and of RW (moderate certainty evidence) and may impact LF (low certainty evidence). Combined in utero and postnatal ETS may increase the risk of new-onset asthma (low certainty evidence) and increases the risk of RW (moderate certainty evidence). According to the second SR (24 studies), ETS increases the risk of severe asthma exacerbations and impairs asthma control and LF (moderate certainty evidence). According to the third SR (25 studies), active smoking increases the risk of severe asthma exacerbations and of suboptimal asthma control (moderate certainty evidence) and may impact asthma-related quality-of-life and LF (low certainty evidence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Ignacio Ricci-Cabello
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion - Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, Palma, Spain
- CIBER Biomedical Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Canelo-Aybar
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM, University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- SOSD Allergy and Clinical Immunology, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Benedetta Biagioni
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro D'Amato
- Respiratory Disease Department, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
- Medical School of Respiratory Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Terrestrial Ecology and Climate Change, Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Leticia De Las Vecillas
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Dominguez-Ortega
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Galán
- Inter-University Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stephen Holgate
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mohamed Jeebhay
- Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kari Nadeau
- John Rock Professor of Climate and Population Studies Chair, Department of Environmental Health, Interim Director, Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Second Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERES, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
- Christine-Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miquel Colom
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion - Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A Fiol-deRoque
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion - Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, Palma, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP)/Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Gorreto López
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
- Gabinete técnico de atención primaria de Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, Palma, Spain
| | - Narges Malih
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion - Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, Palma, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moro
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina García Pardo
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
- Servicio de urgencias de atención primaria de Inca, Balearic Islands Health Services, Palma, Spain
| | - Patricia García Pazo
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion - Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Zamanillo Campos
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion - Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, Palma, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Alonso-Coello
- CIBER Biomedical Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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2
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Alenezi A, Qureshi H, Ahmed OG, Ramanathan M. Air Quality, Allergic Rhinitis, and Asthma. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2024; 57:293-307. [PMID: 37985273 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This review article highlights air pollution as a critical global health concern with emphasis on its effects and role in the development and exacerbation of upper airway and lower airway disease with a focus on allergic rhinitis and asthma. This review underscores the World Health Organization's recognition of air pollution as the biggest environmental threat to human health. It discusses the various components and categories of air pollutants and the evidence-based effects they have on asthma and allergic rhinitis, ranging from pathogenesis to exacerbation of these conditions across various age groups in different geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alenezi
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, 6th Floor, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0910, USA
| | - Hannan Qureshi
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, 6th Floor, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0910, USA
| | - Omar G Ahmed
- Academic Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Research Institute, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, 6th Floor, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0910, USA.
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3
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Ruan Q, Jiang Y, Shi Y. Maternal smoking around birth and its influence on offspring allergic diseases: A mendelian randomization study. World Allergy Organ J 2024; 17:100875. [PMID: 38351904 PMCID: PMC10862070 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The influence of maternal smoking around birth (MSAB) on offspring allergic diseases, specifically childhood asthma (CA), allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and atopic dermatitis (AD) remains incompletely understood. We performed a rigorous mendelian randomization (MR) study to obtain the unconfounded association between MSAB and allergic diseases in offspring with and without adjustment for the effect of breastfeeding. Methods Utilizing publicly available information of MSAB, breastfeeding, CA, AR, AC, and AD from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we performed a two-sample mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis to assess the respective causal relationship of MSAB and breastfeeding to allergic diseases in offspring. To get a reliable conclusion, MR Egger regression, weighted median, and inverse variance weighted (IVW) were employed to estimate the causality, with IVW as the primary analysis. Multivariate MR (MVMR) analysis was used to assess the effect of MSAB on allergic diseases after adjusting for breastfeeding's impact. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the Cochran Q test, MR-Egger, and leave-one-out approaches to ensure the reliability and stability of results. Results The TSMR analysis demonstrated MSAB increased the risks of CA (PIVW = 0.013, OR: 1.018, 95%CI: 1.004 to 1.033) and AD (PIVW = 0.006, OR: 8.293, 95%CI: 1.815 to 37.884) in offspring. Conversely, breastfeeding decreased the risk of CA (PIVW <0.001, OR: 0.946, 95%CI: 0.918 to 0.974). MSAB still increased the risks of CA (P = 0.0497, OR: 1.013, 95%CI: 1.000017 to 1.026) and AD (P = 0.003, OR: 13.800, 95%CI: 2.490 to 269.246) after adjusting for breastfeeding. We observed no strong indication of a negative causality between MSAB and AC and AR. Conclusion Our findings provided robust evidence of the adverse effects of MSAB on offspring. We emphasized the urgency of smoking cessation around birth and the importance of breastfeeding even in smoking mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Ruan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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4
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Flor LS, Anderson JA, Ahmad N, Aravkin A, Carr S, Dai X, Gil GF, Hay SI, Malloy MJ, McLaughlin SA, Mullany EC, Murray CJL, O'Connell EM, Okereke C, Sorensen RJD, Whisnant J, Zheng P, Gakidou E. Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study. Nat Med 2024; 30:149-167. [PMID: 38195750 PMCID: PMC10803272 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Despite a gradual decline in smoking rates over time, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) continues to cause harm to nonsmokers, who are disproportionately children and women living in low- and middle-income countries. We comprehensively reviewed the literature published by July 2022 concerning the adverse impacts of SHS exposure on nine health outcomes. Following, we quantified each exposure-response association accounting for various sources of uncertainty and evaluated the strength of the evidence supporting our analyses using the Burden of Proof Risk Function methodology. We found all nine health outcomes to be associated with SHS exposure. We conservatively estimated that SHS increases the risk of ischemic heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and lung cancer by at least around 8%, 5%, 1% and 1%, respectively, with the evidence supporting these harmful associations rated as weak (two stars). The evidence supporting the harmful associations between SHS and otitis media, asthma, lower respiratory infections, breast cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was weaker (one star). Despite the weak underlying evidence for these associations, our results reinforce the harmful effects of SHS on health and the need to prioritize advancing efforts to reduce active and passive smoking through a combination of public health policies and education initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa S Flor
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jason A Anderson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noah Ahmad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aleksandr Aravkin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sinclair Carr
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaochen Dai
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabriela F Gil
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J Malloy
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan A McLaughlin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin C Mullany
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin M O'Connell
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chukwuma Okereke
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reed J D Sorensen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joanna Whisnant
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peng Zheng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Xing Y, Leung ASY, Wong GWK. From preschool wheezing to asthma: Environmental determinants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14049. [PMID: 38010001 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Wheezing is common among preschool children, representing a group of highly heterogeneous conditions with varying natural history. Several phenotypes of wheezing have been proposed to facilitate the identification of young children who are at risk of subsequent development of asthma. Epidemiological and immunological studies across different populations have revealed the key role of environmental factors in influencing the progression from preschool wheezing to childhood asthma. Significant risk factors include severe respiratory infections, allergic sensitization, and exposure to tobacco smoke. In contrast, a farming/rural environment has been linked to asthma protection in both human and animal studies. Early and intense exposures to microorganisms and microbial metabolites have been demonstrated to alter host immune responses to allergens and viruses, thereby driving the trajectory away from wheezing illness and asthma. Ongoing clinical trials of candidate microbes and microbial products have shown promise in shaping the immune function to reduce episodes of viral-induced wheezing. Moreover, restoring immune training may be especially important for young children who had reduced microbial exposure due to pandemic restrictions. A comprehensive understanding of the role of modifiable environmental factors will pave the way for developing targeted prevention strategies for preschool wheezing and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Xing
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Agnes Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gary Wing-Kin Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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6
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Wise SK, Damask C, Roland LT, Ebert C, Levy JM, Lin S, Luong A, Rodriguez K, Sedaghat AR, Toskala E, Villwock J, Abdullah B, Akdis C, Alt JA, Ansotegui IJ, Azar A, Baroody F, Benninger MS, Bernstein J, Brook C, Campbell R, Casale T, Chaaban MR, Chew FT, Chambliss J, Cianferoni A, Custovic A, Davis EM, DelGaudio JM, Ellis AK, Flanagan C, Fokkens WJ, Franzese C, Greenhawt M, Gill A, Halderman A, Hohlfeld JM, Incorvaia C, Joe SA, Joshi S, Kuruvilla ME, Kim J, Klein AM, Krouse HJ, Kuan EC, Lang D, Larenas-Linnemann D, Laury AM, Lechner M, Lee SE, Lee VS, Loftus P, Marcus S, Marzouk H, Mattos J, McCoul E, Melen E, Mims JW, Mullol J, Nayak JV, Oppenheimer J, Orlandi RR, Phillips K, Platt M, Ramanathan M, Raymond M, Rhee CS, Reitsma S, Ryan M, Sastre J, Schlosser RJ, Schuman TA, Shaker MS, Sheikh A, Smith KA, Soyka MB, Takashima M, Tang M, Tantilipikorn P, Taw MB, Tversky J, Tyler MA, Veling MC, Wallace D, Wang DY, White A, Zhang L. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis - 2023. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:293-859. [PMID: 36878860 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2018), the literature has expanded substantially. The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update presents 144 individual topics on allergic rhinitis (AR), expanded by over 40 topics from the 2018 document. Originally presented topics from 2018 have also been reviewed and updated. The executive summary highlights key evidence-based findings and recommendation from the full document. METHODS ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 employed established evidence-based review with recommendation (EBRR) methodology to individually evaluate each topic. Stepwise iterative peer review and consensus was performed for each topic. The final document was then collated and includes the results of this work. RESULTS ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 includes 10 major content areas and 144 individual topics related to AR. For a substantial proportion of topics included, an aggregate grade of evidence is presented, which is determined by collating the levels of evidence for each available study identified in the literature. For topics in which a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention is considered, a recommendation summary is presented, which considers the aggregate grade of evidence, benefit, harm, and cost. CONCLUSION The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update provides a comprehensive evaluation of AR and the currently available evidence. It is this evidence that contributes to our current knowledge base and recommendations for patient evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wise
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cecelia Damask
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Private Practice, University of Central Florida, Lake Mary, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren T Roland
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles Ebert
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sandra Lin
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amber Luong
- Otolaryngology-HNS, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Rodriguez
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmad R Sedaghat
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elina Toskala
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang, Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Antoine Azar
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fuad Baroody
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher Brook
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Harvard University, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raewyn Campbell
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Casale
- Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mohamad R Chaaban
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy/Immunology, Genetics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chambliss
- Allergy/Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Antonella Cianferoni
- Allergy/Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne K Ellis
- Allergy/Immunology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Allergy/Immunology, Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amarbir Gill
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashleigh Halderman
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Respiratory Medicine, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie A Joe
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shyam Joshi
- Allergy/Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jean Kim
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam M Klein
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Helene J Krouse
- Otorhinolaryngology Nursing, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - David Lang
- Allergy/Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University College London, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Stella E Lee
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria S Lee
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia Loftus
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sonya Marcus
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Haidy Marzouk
- Otolaryngology-HNS, State University of New York Upstate, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jose Mattos
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward McCoul
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Erik Melen
- Pediatric Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James W Mims
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John Oppenheimer
- Allergy/Immunology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Katie Phillips
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Platt
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Chae-Seo Rhee
- Rhinology/Allergy, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sietze Reitsma
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy, Fundacion Jiminez Diaz, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Theodore A Schuman
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Allergy/Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Primary Care, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael B Soyka
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masayoshi Takashima
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Monica Tang
- Allergy/Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Malcolm B Taw
- Integrative East-West Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Westlake Village, California, USA
| | - Jody Tversky
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew A Tyler
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria C Veling
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Wallace
- Allergy/Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - De Yun Wang
- Otolaryngology-HNS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew White
- Allergy/Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Luo Zhang
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Fuglsang CH, Bakos I, Laugesen K, Troelsen FS, Horváth-Puhó E, Sørensen HT. Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Appendicitis in the Offspring. Epidemiology 2023; 34:293-301. [PMID: 36722812 PMCID: PMC9891296 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence on the link between smoking and appendicitis is scarce and ambiguous. We therefore conducted a population-based cohort study in Denmark to investigate whether smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of appendicitis in offspring. METHODS We used the Danish Birth Registry to include all singletons born during 1991-2017 and to identify maternal smoking status during pregnancy. We followed the children from birth until date of appendicitis, emigration, death, or administrative end of study (31 December 2018), whichever came first. We calculated crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of appendicitis with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy to children of nonsmokers. Further, we conducted a bias analysis and sibling analysis. RESULTS We included 1,659,526 singletons of whom 19% were born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy. After maximum 28 years of follow-up, hazard rates for children of smokers were slightly higher than for children of nonsmokers [adjusted HR: 1.07 (95% CI = 1.04, 1.10)]. Stratification by sex revealed no association for males [adjusted HR: 1.02 (95% CI = 0.99, 1.06)], but a higher HR for females [adjusted HR: 1.13 (95% CI = 1.09, 1.18)]. This association increased with increasing length of follow-up, indicating that the association may be mediated by later-life exposures. The bias analysis indicated that misclassification of maternal smoking could attenuate a true association, while the sibling analysis showed no association. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking during pregnancy and appendicitis in the offspring may be associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Hvitfeldt Fuglsang
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Istvan Bakos
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristina Laugesen
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Schønfeldt Troelsen
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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8
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Miyake K, Kushima M, Shinohara R, Horiuchi S, Otawa S, Akiyama Y, Ooka T, Kojima R, Yokomichi H, Yamagata Z. Maternal smoking status before and during pregnancy and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3234. [PMID: 36828882 PMCID: PMC9958124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between maternal pre-pregnancy smoking status and asthma risk is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between pre- and post-pregnancy maternal smoking status and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age in a large birth cohort. Data of 75,411 mother-child pairs from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) were analysed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Overall, 7.2% of the children had bronchial asthma. The maternal smoking status before childbirth was as follows: Never = 60.0%, Quit before recognising current pregnancy = 24.1%, Quit after finding out about current pregnancy = 12.3%, and Still smoking = 3.6%. Children of mothers who sustained smoking during pregnancy had an increased risk of bronchial asthma at 3 years of age even after adjusting for pre- and postnatal covariates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.56). Children of mothers who quit before (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.18) or after (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.23) recognising the current pregnancy had an increased risk of bronchial asthma at 3 years of age. Maternal smoking throughout pregnancy and smoking exposure pre-pregnancy or in early pregnancy increases the risk of bronchial asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Megumi Kushima
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sanae Otawa
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuka Akiyama
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan
| | - Tadao Ooka
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan
| | - Reiji Kojima
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokomichi
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan ,grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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9
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Qun G, He S, Bo S, Jiangli D, Tao X, Shuo W, Zechun L, Ailing W. Investigations on incidence and relevant factors of allergies in 5725 urban pregnant women: a cohort study in China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:126. [PMID: 36653837 PMCID: PMC9847113 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases are highly prevalent in the women of childbearing age. As we know, the immune system could change when pregnancy, which may affect the course of allergic diseases. Meanwhile, they also can affect the course and outcome of pregnancy. The data on incidence of allergies during pregnancy is lacking and conducting clinical trials in pregnant women was limited, therefore, we observed a prebirth cohort to supplement the relevant data and strengthen concerned research conductions. OBJECTIVE We aim to obtain the incidence of allergies in urban pregnancy and explore the relevant factors of allergic diseases in urban pregnancy. METHODS We design a multicenter and prospective cohort in 20 institutions above municipal level which were eligible according to the study design from 14 provinces covering all-side of China. This cohort was conducted from 13+6 weeks of gestation to 12 months postpartum and in our study, we chose the prenatal part to analyze. The outcome was developing allergies during pregnancy, which were diagnosed by clinicians according to the uniform criterion from National Health Commission. All the data was collected by electronic questionnaires through tablet computers. RESULTS The incidence of allergic diseases in urban pregnant women was 21.0% (95%CI 20.0% ~ 22.0%). From social demography data, the history of allergies of pregnant women and their parents had statistical significance(p < 0.01); For exposure to living or working environment, house decoration for less than half a year, exposure to plush toys, disinfectants, insecticides, antihistamines, glucocorticoids, antipyretic analgesics, tocolytic agent and probiotics had statistical significance (all p < 0.05); For psychological status, self-rated depression and anxiety had statistical significance (p = 0.026;p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The incidence of allergic diseases in urban pregnant women was similar to the former study and kept a medium-high level. The history of allergies of pregnant women and their parents, house decoration time, exposure to plush toys, disinfectants, insecticides, antihistamines, glucocorticoids, antipyretic analgesics, tocolytic agents, probiotics, self-rated depression, and anxiety were relevant factors of allergic diseases during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Qun
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Center for Women and Children’s Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Sun He
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Center for Women and Children’s Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Song Bo
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Center for Women and Children’s Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Di Jiangli
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Center for Women and Children’s Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Tao
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Center for Women and Children’s Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Shuo
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Center for Women and Children’s Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zechun
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Center for Women and Children’s Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Ailing
- National Center for Women and Children's Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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10
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Smoking cessation in pregnant women using financial incentives: a feasibility study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:963. [PMID: 36564748 PMCID: PMC9789602 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of smoking pregnant women in Dutch areas with lower socioeconomic status and the consecutively harmful exposure to tobacco to both mother and child, depicted a high need for a novel intervention. According to other studies, the utilisation of financial incentives appeared to be a promising method for smoking cessation in pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of implementing contingent financial incentives as smoking cessation support for pregnant women in the Netherlands. METHODS Feasibility study consisting of four developmental phases: (1) acceptability of Dutch population regarding financial-incentive-intervention by conducting an online questionnaire, (2) composing a pilot study utilising the financial-incentive-intervention in clinical practice, (3) execution of the composed pilot study and (4) evaluation of the executed pilot study utilising a mixed-methods approach. A financial-incentive-intervention, given in a contingent financial scheme (during five consequential appointments, respectively €25/€50/€100/€150/€250), if smoking abstinence was proven by the amount of cotinine in the urine of the pregnant women measured utilising a urine dipstick test. The public acceptability for the financial-incentive-intervention was assessed using 5-Likert scales. The number of pregnant women able to abstain from smoking during the pilot study and utilising the financial-incentive-intervention in clinical practice were used to assess the prosperity and practicality of the pilot study respectively. The pilot study was evaluated using a mixed-methods approach. RESULTS In total, 55.1% of the Dutch population sample (n = 328) found a financial incentive inappropriate for smoking cessation in pregnant women, while the healthcare professionals and pilot study participants thought the financial-incentive-intervention to be a helpful approach. Eleven vouchers were given during the pilot study, and one woman completed all test points and tested negative for cotinine at the end of the pilot study. CONCLUSION Although the financial-incentive-intervention appeared to be a promising approach for smoking cessation in pregnant women, the acceptability of the Dutch population and the number of pregnant women able to abstain smoking during this pilot study was low. Despite the limited study population, this study proved the concept of this financial-incentive-intervention to be feasible for implementation in the Netherlands. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable since this is a feasibility study prior to a trial.
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11
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Kilanowski A, Merid SK, Abrishamcar S, Feil D, Thiering E, Waldenberger M, Melén E, Peters A, Standl M, Hüls A. DNA methylation and aeroallergen sensitization: The chicken or the egg? Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:114. [PMID: 36114581 PMCID: PMC9482323 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation (DNAm) is considered a plausible pathway through which genetic and environmental factors may influence the development of allergies. However, causality has yet to be determined as it is unknown whether DNAm is rather a cause or consequence of allergic sensitization. Here, we investigated the direction of the observed associations between well-known environmental and genetic determinants of allergy, DNAm, and aeroallergen sensitization using a combination of high-dimensional and causal mediation analyses.
Methods Using prospectively collected data from the German LISA birth cohort from two time windows (6–10 years: N = 234; 10–15 years: N = 167), we tested whether DNAm is a cause or a consequence of aeroallergen sensitization (specific immunoglobulin E > 0.35kU/l) by conducting mediation analyses for both effect directions using maternal smoking during pregnancy, family history of allergies, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for any allergic disease as exposure variables. We evaluated individual CpG sites (EPIC BeadChip) and allergy-related methylation risk scores (MRS) as potential mediators in the mediation analyses. We applied three high-dimensional mediation approaches (HIMA, DACT, gHMA) and validated results using causal mediation analyses. A replication of results was attempted in the Swedish BAMSE cohort.
Results Using high-dimensional methods, we identified five CpGs as mediators of prenatal exposures to sensitization with significant (adjusted p < 0.05) indirect effects in the causal mediation analysis (maternal smoking: two CpGs, family history: one, PRS: two). None of these CpGs could be replicated in BAMSE. The effect of family history on allergy-related MRS was significantly mediated by aeroallergen sensitization (proportions mediated: 33.7–49.6%), suggesting changes in DNAm occurred post-sensitization. Conclusion The results indicate that DNAm may be a cause or consequence of aeroallergen sensitization depending on genomic location. Allergy-related MRS, identified as a potential cause of sensitization, can be considered as a cross-sectional biomarker of disease. Differential DNAm in individual CpGs, identified as mediators of the development of sensitization, could be used as clinical predictors of disease development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01332-5.
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12
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Rocco I, Cilluffo G, Ferrante G, Cibella F, Marcon A, Marchetti P, Ricci P, Minicuci N, La Grutta S, Corso B. Investigating the Relationship between Parental Education, Asthma and Rhinitis in Children Using Path Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14551. [PMID: 36361431 PMCID: PMC9654957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Parental socioeconomic position (SEP) is a known determinant of a child's health. We aimed to investigate whether a low parental education, as proxy of SEP, has a direct effect on physician-diagnosed asthma, current asthma and current allergic rhinitis in children, or whether associations are mediated by exposure to other personal or environmental risk factors. This study was a secondary data analysis of two cross-sectional studies conducted in Italy in 2006. Data from 2687 adolescents (10-14 years) were analyzed by a path analysis model using generalized structural equation modelling. Significant direct effects were found between parental education and family characteristics (number of children (coefficient = 0.6229, p < 0.001) and crowding index (1.1263, p < 0.001)) as well as with exposure to passive smoke: during pregnancy (maternal: 0.4697, p < 0.001; paternal: 0.4854, p < 0.001), during the first two years of children's life (0.5897, p < 0.001) and currently (0.6998, p < 0.001). An indirect effect of parental education was found on physician-diagnosed asthma in children mediated by maternal smoking during pregnancy (0.2350, p < 0.05) and on current allergic rhinitis mediated by early environmental tobacco smoke (0.2002; p < 0.05). These results suggest the importance of promotion of ad-hoc health policies for promoting smoking cessation, especially during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Rocco
- Neuroscience Institute (IN), National Research Council (CNR), 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cilluffo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Department of Surgical Science, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Unit, Verona University Medical School, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, c/o Istituti Biologici II, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Marchetti
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, c/o Istituti Biologici II, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Ricci
- UOC Osservatorio Epidemiologico, Agenzia di Tutela della Salute della Val Padana, 46100 Mantova, Italy
| | - Nadia Minicuci
- Neuroscience Institute (IN), National Research Council (CNR), 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Traslational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Corso
- Neuroscience Institute (IN), National Research Council (CNR), 35121 Padova, Italy
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13
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Lu Z, Coll P, Maitre B, Epaud R, Lanone S. Air pollution as an early determinant of COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/165/220059. [PMID: 35948393 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0059-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is a progressive and debilitating disease often diagnosed after 50 years of age, but more recent evidence suggests that its onset could originate very early on in life. In this context, exposure to air pollution appears to be a potential contributor. Although the potential role of air pollution as an early determinant of COPD is emerging, knowledge gaps still remain, including an accurate qualification of air pollutants (number of pollutants quantified and exact composition) or the "one exposure-one disease" concept, which might limit the current understanding. To fill these gaps, improvements in the field are needed, such as the use of atmosphere simulation chambers able to realistically reproduce the complexity of air pollution, consideration of the exposome, as well as improving exchanges between paediatricians and adult lung specialists to take advantage of reciprocal expertise. This review should lead to a better understanding of the current knowledge on air pollution as an early determinant of COPD, as well as identify the existing knowledge gaps and opportunities to fill them. Hopefully, this will lead to better prevention strategies to scale down the development of COPD in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyi Lu
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Patrice Coll
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Maitre
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Dept of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Ralph Epaud
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Dept of General Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
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14
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Dai X, Dharmage SC, Lodge CJ. The relationship of early-life household air pollution with childhood asthma and lung function. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:220020. [PMID: 38743526 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0020-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in childhood asthma over the past few decades has made it an important public health issue. Poor lung function growth associated with some phenotypes of asthma compounds its long-term impact on the individual. Exposure to early-life household risk factors is believed to be linked with respiratory health while infants' lungs are still developing. This review summarises epidemiological studies and mechanistic evidence focusing on the detrimental effects of early-life household air exposures on the respiratory health of children, in particular effects on asthma and lung function. Many early-life household air exposures, including tobacco smoke, gases from heating and cooking, mould/dampness and cleaning products are associated with childhood asthma development and lung function growth. These exposures may alter structural and mechanical characteristics of infants' lungs and contribute to deficits in later life. In addition, some risk factors, including tobacco smoke and cleaning products, can transmit effects across generations to increase the risk of asthma in subsequent generations. This review supports the hypothesis that risks of asthma and accelerated lung ageing are established in early life. The timing of exposure may be critical in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, in terms of future risk of asthma and reduced lung function in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Effect of allergic rhinitis on sleep in children and the risk factors of an indoor environment. Sleep Breath 2022; 26:1265-1275. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End-Products (sRAGE) in Pediatric Asthma: A Prospective Study in 68 Children Aged 7 Years. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways common in children. Soluble advanced glycation end-product receptor (sRAGE) is a blood biomarker of lung damage and inflammation. We sought to determine whether it could also be a biomarker in childhood asthma. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study at Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital. We measured plasma sRAGE levels in asthmatic and healthy children aged 7 years. Results: Of the 68 children assessed, 15 (22.05%) presented asthma. All presented normal respiratory function. The mean plasma sRAGE level was 1875 pg/mL in the children with asthma and 1794 pg/mL in the healthy children (p = 0.525). The mean plasma sRAGE level was significantly decreased with tobacco exposure during pregnancy: 1478 pg/mL versus 1870 pg/mL without (p = 0.007). Lower levels were observed in children living in apartments (1557 pg/mL) than in those living in houses (1863 pg/mL) (p = 0.031). Conclusions: No difference was observed in plasma sRAGE levels in children with asthma in our well-treated and controlled population. Environmental exposure may affect these levels. Further studies are required to better characterize the role of sRAGE.
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Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Moreira A. Environmental inequality: Air pollution and asthma in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33. [PMID: 35754123 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether you benefit from high-quality urban environments, such as those rich in green and blue spaces, that may offer benefits to allergic and respiratory health depends on where you live and work. Environmental inequality, therefore, results from the unequal distribution of the risks and benefits that stem from interactions with our environment. METHODS Within this perspective, this article reviews the evidence for an association between air pollution caused by industrial activities, traffic, disinfection-by-products, and tobacco/e-cigarettes, and asthma in children. We also discuss the proposed mechanisms by which air pollution increases asthma risk, including environmental epigenetic regulations, oxidative stress, and damage, disrupted barrier integrity, inflammatory pathways, and enhancement of respiratory sensitization to aeroallergens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Environmental air pollution is a major determinant of childhood asthma, but the magnitude of effect is not shared equally across the population, regions, and settings where people live, work, and spend their time. Improvement of the exposure assessment, a better understanding of critical exposure time windows, underlying mechanisms, and drivers of heterogeneity may improve the risk estimates. Urban conditions and air quality are not only important features for national and local authorities to shape healthy cities and protect their citizens from environmental and health risks, but they also provide opportunities to mitigate inequalities in the most deprived areas where the environmental burden is highest. Actions to avoid exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants should be complementary at different levels-individual, local, and national levels-to take effective measures to protect children who have little or no control over the air they breathe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Abstract
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke remains common, through active smoking and/or passive environmental exposure, and is linked to adverse childhood outcomes. Not only have high-quality studies and meta-analyses demonstrated increased risks of prenatal as well as postnatal complications, but adverse child outcomes are well described. In utero exposure to tobacco smoke has been associated with congenital anomalies, infant and teenager overweight and obesity, and neuropsychiatric sequelae. In addition, certain childhood malignancies have been linked to paternal smoking during pregnancy. In this chapter, adverse childhood outcomes related to intrauterine exposure to electronic cigarettes and marijuana are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Maciag
- Asthma & Allergy Affiliates, Salem, MA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aroub Yousuf
- Boston College, Division of General Pediatrics, Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Boston, MA
| | - Marissa Hauptman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of General Pediatrics, Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Boston, MA
- Region 1 New England Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, Boston, MA
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19
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Wahn U, Lau S, Eigenmann P, Melen E, Krauss-Etschmann S, Lex C, Matricardi P, Schaub B, Halken S, Ege M, Jackson D, Hamelmann E, Szépfalusi Z, Garcia AN, von Mutius E. Early priming of asthma and respiratory allergies: Future aspects of prevention: A statement by the European Forum for Education and Research in Allergy and Airway Disease (EUFOREA) and the EAACI-Clemens von Pirquet Foundation. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13773. [PMID: 35470937 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to summarize recent research on the prevention of allergies-particularly asthma-and stimulate new activities for future initiatives, a virtual workshop sponsored by the EAACI Clemens von Pirquet foundation and EUFOREA was held in October 2021. The determinants of the "allergic march" as well as the key messages from intervention studies were reviewed by an international faculty of experts. Several unmet needs were identified, and a number of priorities for future studies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wahn
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Lau
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Eigenmann
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Erik Melen
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södershjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian Alberts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christiane Lex
- Department for Paediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paolo Matricardi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's University Hospital, LMU Munich-Member of the German Center for Lung Research-DZL-LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Halken
- Hans Cristian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus Ege
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's University Hospital, LMU Munich-Member of the German Center for Lung Research-DZL-LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Center Bethel, University Medicine, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Zsolt Szépfalusi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Comprehensive Center Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio N Garcia
- Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario La Fe., Valencia, Spain
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's University Hospital, LMU Munich-Member of the German Center for Lung Research-DZL-LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Jenkins CR, Boulet LP, Lavoie KL, Raherison-Semjen C, Singh D. Personalized Treatment of Asthma: The Importance of Sex and Gender Differences. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:963-971.e3. [PMID: 35150902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An individual's sex (nominally male or female, based on biological attributes) and gender (a complex term referring to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and expressions of identity) influence the clinical course of asthma in several ways. The physiologic development of the lungs and effects of sex hormones may explain why more boys than girls have asthma, and after puberty, more women than men have asthma. Female sex hormones have an impact throughout the life span and are associated with poor asthma control. Gender may influence exposure to asthma triggers, and sex and gender can influence the prevalence of comorbidities and interactions with health care professionals. Despite widely reported sex- and gender-based differences in asthma and asthma management, these issues frequently are not considered by health care professionals. There is also inconsistency regarding the use of "sex" and "gender" in scientific discourse; research is needed to define sex- and gender-based differences better and how they might interact to influence asthma outcomes. This review outlines the impact an individual's sex and gender can have on the pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment, and management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim L Lavoie
- Department of Psychology, University of Québec at Montreal and Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chantal Raherison-Semjen
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, France; INSERM U1219, EpiCene Team, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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21
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Time-Specific Factors Influencing the Development of Asthma in Children. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040758. [PMID: 35453508 PMCID: PMC9025817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to asthma is complex and heterogeneous, as it involves both genetic and environmental insults (pre- and post-birth) acting in a critical window of development in early life. According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, several factors, both harmful and protective, such as nutrition, diseases, drugs, microbiome, and stressors, interact with genotypic variation to change the capacity of the organism to successfully adapt and grow in later life. In this review, we aim to provide the latest evidence about predictive risk and protective factors for developing asthma in different stages of life, from the fetal period to adolescence, in order to develop strategic preventive and therapeutic interventions to predict and improve health later in life. Our study shows that for some risk factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke, environmental pollutants, and family history of asthma, the evidence in favor of a strong association of those factors with the development of asthma is solid and widely shared. Similarly, the clear benefits of some protective factors were shown, providing new insights into primary prevention. On the contrary, further longitudinal studies are required, as some points in the literature remain controversial and a source of debate.
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22
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Sunde RB, Thorsen J, Pedersen CET, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Chawes B, Bisgaard H. Prenatal tobacco exposure and risk of asthma and allergy outcomes in childhood. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2100453. [PMID: 34244319 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00453-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harmful effects of prenatal tobacco exposure and possible interaction with 17q12-21 genetic variants have been shown for some asthma outcomes in childhood, whereas findings related to allergy outcomes are more inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the effect of prenatal tobacco exposure and relation to 17q12-21 genotype on a wide array of asthma and allergy-related outcomes in early childhood. METHODS Prenatal tobacco exposure was determined by maternal smoking during the third trimester (yes/no) in 411 children from the phenotyped Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2000 (COPSAC2000) birth cohort with clinical follow-up to age 7 years. The rs7216389 single nucleotide polymorphism was used as main representative of the 17q12-21 locus. Asthma end-points included asthma diagnosis, exacerbations, episodes with troublesome lung symptoms and lower respiratory tract infections, spirometry, plethysmography, bronchial responsiveness to methacholine, exercise and cold dry air. Allergy-related endpoints included aeroallergen sensitisation, allergic rhinitis, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, blood eosinophil count and urine eosinophil protein X levels. Statistical analyses were done using Cox regression, linear regression, logistic regression and quasi-Poisson regression. RESULTS Prenatal tobacco exposure increased the risk of asthma (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.05, 95% CI 1.13-3.73; p=0.02), exacerbations (aHR 3.76, 95% CI 2.05-6.91; p<0.001), number of LRTIs (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.34-2.55; p<0.001), and was associated with decreased spirometry indices (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) adjusted mean difference (aMD) -0.07 L, 95% CI -0.13- -0.005 L, p=0.03; maximal mid-expiratory flow aMD -0.19 L·s-1, -0.34- -0.04 L·s-1, p=0.01) and increased bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% drop in FEV1 adjusted geometric mean ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.31-0.96; p=0.04). In contrast, there was no association with any allergy-related end-points. The effect on asthma depended on 17q12-21 genotype with an increased risk only among children without risk alleles. CONCLUSION Prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with asthma dependent on 17q12-21 genotype and with exacerbations, lung function and bronchial responsiveness, but not with any allergy-related outcomes. This suggests that tobacco exposure in utero leads to adverse lung developmental/structural effects rather than susceptibility to develop allergy and type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Bjersand Sunde
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept of Pediatrics, Slagelse Sygehus, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Thorsen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper-Emil Tingskov Pedersen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept of Pediatrics, Slagelse Sygehus, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Ghio AJ, Pavlisko EN, Roggli VL, Todd NW, Sangani RG. Cigarette Smoke Particle-Induced Lung Injury and Iron Homeostasis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:117-140. [PMID: 35046648 PMCID: PMC8763205 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s337354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is proposed that the mechanistic basis for non-neoplastic lung injury with cigarette smoking is a disruption of iron homeostasis in cells after exposure to cigarette smoke particle (CSP). Following the complexation and sequestration of intracellular iron by CSP, the host response (eg, inflammation, mucus production, and fibrosis) attempts to reverse a functional metal deficiency. Clinical manifestations of this response can present as respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. If the response is unsuccessful, the functional deficiency of iron progresses to irreversible cell death evident in emphysema and bronchiectasis. The subsequent clinical and pathological presentation is a continuum of lung injuries, which overlap and coexist with one another. Designating these non-neoplastic lung injuries after smoking as distinct disease processes fails to recognize shared relationships to each other and ultimately to CSP, as well as the common mechanistic pathway (ie, disruption of iron homeostasis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- Human Studies Facility, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Correspondence: Andrew J Ghio Human Studies Facility, US Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Email
| | | | | | - Nevins W Todd
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rahul G Sangani
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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24
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Pirner C, Korbely C, Heinze S, Huß J, Summer B, Oppel E, Nowak D, Herr C, Kutzora S. Atopic diseases and airway-related symptoms in Bavarian children before starting primary school: Time trend analyses. Respir Med 2021; 191:106707. [PMID: 34894592 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After decades of rising prevalence of atopic and airway-related diseases, studies showed stagnating prevalence in western industrialised countries. Objective of this study is to analyse the time trend of prevalence of atopic diseases and airway-related symptoms among Bavarian children before starting primary school. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five cross-sectional studies from 2004/2005, 2006/2007, 2012/2013, 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 took place in urban and rural regions in Bavaria, Germany. Using standardized parent questionnaires children's atopic diseases and airway-related symptoms were surveyed. Logistic regression analysis (Bonferroni correction: adjusted significance level 0.005) was performed to analyse prevalence of symptoms and diseases from 2004 to 2017 for time trends. RESULTS The surveys included 27384 Bavarian children aged 5-6 years (52.6% male). In all children the calculated 12-month prevalence of symptoms '≥four episodes of wheeze' (p-value = .0880) and 'rhinoconjunctivitis' (p-value = .3994) reported by parents stagnated, whereas 'wheeze' (p-value<.0001; OR = 0.97; CI = [0.96-0.98]) and 'rhinitis' (p-value = .0007; OR = 0.98; CI = [0.97-0.99]) decreased. In all children the calculated lifetime prevalence of physician-diagnosed 'asthma' (p-value = .5337), and 'hay fever' (p-value = .8206) stagnated, whereas of 'bronchitis' (p-value<.0001; OR = 0.98; CI = [0.98-0.99]) decreased over time. The calculated lifetime prevalence of physician-diagnosed 'atopic eczema' (p-value = .0002; OR = 0.98; CI = [0.97-0.99]) decreased in all children, whereas the calculated 12-month prevalence of the symptom 'itchy rash' increased (p-value = .0033; OR = 1.07; CI = [1.05-1.08]) over time. CONCLUSIONS Several calculated prevalence of children's atopic diseases and airway-related symptoms reported by parents stagnated in a subgroup of Bavarian children before starting primary school between 2004 and 2017. The time trend of prevalence in 'wheeze', 'rhinitis' and 'bronchitis' decreased. Prevalence of 'atopic eczema' decreased over time, whereas 'itchy rash' increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pirner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany; Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany; Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstraße 3, 80538, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christine Korbely
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstraße 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heinze
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstraße 3, 80538, Munich, Germany; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Huß
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstraße 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Summer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Oppel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Herr
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstraße 3, 80538, Munich, Germany; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kutzora
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstraße 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
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25
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Association between Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Asthma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235639. [PMID: 34884340 PMCID: PMC8658649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Among the determinants contributing to the pathogenesis of asthma, antioxidant genetic factors play a leading role. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme that is competent to detoxify free radicals. Although a relationship between G6PD deficiency and asthma has been previously reported, the literature is still scanty. In this study, we test this hypothesis in a large cohort of patients from Sardinia, Italy. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was performed using data from 11,829 clinical records of outpatients referred to a teaching hospital for a medical visit. In total, 455 cases (asthma-positive) and 11,374 controls (asthma-negative) were compared for G6PD status using multivariable analysis, adjusting for all covariates. Results: Overall, G6PD deficiency was detected in 11.2% of study participants and was associated with an increased risk of asthma (odds ratio (OR) 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–2.10). Additional variables significantly associated with asthma were female sex (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.34–2.06), overweight/obesity (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.27–1.92), smoking (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.449–3.963), and high socioeconomic status (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.16–1.70), whereas age was inversely related with asthma (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.39–0.61). Conclusions: Our study shows that G6PD deficiency is an independent risk for asthma. These findings suggest that G6PD should be assessed in asthmatic patients for better risk stratification.
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26
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Liang Y, Mak JCW. Inhaled Therapies for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1469-1481. [PMID: 33243107 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201126144057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are obstructive lung diseases which are characterized by chronic inflammation and an increase in mucus production, and are highly prevalent conditions. Despite recent advances and multiple available therapies, there remains a significant unmet medical need. Over the past 40 years, the introduction of new classes of safe and effective therapy is insufficient. In spite of the high burden of asthma and COPD among patients, there are fewer new approved therapies in comparison to cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases due to few drug candidates and a higher failure rate in the development of respiratory medicine. Lung diseases are amongst the leading causes of death globally with asthma being one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases, which affects people of all ages but, despite effective therapies available, many patients are poorly controlled and have a low quality of life. COPD is currently ranked as the fourth cause of death worldwide and predicted to become the third leading cause of death in 2030. The development of more effective treatments is urgently needed in order to reduce the high mortality rate and the enormous suffering from asthma and COPD. Various inhalation devices with different classes of medications are the foundation as therapies in both asthma and COPD. This article gives a comprehensive review of the promising inhaled therapies in the treatment of asthma and COPD. However, the lack of disease control in asthma and COPD patients may be due to numerous reasons. The association between non-adherence to guidelines on the part of the health care provider and poor inhalation technique and/or non-adherence to the prescribed treatment plan by the patients is common. It is therefore essential to discuss the different delivery systems and the methods used in asthma and COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Insights into allergic risk factors from birth cohort studies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 127:312-317. [PMID: 33971362 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present an update of birth cohort study designs and their contributions to allergic risk. DATA SOURCES The PubMed database was used to search for relevant articles. STUDY SELECTIONS Peer-reviewed prospective and retrospective studies involving the assessment of allergy using human birth cohorts between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated. RESULTS Parental history of allergic diseases, especially in cases involving both parents, is associated with increased risk of allergy. Exposure to prenatal and postnatal smoking and limited diet diversity were associated with increased allergic burden. The impact of early-life infections and antibiotics on disease development may be associated with the onset of asthma, though this remains debated. Cohort studies also revealed that the mode of delivery and breastfeeding duration affect the odds ratio of asthma and eczema development. Household exposures, including pets, house dust mites, and scented aeroallergens may confer protective effects, whereas high air pollution exposure and low socioeconomic status may be risk enhancing. Exposure to antibiotics during early life may be associated with increased asthma risk, whereas viral infections may lead to disease protection, though the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on allergic risk is yet to be understood. CONCLUSION Although evaluating the risk of allergic disease development is complex, clinicians can apply these insights on the multifactorial nature of atopy to better understand and potentially mitigate disease development.
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28
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Schiliro M, Vogel ER, Paolini L, Pabelick CM. Cigarette Smoke Exposure, Pediatric Lung Disease, and COVID-19. Front Physiol 2021; 12:652198. [PMID: 33986692 PMCID: PMC8110920 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.652198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of tobacco exposure on children's health are well known. Nonetheless, the prevalence of secondhand or direct cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) in the pediatric population has not significantly decreased over time. On the contrary, the rapid incline in use of e-cigarettes among adolescents has evoked public health concerns since increasing cases of vaping-induced acute lung injury have highlighted the potential harm of these new "smoking" devices. Two pediatric populations are especially vulnerable to the detrimental effects of cigarette smoke. The first group is former premature infants whose risk is elevated both due to their prematurity as well as other risk factors such as oxygen and mechanical ventilation to which they are disproportionately exposed. The second group is children and adolescents with chronic respiratory diseases, in particular asthma and other wheezing disorders. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a spectrum of diseases caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has spread worldwide over the last year. Here, respiratory symptoms ranging from mild to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are at the forefront of COVID-19 cases among adults, and cigarette smoking is associated with worse outcomes in this population, and cigarette smoking is associated with worse outcomes in this population. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 infection affects children differently in regard to infection susceptibility, disease manifestations, and complications. Although children carry and transmit the virus, the likelihood of symptomatic infection is low, and the rates of hospitalization and death are even lower when compared to the adult population. However, multisystem inflammatory syndrome is recognized as a serious consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population. In addition, recent data demonstrate specific clinical patterns in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 who develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome vs. severe COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the pulmonary effects of CSE in vulnerable pediatric populations in the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Schiliro
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Vogel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lucia Paolini
- Department of Pediatric, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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29
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García-Serna AM, Martín-Orozco E, Hernández-Caselles T, Morales E. Prenatal and Perinatal Environmental Influences Shaping the Neonatal Immune System: A Focus on Asthma and Allergy Origins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083962. [PMID: 33918723 PMCID: PMC8069583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is suggested that programming of the immune system starts before birth and is shaped by environmental influences acting during critical windows of susceptibility for human development. Prenatal and perinatal exposure to physiological, biological, physical, or chemical factors can trigger permanent, irreversible changes to the developing immune system, which may be reflected in cord blood of neonates. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence on the role of the prenatal and perinatal environment, including season of birth, mode of delivery, exposure to common allergens, a farming environment, pet ownership, and exposure to tobacco smoking and pollutants, in shaping the immune cell populations and cytokines at birth in humans. We also discuss how reported disruptions in the immune system at birth might contribute to the development of asthma and related allergic manifestations later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara María García-Serna
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.G.-S.); (E.M.-O.); (T.H.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-Orozco
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.G.-S.); (E.M.-O.); (T.H.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Hernández-Caselles
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.G.-S.); (E.M.-O.); (T.H.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Morales
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.G.-S.); (E.M.-O.); (T.H.-C.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868883691
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Eguiluz‐Gracia I, Mathioudakis AG, Bartel S, Vijverberg SJH, Fuertes E, Comberiati P, Cai YS, Tomazic PV, Diamant Z, Vestbo J, Galan C, Hoffmann B. The need for clean air: The way air pollution and climate change affect allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:2170-2184. [PMID: 31916265 DOI: 10.1111/all.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change have a significant impact on human health and well-being and contribute to the onset and aggravation of allergic rhinitis and asthma among other chronic respiratory diseases. In Westernized countries, households have experienced a process of increasing insulation and individuals tend to spend most of their time indoors. These sequelae implicate a high exposure to indoor allergens (house dust mites, pets, molds, etc), tobacco smoke, and other pollutants, which have an impact on respiratory health. Outdoor air pollution derived from traffic and other human activities not only has a direct negative effect on human health but also enhances the allergenicity of some plants and contributes to global warming. Climate change modifies the availability and distribution of plant- and fungal-derived allergens and increases the frequency of extreme climate events. This review summarizes the effects of indoor air pollution, outdoor air pollution, and subsequent climate change on asthma and allergic rhinitis in children and adults and addresses the policy adjustments and lifestyle changes required to mitigate their deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia
- Allergy Unit IBIMA‐Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga‐UMA Malaga Spain
| | - Alexander G. Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine School of Biological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre UK
- North West Lung Centre Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Southmoor Road Manchester UK
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Member of the German Research Center for Lung Research (DZL) Borstel Germany
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen GRIAC Research Institute University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Susanne J. H. Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elaine Fuertes
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Section of Paediatrics Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology Sechenov University Moscow Russia
| | - Yutong Samuel Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics MRC Centre for Environment and Health School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK
- The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Peter Valentin Tomazic
- Department of General ORL, Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology Institute for Clinical Science Skane University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine School of Biological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre UK
- North West Lung Centre Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Southmoor Road Manchester UK
| | - Carmen Galan
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood (ceiA3) University of Córdoba Córdoba Spain
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Medical Faculty University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
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31
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Torchin H, Le Lous M, Houdouin V. [In Utero Exposure to Maternal Smoking: Impact on the Child from Birth to Adulthood - CNGOF-SFT Expert Report and Guidelines for Smoking Management during Pregnancy]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2020; 48:567-577. [PMID: 32247092 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking during pregnancy leads to fetal passive smoking. It is associated with several obstetrical complications and is a major modifiable factor of maternal and fetal morbidity. Long-term consequences also exist but are less well known to health professionals and in the general population. METHODS Consultation of the Medline® database. RESULTS Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated in the offspring with sudden infant death syndrome (NP2), impaired lung function (NP2), lower respiratory infections and asthma (NP2), overweight and obesity (NP2), cancers (NP3), risk of tobacco use, nicotine dependence and early smoking initiation (NP2). Unadjusted analyses show associations between in utero tobacco exposure and cognitive deficits (NP3), impaired school performance (NP3) and behavioral disorders in children (NP2), which are in a large part explained by environmental factors. There is a cross-generational effect of smoking during pregnancy. For example, an increased risk of asthma is observed in the grandchildren of smoking women (NP4). The respective roles of ante- and post-natal smoking remain difficult to assess. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of prevention measures against tobacco use in the general population, as well as screening measures and support for smoking cessation before or at the beginning of the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Torchin
- Service de médecine et réanimation néonatales de Port-Royal, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Centre de recherche épidémiologie et statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm, INRA, université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - M Le Lous
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; LTSI-Inserm, université de Rennes 1, UMR 1099, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - V Houdouin
- Service de pneumologie, allergologie et CRCM pédiatrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Inserm UMR S 976, immunologie humaine, physiologie et immunothérapie, faculté Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
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Zazara DE, Wegmann M, Giannou AD, Hierweger AM, Alawi M, Thiele K, Huber S, Pincus M, Muntau AC, Solano ME, Arck PC. A prenatally disrupted airway epithelium orchestrates the fetal origin of asthma in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1641-1654. [PMID: 32305348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal challenges such as maternal stress perception increase the risk and severity of asthma during childhood. However, insights into the trajectories and targets underlying the pathogenesis of prenatally triggered asthma are largely unknown. The developing lung and immune system may constitute such targets. OBJECTIVE Here we have aimed to identify the differential sex-specific effects of prenatal challenges on lung function, immune response, and asthma severity in mice. METHODS We generated bone marrow chimeric (BMC) mice harboring either prenatally stress-exposed lungs or a prenatally stress-exposed immune (hematopoietic) system and induced allergic asthma via ovalbumin. Next-generation sequencing (RNA sequencing) of lungs and assessment of airway epithelial barrier function in ovalbumin-sensitized control and prenatally stressed offspring was also performed. RESULTS Profoundly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and fibrosis were exclusively present in female BMC mice with prenatally stress-exposed lungs. These effects were significantly perpetuated if both the lungs and the immune system had been exposed to prenatal stress. A prenatally stress-exposed immune system alone did not suffice to increase the severity of these asthma features. RNA sequencing analysis of lungs from prenatally stressed, non-BMC, ovalbumin-sensitized females unveiled a deregulated expression of genes involved in asthma pathogenesis, tissue remodeling, and tight junction formation. It was also possible to independently confirm a tight junction disruption. In line with this, we identified an altered perinatal and/or postnatal expression of genes involved in lung development along with an impaired alveolarization in female prenatally stressed mice. CONCLUSION Here we have shown that the fetal origin of asthma is orchestrated by a disrupted airway epithelium and further perpetuated by a predisposed immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra E Zazara
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Maximiliane Hierweger
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Immunology, Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Thiele
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Pincus
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Pneumology Practice, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ania C Muntau
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Lundholm C, Gunnerbeck A, D'Onofrio BM, Larsson H, Pershagen G, Almqvist C. Smoking and snuff use in pregnancy and the risk of asthma and wheeze in pre-schoolchildren-A population-based register study. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:597-608. [PMID: 32149429 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between tobacco smoking during pregnancy and offspring asthma have been observed, but the role of nicotine and familial factors remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between tobacco use in pregnancy, both smoking and Swedish oral moist snuff, and asthma/wheeze in the offspring, how it varies by the child's age and explore the influence of measured and unmeasured familial confounding. METHODS Register-based cohort study with sibling comparisons. The cohort included 788 508 children, born in Sweden 2005-2012 with information on maternal tobacco use in pregnancy, followed until December 2015. Asthma was based on a validated algorithm using asthma diagnoses from hospital visits and prescribed asthma drugs from nation-wide registers, both as incident asthma/wheeze in age 0-8 years and current asthma at ages 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years. RESULTS For smoking during pregnancy (SDP), we saw a pattern with higher hazard ratios for asthma/wheeze around ages 5 and 18 months. Snuff did not show the same pattern. For current asthma, we saw the strongest association at age 2 years (adjOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.17-1.28), for snuff it was weaker (adjOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.96-1.18). When using sibling controls, the estimates for SDP were clearly attenuated, albeit with wide confidence intervals. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We saw an association between SDP and asthma at early age. The association with snuff was clearly weaker. The associations with SDP were attenuated when adjusting for measured and unmeasured familial factors shared by siblings. Based on those results, nicotine seems to have a limited role in the association between SDP and asthma; rather environmental tobacco smoke and other familial factors seem to explain observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Lundholm
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Gunnerbeck
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M D'Onofrio
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lung and Allergy Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang B, Chen H, Chan YL, Wang G, Oliver BG. Why Do Intrauterine Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Increase the Risk of Asthma? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:38. [PMID: 32117969 PMCID: PMC7012803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing worldwide and increased in utero exposure to environmental toxicants may play a major role. As current asthma treatments are not curative, understanding the mechanisms underlying the etiology of asthma will allow better preventative strategies to be developed. This review focuses on the current understanding of how in utero exposure to environmental factors increases the risk of developing asthma in children. Epidemiological studies show that maternal smoking and particulate matter exposure during pregnancy are prominent risk factors for the development of childhood asthma. We discuss the changes in the developing fetus due to reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery affected by intrauterine environmental change. This leads to fetal underdevelopment and abnormal lung structure. Concurrently an altered immune response and aberrant epithelial and mesenchymal cellular function occur possibly due to epigenetic reprograming. The sequelae of these early life events are airway remodeling, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation, the hallmark features of asthma. In summary, exposure to inhaled oxidants such as cigarette smoking or particulate matter increases the risk of childhood asthma and involves multiple mechanisms including impaired fetal lung development (structural changes), endocrine disorders, abnormal immune responses, and epigenetic modifications. These make it challenging to reduce the risk of asthma, but knowledge of the mechanisms can still help to develop personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Arrais M, Lulua O, Quifica F, Rosado-Pinto J, Gama J, Taborda-Barata L. Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in 6-7-year-old schoolchildren from Luanda, Angola. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:523-534. [PMID: 30745247 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data have shown that the prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children is still increasing, namely in Africa. However, there are no epidemiological studies on asthma or allergic diseases in Angolan children. OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases in Angolan children. METHODS Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, using the ISAAC study methodology, in the province of Luanda, Angola in 6-7-year-old children. Forty-six (8.3%) public schools were randomly selected. Data were analysed using the SPSS Statistics version 24.0 software. RESULTS A total of 3080 children were studied. Results showed that the prevalence of asthma (wheezing in the previous 12 months) was 15.8%, that of rhinitis (sneezing, runny or blocked nose in the previous 12 months) was 19%, and that of eczema (itchy skin lesions in the previous 12 months) was 22%, without differences between sexes. Rhinitis was associated with a higher number of episodes of wheezing episodes, disturbed sleep and night cough, in children with asthma. Rhinitis, eczema, Split-type air conditioning system, antibiotic intake in the child's first year of life, frequent intake (more than once per month) of paracetamol and active maternal smoking were associated with a higher risk of having asthma, whereas electrical cooking was associated with a protective effect. CONCLUSION Asthma and allergic diseases are highly prevalent in children from Luanda. A strategy for preventive and control measures should be implemented.
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Raherison-Semjen C. [Vulnerability of women to tobacco: The broncho-pulmonary consequences (asthma, COPD)]. Rev Mal Respir 2019; 36:1032-1037. [PMID: 31540739 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smoking remains common, with an exposure that begins early during pregnancy. It induces epigenetic changes, with a trans-generational transmission. Smoking increases the risk of uncontrolled asthma during childhood and adult life. Asthma is also associated with increased risk of a decline of lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Women are more at risk of developing early and severe COPD. The mechanisms are currently poorly known.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Raherison-Semjen
- Inserm, pôle cardiothoracique, service des maladies respiratoires, U1219 BPH Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, avenue Magellan, 33604 Pessac, France.
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37
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Napierala M, Merritt TA, Miechowicz I, Mielnik K, Mazela J, Florek E. The effect of maternal tobacco smoking and second-hand tobacco smoke exposure on human milk oxidant-antioxidant status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:110-121. [PMID: 30579160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many women who smoke tobacco continue to do so during lactation, and many non-smoking women are exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) during the period that she wishes to breastfeed. There are reports documenting the adverse effects of maternal smoking during lactation on their infant's health; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these effects are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES Our study purpose was to examine the influence of tobacco smoke on biochemical markers reflecting the intensity of oxidative stress using concentration of total protein (TP), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in the plasma, colostrum, and mature milk of women who smoke, those only exposed to SHS, and non-smokers. METHODS Questionnaire data on the tobacco smoking status were verified based on the determination of cotinine by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Relevant markers of oxidative stress and biochemical parameters were determined using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS We found that tobacco smoking during lactation increases oxidative stress in the mother's plasma, colostrum, and mature milk, and lesser so in those exposed to SHS. Tobacco smoke significantly increase TBARS and decrease TEAC in colostrum and mature milk. In response to ROS generated by tobacco smoke increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST, GPx and CAT), p < 0.05. DISCUSSION Such exposure to tobacco smoke influences the antioxidant barrier of human colostrum and mature milk that can adversely affect their infant's health. Greater public health awareness of the adverse effects of tobacco smoking during lactation on breast milk quality and its protective effects is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Napierala
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Thurman Allen Merritt
- Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Izabela Miechowicz
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 79 Dabrowskiego Street, 60-529 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mielnik
- Department of Newborns' Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Mazela
- Department of Newborns' Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland.
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Benet M, Albang R, Pinart M, Hohmann C, Tischer CG, Annesi-Maesano I, Baïz N, Bindslev-Jensen C, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Carlsen KH, Cirugeda L, Eller E, Fantini MP, Gehring U, Gerhard B, Gori D, Hallner E, Kull I, Lenzi J, McEachan R, Minina E, Momas I, Narduzzi S, Petherick ES, Porta D, Rancière F, Standl M, Torrent M, Wijga AH, Wright J, Kogevinas M, Guerra S, Sunyer J, Keil T, Bousquet J, Maier D, Anto JM, Garcia-Aymerich J. Integrating Clinical and Epidemiologic Data on Allergic Diseases Across Birth Cohorts: A Harmonization Study in the Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy Project. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:408-417. [PMID: 30351340 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The numbers of international collaborations among birth cohort studies designed to better understand asthma and allergies have increased in the last several years. However, differences in definitions and methods preclude direct pooling of original data on individual participants. As part of the Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy (MeDALL) Project, we harmonized data from 14 birth cohort studies (each with 3-20 follow-up periods) carried out in 9 European countries during 1990-1998 or 2003-2009. The harmonization process followed 6 steps: 1) organization of the harmonization panel; 2) identification of variables relevant to MeDALL objectives (candidate variables); 3) proposal of a definition for each candidate variable (reference definition); 4) assessment of the compatibility of each cohort variable with its reference definition (inferential equivalence) and classification of this inferential equivalence as complete, partial, or impossible; 5) convocation of a workshop to agree on the reference definitions and classifications of inferential equivalence; and 6) preparation and delivery of data through a knowledge management portal. We agreed on 137 reference definitions. The inferential equivalence of 3,551 cohort variables to their corresponding reference definitions was classified as complete, partial, and impossible for 70%, 15%, and 15% of the variables, respectively. A harmonized database was delivered to MeDALL investigators. In asthma and allergy birth cohorts, the harmonization of data for pooled analyses is feasible, and high inferential comparability may be achieved. The MeDALL harmonization approach can be used in other collaborative projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Benet
- ISGlobal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariona Pinart
- ISGlobal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia Hohmann
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina G Tischer
- ISGlobal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Saint-Antoine Medical School, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Nour Baïz
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Saint-Antoine Medical School, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Bindslev-Jensen
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai-Hakon Carlsen
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lourdes Cirugeda
- ISGlobal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esben Eller
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva Hallner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, South General Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Isabelle Momas
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 4064 Epidémiologie Environnementale, Paris, France
- Mairie de Paris, Direction de l’Action Sociale de l’Enfance et de la Santé, Cellule Cohorte, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Narduzzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily S Petherick
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Porta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Rancière
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 4064 Epidémiologie Environnementale, Paris, France
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maties Torrent
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Salut de les Illes Balears, Area de Salut de Menorca, Spain
| | - Alet H Wijga
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefano Guerra
- ISGlobal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif en France, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1168
| | | | - Josep M Anto
- ISGlobal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in outdoor air have long been suspected of causing the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, a variety of systematic reviews have reached different conclusions in the last 15 years on whether these air pollutants do in actual fact play a causal role in the onset of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema.
Methods
Based on published systematic reviews and the most recent publications, the current state of knowledge on epidemiological evidence is presented and the potential for primary prevention of these allergic diseases by reducing or avoiding exposure to these air pollutants evaluated.
Results
Despite conducting an extensive literature search, analyzing the most recent results, and focusing on the birth cohort studies most relevant to the question in hand, epidemiological results do not adequately support the concept of a causal relationship between the two air pollutants in question, PM2.5 and NO2, and asthma. Epidemiological studies predominantly show no effect of these air pollutants on allergic sensitization and the onset of allergic rhinitis. The small number of studies that have investigated the link between air pollutants and eczema largely revealed there to be no link.
Conclusion
If the evidence for the causal role of air pollutants in the onset of allergies is inconclusive, one must assume that it is probably not possible to achieve primary prevention of allergies by improving air quality. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that air pollutants can trigger exacerbations of allergic diseases. This alone justifies ensuring that the existing threshold values for air pollutants are adhered to, in order to protect particularly allergy sufferers from health impairments.
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Wynne O, Bonevski B. Developments in the Research Base on Reducing Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091873. [PMID: 30200190 PMCID: PMC6164103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wynne
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Billie Bonevski
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
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