1
|
Randall KN, Hopkins CS, Drew H. Menstrual education programs for girls and young women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13264. [PMID: 38863161 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing menstrual education and guidance for menstrual management for girls and young women with intellectual disabilities is recommended to ensure smooth pubertal transitions and to support menstrual self-agency. METHOD The purpose of this systematic review is to explore menstrual education interventions for girls and young women with intellectual disabilities. RESULTS Nine studies were included. Interventions were provided in small groups (n = 4) and individually (n = 5). Most studies used dolls (n = 7) and task analysis (n = 7) to teach pad-replacement skills. All reported significant improvements in participant skills and/or knowledge following the intervention. Only one study addressed self-agency and self-esteem as an outcome of the intervention. Menstrual education for girls and young women with intellectual disabilities is largely focused on pad-replacement skills. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to understand the impact of menstrual health and hygiene education on variables apart from skill improvement such as self-agency and long-term health outcomes related to menstrual health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina N Randall
- Department of Special Education, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Casey S Hopkins
- School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah Drew
- Department of Literacy, Language, and Culture, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stancliffe RJ, Frantz BL. Criminal Justice and People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 62:211-224. [PMID: 38802095 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-62.3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are overrepresented in the criminal justice system both as victims/survivors and as offenders. The needs and circumstances of individuals from underserved communities have received scant attention in the literature. Stakeholders met online at the 2022 State of the Science Conference on Community Living to discuss criminal justice and to identify goals for research involving people with IDD. The group focused more on victimization and less on offenders. Victimization issues examined included prevalence, people from underserved communities, sexual victimization, consequences of victimization, victim compensation, prevention, and risk reduction. Issues regarding offenders included prevalence, people from underserved communities, and competency to stand trial. Future directions are proposed for research on victimization and on offenders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Stancliffe
- Roger J. Stancliffe, Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, and Beverly L. Frantz, Institute on Disabilities, Temple University
| | - Beverly L Frantz
- Roger J. Stancliffe, Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, and Beverly L. Frantz, Institute on Disabilities, Temple University
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Estruch-García V, Gil-Llario MD, Fernández-García O. Sexual experiences and knowledge of people with moderate intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:512-523. [PMID: 38304997 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study addresses the sexuality of people with moderate intellectual disabilities (PMID), a topic that has been little studied. Understanding romantic and sexual experiences is highly relevant for reducing stigma and prejudice related to their sexuality. Additionally, comprehending the level of sexual knowledge of PMID contributes to the development of preventive and sexual health education programmes tailored for this group. Our aim is to explore the sexual history (relationships, sexual behaviour, condom use and sexual abuse), sex education received and the level of sexual knowledge of PMID. METHOD The total of 142 PMID completed questionnaires about sexual knowledge and experiences, and their support staff provided additional information. Data were analysed using chi-square test (χ2) and descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS Masturbation was the most common sexual behaviour (75.7%), especially among men (χ2 = 5.81, P < 0.05). Sexual intercourse was rare, and only 30.5% reported using condoms. Women reported a higher prevalence of self-reported sexual abuse (27.3% vs. 6% in men). The study also highlighted misconceptions about sexual intercourse risks and contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION The results suggest that PMID need sexual education to ensure healthy sexual experiences and prevent risky behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Estruch-García
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M D Gil-Llario
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Fernández-García
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wolford LL, Jansen KL. Who Helps Children With Communication Disorders Access Sex Education? Practice Patterns of Speech-Language Pathologists and Psychologists. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024; 33:848-865. [PMID: 38118453 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with communication disorders are often systematically excluded from sex education curricula. They may also have difficulty accessing the curricula because of the materials' linguistic and pragmatic complexity. Even curricula written for children with intellectual disabilities do not typically include considerations for communication disorders. This places them at risk for sexually transmitted infections, sexual health misinformation, and sexual assault. Yet, it is unclear which professionals are assisting children with communication disorders to access sex education. METHOD North American speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and clinical psychologists (N = 112) completed a survey that asked about their practice patterns in helping children access sex education, as well as their beliefs about the importance of sex education, how disabilities affect sex education, perceived barriers, and their self-efficacy and role in addressing sex education. RESULTS Although SLPs and clinical psychologists believed that communication disorders could affect sex education and consent and felt they had some responsibility for helping their clients in accessing sex education, they did not regularly assist their clients in this area. Both groups of clinicians were divided in their views of their own roles and responsibility. SLPs were especially polarized; every question about their role in addressing sex education included SLPs who fully agreed and some who fully disagreed with the statement. CONCLUSIONS Children with communication disorders do not consistently receive assistance accessing sex education curricula from either SLPs or clinical psychologists. Clinicians need education to support them addressing sex education and clear guidance about their roles in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Wolford
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
| | - Kate L Jansen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeyachandran V, Ranjelin SPD, Kumar A. Sexual health and safety of adolescents with intellectual disability: Challenges and concerns among special educators in India. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024; 28:104-117. [PMID: 36301014 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221136224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sexual health education among adolescents with intellectual disabilities is an area of concern among parents and educators. Special educators play a vital role in teaching sexual health and safety to their students with disabilities. The present study explores special educators' concerns in teaching sexual health among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The participants included 35 special educators working with adolescents with intellectual disabilities in India. Summative content analysis of the data collected using a semi-structured interview schedule highlights the neglect of the issues related to sexual health among adolescents with disabilities. Special educators reported the challenges in providing sexual health education. Teachers lacked skills in imparting sexual health education. Developmentally and culturally appropriate sexual health education can help adolescents with a disability learn healthy life skills. The paper emphasizes the need for professional support and training among special educators on sexual health education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aneesh Kumar
- Department of Psychology, Christ University, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mathabela B, Madiba S, Modjadji P. Exploring Barriers to Accessing Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Adolescents and Young People with Physical Disabilities in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:199. [PMID: 38397689 PMCID: PMC10887722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite South Africa having a progressive and liberal sexual and reproductive health (SRH) policy framework, adolescents and young people with disabilities (AYPWDs) are less likely to receive sexual and reproductive healthcare, being consequently predisposed to a long-term detrimental impact on their health. Our study explored the barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services (SRHSs) in clinics among AYPWDs in Mpumalanga, South Africa. We conducted a descriptive qualitative study with twenty-seven AYPWDs in four focus group discussions using semi-structured interviews, audiotaped and transcribed verbatim, and then applied a thematic analysis of the data. Employing a socio-ecological model, the findings show a poor socioeconomic status, lack of information on SRH, and the attitudes of AYPWDs as barriers at the individual level, hindering AYPWDs from accessing SRHSs in clinics. AYPWDs also faced difficulties to talk about SRH with parents, a lack of support to seek SRHSs, improper care from family/parents, and negative attitudes of friends, at the interpersonal level. They further expressed barriers at the community/societal level as negative attitudes of non-disabled community members and poor infrastructure for wheelchair use. At the organization level, their access to SRHSs was negatively affected by HCWs' maltreatment, described in the forms of negative attitudes, being judgmental using verbal abuse, discrimination, and bullying. Furthermore, AYPWDs described difficulties in communication with HCWs, as well as violating their confidentiality and misconceived ideas on their sexuality. Intensified efforts to strengthen public health strategies are needed to improve access to SRHSs by AYPWDs in South Africa, as well as enhancing the proficiency and communication skills of HCWs and educating AYPWDs, parents, and non-disabled community members on SRH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bheki Mathabela
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Sphiwe Madiba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa;
| | - Perpetua Modjadji
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Drew CM, Hansen SG, Hebert C, Patten B. Quantitative Analysis of Sexuality and Relationship Education in Inclusive Higher Education: Brief Report. Dev Neurorehabil 2023; 26:413-417. [PMID: 37543727 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2023.2242965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Inclusive postsecondary education (IPSE) programs support adults with intellectual disabilities' participation in higher education. Students in IPSE programs may have limited knowledge of sexuality, relationships, and social skills, which can be addressed through sexuality and relationship education (SRE). This project evaluated the effect of the Positive Choices© curriculum on the SRE knowledge of 7 students attending an IPSE program in the southeastern United States. Students attended 15 weekly classes taught by two graduate assistants and faculty supervisor during spring 2020; half of course meetings occurred in person and half via Zoom due to COVID-19 restrictions. The authors analyzed results of pre-post one sample t-test of student scores on five instructor-created assessments. All students showed statistically significant increases in knowledge for each assessment and overall. Future research should assess the effect of other curricula in use in IPSE programs and evaluate the need for and use of supplemental materials for instruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Drew
- College of Education, Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sarah G Hansen
- Department of Learning Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claire Hebert
- College of Education, Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Betty Patten
- College of Education, Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Donnelly E, Chang EL, Cheng Y, Botfield J. Evaluation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education and Support Workshops for Parents and Carers of Children and Young People with Intellectual Disability and/or Autism Spectrum Disorders. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-023-09786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
9
|
Davies AWJ, Bryan MK, Martin T, Shay B, Akers T, Soud R, Balter AS, O’Leary S, Neustifter R. Dismantling barriers to access: The necessity of cripping sexuality education in Canadian schools. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite sexuality education in school contexts being a highly politicized and ideologically fueled conversation, discussions of the specific needs of disabled students are often silenced, in particular for those who might be accessing special education programming. In this paper, we provide a call to action to explicate the crucial importance of addressing both ableist attitudes and constructions embedded within conversations of childhood sexuality and sexuality education, as well as policy and curriculum change to create more inclusive sexuality education approaches for disabled students and learners in Canadian provinces and territories. Many Canadian provinces do not mention disability or accommodations for disabled learners in their sexuality education curricula and all provincial curricula do not currently meet requirements set by internationally governing human rights policies. As such, this paper aims to bring to attention the different ways in which current school-based sexuality education is failing the human rights of disabled learners in Canadian schools and how sexuality education can be rethought through a social justice framework to ensure that the needs of all learners and that systems of inequality, such as ableism and heterosexism, are addressed in school contexts. Specific recommendations for policy and professional practice are provided to direct educators, policy-makers, and curriculum developers towards providing more inclusive sexuality education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. J. Davies
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malissa K. Bryan
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd Martin
- School of English and Theatre Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bronte Shay
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Akers
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rsha Soud
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice-Simone Balter
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha O’Leary
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth Neustifter
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bloor D, Ballantyne C, Gillespie-Smith K, Wilson C, Hendry G. Investigating the challenges of teaching sex education to autistic learners: A qualitative exploration of teachers' experiences. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 131:104344. [PMID: 36182810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex education is essential as it equips individuals with the knowledge to live independent and safe sex lives. However, in the United Kingdom, sex education is not particularly accessible for autistic learners which may lead to a lack of knowledge around appropriate sexual behaviours. AIMS The current study focusses on the challenges of teaching sex education to autistic learners. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The data was produced through one-to-one interviews with thirteen educational practitioners that have experienced delivering sex education to autistic learners. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was used to interpret the data, producing themes of (1) Pedagogical Restrictions, and (2) Sexual Impulses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings demonstrated that the main challenges of teaching sex education to autistic learners pertained to Pedagogical Restrictions in the classroom, and learners' own sexual impulses. These findings are a positive step towards understanding how to adapt sex education lessons to make them more inclusive and accessible for learners with autism. This study contributes to developing understanding around how to support autistic learners, highlighting gaps in the current sex education curriculum for policy makers, and enabling those surrounding autistic individuals to best support them with body transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Bloor
- School of Education, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Carrie Ballantyne
- School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Gillian Hendry
- School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Herbert C, Curtin C, Epstein M, Wang B, Lapane K. Uptake of HPV Vaccine among young adults with disabilities, 2011 to 2018. Disabil Health J 2022; 15:101341. [PMID: 35659860 PMCID: PMC9653512 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among young adults with disabilities (YAWD), despite this population having a higher risk of HPV infection and related cancers compared to the general population. OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of HPV vaccination among young adults with disabilities to young adults without disabilities. We hypothesized that YAWD would have a lower prevalence of HPV vaccination than the general population. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data for the years 2011 to 2018 of the National Health Interview Survey. Our analysis included 14,577 people (weighted n = 34,420,024) aged 18 to 26 years. Univariate and multivariable logistic models were used to estimate the role of disability on HPV vaccination uptake among young adults and to identify potential factors associated with HPV vaccination among YAWD. RESULTS The proportion of female and male YAWD with HPV vaccination was similar to those without disabilities, regardless of sex (Female Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR): 1.16; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.91 to 1.48; Male Adjusted OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.60). Among female and male YAWD, the proportion with HPV vaccination was 56.1% and 28.5%, respectively. Other factors significantly associated with HPV vaccination among YAWD included age, country of birth, healthcare utilization, and insurance status. CONCLUSIONS HPV vaccination among YAWD did not differ significantly from those without disabilities; however, the prevalence of HPV vaccination among young adult males and females remains significantly below national goals. Connecting young adults, specifically male YAWD, to the healthcare system is of utmost importance to improve HPV vaccination uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Herbert
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Carol Curtin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mara Epstein
- The Meyers Health Care Institute, A Joint Endeavor of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Fallon Health, and Reliant Medical Group, Worcester, MA, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kate Lapane
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Sexual Health Needs of People with IDD: Considerations for Support Professionals and Administrators. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-022-09754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
13
|
Sex Education for Students with an Intellectual Disability: Teachers’ Experiences and Perspectives. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11070302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sex education assists students in the development of a healthy sexual identity and relationships. However, students with an intellectual disability tend to receive less holistic sex education as compared to students without a disability. In this inclusive study, we explored the perspectives of 10 high school teachers through interviews and focus groups on how students with an intellectual disability are informed about sexual relationships and prepared for their future life living with as much autonomy as possible, including living with a partner and becoming parents. Method: The interviews and focus groups were analysed using the inductive content analysis. Results: Data analysis revealed three themes: (a) sex education; (b) self-determination and self-advocacy skills; and (c) teachers’ concerns. Conclusions: Several recommendations are discussed. These include incorporating sexuality education-related goals in an Individualised Learning Plan (ILP); teachers adopting a rights-based approach and focusing on students’ self-determination, agency, and rights regarding sex education; and providing schools with necessary resources to teach sex education.
Collapse
|
14
|
VanHorn Stinnett C, Plotner AJ, Marshall KJ. The Continuum of Support for Building Intimacy Knowledge in College for Students With Intellectual Disability. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 59:472-486. [PMID: 34814172 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-59.6.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Postsecondary education (PSE) programs allow for college students with intellectual disability to experience a higher level of autonomy in choice making, which they may not have experienced in their family home or high school. This includes choice making related to romantic and sexual relationships. The Continuum of Support for Intimacy Knowledge in College Survey (CoSIK-C) was used to examine how PSE programs support college students in building their intimacy knowledge. Types of resources and services used to build intimacy knowledge and the frequency and context in which support was provided were identified and varied across programs. Implications for practice and future research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea VanHorn Stinnett
- Chelsea VanHorn Stinnett, Anthony J. Plotner, and Kathleen J. Marshall, University of South Carolina
| | - Anthony J Plotner
- Chelsea VanHorn Stinnett, Anthony J. Plotner, and Kathleen J. Marshall, University of South Carolina
| | - Kathleen J Marshall
- Chelsea VanHorn Stinnett, Anthony J. Plotner, and Kathleen J. Marshall, University of South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Argenyi MS, James TG. Sexual Risk Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among College Students With Disabilities. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:851-854. [PMID: 33872223 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past 20 years, there has been an increase in the number of college students with disabilities (SWDs) in the United States. Students with disabilities may have not received relevant, or accessible, sexual health education from medical providers, parents, or school health educators. Because of the lack of this education, the college social environment, and developmental timing of traditional college aged students, SWDs are at risk of engaging in health compromising sexual behavior. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of traditionally aged (18- to 24-year-olds) college students who completed the National College Health Assessment administered in Fall 2017 and Spring 2018 (N = 95,119). We use prevalence and generalized linear models to describe self-reported sexual health behavior and outcomes among college students without disabilities and SWDs, by disability category. RESULTS Findings indicate that college students with disabilities-particularly students with attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder, psychiatric conditions, and multiple disabilities-are at higher risk than students without disabilities to engage in health compromising sexual health behavior and that students with multiple disabilities have higher adjusted prevalence ratios of being diagnosed and/or treated for a sexually transmitted infection. CONCLUSIONS Students with disabilities are not a monolithic population and there is cross-disability variability of engaging in health compromising and health promoting behavior. These findings highlight the need for college health promotion specialists and clinicians to advocate for accessible, sex positive, disability inclusive sexual health education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Argenyi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Tyler G James
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rubenstein E, Ehrenthal DB, Mallinson DC, Bishop L, Kuo HH, Durkin MS. Birth outcomes affecting infants of mothers with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2021; 35:706-716. [PMID: 33956997 PMCID: PMC8545714 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) face increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes, yet less is known about infant outcomes. OBJECTIVES To examine birth outcomes of infants born to mothers with IDD and assess associations with demographics and IDD-type. METHODS We used data from the Big Data for Little Kids project, which links Wisconsin birth records to Medicaid claims for live births covered by Medicaid from 2007 to 2016. We identified IDD using maternal prepregnancy Medicaid claims and ran Poisson regression (with a log link function) with robust variance clustered by mother to compare prevalence of outcomes between singleton births with and without mothers with IDD. We adjusted the associations for demographic factors and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) as the effect measure. We assessed outcomes by IDD-type (intellectual disability, genetic conditions, cerebral palsy, and autism spectrum disorder) to explore differences by categories of IDD. RESULTS Of 267,395 infants, 1696 (0.6%) had mothers with IDD. A greater percentage of infants with mothers with IDD were born preterm (12.8% vs 7.8%; PR 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42, 1.89), small for gestational age (8.5% vs 5.4%; PR 1.42, 95% CI 1.25, 1.61), and died within 12 months of birth (3.2% vs 0.7%; PR 4.93, 95% CI 3.73, 6.43) compared to infants of mothers without IDD. Prevalence ratios were robust to adjustment for demographics factors. Estimates did not meaningfully differ when comparing different IDD-types. CONCLUSIONS A greater porportion of infants born to mothers with IDD who were covered by Medicaid had poor outcomes compared to other infants. Prevalence of poor infant outcomes was greater for mothers with IDD even after accounting for demographic differences. It is imperative to understand why infants of mothers with IDD are at greater risk so interventions and management can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rubenstein
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wi, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah B. Ehrenthal
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David C. Mallinson
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren Bishop
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wi, USA
- Sandra Rosenbaum Department of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hsiang-Hui Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maureen S. Durkin
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wi, USA
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schmidt EK, Dougherty M, Robek N, Weaver L, Darragh AR. Sexual Experiences and Perspectives of Adolescents and Young Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211028225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand the sexual experiences and perspectives of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with intellectual or developmental disabilities, how they are receiving sexual education, and how sexual education can be tailored to their needs. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured focus groups and interviews with eight AYA with intellectual or developmental disabilities from January 14 to May 7, 2019. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Participants reported a diverse range of sexual experiences and an interest in marriage and parenting in the future. Two themes emerged for how AYA are learning about sexual health information: through formal (school, doctors’ visits, or from caregivers) and informal education (peers, siblings, self-exploration, or Pop Culture). Sexual education can be tailored to this population by addressing educational gaps (pregnancy, contraception, sexually transmitted infections, intimacy, and sexual activity) and by implementing specific participant recommendations (proactive, inclusive education with real-life examples). With a growing emphasis on disability rights to sexual education among individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities, it is vital to understand AYA’s experiences, perspectives, and current understanding of sexual health information so that we can design a program specifically tailored to meet their unique needs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Saini R, Ahmad W, Nazli. Awareness among parents of individuals with intellectual disability about sexual health education. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:224-229. [PMID: 35017804 PMCID: PMC8709501 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_74_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the parents have no idea that how and when they should educate about sexual health to their typically growing children. It is important for parents to educate their children with intellectual disability about sexual health. The risk of sexual exploitation and abuse is very high in individuals with intellectual disability. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to find out the awareness among the parents of individuals with intellectual disability about sexual health education. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects for the present study were the parents of individuals with intellectual disability studying at government rehabilitation institute for intellectual disabilities, chandigarh (n = 100). The present study is a cross-sectional study and subjects were selected by making use of random sampling technique. A Rating scale on "Awareness on sexual health education for parents of intellectually challenged children" developed by Lakshmi and Navya, (2014) was used. RESULTS The results revealed that there is a significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice among the parents of individuals with intellectual disability about sexual health education. The significant difference with respect to the gender on awareness about sexual health education (knowledge, attitude, and practice) among the parents of individuals with intellectual disability was found. No significant difference with respect to family type on awareness about sexual health education was found. CONCLUSION Parents who live in rural locality have responded greater on the knowledge and practice than those who live in urban locality. However, parents living in urban locality have scored more on attitude over the parents who live in rural locality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Saini
- Department of Special Education (Intellectual Disability), Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Special Education (Intellectual Disability), Government Rehabilitation Institute for Intellectual Disabilities (GRIID), Chandigarh, India
| | - Nazli
- Department of Special Education (Intellectual Disability), Government Rehabilitation Institute for Intellectual Disabilities (GRIID), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Houtrow A, Elias ER, Davis BE. Promoting Healthy Sexuality for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2021-052043. [PMID: 34183359 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This clinical report updates a 2006 report from the American Academy of Pediatrics titled "Sexuality of Children and Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities." The development of a healthy sexuality best occurs through appropriate education, absence of coercion and violence, and developmental acquisition of skills to navigate feelings, desires, relationships, and social pressures. Pediatric health care providers are important resources for anticipatory guidance and education for all children and youth as they understand their changing bodies, feelings, and behaviors. Yet, youth with disabilities and their families report inadequate education and guidance from pediatricians regarding sexual health development. In the decade since the original clinical report was published, there have been many advancements in the understanding and care of children and youth with disabilities, in part because of an increased prevalence and breadth of autism spectrum disorder as well as an increased longevity of individuals with medically complex and severely disabling conditions. During this same time frame, sexual education in US public schools has diminished, and there is emerging evidence that the attitudes and beliefs of all youth (with and without disability) about sex and sexuality are being formed through media rather than formal education or parent and/or health care provider sources. This report aims to provide the pediatric health care provider with resources and tools for clinical practice to address the sexual development of children and youth with disabilities. The report emphasizes strategies to promote competence in achieving a healthy sexuality regardless of physical, cognitive, or socioemotional limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Houtrow
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
| | - Ellen Roy Elias
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado and Special Care Clinic, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Curtiss SL, Stoffers M. Disseminating Resources Online for Teaching Sex Education to People with Developmental Disabilities. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-021-09703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Disability and Sexuality: Toward a Focus on Sexuality Education in Ghana. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-021-09699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
22
|
Schmidt EK, Hand BN, Havercamp S, Sommerich C, Weaver L, Darragh A. Sex Education Practices for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Qualitative Study. Am J Occup Ther 2021; 75:12507. [PMID: 34781351 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.044859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) express a clear interest in intimate relationships but face many barriers to receiving sex education (SE) that would support their engagement in these relationships. OBJECTIVE To understand barriers to, the context of, and recommendations for SE for people with IDD. DESIGN Qualitative study design with interviews and focus groups with four key stakeholder groups. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 8 youths with IDD, 9 parents, 12 health care providers, and 8 educators. RESULTS Four barriers to SE were identified: (1) values and cultural issues, (2) parental attitudes toward their child's sexuality, (3) a lack of organizational policies and standards, and (4) limited professional education or societal biases. These barriers contribute to a SE context primarily initiated by people with IDD or provided reactively. The participants recommended proactive, formal SE provided by multiple stakeholders throughout adulthood. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Stakeholders should advocate for policies, standards, and additional training for parents, educators, and health care providers to support SE for people with IDD throughout adulthood. What This Article Adds: Barriers to SE contribute to the current context in which SE is shared with people with IDD. Stakeholders can advocate for policies, standards, and training to overcome these barriers and support recommendations for proactive, formal SE provided by multiple stakeholders through adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Schmidt
- Elizabeth K. Schmidt, PhD, OTR/L, is Postdoctoral Fellow, Families and Autism Research Laboratory, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA;
| | - Brittany N Hand
- Brittany N. Hand, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Susan Havercamp
- Susan Havercamp, PhD, is Associate Professor, Nisonger Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Carolyn Sommerich
- Carolyn Sommerich, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Lindy Weaver
- Lindy Weaver, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Occupational Therapy, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Amy Darragh
- Amy Darragh, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Division Director and Associate Professor, Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Occupational Therapy, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schmidt EK, Beining A, Hand BN, Havercamp S, Darragh A. Healthcare providers' role in providing sexual and reproductive health information to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 35:1019-1027. [PMID: 33527499 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities demonstrate disparities in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) compared to individuals without disabilities (e.g., lack of sexual education and knowledge, increased rates of abuse, unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify topics healthcare providers address and perceived barriers and supports to SRH education. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers (N = 12). RESULTS Providers address relationships, safety, protection and appropriate sexual behaviours with clients with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Parent education and client-centred care were identified as supports, while the patient's level of understanding, the provider's lack of knowledge or access to resources and to appropriate referrals were identified as barriers to SRH education. CONCLUSION Future studies are needed to link providers to resources they can use to provide comprehensive, accessible SRH education for clients with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Schmidt
- Boston University, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - April Beining
- Department of Occupational Therapy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brittany N Hand
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan Havercamp
- College of Medicine, Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy Darragh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Namkung EH, Valentine A, Warner L, Mitra M. Contraceptive use at first sexual intercourse among adolescent and young adult women with disabilities: The role of formal sex education. Contraception 2020; 103:178-184. [PMID: 33359508 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines receipt of formal sex education as a potential mechanism that may explain the observed associations between disability status and contraceptive use among young women with disabilities. STUDY DESIGN Using the 2011-2017 National Survey of Family Growth, we analyzed data from 2861 women aged 18 to 24 years, who experienced voluntary first sexual intercourse with a male partner. Women whose first intercourse was involuntary (7% of all women reporting sexual intercourse) were excluded from the analytic sample. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the indirect effect of receipt of formal sex education before first sexual intercourse on the association between disability status and contraceptive use at first intercourse. RESULTS Compared to nondisabled women, women with cognitive disabilities were less likely to report receipt of instruction in each of 6 discrete formal sex education topics and received instruction on a fewer number of topics overall (B = -0.286, 95% CI = -0.426 to -0.147), prior to first voluntary intercourse. In turn, the greater number of topics received predicted an increased likelihood of contraceptive use at first voluntary intercourse among these women (B = 0.188, 95% CI = 0.055-0.321). No significant association between noncognitive disabilities and receipt of formal sex education or contraceptive use at first intercourse was observed. CONCLUSIONS Given the positive association between formal sex education and contraceptive use among young adult women with and without disabilities, ongoing efforts to increase access to formal sex education are needed. Special attention is needed for those women with cognitive disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ha Namkung
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy & Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States.
| | - Anne Valentine
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy & Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Lee Warner
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Monika Mitra
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy & Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Utilization and Sexuality for Teens on the Autism Spectrum. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2020; 41:667-679. [PMID: 32773528 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health care providers and educators play critical roles in supporting healthy sexuality development for youth with autism spectrum disorder. There is limited information about the sexual behavior of these youth, especially girls, and about their access to sexuality education or health care services. METHODS This study addressed these gaps by surveying parents of youth with autism aged 12-18 years (N = 298, 52.7% boys) with a range of intellectual functioning. RESULTS According to parent report, most youth experienced sexual attraction and were interested in relationships, including same-sex attraction or relationships (13.2%). Girls were more likely than boys to have had a romantic relationship and less likely to have experienced school or legal consequences for sexual behavior. Around one-fifth of youth had engaged in a socially inappropriate sexual behavior, whereas 6.4% had a known sexual abuse history and 14.5% were bullied by peers for lack of sexual knowledge. Almost 40% received no sex education in school or in the community, including 60.9% of youth with parent-reported intelligence quotient under 70. Some parents consulted with school personnel (36.4%) or health care providers (55.9%) about sexuality issues, whereas 19.5% reported taking no action aside from talking to their child about sexuality. Utilization models including predisposing, enabling, and needs-related factors were applied to parent consultation with providers and use of school-based sexuality education programming. CONCLUSION The results suggest unmet needs for sexual and reproductive health services, particularly among youth who are younger, those who have co-occurring intellectual disability, or those who are homeschooled or who attend private, charter, or therapeutic versus public schools.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kuo DZ, Houtrow AJ. Health of Newborns and Infants Born to Women With Disabilities: The Life Course Perspective. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2020-032607. [PMID: 33203647 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-032607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Z Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; and
| | - Amy J Houtrow
- Departments of Pediatrics and.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chianese AA, Jackson SZ, Souders MC. Psychosexual knowledge and education in autism spectrum disorder individuals. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2020; 33:776-784. [PMID: 33273264 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental condition. Autism spectrum disorder individuals are interested in sexual activity and pursuing romantic relationships, yet they often lack psychosexual knowledge and engage in risky sexual behaviors. The special learning needs of ASD individuals influence their exclusion from educational and social settings, resulting in fewer opportunities to acquire sex knowledge from reliable sources. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to explore factors influencing sexual knowledge and evaluate outcomes of comprehensive, ASD-tailored psychosexual education. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsychINFO, and EBSCOhost databases were used to locate peer-reviewed articles in English in the 5 years between 2013 and 2018. Keywords included "autism spectrum disorder," "child abuse," "sexual," "sexual offenses," "sexual abuse," and "sexual education." CONCLUSIONS Nine articles were included in the review. Compared with neurotypical adults, ASD adults had less sex-related knowledge, more victimization experiences, and obtained sexual information from more nonsocial sources. Knowledge is a partial mediator between ASD diagnosis and sexual victimization. Parents expressed having little support to educate their offspring and provided less sex education to children with intellectual disability and severe symptoms. Psychosexual education programs that are tailored to suit developmental and cognitive differences of ASD individuals increase knowledge and improve parent-child communication, especially for younger adolescents. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurse practitioners who care for ASD individuals should assess knowledge and victimization experiences, assess parent perceptions and concerns, and provide guidance for developmentally and intellectually appropriate sex education. These should be incorporated into practice starting at a young age and continue across the lifespan.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sexual health education for adolescents and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: recommendations for accessible sexual and reproductive health information. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2020; 4:699-708. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
29
|
Schmidt EK, Brown C, Darragh A. Scoping Review of Sexual Health Education Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-019-09593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Wolfe PS, Wertalik JL, Monaco SD, Gardner S. Review of Curricular Features of Socio-sexuality Curricula for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-019-09585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Frank K, Sandman L. Supporting Parents as Sexuality Educators for Individuals with Intellectual Disability: The Development of the Home B.A.S.E Curriculum. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-019-09582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Disparities Based on Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status Over the Transition to Adulthood Among Adolescents and Young Adults on the Autism Spectrum: a Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:32. [PMID: 30903399 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Few studies have examined disparities in autism services and functional outcomes over the life course. Transition to adulthood is an especially important developmental period, as it sets up trajectories of adult functioning. This systematic review summarizes patterns of service use and transition outcomes according to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic characteristics over the transition to adulthood. RECENT FINDINGS Forty studies were included. Low-income and racial/ethnic minority youth on the autism spectrum were less likely to participate in transition planning meetings, enroll in postsecondary education, find competitive employment after high school, live independently, participate in social activities, and receive health care transition services than their White and higher income peers on the autism spectrum. Racial/ethnic minority and low-income youth on the autism spectrum were more likely to be disconnected from educational, occupational, and social activities upon entering adulthood. Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying these disparities as a first step to addressing them.
Collapse
|
33
|
The Birds, Bees, and Special Needs: Making Evidence-Based Sex Education Accessible for Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-018-9547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
34
|
Gonzálvez C, Fernández-Sogorb A, Sanmartín R, Vicent M, Granados L, García-Fernández JM. Efficacy of Sex Education Programs for People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11195-018-9545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
Amad is a wonderful 16-year-old young man from Syria who has recently relocated to the United States from his war-torn native country. In his last few years in Syria, he was primarily at home with his mother, and they sought refuge with a maternal aunt in the United States seeking asylum and treatment of Amad's disability.At 8 years of age, he had intelligence testing in the United Arab Emirates, which showed a verbal intelligence score on the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC) of 68 and a performance of 64. His working memory was 67 and his processing speed was 65. On arrival in the United States, his achievement was roughly at a third-grade level in Arabic. In the year and a half that he has been in the United States, he quickly improved his English skills, which he learned as a toddler. His father remains in Syria unable to safely immigrate and his mother is raising him alone in the United States with the help of her sister.They come to you for an urgent care visit because Amad recently was accused of sexual harassment by two girls at his high school. He is in a substantially separate program but is included for lunch and technology. While in the computer laboratory, he repeatedly approached the girls and asks them to "date" him, and on 1 occasion sat behind 1 girl and repeatedly reached out to stroke her long blonde hair.His mother is distraught because she recently found out that Amad also has a Facebook page and had been attempting to contact the same two girls on social media. The girls' parents recently threatened to file criminal harassment charges and Amad's mother comes to you asking for help with making Amad stop this activity. What would you do next?
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Abstract
Healthy sexual development is important for adolescents with and without disabilities, yet the topic of sexuality is often ignored in the disabled population. Adolescents with mild or moderate degrees of disability have rates of sexual activity and reproductive health needs comparable to their typically developing peers. Their need for support, risk reduction, and education in sexual health may exceed that of their peers. The medical provider may support healthy sexual development through education, anticipatory guidance, menstrual and contraceptive management, and by expanding the notion of sexuality to include a broader conceptualization of sexual behavior and expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Holland-Hall
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Elisabeth H Quint
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Women's L 4000, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kattari SK, Turner G. Examining More Inclusive Approaches to Social Work, Physical Disability, and Sexuality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 16:38-53. [PMID: 28187696 DOI: 10.1080/1536710x.2017.1260517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
People with disabilities often experience the idea that those with disabilities are not, or should not be, sexual beings. This article examines how people with physical disabilities define sexual activity, their levels of sexual satisfaction, group differences in how people define different acts as sexual activities, and the differences in levels of sexual satisfaction. Additionally, this study (N = 450) looks at the correlations between levels of independence in multiple contexts. Levels of independence are also assessed in relationship to severity of disability and sexual satisfaction. Implications for social work and social service practice, education, and policy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanna K Kattari
- a Graduate School of Social Work , University of Denver , Denver , CO , USA
| | - George Turner
- b Turner Professional Group , Kansas City , MS , USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Murray BL. An Autoethnographic Story of Abuse: Healing and Finding Hope Through a Sexual Health Promotion Project for Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2016; 12:203-207. [PMID: 27846097 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This case report is the story of my son's alleged abuse, told from my perspective. At the time, Jordan, a boy with Down syndrome, was 14 years old when his disclosure of sexual abuse by a school employee occurred. As part of the healing process, I use autoethnography to tell the story. I also describe and discuss a school-based program, which I developed and deliver, to provide sexual health promotion and sexual abuse prevention to adolescents with developmental disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Lee Murray
- Author Affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan
| |
Collapse
|