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Santos IR, Raiter J, Lamego ÉC, Bandinelli MB, Dal Pont TP, Siqueira KF, Almeida BA, Panzeira W, Sonne L, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Feline pulmonary carcinoma: Gross, histological, metastatic, and immunohistochemical aspects. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:8-20. [PMID: 36112908 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Feline pulmonary carcinoma (FPC) is an uncommon neoplasm with unique morphological features. We describe the gross, histological, metastatic, and immunohistochemical aspects of FPC, based on postmortem examinations from an 11-year retrospective study. Thirty-nine cases were selected. Predispositions were observed in senior (P < .001) and Persian (P = .039) cats. There were three gross patterns of the pulmonary tumors: (a) a large nodule and additional smaller nodules, (b) a solitary nodule, and (c) small, multifocal to coalescent nodules. Extrapulmonary metastases were present in 22/39 cases (56.4%), mainly in the regional lymph nodes (17/39, 43.5%), skeletal muscles (9/39, 23%), kidneys (6/39, 15.3%), and parietal pleura (4/39, 10.2%). The primary tumor size was correlated with the occurrence of extrapulmonary metastases (P = .002). Histologically, the tumors were classified as papillary adenocarcinoma (19/39, 48.7%), adenosquamous carcinoma (ADS) (8/39, 20.5%), acinar adenocarcinoma (6/39, 15.3%), solid adenocarcinoma (3/39, 7.6%), lepidic adenocarcinoma (2/39, 5.1%), and micropapillary adenocarcinoma (1/39, 2.5%). By immunohistochemistry, 39/39 cases (100%) were positive for pancytokeratin, 34/39 (87.1%) for thyroid transcription factor-1, and 8/39 (20.5%) for vimentin. Immunoreactivity for p40 was detected in the squamous component of all ADSs (8/8, 100%) and occasionally in the glandular component of adenocarcinomas (10/31, 32.2%). Napsin A expression was absent in all feline tissue tested. The results indicate that a modified and simplified histological classification based on current human and domestic animal systems is appropriate for cats. Additionally, this study highlights the utility of p40 as an immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of FPC with squamous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor R Santos
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Raiter
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Éryca C Lamego
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcele B Bandinelli
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tainah P Dal Pont
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kalvin F Siqueira
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno A Almeida
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Welden Panzeira
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo P Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Nishimori T, Hanazono K, Matsuda K, Kawamura Y, Kadosawa T, Endo Y, Uchide T. Prognostic role of ΔNp63 expression in canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Open Vet J 2022; 11:700-706. [PMID: 35070867 PMCID: PMC8770170 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Decreased p63 protein expression in canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder is associated with vascular invasion of the tumor, metastasis, and shortened survival. ΔNp63, an isoform of p63, is downregulated in high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma in humans. However, the clinical significance of ΔNp63 expression in canine urinary bladder tumors is unknown. Therefore, it is essential to investigate ΔNp63 expression patterns in TCC, the most common urinary bladder tumor in dogs. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the expression and role of ΔNp63 in canine TCC of the urinary bladder. Methods ΔNp63 expression was compared between the normal canine urinary bladder, polypoid cystitis, and TCC. The correlation of ΔNp63 expression with histopathological and clinical findings were further evaluated, and its usefulness as a prognostic factor was examined. Results We observed that ΔNp63 was highly expressed in dogs' normal urinary bladder and polypoid cystitis, and its expression levels were low in TCC. Furthermore, low levels of ΔNp63 expression were associated with vascular invasion, metastasis, and shortened survival in dogs with TCC. Conclusion These results indicate that ΔNp63 expression could serve as a valuable biomarker for invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of canine TCC of the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiwamu Hanazono
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsuda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kawamura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadosawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Endo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Rodrigues MA, Caldeira-Brant AL, Gomes DA, Silveira TL, Chiarini-Garcia H, Cassali GD. Characterization of neoplastic cells outlining the cystic space of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the canine mammary gland. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:130. [PMID: 33761962 PMCID: PMC7992814 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare malignant breast tumor and a variant form of invasive ductal carcinoma that is an aggressive neoplasm of the human breast and canine mammary gland. The importance of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development has gradually been recognized, but little is known about the cell types outlining the cystic space of canine IMPC. This study aimed to characterize the neoplastic cells outlining the cystic space of IMPC. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), superresolution and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to assess the cell types in the cystic areas of IMPCs. Cells expressing the mesenchymal markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), Vimentin, and S100A4 outlined the cystic space of IMPC. Furthermore, loss of epithelial cell polarity in IMPC was shown by the localization of MUC1 at the stroma-facing surface. This protein modulates lumen formation and inhibits the cell-stroma interaction. Immunohistochemical and IF staining for the myoepithelial cell marker p63 were negative in IMPC samples. Furthermore, associated with peculiar morphology, such as thin cytoplasmic extensions outlining cystic spaces, was observed under TEM. These observations suggested cells with characteristics of myoepithelial-like cells. CONCLUSIONS The cells outlining the cystic space of IMPC in the canine mammary gland were characterized using IHC, IF and TEM. The presence of cells expressing αSMA, Vimentin, and S100A4 in the IMPC stroma suggested a role for tumor-associated fibroblasts in the IMPC microenvironment. The reversal of cell polarity revealed by the limited basal localization of MUC1 may be an important factor contributing to the invasiveness of IMPC. For the first time, the cystic space of canine mammary gland IMPC was shown to be delimited by myoepithelial-like cells that had lost p63 expression. These findings may enhance our understanding of the cellular microenvironment of invasive tumors to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Rodrigues
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Andre L Caldeira-Brant
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Dawidson A Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tatiany L Silveira
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Hélio Chiarini-Garcia
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Geovanni D Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil.
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Nunes FC, Damasceno KA, de Campos CB, Bertagnolli AC, Lavalle GE, Cassali GD. Mixed tumors of the canine mammary glands: Evaluation of prognostic factors, treatment, and overall survival. Vet Anim Sci 2019; 7:100039. [PMID: 32734062 PMCID: PMC7386670 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed tumors are the most frequent mammary gland neoplasms in bitches; however, studies that thoroughly describe their clinicopathological data, treatment approaches, and the survival of bitches with mixed tumors are scarce. This study evaluated the epidemiological and clinicopathological data, prognostic factors, and therapeutic approaches for bitches with mixed tumors. In all, 162 benign mixed tumors, 682 carcinomas in mixed tumors, and 60 carcinosarcomas were included. Regarding tumor size, T3 lesions were predominantly associated with carcinosarcomas, while T1 and T2 lesions occurred more frequently in benign mixed tumors and in carcinomas in mixed tumors. Based on clinical staging, most bitches with benign mixed tumors presented with stage I tumors; 92% of bitches with carcinomas in mixed tumors presented with stage I-III tumors, while 8% presented with stage IV-V tumors; and 70% of bitches with carcinosarcomas presented with stage I-III tumors, while 30% presented with stage IV-V tumors. Surgery was curative for bitches with benign mixed tumors and for those with stage I-III carcinomas in mixed tumors. Combination therapy in bitches with carcinomas in mixed tumors (IV-V) and carcinosarcomas resulted in a higher overall survival compared with bitches who underwent surgery only. Carcinosarcomas presented higher relapse rates and distant metastases than carcinomas in mixed tumors did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Camargo Nunes
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627 Bloco C3 Sala 166 PO Box 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karine Araújo Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Angélica Cavalheiro Bertagnolli
- Desidério Finamor Veterinary Research Institute (IPVDF), Diagnostic and Agricultural Research Department of the Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (DDPA/SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gleidice Eunice Lavalle
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary School, Department of Clinical and Surgical Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627 Bloco C3 Sala 166 PO Box 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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5
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Łopuszyński W, Szczubiał M, Millán Y, Guil-Luna S, Sánchez-Céspedes R, Martin de Las Mulas J, Śmiech A, Bulak K. Immunohistochemical expression of p63 protein and calponin in canine mammary tumours. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:232-238. [PMID: 30685648 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the expression of p63 protein and calponin in terms of their affinity and specificity for myoepithelial cells in canine mammary tumours. The studied material included 10 benign and 32 malignant mammary tumours from female dogs treated with mastectomy. Primary mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against p63 protein clone 4A4 and calponin clone CALP were used in single- and doublestain system of immunohistochemical reaction. The investigations have shown that majority of myoepithelial cells in benign tumours and carcinomas in situ exhibited strong positive labelling for both markers. In other malignant tumours strong immunoreactivity was observed in resting myoepithelial cells (MECs) and hypertrophic myoepithelial cells (HMECs), while the immunoreactivity in spindle-stellate myoepithelial cells (SMECs) and rounded myoepithelial cells (RMECs) was moderate. The granular-diffuse nuclear expression of p63 protein was observed only in myoepithelial cells. In terms of calponin, diffuse cytoplasmic expression was noted not only in myoepithelial cell but also in some stromal fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. The epithelial cells did not exhibit specific expression of the investigated markers. The obtained results indicate that p63 is a sensitive and more specific marker of myoepithelial cells in canine mammary tumours compared with calponin. These findings suggest that the immunohistochemical analysis peformed with the use of p63 can be a valuable complement of routine histological examinations of canine mammary tumours facilitating identification of tumours with myoepithelial component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Łopuszyński
- Sub-Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Yolanda Millán
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Córdoba University, Spain
| | - Silvia Guil-Luna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Córdoba University, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Śmiech
- Sub-Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Bulak
- Sub-Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
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Mestrinho LA, Pissarra H, Faísca PB, Bragança M, Peleteiro MC, Niza MMRE. p63 and E-cadherin Expression in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:614-20. [PMID: 25248518 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814547391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The expression of p63 and E-cadherin was studied in 22 oral squamous cell carcinomas in the dog according to immunohistochemical techniques. The association between these markers and clinicopathologic parameters was assessed. All tumor cells studied showed enhanced p63 expression. Regarding E-cadherin expression, 17 of 22 cases (77.3%) showed decreased immunoreactivity, and in 13 of 22 cases (59.1%), its expression was cytoplasmic. Neither p63 nor E-cadherin expression patterns were associated with tumor size, bone invasion, or lymph node metastasis. p63 score was related to proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferative index (P = .020). A statistically significant correlation between the expression patterns of these 2 markers was noted (P = .026). Furthermore, they were related with tumor grade. An atypical p63 labeling and a cytoplasmic E-cadherin staining were statistically related with a higher tumor grade (P = .022 and P = .017, respectively). These findings suggest that changes in p63 and E-cadherin expression are frequent events in oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mestrinho
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULisboa; Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Pissarra
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULisboa; Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P B Faísca
- Research Centre for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Bragança
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M C Peleteiro
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULisboa; Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M M R E Niza
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULisboa; Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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Hanazono K, Nishimori T, Fukumoto S, Kawamura Y, Endo Y, Kadosawa T, Uchide T. Immunohistochemical expression of p63, Ki67 andβ-catenin in canine transitional cell carcinoma and polypoid cystitis of the urinary bladder. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:263-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hanazono
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido Japan
| | - T. Nishimori
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido Japan
| | - S. Fukumoto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Y. Kawamura
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Y. Endo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido Japan
| | - T. Kadosawa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido Japan
| | - T. Uchide
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido Japan
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8
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Versican expression in myoepithelial cells from carcinomas in canine mixed mammary tumors. Vet J 2014; 200:146-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Ferreira E, Bertagnolli A, Gobbi H, Cassali G. HER-2 gene expression in atypical ductal hyperplasia associated with canine mammary carcinomas. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-41626212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H. Gobbi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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10
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Abstract
Mammary mixed tumours are the most frequent neoplasias in female dogs. In humans, mixed tumours are frequently found in the salivary glands and are known as pleomorphic adenomas. In addition to their histomorphologic similarities, mixed tumours and pleomorphic adenomas have the potential to become malignant and give rise to carcinomas in mixed tumours and carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma, respectively. The factors associated with malignant transformation are still poorly known in the case of canine mixed tumours. However, this form of neoplasia tends to be associated with a better prognosis than other malignant histological types. This paper discusses the main features associated with female canine mammary mixed tumours.
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11
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Damasceno KA, Bertagnolli AC, Estrela-Lima A, Ribeiro LG, Rabelo BS, Campos CB, Barros AL, Cassali GD. Versican expression in canine carcinomas in benign mixed tumours: is there an association with clinical pathological factors, invasion and overall survival? BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:195. [PMID: 23082892 PMCID: PMC3534148 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Components of the extracellular matrix have been studied in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the biological behaviour of tumours. The presence of the proteoglycan versican has been strongly associated with cancer development and progression. However, relationship between versican expression and clinical pathological factors and overall survival has not been previously studied in veterinary medicine. Carcinomas in benign mixed tumours (CBMTs) are one of the most common malignant tumours in female canines and can serve as models for studies of tumour progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of versican in in situ and invasive carcinomatous areas of canine CBMTs and to evaluate possible associations of versican expression with other classic prognostic factors and overall survival. Results Clinical staging; histological grade determination; immunohistochemical staining for versican, E-cadherin and Ki-67; and confirmation of invasion areas by staining for p63 and smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) were performed on 49 canine cases of CBMT. Tumour invasion was considered when suspicious Haematoxylin-Eosin
(HE)-stained areas showed a total loss of α-SMA and p63 immunoreactivity. Versican immunoreactivity was less intense in the areas adjacent to the in situ carcinomatous regions, compared to invasive regions, which showed extensive and strong staining. Conclusions Our data reveal that in canine CBMTs, versican expression differs significantly between invasive and
in situ areas, suggesting a role for this molecule in tumour progression. Although a direct relationship exists between versican and invasiveness, our results indicate that the isolated evaluation of this proteoglycan does not represent an independent prognostic factor in canine CBMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine A Damasceno
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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12
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Kim NH, Lim HY, Im KS, Kim JH, Sur JH. Identification of triple-negative and basal-like canine mammary carcinomas using four basal markers. J Comp Pathol 2012; 148:298-306. [PMID: 23079102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-based classification of canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs) has been a recent research focus. In human breast cancer, triple-negative and basal-like phenotypes are distinct molecular subgroups that are known for their poor prognosis, but these tumours are not yet well defined in the dog. The aim of this study was to determine whether CMCs include triple-negative and basal-like phenotypes by immunohistochemical assessment of expression of the oestrogen receptor (OR), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and four basal markers, cytokeratin (CK) 14, CK5/6, p63 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study of 241 CMCs, 45 triple-negative tumours (OR(-), PR(-) and HER2(-)) were identified and this phenotype was associated with an unfavourable prognosis. In these tumours, the expression of CK14, CK5/6 and EGFR was related to clinicopathological parameters, while the expression of p63 was not relevant. The majority of the triple-negative tumours were of the basal-like phenotype, given that 75.6% of them expressed more than two basal markers. However, three of the basal markers were not uniformly expressed; therefore, the proportion of the basal-like phenotype was altered on the basis of the selection of the markers. Although both triple-negative and basal-like phenotypes are distinct entities in CMC, further study is needed to differentiate one from the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumour Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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13
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Bertagnolli AC, Ferreira E, Dias EJ, Cassali GD. Canine mammary mixed tumours: immunohistochemical expressions of EGFR and HER-2. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:312-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Stockmann D, Ferrari HF, Andrade AL, Cardoso TC, Luvizotto MCR. Detection of the tumour suppressor gene TP53 and expression of p53, Bcl-2 and p63 proteins in canine transmissible venereal tumour. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 9:251-9. [PMID: 22077405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a neoplasm transmitted among healthy dogs by direct contact with injured skin and/or mucous tissue. This study aimed to identify the TP53 gene, messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and p63 proteins in histological sections of 13 CTVT samples at different stages of evolution. The in situ hybridization (ISH) and in situ reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were used, which showed the DNA homologous to TP53 and its respective mRNA in 92.3% of the samples. We detected p53, p63 and Bcl-2 proteins in most of the cell samples in different grades of intensity. In addition, 46% of the samples were in the progressive and 54% in the regression phase. This is the first description of these proteins and a detailed study of their role in CTVT cells needs to be addressed in or to verify how these cells undergo apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stockmann
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, University of São Paulo State, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Sorenmo KU, Rasotto R, Zappulli V, Goldschmidt MH. Development, anatomy, histology, lymphatic drainage, clinical features, and cell differentiation markers of canine mammary gland neoplasms. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:85-97. [PMID: 21147765 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810389480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. This article describes the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and histology of the canine mammary gland from the onset of first estrous and the changes that occur in the mammary gland during the estrus cycle. The clinical features of canine mammary gland tumors and their relation to prognosis are discussed, including age, hormones, breed, diet, and obesity. Additional clinical prognostic factors including clinical presentation, tumor size, and lymph node status at the time of presentation are discussed in relation to diagnosis and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cell differentiation markers of the normal and neoplastic canine mammary gland is described and compared with similar studies in humans; the ways these markers may be used to assist with the prognosis of canine mammary neoplasms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K U Sorenmo
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Estrela-Lima A, Araújo MSS, Costa-Neto JM, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Barrouin-Melo SM, Cardoso SV, Martins-Filho OA, Serakides R, Cassali GD. Immunophenotypic features of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from mammary carcinomas in female dogs associated with prognostic factors and survival rates. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:256. [PMID: 20525350 PMCID: PMC2894795 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system plays an important role in the multifactorial biologic system during the development of neoplasias. However, the involvement of the inflammatory response in the promotion/control of malignant cells is still controversial, and the cell subsets and the mechanisms involved are poorly investigated. The goal of this study was to characterize the clinical-pathological status and the immunophenotyping profile of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and their association with the animal survival rates in canine mammary carcinomas. Methods Fifty-one animals with mammary carcinomas, classified as carcinomas in mixed tumors-MC-BMT = 31 and carcinomas-MC = 20 were submitted to systematic clinical-pathological analysis (tumor size; presence of lymph node and pulmonary metastasis; clinical stage; histological grade; inflammatory distribution and intensity as well as the lymphocytic infiltrate intensity) and survival rates. Twenty-four animals (MC-BMT = 16 and MC = 8) were elected to the immunophenotypic study performed by flow cytometry. Results Data analysis demonstrated that clinical stage II-IV and histological grade was I more frequent in MC-BMT as compared to MC. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the intensity of inflammation (moderate/intense) and the proportion of CD4+ (≥ 66.7%) or CD8+ T-cells (<33.3%) were not associated with worse survival rate. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only lymphocytic infiltrate intensity ≥ 600 (P = 0.02) remained as independent prognostic factor. Despite the clinical manifestation, the lymphocytes represented the predominant cell type in the tumor infiltrate. The percentage of T-cells was higher in animals with MC-BMT without metastasis, while the percentage of B-lymphocytes was greater in animals with metastasized MC-BMT (P < 0.05). The relative percentage of CD4+ T-cells was significantly greater in metastasized tumors (both MC-BMT and MC), (P < 0.05) while the proportion of CD8+ T-cells was higher in MC-BMT without metastasis. Consequently, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly increased in both groups with metastasis. Regardless of the tumor type, the animals with high proportions of CD4+ and low CD8+ T-cells had decreased survival rates. Conclusion The intensity of lymphocytic infiltrate and probably the relative abundance of the CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes may represent important survival prognostic biomarkers for canine mammary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- Departamento de Patologia e Clinicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinaria- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
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Ferreira E, Bertagnolli AC, Cavalcanti MF, Schmitt FC, Cassali GD. The relationship between tumour size and expression of prognostic markers in benign and malignant canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 7:230-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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