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Hernandez R, Li X, Shi J, Dave TR, Zhou T, Chen Q, Zhou C. Paternal hypercholesterolemia elicits sex-specific exacerbation of atherosclerosis in offspring. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179291. [PMID: 39253968 PMCID: PMC11385100 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies suggest that various parental exposures affect offspring cardiovascular health, yet the specific mechanisms, particularly the influence of paternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors on offspring cardiovascular health, remain elusive. The present study explores how paternal hypercholesterolemia affects offspring atherosclerosis development using the LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mouse model. We found that paternal high-cholesterol diet feeding led to significantly increased atherosclerosis in F1 female, but not male, LDLR-/- offspring. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted that paternal hypercholesterolemia stimulated proatherogenic genes, including Ccn1 and Ccn2, in the intima of female offspring. Sperm small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), particularly transfer RNA-derived (tRNA-derived) small RNAs (tsRNAs) and rRNA-derived small RNAs (rsRNAs), contribute to the intergenerational transmission of paternally acquired metabolic phenotypes. Using a newly developed PANDORA-Seq method, we identified that high-cholesterol feeding elicited changes in sperm tsRNA/rsRNA profiles that were undetectable by traditional RNA-Seq, and these altered sperm sncRNAs were potentially key factors mediating paternal hypercholesterolemia-elicited atherogenesis in offspring. Interestingly, high-cholesterol feeding altered sncRNA biogenesis-related gene expression in the epididymis but not testis of LDLR-/- sires; this may have led to the modified sperm sncRNA landscape. Our results underscore the sex-specific intergenerational effect of paternal hypercholesterolemia on offspring cardiovascular health and contribute to the understanding of chronic disease etiology originating from parental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tejasvi R Dave
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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2
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Wang X, Xu M, Shi M, Tian Y, Zhi Y, Han X, Sui H, Wan Y, Jia X, Yang H. Macrophage polarization as a novel endpoint for assessing combined risk of phthalate esters. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108835. [PMID: 38908276 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Combined exposure to phthalate esters (PAEs) has garnered increasing attention due to potential synergistic effects on human health. This study aimed to develop an in vitro model using human macrophages to evaluate the combined toxicity of PAEs and explore the underlying mechanisms. A high-throughput screening system was engineered by expressing a PPRE-eGFP reporter in THP-1 monocytes to monitor macrophage polarization upon PAEs exposure. Individual PAEs exhibited varied inhibitory effects on M2 macrophage polarization, with mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) being the most potent. Isobologram analysis revealed additive interactions when MEHP was combined with other PAEs, resulting in more pronounced suppression of M2 markers compared to individual compounds. Mechanistic studies suggested PAEs may exert effects by modulating PPARγ activity to inhibit M2 polarization. Notably, an equimolar mixture of six PAEs showed additive inhibition of M2 markers. In vivo experiments corroborated the combined hepatotoxic effects, with mice exposed to a PAEs mixture exhibiting reduced liver weight, dyslipidemia, and decreased hepatic M2 macrophages compared to DEHP alone. Transcriptome analysis highlighted disruptions in PPAR signaling, and distinct pathway alterations on cholesterol metabolism in the mixture group. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of evaluating mixture effects and provide a novel approach for hazard assessment of combined PAEs exposure with implications for environmental health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Peking Union Medical College, Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Chengdu, China
| | - Miaoying Shi
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Peking Union Medical College, Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Tian
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhi
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Han
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Sui
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Peking Union Medical College, Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Yan Z, Qin G, Shi X, Jiang X, Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Nan N, Cao F, Qiu X, Sang N. Multilevel Screening Strategy to Identify the Hydrophobic Organic Components of Ambient PM 2.5 Associated with Hepatocellular Steatosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10458-10469. [PMID: 38836430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is the first step in a series of events that drives hepatic disease and has been considerably associated with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Although the chemical constituents of particles matter in the negative health effects, the specific components of PM2.5 that trigger hepatic steatosis remain unclear. New strategies prioritizing the identification of the key components with the highest potential to cause adverse effects among the numerous components of PM2.5 are needed. Herein, we established a high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) data set comprising the hydrophobic organic components corresponding to 67 PM2.5 samples in total from Taiyuan and Guangzhou, two representative cities in North and South China, respectively. The lipid accumulation bioeffect profiles of the above samples were also obtained. Considerable hepatocyte lipid accumulation was observed in most PM2.5 extracts. Subsequently, 40 of 695 components were initially screened through machine learning-assisted data filtering based on an integrated bioassay with MS data. Next, nine compounds were further selected as candidates contributing to hepatocellular steatosis based on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion evaluation and molecular dockingin silico. Finally, seven components were confirmed in vitro. This study provided a multilevel screening strategy for key active components in PM2.5 and provided insight into the hydrophobic PM2.5 components that induce hepatocellular steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guohua Qin
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xing Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Nan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Fuyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
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4
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Brown C, Kariuki W, Zhong HA, Kippes A, Sui Y. Cannabidiol promotes intestinal cholesterol uptake mediated by Pregnane X receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1398462. [PMID: 38957441 PMCID: PMC11217338 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1398462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid of cannabis, is therapeutically used as an analgesic, anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-psychotic drug. There is a growing concern about the adverse side effects posed by CBD usage. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor activated by a variety of dietary steroids, pharmaceutical agents, and environmental chemicals. In addition to the role in xenobiotic metabolism, the atherogenic and dyslipidemic effects of PXR have been revealed in animal models. CBD has a low affinity for cannabinoid receptors, thus it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CBD activates cellular signaling and to assess the possible adverse impacts of CBD on pro-atherosclerotic events in cardiovascular system, such as dyslipidemia. Objective Our study aims to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which exposure to CBD activates human PXR and increases the risk of dyslipidemia. Methods Both human hepatic and intestinal cells were used to test if CBD was a PXR agonist via cell-based transfection assay. The key residues within PXR's ligand-binding pocket that CBD interacted with were investigated using computational docking study together with site-directed mutagenesis assay. The C57BL/6 wildtype mice were orally fed CBD in the presence of PXR antagonist resveratrol (RES) to determine how CBD exposure could change the plasma lipid profiles in a PXR-dependent manner. Human intestinal cells were treated with CBD and/or RES to estimate the functions of CBD in cholesterol uptake. Results CBD was a selective agonist of PXR with higher activities on human PXR than rodents PXRs and promoted the dissociation of human PXR from nuclear co-repressors. The key amino acid residues Met246, Ser247, Phe251, Phe288, Trp299, and Tyr306 within PXR's ligand binding pocket were identified to be necessary for the agonistic effects of CBD. Exposure to CBD increased the circulating total cholesterol levels in mice which was partially caused by the induced expression levels of the key intestinal PXR-regulated lipogenic genes. Mechanistically, CBD induced the gene expression of key intestinal cholesterol transporters, which led to the increased cholesterol uptake by intestinal cells. Conclusion CBD was identified as a selective PXR agonist. Exposure to CBD activated PXR signaling and increased the atherogenic cholesterol levels in plasma, which partially resulted from the ascended cholesterol uptake by intestinal cells. Our study provides potential evidence for the future risk assessment of CBD on cardiovascular disease, such as dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States
| | - Wangeci Kariuki
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States
| | - Haizhen A. Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Audra Kippes
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States
| | - Yipeng Sui
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States
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5
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Li Y, Shi P, Yao K, Lin Q, Wang M, Hou Z, Tang W, Diao H. Diarrhea induced by insufficient fat absorption in weaned piglets: Causes and nutrition regulation. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:299-305. [PMID: 38371473 PMCID: PMC10869582 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Fat is one of the three macronutrients and a significant energy source for piglets. It plays a positive role in maintaining intestinal health and improving production performance. During the weaning period, physiological, stress and diet-related factors influence the absorption of fat in piglets, leading to damage to the intestinal barrier, diarrhea and even death. Signaling pathways, such as fatty acid translocase (CD36), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), are responsible for regulating intestinal fat uptake and maintaining intestinal barrier function. Therefore, this review mainly elaborates on the reasons for diarrhea induced by insufficient fat absorption and related signaling pathways in weaned-piglets, with an emphasis on the intestinal fat absorption disorder. Moreover, we focus on introducing nutritional strategies that can promote intestinal fat absorption in piglets with insufficient fat absorption-related diarrhea, such as lipase, amino acids, and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Mansheng Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Zhenping Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, China
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6
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Wang Y, Yin N, Yang R, Zhao M, Li S, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Faiola F. Development of a simplified human embryonic stem cell-based retinal pre-organoid model for toxicity evaluations of common pollutants. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:264-272. [PMID: 37602871 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2249988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the retinal toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), flame retardants, bisphenols, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which are the primary cell types at the early stages of retinal development, vital for subsequent functional cell type differentiation, and closely related to retinal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS After 23 days of differentiation, human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based retinal pre-organoids, containing RPCs and RPE cells, were exposed to 10, 100, and 1000 nM pesticides (butachlor, terbutryn, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, pendimethalin, and carbaryl), flame retardants (PFOS, TBBPA, DBDPE, and TDCIPP), PPCPs (climbazole and BHT), and other typical pollutants (phenanthrene, DCHP, and BPA) for seven days. Then, mRNA expression changes were monitored and compared. RESULTS (1) The selected pollutants did not show strong effects at environmental and human-relevant concentrations, although the effects of flame retardants were more potent than those of other categories of chemicals. Surprisingly, some pollutants with distinct structures showed similar adverse effects. (2) Exposure to pollutants induced different degrees of cell detachment, probably due to alterations in extracellular matrix and/or cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established a retinal pre-organoid model suitable for evaluating multiple pollutants' effects, and pointed out the potential retinal toxicity of flame retardants, among other pollutants. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms of toxicity and the effects on cell detachment are still unclear and deserve further exploration. Additionally, this model holds promise for screening interventions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Liang Y, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Yu Y, Zhang J. Environmental endocrine disruptors and pregnane X receptor action: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113976. [PMID: 37532173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a kind of orphan nuclear receptor activated by a series of ligands. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are a wide class of molecules present in the environment that are suspected to have adverse effects on the endocrine system by interfering with the synthesis, transport, degradation, or action of endogenous hormones. Since EEDs may modulate human/rodent PXR, this review aims to summarize EEDs as PXR modulators, including agonists and antagonists. The modular structure of PXR is also described, interestingly, the pharmacology of PXR have been confirmed to vary among different species. Furthermore, PXR play a key role in the regulation of endocrine function. Endocrine disruption of EEDs via PXR and its related pathways are systematically summarized. In brief, this review may provide a way to understand the roles of EEDs in interaction with the nuclear receptors (such as PXR) and the related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Wang F, Liu J, Hernandez R, Park SH, Lai YJ, Wang S, Blumberg B, Zhou C. Adipocyte-Derived PXR Signaling Is Dispensable for Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1207-1215. [PMID: 37230767 PMCID: PMC10449100 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a xenobiotic receptor that can be activated by numerous chemicals including endogenous hormones, dietary steroids, pharmaceutical agents, and environmental chemicals. PXR has been established to function as a xenobiotic sensor to coordinately regulate xenobiotic metabolism by regulating the expression of many enzymes and transporters required for xenobiotic metabolism. Recent studies have implicated a potentially important role for PXR in obesity and metabolic disease beyond xenobiotic metabolism, but how PXR action in different tissues or cell types contributes to obesity and metabolic disorders remains elusive. To investigate the role of adipocyte PXR in obesity, we generated a novel adipocyte-specific PXR deficient mouse model (PXRΔAd). Notably, we found that loss of adipocyte PXR did not affect food intake, energy expenditure, and obesity in high-fat diet-fed male mice. PXRΔAd mice also had similar obesity-associated metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis as control littermates. PXR deficiency in adipocytes did not affect expression of key adipose genes in PXRΔAd mice. Our findings suggest that adipocyte PXR signaling may be dispensable in diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in mice. Further studies are needed to understand the role of PXR signaling in obesity and metabolic disorders in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The authors demonstrate that deficiency of adipocyte pregnane X receptor (PXR) does not affect diet-induced obesity or metabolic disorders in mice and infers that adipocyte PXR signaling may not play a key role in diet-induced obesity. More studies are needed to understand the tissue-specific role of PXR in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (F.W., S.-H.P., S.W.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California (J.L., R.H., Y.-J.L., C.Z.); and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (B.B.)
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (F.W., S.-H.P., S.W.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California (J.L., R.H., Y.-J.L., C.Z.); and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (B.B.)
| | - Rebecca Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (F.W., S.-H.P., S.W.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California (J.L., R.H., Y.-J.L., C.Z.); and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (B.B.)
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (F.W., S.-H.P., S.W.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California (J.L., R.H., Y.-J.L., C.Z.); and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (B.B.)
| | - Ying-Jing Lai
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (F.W., S.-H.P., S.W.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California (J.L., R.H., Y.-J.L., C.Z.); and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (B.B.)
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (F.W., S.-H.P., S.W.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California (J.L., R.H., Y.-J.L., C.Z.); and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (B.B.)
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (F.W., S.-H.P., S.W.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California (J.L., R.H., Y.-J.L., C.Z.); and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (B.B.)
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (F.W., S.-H.P., S.W.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California (J.L., R.H., Y.-J.L., C.Z.); and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (B.B.)
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9
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Amini SE, Bresson SE, Ruzzin J. Mice lacking intestinal Nr1i2 have normal intestinal homeostasis under steady-state conditions and are not hypersensitive to inflammation under lipopolysaccharide treatment. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23117. [PMID: 37490003 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Nr1i2, a nuclear receptor known for its key function in xenobiotic detoxification, has emerged as a potential regulator of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. However, the role of Nr1i2 in different intestinal segments remains poorly known. Moreover, in vivo investigations on intestinal Nr1i2 have essentially been performed in whole-body Nr1i2 knockout (Nr1i2-/- ) mice where the deletion of Nr1i2 in all tissues may affect the intestinal phenotype. To better understand the role of Nr1i2 in the intestine, we generated intestinal epithelial-specific Nr1i2 knockout (iNr1i2-/- ) mice and studied the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of these animals during steady-state conditions and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. As compared to control (iNr1i2+/+ ) mice, iNr1i2-/- mice showed normal intestinal permeability as assessed by in vivo FITC-dextran test. The expression of genes involved in inflammation, tight- and adherens-junction, proliferation, glucose, and lipid metabolism was comparable in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of iNr1i2-/- and iNr1i2+/+ mice. In line with these findings, histological analyses of the jejunum revealed no difference between iNr1i2-/- and iNr1i2+/+ mice. When treated with LPS, the intestine of iNr1i2-/- mice had no increased inflammatory response as compared to iNr1i2+/+ mice. Moreover, the health monitoring of LPS-treated iNr1i2-/- and iNr1i2+/+ mice was similar. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the specific deletion of Nr1i2 in the intestinal epithelium does not cause major intestinal damages in mice during both steady-state and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Edden Amini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie Emilie Bresson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jérôme Ruzzin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Wang G, Hong X, Yu J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li Z, Zhu Z, Yuan S, Zhang X, Wang S, Zhu F, Wang Y, Wu C, Su P, Shen T. Enhancing de novo ceramide synthesis induced by bisphenol A exposure aggravates metabolic derangement during obesity. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101741. [PMID: 37225016 PMCID: PMC10250932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to increase the prevalence of obesity and its related insulin resistance (IR). Ceramide is a sphingolipid known to facilitate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequently exacerbate inflammation and IR during the progression of obesity. Here, we investigated the effects of BPA exposure on ceramide de novo synthesis and whether increased ceramides aggravate adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and obesity-related IR. METHODS A population-based case-control study was conducted to explore the relationship between BPA exposure and IR and the potential role of ceramide in AT in obesity. Next, we used mice reared on a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) to verify the results from the population study and then investigated the role of ceramides in low-level BPA exposure with HFD-induced IR and AT inflammation in mice treated with or without myriocin (an inhibitor of the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo ceramide synthesis). RESULTS BPA levels are higher in obese individuals and are significantly associated with AT inflammation and IR. Specific subtypes of ceramides mediated the associations between BPA and obesity, obesity-related IR and AT inflammation in the obesity group. In animal experiments, BPA exposure facilitated ceramide accumulation in AT, activated PKCζ, promoted AT inflammation, increased the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines via the JNK/NF-κB pathway, and lowered insulin sensitivity by disrupting IRS1-PI3K-AKT signaling in mice fed a HFD. Myriocin suppressed BPA-induced AT inflammation and IR. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that BPA aggravates obesity-induced IR, which is partly via increased de novo synthesis of ceramides and subsequent promotion of AT inflammation. Ceramide synthesis could be a potential target for the prevention of environmental BPA exposure-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengfu Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xu Hong
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zuo Li
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shaoyun Yuan
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Fuhai Zhu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Changhao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Heath & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Puyu Su
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Tong Shen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China.
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11
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Lei R, Xue B, Tian X, Liu C, Li Y, Zheng J, Luo B. The association between endocrine disrupting chemicals and MAFLD: Evidence from NHANES survey. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114836. [PMID: 37001192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the association of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) are very limited. This study analyzed the association of EDCs exposure with MAFLD among 5073 American adults from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results showed that increased exposure to 3 EDCs metabolites (namely As, DiNP and PFOA) were significantly associated with MAFLD, the odds ratio of which were 1.819 (95% CI: 1.224, 2.702), 1.959 (95% CI: 1.224, 3.136) and 2.148 (95% CI: 1.036, 4.456), respectively. Further, the bayesian kernel machine regression model also revealed that phthalates exposure was strongly connected with the MAFLD, particularly in females and the elderly over 65. Moderating effect analysis suggested that higher body mass index (BMI) and inflammatory diet habit (indicated by dietary inflammatory index) strengthened the association between EDCs and MAFLD, whereas population with higher level of insulin sensitivity showed lower risk. In conclusion, our results suggest that either single or combined exposure to EDCs metabolites is link to MAFLD. Our findings also encourage people to sustain a healthy diet, normal levels of insulin sensitivity and BMI, which may help to alleviate the association of MAFLD risk in exposure to EDCs. These results also help us to better understand the association of EDCs and MAFLD and provide effective evidences for preventing MAFLD from the EDCs exposure aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Lei
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Baode Xue
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ce Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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12
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Hernandez R, Shi J, Liu J, Li X, Wu J, Zhao L, Zhou T, Chen Q, Zhou C. PANDORA-Seq unveils the hidden small noncoding RNA landscape in atherosclerosis of LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100352. [PMID: 36871792 PMCID: PMC10119612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) play diverse roles in numerous biological processes. While the widely used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) method has advanced sncRNA discovery, RNA modifications can interfere with the complementary DNA library construction process, preventing the discovery of highly modified sncRNAs including transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) and ribosomal RNA-derived small RNAs (rsRNAs) that may have important functions in disease development. To address this technical obstacle, we recently developed a novel PANDORA-Seq (Panoramic RNA Display by Overcoming RNA Modification Aborted Sequencing) method to overcome RNA modification-elicited sequence interferences. To identify novel sncRNAs associated with atherosclerosis development, LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice were fed a low-cholesterol diet or high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 9 weeks. Total RNAs isolated from the intima were subjected to PANDORA-Seq and traditional RNA-Seq. By overcoming RNA modification-elicited limitations, PANDORA-Seq unveiled an rsRNA/tsRNA-enriched sncRNA landscape in the atherosclerotic intima of LDLR-/- mice, which was strikingly different from that detected by traditional RNA-Seq. While microRNAs were the dominant sncRNAs detected by traditional RNA-Seq, PANDORA-Seq substantially increased the reads of rsRNAs and tsRNAs. PANDORA-Seq also detected 1,383 differentially expressed sncRNAs induced by HCD feeding, including 1,160 rsRNAs and 195 tsRNAs. One of HCD-induced intimal tsRNAs, tsRNA-Arg-CCG, may contribute to atherosclerosis development by regulating the proatherogenic gene expression in endothelial cells. Overall, PANDORA-Seq revealed a hidden rsRNA and tsRNA population associated with atherosclerosis development. These understudied tsRNAs and rsRNAs, which are much more abundant than microRNAs in the atherosclerotic intima of LDLR-/- mice, warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jake Wu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Molecular Medicine Program, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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13
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Zhang J, Jia Q, Li Y, He J. The Function of Xenobiotic Receptors in Metabolic Diseases. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:237-248. [PMID: 36414407 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are a series of metabolic disorders that include obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The increased prevalence of metabolic diseases has resulted in higher mortality and mobility rates over the past decades, and this has led to extensive research focusing on the underlying mechanisms. Xenobiotic receptors (XRs) are a series of xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors that regulate their downstream target genes expression, thus defending the body from xenobiotic and endotoxin attacks. XR activation is associated with the development of a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, thus suggesting an important role for XRs in modulating metabolic diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of XRs in the context of metabolic disorders under different nutrient conditions is complex and remains controversial. This review summarizes the effects of XRs on different metabolic components (cholesterol, lipids, glucose, and bile acids) in different tissues during metabolic diseases. As chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of metabolic diseases, we also discuss the impact of XRs on inflammation to comprehensively recognize the role of XRs in metabolic diseases. This will provide new ideas for treating metabolic diseases by targeting XRs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review outlines the current understanding of xenobiotic receptors on nutrient metabolism and inflammation during metabolic diseases. This work also highlights the gaps in this field, which can be used to direct the future investigations on metabolic diseases treatment by targeting xenobiotic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy (J.Z., Y.L., J.H.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Q.J.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyi Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy (J.Z., Y.L., J.H.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Q.J.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy (J.Z., Y.L., J.H.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Q.J.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy (J.Z., Y.L., J.H.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Q.J.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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14
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Liu J, Shi J, Hernandez R, Li X, Konchadi P, Miyake Y, Chen Q, Zhou T, Zhou C. Paternal phthalate exposure-elicited offspring metabolic disorders are associated with altered sperm small RNAs in mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107769. [PMID: 36709676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ubiquitous plastic-associated endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with the increased risk of many chronic diseases. For example, phthalate exposure is associated with cardiometabolic mortality in humans, with societal costs ∼ $39 billion/year or more. We recently demonstrated that several widely used plastic-associated EDCs increase cardiometabolic disease in appropriate mouse models. In addition to affecting adult health, parental exposure to EDCs has also been shown to cause metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, in the offspring. While most studies have focused on the impact of maternal EDC exposure on the offspring's health, little is known about the effects of paternal EDC exposure. In the current study, we investigated the adverse impact of paternal exposure to a ubiquitous but understudied phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) on the metabolic health of F1 and F2 offspring in mice. Paternal DCHP exposure led to exacerbated insulin resistance and impaired insulin signaling in F1 offspring without affecting diet-induced obesity. We previously showed that sperm small non-coding RNAs including tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) and rRNA-derived small RNAs (rsRNAs) contribute to the intergenerational transmission of paternally acquired metabolic disorders. Using a novel PANDORA-seq, we revealed that DCHP exposure can lead to sperm tsRNA/rsRNA landscape changes that were undetected by traditional RNA-seq, which may contribute to DCHP-elicited adverse effects. Lastly, we found that paternal DCHP can also cause sex-specific transgenerational adverse effects in F2 offspring and elicited glucose intolerance in female F2 descendants. Our results suggest that exposure to endocrine disrupting phthalates may have intergenerational and transgenerational adverse effects on the metabolic health of their offspring. These findings increase our understanding of the etiology of chronic human diseases originating from chemical-elicited intergenerational and transgenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Junchao Shi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Pranav Konchadi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Yuma Miyake
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Qi Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, NV 89557, United States
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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15
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Dvořák Z, Li H, Mani S. Microbial Metabolites as Ligands to Xenobiotic Receptors: Chemical Mimicry as Potential Drugs of the Future. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:219-227. [PMID: 36184080 PMCID: PMC9900867 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic receptors, such as the pregnane X receptor, regulate multiple host physiologic pathways including xenobiotic metabolism, certain aspects of cellular metabolism, and innate immunity. These ligand-dependent nuclear factors regulate gene expression via genomic recognition of specific promoters and transcriptional activation of the gene. Natural or endogenous ligands are not commonly associated with this class of receptors; however, since these receptors are expressed in a cell-type specific manner in the liver and intestines, there has been significant recent effort to characterize microbially derived metabolites as ligands for these receptors. In general, these metabolites are thought to be weak micromolar affinity ligands. This journal anniversary minireview focuses on recent efforts to derive potentially nontoxic microbial metabolite chemical mimics that could one day be developed as drugs combating xenobiotic receptor-modifying pathophysiology. The review will include our perspective on the field and recommend certain directions for future research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Xenobiotic receptors (XRs) regulate host drug metabolism, cellular metabolism, and immunity. Their presence in host intestines allows them to function not only as xenosensors but also as a response to the complex metabolic environment present in the intestines. Specifically, this review focuses on describing microbial metabolite-XR interactions and the translation of these findings toward discovery of novel chemical mimics as potential drugs of the future for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Departments of Medicine (H.L., S.M.), Molecular Pharmacology (S.M.), and Genetics (S.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Departments of Medicine (H.L., S.M.), Molecular Pharmacology (S.M.), and Genetics (S.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Departments of Medicine (H.L., S.M.), Molecular Pharmacology (S.M.), and Genetics (S.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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16
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Sree CG, Buddolla V, Lakshmi BA, Kim YJ. Phthalate toxicity mechanisms: An update. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109498. [PMID: 36374650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are one of the most widely used plasticizers in polymer products, and they are increasingly being exposed to people all over the world, generating health concerns. Phthalates are often used as excipients in controlled-release capsules and enteric coatings, and patients taking these drugs may be at risk. In both animals and human, phthalates are mainly responsible for testicular dysfunction, ovarian toxicity, reduction in steroidogenesis. In this regard, for a better understanding of the health concerns corresponding to phthalates and their metabolites, still more research is required. Significantly, multifarious forms of phthalates and their biomedical effects are need to be beneficial to investigate in the various tissues or organs. Based on these investigations, researchers can decipher their toxicity concerns and related mechanisms in the body after phthalate's exposure. This review summarizes the chemical interactions, mechanisms, and their biomedical applications of phthalates in animals and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendruru Geya Sree
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517503, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Viswanath Buddolla
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517503, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Liu J, Hernandez R, Li X, Meng Z, Chen H, Zhou C. Pregnane X Receptor Mediates Atherosclerosis Induced by Dicyclohexyl Phthalate in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice. Cells 2022; 11:1125. [PMID: 35406689 PMCID: PMC8997706 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic-associated endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) is a widely used phthalate plasticizer; whether and how exposure to DCHP elicits adverse effects in vivo is mostly unknown. We previously reported that DCHP is a potent ligand of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) which acts as a xenobiotic sensor to regulate xenobiotic metabolism. PXR also functions in macrophages to regulate atherosclerosis development in animal models. In the current study, LDL receptor-deficient mice with myeloid-specific PXR deficiency (PXRΔMyeLDLR-/-) and their control littermates (PXRF/FLDLR-/-) were used to determine the impact of DCHP exposure on macrophage function and atherosclerosis. Chronic exposure to DCHP significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic root and brachiocephalic artery of PXRF/FLDLR-/- mice by 65% and 77%, respectively. By contrast, DCHP did not affect atherosclerosis development in PXRΔMyeLDLR-/- mice. Exposure to DCHP led to elevated expression of the scavenger receptor CD36 in macrophages and increased macrophage form cell formation in PXRF/FLDLR-/- mice. Our findings provide potential mechanisms underlying phthalate-associated CVD risk and will ultimately stimulate further investigations and mitigation of the adverse effects of plastic-associated EDCs on CVD risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (J.L.); (R.H.); (X.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (J.L.); (R.H.); (X.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (J.L.); (R.H.); (X.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (J.L.); (R.H.); (X.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (J.L.); (R.H.); (X.L.); (Z.M.)
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