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Ayanniyi OO, Lu Z, Zhang H, Li C, Luo S, Wang C, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Yang C. Epidemiological survey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in Anhui Province, China. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 101:102059. [PMID: 37690183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases have continued to increase worldwide in both developing and many developed countries due to the widespread of different tick species and tick's adaptability to different climatic weather. In order to investigate the prevalence of the tick-borne pathogens, EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples were aseptically collected from 765 pet dogs in twenty veterinary clinics located in sixteen prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province, China, and the samples were examined and analyzed for tick-borne pathogens using both microscopy and PCR. Our result analysis revealed 17(2.22%) positive samples to Babesia spp and 4(0.52%) positive samples to Hepatozoon spp, of which case of co-infection was recorded in Lu'An and Chuzhou. The BLAST analysis results of the 18S rRNA gene revealed that the dogs were infected with Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis. All samples were negative for Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Rickettsia spp. This is the first molecular report of B. gibsoni and H. canis in dogs in Anhui, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Opeyemi Ayanniyi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Zhenxiao Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Chunqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Shishang Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Chuanchen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Qianming Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China.
| | - Qingxun Zhang
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100076, China.
| | - Congshan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China.
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Deepa CK, Varghese A, Felicia Bora CA, Ajith Kumar KG, John L, Asaf M, Chulliparambil S, Ravindran R. Phylogenetic analysis of Babesia gibsoni isolates of south India using apical membrane antigen, 50 kDa surface antigen, and 70 kDa heat shock protein genes. Exp Parasitol 2023; 246:108461. [PMID: 36642297 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of canine babesiosis due to Babesia gibsoni has increased throughout the world including in southern India. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based molecular characterization of B. gibsoni in dogs of Kerala, south India, targeting three specific genes viz., apical membrane antigen (AMA1), 50 kDa surface antigen (P50), and heat shock protein (HSP70) was undertaken in this study. Out of 297 blood samples collected from clinically suspected animals, microscopy detected piroplasms of B. gibsoni in 60 (20.20 per cent), while the PCR targeting the BgP50 gene detected 85 (28.61 per cent). Polymerase chain reaction targeting the BgAMA1 and BgHSP70 detected a lesser number of samples (60 and 65 respectively) as positive. The phylogenetic analysis of BgHSP70 gene sequences did not reveal genetic heterogeneity among the B. gibsoni isolates of South India and from other countries, while the BgP50 gene differentiated the Indian isolates from Japanese isolates. When BgAMA1 was used for phylogenetic analysis, genetic variation was not observed among Indian and Taiwanese isolates, however, differentiated them from the Japanese isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundayil Kalarickal Deepa
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Anju Varghese
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | | | | | - Lijo John
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Muhasin Asaf
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Sunanda Chulliparambil
- Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Reghu Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
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First detection and molecular identification of Rickettsia massiliae, a human pathogen, in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected from Southern Taiwan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010917. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rickettsia massiliae was firstly detected and identified in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks infested on dogs in Taiwan. A total of 1154 Rh. sanguineus ticks collected from 158 dogs of four districts of Tainan city were examined for Rickettsia infection by nested-PCR assay targeting the citrate synthase (gltA) and outer membrane protein B (ompB) genes of Rickettsia. The Rickettsia infection was detected with a general infection rate of 2.77%, and was detected in male, female and nymphal stage with an infection rate of 2.77%, 3.22% and 1.32%, respectively. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed by comparing the gltA and ompB sequences obtained from 9 Taiwan strains and 16 other strains representing 13 genospecies of Rickettsia. Results revealed that all Taiwan strains were genetically affiliated to the same clades of R. massiliae (spotted fever group) and R. felis (transitional group), and can be discriminated from other genospecies of Rickettsia. This study provides the first evidence of R. massiliae, a pathogenic spotted fever Rickettsia, identified in Rh. sanguineus ticks and highlight the potential threat for the regional transmission of Rickettsia infection among humans in Taiwan.
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Shih CM, Chao LL. First detection and genetic identification of Rickettsia infection in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks collected from Southern Taiwan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 85:291-304. [PMID: 34708287 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and genetic identity of Rickettsia infection in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) ticks were determined in Taiwan. In total 1153 ticks were examined for Rickettsia infection by PCR assay targeting the citrate synthase gene (gltA) of Rickettsia. The prevalence of Rickettsia infection in R. sanguineus s.l. ticks with a general infection rate of 2.2%, and was detected in nymph, male and female stages of R. sanguineus s.l. ticks with an infection rate of 3.1, 2.0 and 1.1%, respectively. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed by comparing the gltA sequences obtained from four Taiwan strains and 16 other strains representing 13 genospecies of Rickettsia. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that one Taiwan strain was genetically affiliated with the Japan isolate (GRA-1 strain) which belongs to the spotted fever group (R. parkeri/R. honei) and three Taiwan strains were genetically affiliated with the transitional group of Rickettsia (R. felis). Intra- and inter-species analysis also indicated the genetic distance (GD) of the Taiwan strains with a lower level of GD < 0.011, 0.023 and 0.003 as compared with the type strains of R. parkeri, R. honei and R. felis, respectively. Our findings reveal the first detection of Rickettsia infections (R. parkeri/R. honei and R. felis) in R. sanguineus s.l. ticks of Taiwan. These results also highlight the epidemiological significance of diverse Rickettsia species existed in R. sanguineus s.l. ticks and the potential threat for the geographical transmission of Rickettsia infection in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Shih
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Lian Chao
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Bora CAF, Varghese A, Deepa CK, Nandini A, Malangmei L, Kumar KGA, Raina OK, John L, Prasanna P, Asaf M, Kumar GS, Hembram PK, Vergis J, Juliet S, Ravindran R. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein gene of Babesia gibsoni isolates in dogs in South India. Parasitol Int 2021; 86:102477. [PMID: 34619383 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Babesia gibsoni, the causative agent of canine piroplasmosis, is a tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite predominantly reported in Asian countries. The present study aimed at genotypic characterization of B. gibsoni isolates prevalent in dogs in Kerala, a southern state of India. Blood samples were collected from 272 dogs in Kerala and B. gibsoni infection was detected by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Molecular confirmation of B. gibsoni parasites was carried out by 18S rRNA nested-PCR, followed by sequencing. Nested-PCR detected a higher percentage of dogs (40.44%) positive for B. gibsoni infection than microscopy where 15.81% dogs were detected positive for infection. Genetic characterization of B. gibsoni isolates (n = 11) prevalent in dogs in the state of Kerala was carried out by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 855 bp thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) gene fragment. Phylogenetic analysis of the B. gibsoni TRAP (BgTRAP) gene revealed that B. gibsoni isolates from Kerala formed a distinct cluster with the isolates from north India and Bangladesh, away from other East Asian isolates. Nucleotide analysis of the tandem repeats of BgTRAP gene showed considerable genetic variation among Indian isolates that was shared by B. gibsoni isolates of Bangladesh but not by the isolates of East Asian countries. The results of the present study further confirmed that B. gibsoni parasites in a distinct genetic clade are endemic in dogs in India and Bangladesh. However, elaborate studies are required for better understanding of the genetic diversity of B. gibsoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Angeline Felicia Bora
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Varghese
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India.
| | - Chundayil Kalarickal Deepa
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Ashwathappa Nandini
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Lanchalung Malangmei
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Opinder Krishen Raina
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, India
| | - Lijo John
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Preena Prasanna
- Department of Animal Husbandry, District Veterinary Centre, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Muhasin Asaf
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Gatchanda Shravan Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Hembram
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Jess Vergis
- Department of Veterinary Public health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Sanis Juliet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Reghu Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
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Bawm S, Myaing TT, Thu MJ, Akter S, Htun LL, Win MM, Nonaka N, Nakao R, Katakura K. PCR detection and genetic characterization of piroplasms from dogs in Myanmar, and a possible role of dogs as reservoirs for Theileria parasites infecting cattle, water buffaloes, and goats. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101729. [PMID: 33984595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine vector-borne pathogens can act as zoonotic agents in humans; however, it poorly understood whether dogs play a role as reservoirs of vector-borne parasites in livestock animals. Here, we report the unexpected detection of 18S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences of five ruminant Theileria species from the peripheral blood of dogs in Myanmar, in addition to those of two canine Babesia species. Using novel BTH primers capable of amplifying the 18S rDNA of Babesia, Theileria, and Hepatozoon spp., approximately 1,500 bp nested PCR products were detected in 19% (17/91) of local or imported dog breeds in different regions of Myanmar. Among the sequences of the 17 PCR products, ten were determined as Theileria 18S rDNA, including three as Theileria orientalis, three as Theileria buffeli, two as Theileria cf. velifera, one as Theileria luwenshuni, and one as Theileria sp. Most of these sequences showed higher identities with Theileria sequences determined in previous studies of cattle, water buffaloes, and goats in Myanmar. Six PCR products were identified as Babesia vogeli and one sample was determined as Babesia gibsoni. Furthermore, we obtained approximately 900 bp thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) gene fragments from three dog blood DNA samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the TRAP gene showed that B. gibsoni parasites in Myanmar were considerably related to isolates from China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, but clearly separated from those from Bangladesh and India. These results provide new insights into a possible role of dogs in maintaining and spreading tick-borne pathogens among livestock and canine populations in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saw Bawm
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar; Department of International Relations and Information Technology, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar
| | | | - May June Thu
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shirin Akter
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Lat Lat Htun
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar
| | - Mar Mar Win
- Rector office, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar
| | - Nariaki Nonaka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ken Katakura
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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Chao LL, Castillo CT, Shih CM. Molecular detection and genetic identification of Wolbachia endosymbiont in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks of Taiwan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 83:115-130. [PMID: 33196908 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The genetic identity of Wolbachia endosymbiont in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks was determined for the first time in Taiwan. In total 1004 Rh. sanguineus ticks were examined for Wolbachia by polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene. The prevalence of Wolbachia infection was detected in nymphs, females, and males with an infection rate of 55.8, 39.8, and 44%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships were analyzed by comparing the sequences of wsp gene obtained from 60 strains of Wolbachia representing 11 strains of supergroup A and 10 strains of supergroup B. In general, seven major clades of supergroup A and six major clades of supergroup B can be easily distinguished by neighbour-joining analysis and were congruent by maximum likelihood method. All these Wolbachia strains of Taiwan were genetically affiliated to supergroups A and B with high sequence similarity of 98.3-100% and 98.6-100%, respectively. Intra- and inter-group analysis based on the genetic distance (GD) values indicated a lower level (GD < 0.017) within the group A strains of Taiwan compared with the group B (GD > 0.576) of other Wolbachia strains, as well as a lower level (GD < 0.062) within the group B strains of Taiwan compared with the group A (GD > 0.246) of other Wolbachia strains. Our results provide the first genetic identification of Wolbachia endosymbiont in Rh. sanguineus ticks collected from Taiwan, and detection of Wolbachia in male and nymphal ticks may imply the possible mechanism of transstadial transmission in Rh. sanguineus ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Chao
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chantel Tamar Castillo
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Ming Shih
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Badawi NM, Yousif AA. Survey and Molecular Study of Babesia gibsoni in Dogs of Baghdad Province, Iraq. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v44i(e0).1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to detect Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) in dogs of different ages, sex and breeds in Baghdad province by microscopic and molecular investigations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The present study was investigated B. gibsoni in 310 blood samples of dogs for the period from December 2018 to September 2019 in Baghdad province, Iraq. The molecular study was carried out by using universal primers of Babesia spp. (PIRO-A and PIRO-B) and specific primers of B. gibsoni (BAGIF and BAGIR) products size of 410 bp and 488 bp fragments of 18S rRNA gene respectively. The clinical signs revealed higher percentage and specific clinical signs of B. gibsoni as depression, anorexia, fever, pale mucus membrane, and ticks infestation, however icterus, and dead were low in which only occurred in two dogs out of infected dogs. The PCR assay and microscopic diagnosis revealed the infection rate of B. gibsoni 9 out of 310 (2.9%) in dogs. The sequence data analyses of nine DNA products were 98-100% similar to sequences of 18S rRNA gene of B. gibsoni data available in Gene bank. According to breed, age, and sex, the results revealed a significantly high-risk factor of infection in Husky dogs; B. gibsoni detected in females which was increased non-significantly than males; while the highest occurrence of disease was in young dogs aged three years or less in addition to the above, the infection rate of B. gibsoni was high in spring season. In conclusion, this study was considered the first molecular record of B. gibsoni in Baghdad, Iraq documented no differences in diagnosis by blood smear and conventional PCR to amplify of 18S rRNA gene and partial sequencing of B. gibsoni with low-cost method and easily done.
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Nguyen VL, Colella V, Greco G, Fang F, Nurcahyo W, Hadi UK, Venturina V, Tong KBY, Tsai YL, Taweethavonsawat P, Tiwananthagorn S, Tangtrongsup S, Le TQ, Bui KL, Do T, Watanabe M, Rani PAMA, Dantas-Torres F, Halos L, Beugnet F, Otranto D. Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks and fleas collected from companion dogs and cats in East and Southeast Asia. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:420. [PMID: 32799914 PMCID: PMC7429691 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks and fleas are considered amongst the most important arthropod vectors of medical and veterinary concern due to their ability to transmit pathogens to a range of animal species including dogs, cats and humans. By sharing a common environment with humans, companion animal-associated parasitic arthropods may potentially transmit zoonotic vector-borne pathogens (VBPs). This study aimed to molecularly detect pathogens from ticks and fleas from companion dogs and cats in East and Southeast Asia. Methods A total of 392 ticks and 248 fleas were collected from 401 infested animals (i.e. 271 dogs and 130 cats) from China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam, and molecularly screened for the presence of pathogens. Ticks were tested for Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. while fleas were screened for the presence of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. Result Of the 392 ticks tested, 37 (9.4%) scored positive for at least one pathogen with Hepatozoon canis being the most prevalent (5.4%), followed by Ehrlichia canis (1.8%), Babesia vogeli (1%), Anaplasma platys (0.8%) and Rickettsia spp. (1%) [including Rickettsia sp. (0.5%), Rickettsia asembonensis (0.3%) and Rickettsia felis (0.3%)]. Out of 248 fleas tested, 106 (42.7%) were harboring at least one pathogen with R. felis being the most common (19.4%), followed by Bartonella spp. (16.5%), Rickettsia asembonensis (10.9%) and “Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis” (0.4%). Furthermore, 35 Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were subjected to phylogenetic analysis, of which 34 ticks belonged to the tropical and only one belonged to the temperate lineage (Rh. sanguineus (sensu stricto)). Conclusion Our data reveals the circulation of different VBPs in ticks and fleas of dogs and cats from Asia, including zoonotic agents, which may represent a potential risk to animal and human health.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet-Linh Nguyen
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Colella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grazia Greco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wisnu Nurcahyo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakata, Indonesia
| | | | - Virginia Venturina
- College of Veterinary Science & Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | | | - Yi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Thong Quang Le
- Faculty of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Linh Bui
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thom Do
- Biodiversity Conservation and Tropical Disease Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Malaika Watanabe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lenaig Halos
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Lyon, France
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy. .,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Molecular detection and genetic characteristics of Babesia gibsoni in dogs in Shaanxi Province, China. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:366. [PMID: 32698848 PMCID: PMC7376908 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several members of genus Babesia are important pathogens causing babesiosis in dogs. In China, at least five Babesia species have been described in dogs or ticks. This study sought to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of various Babesia spp. in dogs in cities in Shaanxi Province in China, including Xi’an and Hanzhong. Methods A total of 371 blood samples were collected from pet dogs presenting to veterinary clinics in the cities of Xi’an and Hanzhong in Shaanxi, China. Babesia spp. DNA was detected via amplification of partial 18S rRNA genes by semi-nested PCR. Almost full-length 18S rRNA, ITS, partial TRAP and complete cytb genes were recovered for analysis of the genetic characteristics and relationships with known isolates. Results A single species, Babesia gibsoni, was identified in dogs in Xi’an and Hanzhong. Consistently, B. gibsoni was also detected in 14 ticks collected from positive dogs. Sequence similarities and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the isolates identified herein showed a closer genetic relationship with isolates from East Asian countries rather than India, Bangladesh, or the USA. Sequence analysis based on tandem repeat analysis of the TRAP gene further revealed that specific haplotypes were circulating in both Xi’an and Hanzhong, with no specific regionality. In addition, 10.9% of all isolates with atovaquone (ATV)-resistance were identified because of M121I mutation in the deduced cytb protein. Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence rate of Babesia infection. Babesia gibsoni was the only Babesia species identified in cases of canine babesiosis in the cities of Xi’an and Hanzhong cities in Shaanxi, China. In addition, the TRAP gene presented high genetic diversity across isolates. Such information is useful for elucidating the epidemiological characteristics of canine babesiosis, as well as the overall genetic diversity of Babesia spp. circulating in dog populations in Shaanxi Province.![]()
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Liu IL, Chi NY, Chang CL, Hung ML, Chiu CT, Chen HW. A novel PCR-based point-of-care method enables rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnosis of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:428. [PMID: 31783850 PMCID: PMC6884907 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite of dogs that causes fever and hemolytic illness. A timely diagnosis is essential for the disease management. RESULTS Here, we report a QubeMDx PCR system which enables a rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnosis of B. gibsoni near the dog patient. Within 30 min, this diagnostic assay was able to detect as low as 0.002% parasitemia of the dog blood. Using clinical samples, this new assay was validated to demonstrate 100% agreement with real-time PCR. CONCLUSIONS This novel diagnostic method provides a reliable point-of-care test to assist in the identification of B. gibsoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Li Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yu Chi
- Credo Biomedical Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Chun-Ta Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Chao LL, Hsieh CK, Ho TY, Shih CM. First zootiological survey of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting dogs in northern Taiwan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 77:105-115. [PMID: 30488157 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hard ticks infesting canine hosts were determined for the first time in northern Taiwan. Between May 2010 and April 2011, a total of 9467 ticks were collected from 2025 dogs. They were identified based on pictorial keys of their morphological characteristics. These ticks belong to three genus and six species: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. haemaphysaloides, Haemaphysalis hystricis, H. lagrangei, H. formosensis and Ixodes ovatus. Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most dominant species (92.5%), followed by H. hystricis (4.6%), R. haemaphysaloides (2.3%), I. ovatus (0.54%), H. lagrangei (0.04%) and H. formosensis (0.01%). The overall density was 4.7 ticks per dog (ranging from 1.8 to 20.8) and the highest seasonal prevalence was observed in September with an average density of 8.2 ticks per dog. Our results not only provide the first survey of hard ticks infesting dogs in northern Taiwan, but also highlight the possible impact of these tick species on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Chao
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Kuei Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Yu Ho
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Ming Shih
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lin HR, Mei XT, Hong YF, Zhao YB, Guo XN, Yang DJ, Yao DW. Sequence analysis of the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein gene and heat shock protein 70 gene of Babesia gibsoni isolated from dogs in Nanjing, China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 56:111-116. [PMID: 29154928 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) gene and the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene of Babesia gibsoni isolated from the naturally infected dog in the Nanjing area were cloned and sequenced. Twenty blood samples were collected from the suspected cases of babesiosis at the animal hospital of Nanjing Agriculture University. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples, and the 18S rDNAs were amplified by PCR to confirm Babesia infection. As a result, 10 cases of Babesia 18S rDNA gene amplification were positive in the 20 blood samples, confirming that the 10 cases were infected with canine Babesia. The TRAP and the Hsp70 gene fragments were amplified from all 10 positive cases. The four isolates, named NJN1, NJN2, NJN3 and NJN4, were sequenced and compared with other isolates in Asian. The similarity of TRAP and Hsp70 gene sequences among four isolates in Nanjing were above 99%. The Nanjing isolates were closely related to isolates from Taiwan and Japan. Indian isolates were different form Chinese and Japanese isolates, despite the very high similarity of the 18s rRNA genes sequence. These results suggest that the TRAP and Hsp70 genes have a reference value for the genetic diversity analysis of Babesia gibsoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ran Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Mei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yu-Fang Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yan-Bing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - De-Ji Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Da-Wei Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Chao LL, Lu CW, Lin YF, Shih CM. Molecular and morphological identification of a human biting tick, Amblyomma testudinarium (Acari: Ixodidae), in Taiwan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 71:401-414. [PMID: 28405839 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic identity and morphological features of a human biting tick, Amblyomma testudinarium, were determined for the first time in Taiwan. Morphological features of adult male and female ticks of Am. testudinarium were observed and photographed by a stereo- microscope. The genetic identity was analyzed by comparing the sequences of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA gene obtained from 18 strains of ticks representing 10 species of Amblyomma, and four outgroup species of Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus ticks. Nine major clades could be easily distinguished by neighbour-joining analysis and were congruent by maximum-parsimony method. All these Am. testudinarium ticks collected from Taiwan and Japan were genetically affiliated to a monophyletic group with highly homogeneous sequence (99.8-100% similarity), and can be discriminated from other species of Amblyomma and other genera of ticks (Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus) with a sequence divergence ranging from 6.9 to 23.9%. Moreover, intra- and inter-species analysis based on the genetic distance (GD) values indicated a lower level (GD < 0.003) within the same lineage of Am. testudinarium ticks collected from Taiwan and Japan, as compared with other lineage groups (GD > 0.108) of Amblyomma ticks, as well as outgroup (GD > 0.172) species. Our results provide the first distinguished features of adult Am. testudinarium ticks and the first genetic identification of Am. testudinarium ticks collected from humans in Taiwan. Seasonal prevalence, host range, and vectorial capacity of this tick species in Taiwan need to be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Chao
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Wei Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Fang Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ming Shih
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chao LL, Liao HT, Ho TY, Shih CM. First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. Acta Trop 2017; 166:356-362. [PMID: 27686959 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Babesia gibsoni was firstly identified in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks infested on dogs in Asia. A total of 1195 ticks collected from veterinary practitioners and pet clinics were examined for Babesia by nested-polymerase chain reaction assay based on the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) gene. Babesia infection was detected in nymph, male and female ticks with an infection rate of 2.42%, 0.98% and 1.97%, respectively. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Babesia spp. were genetically affiliated to the same clades within the genospecies of B. gibsoni and B. vogeli, and can be discriminated from other genospecies of Babesia. Intra- and inter-species analysis based on the genetic distance (GD) values indicated a lower level in B. gibsoni (GD<0.011) compared with other genospecies of Babesia (GD>0.106) and out-group protozoa (GD>0.244). This study provides the first molecular evidence of B. gibsoni identified in nymphs of R. sanguineus ticks in Asia, and further confirms the detection of B. vogeli in nymphs and adults of R. sanguineus in northern Taiwan. The epizootiological significance of canine Babesia spp. transmitted by R. sanguineus tick needs to be further identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Chao
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Ting Liao
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Yu Ho
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ming Shih
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chao LL, Shih CM. Molecular analysis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), an incriminated vector tick for Babesia vogeli in Taiwan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2016; 70:469-481. [PMID: 27815655 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-016-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genetic identity of Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick was determined for the first time in Taiwan. The phylogenetic relationships were analyzed by comparing the sequences of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA gene obtained from 32 strains of ticks representing six species of Rhipicephalus, two species of Dermacentor and two outgroup species (Haemaphysalis inermis and Ixodes ricinus). Seven major clades can be easily distinguished by neighbour-joining analysis and were congruent by maximum-parsimony method. All R. sanguineus ticks of Taiwan were genetically affiliated to the tropical lineage group of R. sanguineus sensu lato with highly homogeneous sequence (99.7-100% similarity), and can be discriminated from the temperate lineage group of Rhipicephalus sp. II and R. turanicus with a sequence divergence ranging from 1.7 to 5.2%. In contrast, the nucleotide variations among other Rhipicephalus spp. and other species/genus of ticks compared with the R. sanguineus ticks of Taiwan were measured from 10.6 to 25.5%. Moreover, intra- and inter-species analysis based on the genetic distance (GD) values indicated a lower level (GD < 0.003) within tropical lineage group compared with temperate lineage group (GD > 0.055) of Rhipicephalus, as well as other (GD > 0.129) and outgroup (GD > 0.236) species. Our results provide the first genetic identification of R. sanguineus ticks collected from Taiwan and demonstrate that all these R. sanguineus of Taiwan affiliated to the tropical lineage group of R. sanguineus sensu lato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Chao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ming Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Liu M, Cao S, Vudriko P, Suzuki H, Soma T, Xuan X. Babesia gibsoni internal transcribed spacer 1 region is highly conserved amongst isolates from dogs across Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:863-5. [PMID: 26806537 PMCID: PMC4905845 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia gibsoni is a tick-borne apicomplexan parasite of dogs that often
causes fever and hemolytic anemia with highly variable clinical outcome. In this study, we
sequenced the 254bp Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 region (ITS1) of 54 B.
gibsoni isolates from 14 different geographical regions of Japan. The 54
isolates shared high sequence identity with each other and with B.
gibsoni isolates reported in GenBank database (97.2–100%). Consistent with
previous reports, phylogenetic analysis showed that B. gibsoni isolates
from Japan formed the same clade with those from U.S.A., Australia, India and Taiwan. Our
finding indicates that B. gibsoni ITS1 region is highly conserved among
isolates from dogs in Japan, making it a useful genetic marker for molecular epidemiology
of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Chao LL, Yeh ST, Hsieh CK, Shih CM. First detection and molecular identification of Babesia vogeli from Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Taiwan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2016; 68:539-551. [PMID: 26796569 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of 578 Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected from dogs in Taiwan were examined for Babesia by species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay based on the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) gene. Babesia DNA was detected in 1.04 % (6/578) of Rh. sanguineus ticks. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Babesia spp. were genetically linked to the same clade within the genospecies of Babesia vogeli and could be discriminated from other genospecies of Babesia. Intra-species analysis based on the genetic distance values indicated a lower level (0.079) compared with other genospecies of Babesia (GD > 0.094) and out-group protozoa (GD > 0.236). This study provides the first molecular evidence of B. vogeli detected and identified in various stages of Rh. sanguineus ticks removed from dogs in Taiwan. Detection of Rh. sanguineus in flat male ticks may imply the possible mechanism of transstadial transmission in Rh. sanguineus ticks. The vector competence and the diversity of Babesia species harbored by Rh. sanguineus ticks need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Chao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Ting Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Kuei Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ming Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Singh MN, Raina OK, Sankar M, Rialch A, Tigga MN, Kumar GR, Banerjee PS. Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Babesia gibsoni in dogs in India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 41:100-106. [PMID: 27020545 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Babesia gibsoni is a tick borne intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite causing piroplasmosis in dogs and has been predominantly reported in Asian countries, including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Bangladesh and India. The present communication is the first evidence on the genetic diversity of B. gibsoni of dogs in India. Blood samples were collected from 164 dogs in north and northeast states of India and 13 dogs (7.9%) were found positive for B. gibsoni infection by microscopic examination of blood smears. Molecular confirmation of these microscopic positive cases for B. gibsoni was carried out by 18S rRNA nested-PCR, followed by sequencing. Nested-PCR for the 18S rRNA gene was also carried out on microscopically B. gibsoni negative samples that detected a higher percentage of dogs (28.6%) infected with B. gibsoni. Genetic diversity in B. gibsoni in India was determined by studying B. gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP) gene fragments (855bp) in 19 isolates from four north and northeast states of India. Phylogenetic analysis of the BgTRAP gene revealed that B. gibsoni parasite in India and Bangladesh formed a distinct cluster away from other Asian B. gibsoni isolates available from Japan, Taiwan and Korea. In addition, tandem repeat analysis of the BgTRAP gene clearly showed considerable genetic variation among Indian isolates that was shared by B. gibsoni isolates of Bangladesh. These results suggested that B. gibsoni parasites in a different genetic clade are endemic in dogs in India and Bangladesh. Further studies are required for better understanding of the genetic diversity of B. gibsoni prevalent in India and in its neighbouring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Singh
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - O K Raina
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
| | - M Sankar
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ajayta Rialch
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - M N Tigga
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - G Ravi Kumar
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - P S Banerjee
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Liu M, Cao S, Zhou M, Wang G, Jirapattharasate C, Adjou Moumouni PF, Iguchi A, Vudriko P, Suzuki H, Soma T, Xuan X. Genetic variations of four immunodominant antigens of Babesia gibsoni isolated from dogs in southwest Japan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Babesia gibsoni in dogs in Bangladesh. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 31:53-60. [PMID: 25620376 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Babesia gibsoni is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasite of dogs that often causes fever and hemolytic illness. Detection of B. gibsoni has been predominantly reported in Asian countries, including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Bangladesh and India. The present study shows the first molecular characterization of B. gibsoni detected from dogs in Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected on FTA® Elute cards from 50 stray dogs in Mymensingh District in Bangladesh. DNA eluted from the cards was subjected to nested PCR for the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia species. Approximately 800bp PCR products were detected in 15 of 50 dogs (30%). Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing of the PCR products, all parasite isolates were identified as B. gibsoni. Furthermore, the BgTRAP (B. gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein) gene fragments were detected in 13 of 15 18S rRNA gene PCR positive blood samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the BgTRAP gene revealed that B. gibsoni parasites in Bangladesh formed a cluster, which was genetically different from other Asian B. gibsoni isolates. In addition, tandem repeat analysis of the BgTRAP gene clearly showed considerable genetic variation among Bangladeshi isolates. These results suggested that B. gibsoni parasites in a different genetic clade are endemic in dogs in Bangladesh. Further studies are required to elucidate the origin, distribution, vector and pathogenesis of B. gibsoni parasites circulating in dogs in Bangladesh.
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El-Dakhly KM, Goto M, Noishiki K, El-Nahass ES, Sakai H, Yanai T, Takashima Y. Distribution patterns of Babesia gibsoni infection in hunting dogs from nine Japanese islands. J Parasitol 2014; 101:160-6. [PMID: 25419881 DOI: 10.1645/14-564.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine babesiosis constitutes a major global veterinary medical problem caused by tick-borne hemoparasites Babesia gibsoni and Babesia canis. Babesia gibsoni induces more severe clinical signs and is mainly transmitted by the ixodid Haemaphysalis longicornis. In Japan, B. gibsoni is primarily found in the western districts, with few records in the eastern parts. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate distribution patterns of B. gibsoni infection in 9 Japanese islands and peninsulas using direct microscopy and PCR. Therefore, 196 hunting dogs were randomly sampled during the period from March to September 2011. Ages and sexes of dogs were identified. Direct microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood smear revealed pear-shaped piroplasms of B. gibsoni in 3 (1.6%) dogs. PCR was done initially with the universal primer set (B18S-F and B18S-R) amplifying the 1,665-bp portion of the 18S rRNA gene, followed by the specific primer set (Bg18F1 and Bg18R2) amplifying 2,363-bp fragments of the same gene. Accordingly, 84 (42.9%) and 8 (4.1%) dogs were positive, respectively. The current investigation shows that canine babesiosis was recorded in all islands except for Sado Island, Atsumi Peninsula, and Tanegashima Island. The highest infection rate was detected in the main island of Okinawa, while the lowest was on Ishigaki Island. Both sexes were non-significantly infected. However, the diversity of infection in islands was significantly different (P < 0.05). Although B. gibsoni has been previously found in western and eastern Japan, the present work highlights the prevalence of infection in many Japanese districts, including islands and peninsulas, giving realistic data that can facilitate treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mohamed El-Dakhly
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62515, Egypt
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