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Rissi DR. A review of primary central nervous system neoplasms of cats. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:294-307. [PMID: 36803009 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231155400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are uncommonly diagnosed in cats. The majority of primary feline CNS neoplasms described in the veterinary literature consist of meningioma and glioma occurring mainly in the brain and less often in the spinal cord. Although most neoplasms can be diagnosed based on routine histologic evaluation, less typical tumors need to be further characterized using immunohistochemistry. This review compiles the relevant information about the most common primary CNS neoplasms of cats available in the veterinary literature, aiming to serve as a converging source of information for the topic.
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Álvarez P, Wessmann A, Pascual M, Comas O, Pi D, Pumarola M. Cerebral gliosarcoma with perivascular involvement in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919879783. [PMID: 31636916 PMCID: PMC6787989 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919879783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented with an 18-month
history of facial tics, and progressive general ataxia, weakness, lethargy
and anorexia of 2 weeks’ duration. MRI of the brain showed a well-defined
heterogeneous hyperintense mass on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, with
central hypointensity in the rostral commissure and septum pellucidum, and
perilesional hyperintensity in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery,
suggestive of perilesional oedema. Gross examination in a transverse section
of the brain at the level of the septum pellucidum revealed a 0.2 cm brown
soft mass. Histopathological examination identified a biphasic neoplastic
proliferation of mesenchymal and neuroepithelial cell populations. Fusiform
cells were predominately distributed in bundles showing a high degree of
anisocytosis and marked immune-positive reaction to vimentin
immunochemistry, confirming a sarcomatous origin. Additionally, high numbers
of astrocytic cells were identified by an intense immunopositive reaction to
glial fibrillary acidic protein and negative reaction to oligodendrocyte
transcription factor 2 immunochemistry. Vascular invasion of the neoplasia
into the wall of a medium branch of the rostral cerebral artery was present
(secondary Scherer structures). Based on these characteristics, the tumour
was defined as a gliosarcoma. Gliosarcoma is a recognised astrocytoma grade
IV anaplastic glial cell tumour with sarcomatous differentiation. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a cerebral gliosarcoma
in a cat including clinical, MRI, macroscopic and histopathological features
and immunolabelling characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álvarez
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Annette Wessmann
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
| | | | - Oriol Comas
- BalmesVet ClínicaVeterinaria, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Pi
- Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Abstract
Gliomas are common primary central nervous system neoplasms of dogs and cats, but atypical glioma subtypes are rare. Herein we report an angiocentric astrocytoma in a 15-y-old spayed female domestic shorthaired cat that was euthanized after therapy-resistant seizures. Gross anatomic changes consisted of swelling of the rostral leptomeninges over the olfactory bulbs and rostral telencephalon. Histologically, polygonal-to-elongate atypical neoplastic cells were arranged along perivascular spaces within these areas. Neoplastic cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100 protein, and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, round-to-elongate neoplastic cells emitting long processes with aggregates of intermediary filaments expanded and occupied the spaces between the vascular basement membrane and the glia limitans; nuclei had marginal and central heterochromatin. Tight junctions connected the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. The cell morphology, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural findings were consistent with an astrocytoma; the exclusive perivascular arrangement of neoplastic cells with no parenchymal mass warranted the diagnosis of angiocentric astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology (Rissi, McHale), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN (Armién)
| | - Brittany J McHale
- Department of Pathology (Rissi, McHale), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN (Armién)
| | - Anibal G Armién
- Department of Pathology (Rissi, McHale), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN (Armién)
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Hammond JJ, deLahunta A, Glass EN, Kent M, Summers BA, Miller AD. Feline spinal cord gliomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 26:513-520. [PMID: 24821692 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714533118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraparenchymal spinal cord tumors in the cat are rarely reported and often as single case reports. In the current study, the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histologic, and immunohistochemical features of 7 cases of intraparenchymal spinal cord tumors in the cat are described. All cats were domestic breed, ranged from 4 to 12 years of age (median 8 years), and included spayed females (5/7) and neutered males (2/7). The duration of clinical signs ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months. MRI revealed lesions that were hyperintense on T2-weighted images with variable contrast enhancement. All 7 tumors had histologic features consistent with glial origin: 3 were astrocytic (gemistocytic or fibrous), and 2 were oligoastrocytic. Single cases of oligodendroglioma and gliomatosis cerebri were also present in the study. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity was robust in the tumors that were predominately astrocytic, and the gliomatosis cerebri case had extensive BLA.36 and Iba1 immunoreactivity. Ki-67 immunoreactivity was variable and most abundant in the case of malignant oligoastrocytoma. The majority of peritumoral lymphocytes were CD3 positive. The current study expands upon the known reports of spinal cord neoplasia in the cat, confirms a caudal cervical segment predilection, and includes a report of gliomatosis cerebri in the spinal cord of a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Hammond
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Alexander deLahunta
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Eric N Glass
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Marc Kent
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Brian A Summers
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
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Rissi DR, Miller AD. Feline glioma: a retrospective study and review of the literature. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:1307-1314. [PMID: 28156189 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16689506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Case series summary This study aimed to evaluate the pathologic and diagnostic features of 13 cases of feline glioma diagnosed at two veterinary diagnostic institutions over 16 years. A retrospective search was conducted using the laboratory information system. Selected cases were reviewed, tumors were classified according to the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, and tissue sections were submitted to an immunohistochemistry panel for further characterization. Affected cats were adults (average age 8 years), and male neutered (9/13) domestic shorthair cats (12/13) were over-represented. Clinical signs had acute onset and were progressive, lasting from 1-60 days (average course 20.7 days). Euthanasia was elected in all but one case, owing to a poor prognosis or because of a suspicion of rabies. Tumors occurred in the telencephalon (8/13), spinal cord (3/13) and brainstem (2/13). Gross changes in seven cases consisted of well- or poorly demarcated, gray-to-brown, soft, gelatinous masses that often caused secondary changes to the brain. The final diagnosis and classification were made based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Diagnoses consisted of oligodendroglioma (six cases), anaplastic astrocytoma (two cases), oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic ependymoma, gliomatosis cerebri, glioblastoma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (one case each). Relevance and novel information This article confirms the need for a full neurologic and neuropathologic examination in cats with clinical neurologic disease. In addition, it highlights and proposes a complete routine immunohistochemical panel for diagnostic confirmation and differentiation between glioma and other morphologically similar central nervous system neoplasms in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Rissi
- 1 Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Cowart JR, Schulman FY, Mena H. Low-grade Glial Tumor with Features of Astroblastoma in a Dog. Vet Pathol 2016; 42:366-9. [PMID: 15872386 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-3-366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 12-year-old, neutered, male Belgian Malinois/Great Dane cross dog presented with a 5-month history of weakness and lack of endurance followed by acute onset of rear limb ataxia. At autopsy, a 9 x 16 mm, multilobular, firm, white to tan, expansile mass was found in the cerebellum. Mild dilatation of the lateral ventricles was also noted. Histologically, there was a well-demarcated glial neoplasm composed of medium-sized astrocytic elements that had homogeneous cytoplasm, sometimes with globular eosinophilic inclusions, irregular peripherally located nuclei with a single nucleolus, and short cytoplasmic processes. Prominent peri-vascular pseudorosettes with cellular processes in contact with blood vessels were present. Some blood vessels exhibited hyalinized walls. Mitotic figures were not observed. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. These features are consistent with an astroblastoma. This is the first clinicopathologic correlation and detailed description of a low-grade glial tumor with features of astroblastoma in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Cowart
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 14th Street and Alaska Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA.
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Johnson GC, Coates JR, Wininger F. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of canine and feline intracalvarial tumors in the age of brain biopsies. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:146-60. [PMID: 24280940 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813509387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The focus of immunohistochemistry as applied to nervous system tumors is in identifying the neoplasm present and evaluating margins between normal and neoplastic tissue. Although not always utilized by specialists in neuropathology, immunohistochemistry remains useful to resolve concerns about the differentiation and rate of tumor growth. The aims of this review are to discuss the utility of immunohistochemical reagents currently used in diagnosis of canine and feline intracalvarial tumors, to indicate the applicability of some tests currently used in human nervous system tumors for domestic species, and to evaluate a few less commonly used reagents. A panel of biomarkers is usually needed to confirm a diagnosis, with groups of reagents for leptomeningeal, intraparenchymal, and ventricular neoplasms. In the future, signature genetic alterations found among feline and canine brain tumors--as correlated prospectively with diagnosis, rate of enlargement, or response to treatment--may result in new immunohistochemical reagents to simplify the task of diagnosis. Prospective studies determining the type and proportion of stem cell marker expression on patient longevity are likely to be fruitful and suggest new therapies. Due to increased frequency of biopsy or partial resection of tumors from the living patient, biomarkers are needed to serve as accurate prognostic indicators and assist in determining the efficacy of developing therapeutic options in nervous system tumors of dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia MO 65211, USA.
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Troxel MT, Vite CH, Van Winkle TJ, Newton AL, Tiches D, Dayrell-Hart B, Kapatkin AS, Shofer FS, Steinberg SA. Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001). J Vet Intern Med 2004; 17:850-9. [PMID: 14658723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Troxel
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Stoica G, Kim HT, Hall DG, Coates JR. Morphology, immunohistochemistry, and genetic alterations in dog astrocytomas. Vet Pathol 2004; 41:10-9. [PMID: 14715963 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytoma is one of the most common tumors of the central nervous system in animals. Of the domesticated animal species, most examples are seen in dogs, and the spectrum that has been described is quiet broad. Previous studies have revealed morphologic similarities between human and animal astrocytomas. Human astrocytomas are often associated with genetic alterations that determine the clinical behavior and therapy outcome. The purpose of this study was to further characterize astrocytomas in dogs and to determine whether there are genetic changes similar to those in the human counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stoica
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA.
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Sato T, Nakamura A, Shibuya H, Shirai W, Koie H. Cerebral High-grade Astrocytoma (Glioblastoma) in a Cat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 50:269-71. [PMID: 14567516 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A cerebral tumour was found in the right frontal lobe of a 7-year-old female mongrel cat. The mass showed infiltrative growth and caused deformation of the corpus callosum. Histopathologically, the tumour cells showed anaplasia, pleomorphism and mitotic figures. Necrosis and vascular proliferation were prominent. The neoplastic cells surrounded areas of necrosis, but as an indistinct pseudopalisade formation. Immunohistochemically, low numbers of tumour cells labelled positively for anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti-S100 protein. Electron microscopically, the majority of tumour cells had no filaments and cytoplasmic processes, but the differentiated cells presented cytoplasmic filaments and glycogen granules. Based on these findings, the tumour was diagnosed as cerebral high-grade astrocytoma, glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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