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Huang Z, Wang Z, Pirone D, Bianco V, Miccio L, Memmolo P, Cao L, Ferraro P. Rapid flowing cells localization enabled by spatiotemporal manipulation of their holographic patterns. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:036114. [PMID: 39263370 PMCID: PMC11390135 DOI: 10.1063/5.0222932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lab-on-a-Chip microfluidic devices present an innovative and cost-effective platform in the current trend of miniaturization and simplification of imaging flow cytometry; they are excellent candidates for high-throughput single-cell analysis. In such microfluidic platforms, cell tracking becomes a fundamental tool for investigating biophysical processes, from intracellular dynamics to the characterization of cell motility and migration. However, high-throughput and long-term cell tracking puts a high demand on the consumption of computing resources. Here, we propose a novel strategy to achieve rapid 3D cell localizations along the microfluidic channel. This method is based on the spatiotemporal manipulation of recorded holographic interference fringes, and it allows fast and precise localization of cells without performing complete holographic reconstruction. Conventional holographic tracking is typically based on the phase contrast obtained by decoupling the calculation of optical axial and transverse coordinates. Computing time and resource consumption may increase because all the frames need to be calculated in the Fourier domain. In our proposed method, the 2D transverse positions are directly located by morphological calculation based on the hologram. The complex-amplitude wavefronts are directly reconstructed by spatiotemporal phase shifting to calculate the axial position by the refocusing criterion. Only spatial calculation is considered in the proposed method. We demonstrate that the computational time of transverse tracking is only one-tenth of the conventional method, while the total computational time of the proposed method decreases up to 54% with respect to the conventional approach. The proposed approach can open the route for analyzing flow cytometry in quantitative phase microscopy assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele Pirone
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Italy
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Italy
| | - Liangcai Cao
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Italy
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2
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Shangguan H, Urbach HP, Kalkman J. Lensless single-shot dual-wavelength digital holography for industrial metrology. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:4427-4434. [PMID: 38856623 DOI: 10.1364/ao.519491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate lensless single-shot dual-wavelength digital holography for high-speed 3D imaging in industrial inspection. Single-shot measurement is realized by combining off-axis digital holography and spatial frequency multiplexing of the two wavelengths on the detector. The system has 9.1 µm lateral resolution and a 50 µm unambiguous depth range. We determine the theoretical accuracy of off-axis dual-wavelength phase reconstruction for the case of shot-noise-limited detection. Experimental results show good agreement with the proposed model. The system is applied to industrial metrology of calibrated test samples and chip manufacturing.
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3
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Nguyen AH, Wang Z. Single-Shot 3D Reconstruction via Nonlinear Fringe Transformation: Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Approaches. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3246. [PMID: 38794100 PMCID: PMC11125235 DOI: 10.3390/s24103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The field of computer vision has been focusing on achieving accurate three-dimensional (3D) object representations from a single two-dimensional (2D) image through deep artificial neural networks. Recent advancements in 3D shape reconstruction techniques that combine structured light and deep learning show promise in acquiring high-quality geometric information about object surfaces. This paper introduces a new single-shot 3D shape reconstruction method that uses a nonlinear fringe transformation approach through both supervised and unsupervised learning networks. In this method, a deep learning network learns to convert a grayscale fringe input into multiple phase-shifted fringe outputs with different frequencies, which act as an intermediate result for the subsequent 3D reconstruction process using the structured-light fringe projection profilometry technique. Experiments have been conducted to validate the practicality and robustness of the proposed technique. The experimental results demonstrate that the unsupervised learning approach using a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) is superior to the supervised learning approach using UNet in image-to-image generation. The proposed technique's ability to accurately reconstruct 3D shapes of objects using only a single fringe image opens up vast opportunities for its application across diverse real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew-Hieu Nguyen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
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4
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Akemann W, Bourdieu L. Acousto-optic holography for pseudo-two-dimensional dynamic light patterning. APL PHOTONICS 2024; 9:046103. [PMID: 38601951 PMCID: PMC11003399 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Optical systems use acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) mostly for fast angular scanning and spectral filtering of laser beams. However, AODs may transform laser light in much broader ways. When time-locked to the pulsing of low repetition rate laser amplifiers, AODs permit the holographic reconstruction of 1D and pseudo-two-dimensional (ps2D) intensity objects of rectangular shape by controlling the amplitude and phase of the light field at high (20-200 kHz) rates for microscopic light patterning. Using iterative Fourier transformations (IFTs), we searched for AOD-compatible holograms to reconstruct the given ps2D target patterns through either phase-only or complex light field modulation. We previously showed that phase-only holograms can adequately render grid-like patterns of diffraction-limited points with non-overlapping diffraction orders, while side lobes to the target pattern can be cured with an apodization mask. Dense target patterns, in contrast, are typically encumbered by apodization-resistant speckle noise. Here, we show the denoised rendering of dense ps2D objects by complex acousto-optic holograms deriving from simultaneous optimization of the amplitude and phase of the light field. Target patterns lacking ps2D symmetry, although not translatable into single holograms, were accessed by serial holography based on a segregation into ps2D-compatible components. The holograms retrieved under different regularizations were experimentally validated in an AOD random-access microscope. IFT regularizations characterized in this work extend the versatility of acousto-optic holography for fast dynamic light patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Bourdieu
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Abbasian V, Darafsheh A. A dataset of digital holograms of normal and thalassemic cells. Sci Data 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38168104 PMCID: PMC10762191 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an intriguing medical diagnostic tool due to its label-free and quantitative nature, providing high-contrast images of phase samples. By capturing both intensity and phase information, DHM enables the numerical reconstruction of quantitative phase images. However, the lateral resolution is limited by the diffraction limit, which prompted the recent suggestion of microsphere-assisted DHM to enhance the DHM resolution straightforwardly. The use of such a technique as a medical diagnostic tool requires testing and validation of the proposed assays to prove their feasibility and viability. This paper publishes 760 and 609 microsphere-assisted DHM images of normal and thalassemic red blood cells obtained from a normal and thalassemic male individual, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Abbasian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Imaging Science Program, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Arash Darafsheh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Liu R, Wen K, Li J, Ma Y, Zheng J, An S, Min J, Zalevsky Z, Yao B, Gao P. Multi-harmonic structured illumination-based optical diffraction tomography. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:9199-9206. [PMID: 38108690 DOI: 10.1364/ao.508138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Imaging speed and spatial resolution are key factors in optical diffraction tomography (ODT), while they are mutually exclusive in 3D refractive index imaging. This paper presents a multi-harmonic structured illumination-based optical diffraction tomography (MHSI-ODT) to acquire 3D refractive index (RI) maps of transparent samples. MHSI-ODT utilizes a digital micromirror device (DMD) to generate structured illumination containing multiple harmonics. For each structured illumination orientation, four spherical spectral crowns are solved from five phase-shifted holograms, meaning that the acquisition of each spectral crown costs 1.25 raw images. Compared to conventional SI-ODT, which retrieves two spectral crowns from three phase-shifted raw images, MHSI-ODT enhances the imaging speed by 16.7% in 3D RI imaging. Meanwhile, MHSI-ODT exploits both the 1st-order and the 2nd-order harmonics; therefore, it has a better intensity utilization of structured illumination. We demonstrated the performance of MHSI-ODT by rendering the 3D RI distributions of 5 µm polystyrene (PS) microspheres and biological samples.
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Kim Y, Shin W, Lee J, Oh KJ, Ko H. Performance analysis of versatile video coding for encoding phase-only hologram videos. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:38854-38877. [PMID: 38017979 DOI: 10.1364/oe.502254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, holographic technology has made significant progress with the development of novel hologram generation methods and three-dimensional rendering devices. Nevertheless, the substantial size of holographic data presents a significant challenge to its practical applications and thus necessitates the implementation of an efficient coding solution. In this study, we evaluate the efficiency of various coding tools within the state-of-the-art video coding standard, Versatile Video Coding, for encoding video of computer-generated phase-only hologram. Specifically, we examine the coding performance of transform/in-loop filter/screen-content coding tools. Through extensive encoding experiments and various statistical analyses, we investigated the limitations of existing standard codecs that do not account for the unique signal characteristics of phase-only holograms (POHs). The effects of coding artifacts on the visual quality of numerical reconstructions rendered from compressed POHs are also analyzed in detail. These comprehensive performance evaluations will provide valuable insights for developing efficient coding strategies for POH videos.
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Jamali R, Rad VF, Razaghi M, Mohamadnia Z, Khorasani M, Moradi AR. Digital holographic microscopy of spiropyran-based dynamic materials. J Microsc 2023; 292:78-89. [PMID: 37694978 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Spiropyran (SP)-based dynamic materials undergo structural changes in response to external stimuli. In this paper, we show that digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an effective candidate for characterisation of SPs (embedded in polymer matrices) and for monitoring of their dynamical changes. The polymer matrices are polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films, which are decorated with SPs and immobilised on graphene quantum dots (GQDs). GQDs are modified by benzylamines prior to the loading of SP species because of the enhancement of hydrophobic characteristics. UV irradiation is used as the external stimulus and the dynamical changes of the samples before and after UV irradiation are measured. DHM is arranged on a novel self-referencing setup, which substantially reduces the sensitivity of DHM to environmental vibrations. Morphometric information for characterisation of the samples is obtained by analysis of the recorded digital holograms. The experimental results demonstrate the potential of the presented technique to serve as an alternative technique for surface measurement methodologies such as atomic force microscope and stylus profiler for surface characterisation of similar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Jamali
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Farzam Rad
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Razaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khorasani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Moradi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
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9
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Hassini H, Dorizzi B, Thellier M, Klossa J, Gottesman Y. Investigating the Joint Amplitude and Phase Imaging of Stained Samples in Automatic Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7932. [PMID: 37765989 PMCID: PMC10536387 DOI: 10.3390/s23187932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of many diseases relies, at least on first intention, on an analysis of blood smears acquired with a microscope. However, image quality is often insufficient for the automation of such processing. A promising improvement concerns the acquisition of enriched information on samples. In particular, Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) techniques, which allow the digitization of the phase in complement to the intensity, are attracting growing interest. Such imaging allows the exploration of transparent objects not visible in the intensity image using the phase image only. Another direction proposes using stained images to reveal some characteristics of the cells in the intensity image; in this case, the phase information is not exploited. In this paper, we question the interest of using the bi-modal information brought by intensity and phase in a QPI acquisition when the samples are stained. We consider the problem of detecting parasitized red blood cells for diagnosing malaria from stained blood smears using a Deep Neural Network (DNN). Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM) is used as the computational microscopy framework to produce QPI images. We show that the bi-modal information enhances the detection performance by 4% compared to the intensity image only when the convolution in the DNN is implemented through a complex-based formalism. This proves that the DNN can benefit from the bi-modal enhanced information. We conjecture that these results should extend to other applications processed through QPI acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Hassini
- Samovar, Télécom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (B.D.); (Y.G.)
- TRIBVN/T-Life, 92800 Puteaux, France;
| | - Bernadette Dorizzi
- Samovar, Télécom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (B.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Marc Thellier
- AP-HP, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, 75013 Paris, France;
- Institut Pierre-Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Yaneck Gottesman
- Samovar, Télécom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (B.D.); (Y.G.)
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Bleahu AI, Gopinath S, Kahro T, Angamuthu PP, John Francis Rajeswary AS, Prabhakar S, Kumar R, Salla GR, Singh RP, Kukli K, Tamm A, Rosen J, Anand V. 3D incoherent imaging using an ensemble of sparse self-rotating beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:26120-26134. [PMID: 37710480 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is one of the simplest incoherent holography techniques. In I-COACH, the light from an object is modulated by a coded mask, and the resulting intensity distribution is recorded. The 3D image of the object is reconstructed by processing the object intensity distribution with the pre-recorded 3D point spread intensity distributions. The first version of I-COACH was implemented using a scattering phase mask, which makes its implementation challenging in light-sensitive experiments. The I-COACH technique gradually evolved with the advancement in the engineering of coded phase masks that retain randomness but improve the concentration of light in smaller areas in the image sensor. In this direction, I-COACH was demonstrated using weakly scattered intensity patterns, dot patterns and recently using accelerating Airy patterns, and the case with accelerating Airy patterns exhibited the highest SNR. In this study, we propose and demonstrate I-COACH with an ensemble of self-rotating beams. Unlike accelerating Airy beams, self-rotating beams exhibit a better energy concentration. In the case of self-rotating beams, the uniqueness of the intensity distributions with depth is attributed to the rotation of the intensity pattern as opposed to the shifts of the Airy patterns, making the intensity distribution stable along depths. A significant improvement in SNR was observed in optical experiments.
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Kumar R, Anand V, Rosen J. 3D single shot lensless incoherent optical imaging using coded phase aperture system with point response of scattered airy beams. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2996. [PMID: 36810914 PMCID: PMC9944900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) techniques have revolutionized the field of incoherent imaging, offering multidimensional imaging capabilities with a high temporal resolution in a simple optical configuration and at a low cost. The I-COACH method uses phase modulators (PMs) between the object and the image sensor, which encode the 3D location information of a point into a unique spatial intensity distribution. The system usually requires a one-time calibration procedure in which the point spread functions (PSFs) at different depths and/or wavelengths are recorded. When an object is recorded under identical conditions as the PSF, the multidimensional image of the object is reconstructed by processing the object intensity with the PSFs. In the previous versions of I-COACH, the PM mapped every object point to a scattered intensity distribution or random dot array pattern. The scattered intensity distribution results in a low SNR compared to a direct imaging system due to optical power dilution. Due to the limited focal depth, the dot pattern reduces the imaging resolution beyond the depth of focus if further multiplexing of phase masks is not performed. In this study, I-COACH has been realized using a PM that maps every object point into a sparse random array of Airy beams. Airy beams during propagation exhibit a relatively high focal depth with sharp intensity maxima that shift laterally following a curved path in 3D space. Therefore, sparse, randomly distributed diverse Airy beams exhibit random shifts with respect to one another during propagation, generating unique intensity distributions at different distances while retaining optical power concentrations in small areas on the detector. The phase-only mask displayed on the modulator was designed by random phase multiplexing of Airy beam generators. The simulation and experimental results obtained for the proposed method are significantly better in SNR than in the previous versions of I-COACH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India.
| | - Vijayakumar Anand
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Joseph Rosen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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12
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Advances in Digital Holographic Interferometry. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8070196. [PMID: 35877640 PMCID: PMC9323567 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8070196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Holographic interferometry is a well-established field of science and optical engineering. It has a half-century history of successful implementation as the solution to numerous technical tasks and problems. However, fast progress in digital and computer holography has promoted it to a new level of possibilities and has opened brand new fields of its application. In this review paper, we consider some such new techniques and applications.
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Yu L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhuo K, Ma Y, Liu M, Zheng J, Li J, Li J, Gao P. Phase image correlation spectroscopy for detecting microfluidic dynamics. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:5944-5950. [PMID: 36255833 DOI: 10.1364/ao.458026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to quantify the physical properties and the dynamics of flowing particles in many fields, especially in microfluidic-related applications. We propose phase image correlation spectroscopy (PICS) as a versatile tool to quantify the concentration, hydro-diameter, and flow velocity of unlabeled particles by correlating the pixels of the phase images taken on flowing particles in a microfluidic device. Compared with conventional image correlation spectroscopy, PICS is minimally invasive, relatively simple, and more efficient, since it utilizes the intrinsic phase of the particles to provide a contrast instead of fluorescent labeling. We demonstrate the feasibility of PICS by measuring flowing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres and yeast in a microfluidic device. We can envisage that PICS will become an essential inspection tool in biomedicine and industry.
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Ma Y, Dai T, Lei Y, Zheng J, Liu M, Sui B, Smith ZJ, Chu K, Kong L, Gao P. Label-free imaging of intracellular organelle dynamics using flat-fielding quantitative phase contrast microscopy (FF-QPCM). OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:9505-9520. [PMID: 35299377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Panoramic and long-term observation of nanosized organelle dynamics and interactions with high spatiotemporal resolution still hold great challenge for current imaging platforms. In this study, we propose a live-organelle imaging platform, where a flat-fielding quantitative phase contrast microscope (FF-QPCM) visualizes all the membrane-bound subcellular organelles, and an intermittent fluorescence channel assists in specific organelle identification. FF-QPCM features a high spatiotemporal resolution of 245 nm and 250 Hz and strong immunity against external disturbance. Thus, we could investigate several important dynamic processes of intracellular organelles from direct perspectives, including chromosome duplication in mitosis, mitochondrial fusion and fission, filaments, and vesicles' morphologies in apoptosis. Of note, we have captured, for the first time, a new type of mitochondrial fission (entitled mitochondrial disintegration), the generation and fusion process of vesicle-like organelles, as well as the mitochondrial vacuolization during necrosis. All these results bring us new insights into spatiotemporal dynamics and interactions among organelles, and hence aid us in understanding the real behaviors and functional implications of the organelles in cellular activities.
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Krajcer Z. Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Medicine: Historical Overview, Current Status, and Future Directions. Tex Heart Inst J 2022; 49:480956. [PMID: 35481866 DOI: 10.14503/thij-20-7527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are rapidly gaining popularity in every aspect of our daily lives, and cardiovascular medicine is no exception. Here, we provide physicians with an overview of the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence applications in cardiovascular medicine. We describe essential and powerful examples of machine-learning applications in industry and elsewhere. Finally, we discuss the latest technologic advances, as well as the benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence and machine learning in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Krajcer
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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16
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Ohta M, Kodama S, Miyamoto Y, Osten W, Takeda M, Watanabe E. 3D imaging through a highly heterogeneous double-composite random medium by common-path phase-shift digital holography. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1170-1173. [PMID: 35230319 DOI: 10.1364/ol.451167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed for 3D imaging through a highly heterogeneous double-composite random medium made of a thick mildly inhomogeneous medium followed by a thin strongly scattering layer. To realize the immunity to the heterogeneous random medium, a system of common-path phase-shift digital holography is designed in such a manner that the wavefront distortion caused by the first inhomogeneous medium is canceled out by the common-path geometry, and the influence of the random phase introduced by the second scattering layer is removed by the intensity-based recording of the digital hologram on the thin scattering layer. The validity of the method was confirmed by experiments.
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17
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Krajcer Z. Artificial Intelligence for Education, Proctoring, and Credentialing in Cardiovascular Medicine. Tex Heart Inst J 2022; 49:480955. [PMID: 35481865 DOI: 10.14503/thij-21-7572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are rapidly gaining popularity in every aspect of cardiovascular medicine. This review discusses the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence in education, remote proctoring, credentialing, research, and publication as they pertain to cardiovascular procedures. This review describes the benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence and machine learning and the exciting potential of integrating advanced simulation, holography, virtual reality, and extended reality into disease diagnosis and patient care, as well as their roles in cardiovascular research and education. Nonetheless, much of the available data resides in electronic medical records or within industry-sponsored proprietary programs that are not compatible or standardized for current clinical application. Many areas in cardiovascular medicine would benefit from the introduction or increased use of artificial intelligence. Web-based artificial intelligence applications could be used to address unmet needs for education, on-demand procedural proctoring, credentialing, and recredentialing for interventionists and physicians in remote locations. Further progress in artificial intelligence will require further collaboration among computer scientists and researchers in order to identify and correct the most relevant problems and to implement the best data-based approach to achieving this goal. The future success of artificial intelligence in cardiovascular medicine will depend on the degree of collaboration between all pertinent experts in this field. This will undoubtedly be a prolonged, stepwise process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Krajcer
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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18
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Single-Shot On-Axis Fizeau Polarization Phase-Shifting Digital Holography for Complex-Valued Dynamic Object Imaging. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Digital holography assisted with inline phase-shifting methods has the benefit of a large field of view and a high resolution, but it is limited in dynamic imaging due to sequential detection of multiple holograms. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a single-shot phase-shifting digital holography system based on a highly stable on-axis Fizeau-type polarization interferometry. The compact on-axis design of the system with the capability of instantaneous recording of multiple phase-shifted holograms and with robust stability features makes the technique a novel tool for the imaging of complex-valued dynamic objects. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated experimentally by complex field imaging of various kinds of reflecting-type static and dynamic objects. Moreover, a quantitative analysis on the robust phase stability and sensitivity of the technique is evaluated by comparing the approach with conventional phase-shifting methods. The high phase stability and dynamic imaging potential of the technique are expected to make the system an ideal tool for quantitative phase imaging and real-time imaging of dynamic samples.
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19
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Javidi B, Carnicer A, Anand A, Barbastathis G, Chen W, Ferraro P, Goodman JW, Horisaki R, Khare K, Kujawinska M, Leitgeb RA, Marquet P, Nomura T, Ozcan A, Park Y, Pedrini G, Picart P, Rosen J, Saavedra G, Shaked NT, Stern A, Tajahuerce E, Tian L, Wetzstein G, Yamaguchi M. Roadmap on digital holography [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35078-35118. [PMID: 34808951 DOI: 10.1364/oe.435915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This Roadmap article on digital holography provides an overview of a vast array of research activities in the field of digital holography. The paper consists of a series of 25 sections from the prominent experts in digital holography presenting various aspects of the field on sensing, 3D imaging and displays, virtual and augmented reality, microscopy, cell identification, tomography, label-free live cell imaging, and other applications. Each section represents the vision of its author to describe the significant progress, potential impact, important developments, and challenging issues in the field of digital holography.
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20
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Bitmap and vectorial hologram recording by using femtosecond laser pulses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16406. [PMID: 34385498 PMCID: PMC8360943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present two approaches for recording a quasi-hologram on the steel surface by femtosecond laser pulses. The recording process is done by rotating the polarization of the laser beam by a half-wave plate or a spatial light modulator (SLM), so we can control the spatial orientation of the formed laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Two different approaches are shown, which use vector and bitmap images to record the hologram. For the first time to our knowledge, we managed to record a hologram of a bitmap image by continuously adjusting the laser beam polarization by SLM during scanning. The developed method can substantially improve hologram recording technology by eliminating complex processing procedures, which can lead to increasing the fabrication speed and reducing the cost.
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21
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Meng Z, Pedrini G, Lv X, Ma J, Nie S, Yuan C. DL-SI-DHM: a deep network generating the high-resolution phase and amplitude images from wide-field images. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:19247-19261. [PMID: 34266038 DOI: 10.1364/oe.424718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structured illumination digital holographic microscopy (SI-DHM) is a high-resolution, label-free technique enabling us to image unstained biological samples. SI-DHM has high requirements on the stability of the experimental setup and needs long exposure time. Furthermore, image synthesizing and phase correcting in the reconstruction process are both challenging tasks. We propose a deep-learning-based method called DL-SI-DHM to improve the recording, the reconstruction efficiency and the accuracy of SI-DHM and to provide high-resolution phase imaging. In the training process, high-resolution amplitude and phase images obtained by phase-shifting SI-DHM together with wide-field amplitudes are used as inputs of DL-SI-DHM. The well-trained network can reconstruct both the high-resolution amplitude and phase images from a single wide-field amplitude image. Compared with the traditional SI-DHM, this method significantly shortens the recording time and simplifies the reconstruction process and complex phase correction, and frequency synthesizing are not required anymore. By comparsion, with other learning-based reconstruction schemes, the proposed network has better response to high frequencies. The possibility of using the proposed method for the investigation of different biological samples has been experimentally verified, and the low-noise characteristics were also proved.
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22
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Sun J, Koukourakis N, Guck J, Czarske JW. Rapid computational cell-rotation around arbitrary axes in 3D with multi-core fiber. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3423-3437. [PMID: 34221669 PMCID: PMC8221929 DOI: 10.1364/boe.423035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping is a vital tool in biology, allowing precise optical manipulation of nanoparticles, micro-robots, and cells. Due to the low risk of photodamage and high trap stiffness, fiber-based dual-beam traps are widely used for optical manipulation of large cells. Besides trapping, advanced applications like 3D refractive index tomography need a rotation of cells, which requires precise control of the forces, for example, the acting-point of the forces and the intensities in the region of interest (ROI). A precise rotation of large cells in 3D about arbitrary axes has not been reported yet in dual-beam traps. We introduce a novel dual-beam optical trap in which a multi-core fiber (MCF) is transformed to a phased array, using wavefront shaping and computationally programmable light. The light-field distribution in the trapping region is holographically controlled within 0.1 s, which determines the orientation and the rotation axis of the cell with small retardation. We demonstrate real-time controlled rotation of HL60 cells about all 3D axes with a very high degree of freedom by holographic controlled light through an MCF with a resolution close to the diffraction limit. For the first time, the orientation of the cell can be precisely controlled about all 3D axes in a dual-beam trap. MCFs provide much higher flexibility beyond the bulky optics, enabling lab-on-a-chip applications and can be easily integrated for applications like contactless cell surgery, refractive index tomography, cell-elasticity measurement, which require precise 3D manipulation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nektarios Koukourakis
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen W. Czarske
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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23
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Bruckheimer E, Goreczny S. Advanced imaging techniques to assist transcatheter congenital heart defects therapies. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Messinis C, van Schaijk TTM, Pandey N, Tenner VT, Witte S, de Boer JF, den Boef A. Diffraction-based overlay metrology using angular-multiplexed acquisition of dark-field digital holograms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:37419-37435. [PMID: 33379577 DOI: 10.1364/oe.413020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In semiconductor device manufacturing, optical overlay metrology measures pattern placement between two layers in a chip with sub-nm precision. Continuous improvements in overlay metrology are needed to keep up with shrinking device dimensions in modern chips. We present first overlay metrology results using a novel off-axis dark-field digital holographic microscopy concept that acquires multiple holograms in parallel by angular multiplexing. We show that this concept reduces the impact of source intensity fluctuations on the noise in the measured overlay. With our setup we achieved an overlay reproducibility of 0.13 nm and measurements on overlay targets with known programmed overlay values showed good linearity of R2= 0.9993. Our data show potential for significant improvement and that digital holographic microscopy is a promising technique for future overlay metrology tools.
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25
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Kim JK, Kim KJ, Kang JW, Oh KJ, Kim JW, Kim DW, Seo YH. New compression method for full-complex holograms using the modified zerotree algorithm with the adaptive discrete wavelet transform. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:36327-36345. [PMID: 33379729 DOI: 10.1364/oe.406165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new method for coding a full complex hologram with random phase. Since holograms with random phase have very unique spatial and frequency characteristics, a new compression method suitable for such holograms is required. We analyze the frequency characteristics of holograms with random phases and propose a new adaptive discrete wavelet transform (aDWT). Next, we propose a new modified zerotree alogrithm (mZTA) suitable for the subband configuration generated by the modified wavelet transform method. The results of the compression using the proposed method showed higher efficiency than the previous method, and the reconstructed images showed visually superior results.
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26
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Meng Z, Ding L, Feng S, Xing F, Nie S, Ma J, Pedrini G, Yuan C. Numerical dark-field imaging using deep-learning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:34266-34278. [PMID: 33182900 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dark-field microscopy is a powerful technique for enhancing the imaging resolution and contrast of small unstained samples. In this study, we report a method based on end-to-end convolutional neural network to reconstruct high-resolution dark-field images from low-resolution bright-field images. The relation between bright- and dark-field which was difficult to deduce theoretically can be obtained by training the corresponding network. The training data, namely the matched bright- and dark-field images of the same object view, are simultaneously obtained by a special designed multiplexed image system. Since the image registration work which is the key step in data preparation is not needed, the manual error can be largely avoided. After training, a high-resolution numerical dark-field image is generated from a conventional bright-field image as the input of this network. We validated the method by the resolution test target and quantitative analysis of the reconstructed numerical dark-field images of biological tissues. The experimental results show that the proposed learning-based method can realize the conversion from bright-field image to dark-field image, so that can efficiently achieve high-resolution numerical dark-field imaging. The proposed network is universal for different kinds of samples. In addition, we also verify that the proposed method has good anti-noise performance and is not affected by the unstable factors caused by experiment setup.
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27
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Psota P, Tang H, Pooladvand K, Furlong C, Rosowski JJ, Cheng JT, Lédl V. Multiple angle digital holography for the shape measurement of the unpainted tympanic membrane. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:24614-24628. [PMID: 32907000 PMCID: PMC7470675 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The shape of the tympanic membrane (TM) plays an important role in sound transmission through the ear for hearing. Previously we developed a high-speed holographic system employing a tunable wavelength laser for rapid TM shape measurement. However, the tunable laser illumination was not sufficient to measure the shape of the unpainted TM due to the semi-transparency of the TM and short exposure time of the camera. This paper presents a new multiple angle illumination technique that allows us to use a higher power single wavelength laser to perform shape measurements on the unpainted TM. Accuracy of the new method is demonstrated by a measure of a step gauge provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We successfully applied the new shape measurement method on a fresh postmortem human TM without any paint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Psota
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec 46117, Czech Republic
- TOPTEC, Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Turnov 51101, Czech Republic
| | - Haimi Tang
- Center for Holographic Studies and Laser Micro-mechaTronics (CHSLT), Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Koohyar Pooladvand
- Center for Holographic Studies and Laser Micro-mechaTronics (CHSLT), Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Cosme Furlong
- Center for Holographic Studies and Laser Micro-mechaTronics (CHSLT), Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John J. Rosowski
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Cheng
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vít Lédl
- TOPTEC, Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Turnov 51101, Czech Republic
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28
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Wang F, Bian Y, Wang H, Lyu M, Pedrini G, Osten W, Barbastathis G, Situ G. Phase imaging with an untrained neural network. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:77. [PMID: 32411362 PMCID: PMC7200792 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Most of the neural networks proposed so far for computational imaging (CI) in optics employ a supervised training strategy, and thus need a large training set to optimize their weights and biases. Setting aside the requirements of environmental and system stability during many hours of data acquisition, in many practical applications, it is unlikely to be possible to obtain sufficient numbers of ground-truth images for training. Here, we propose to overcome this limitation by incorporating into a conventional deep neural network a complete physical model that represents the process of image formation. The most significant advantage of the resulting physics-enhanced deep neural network (PhysenNet) is that it can be used without training beforehand, thus eliminating the need for tens of thousands of labeled data. We take single-beam phase imaging as an example for demonstration. We experimentally show that one needs only to feed PhysenNet a single diffraction pattern of a phase object, and it can automatically optimize the network and eventually produce the object phase through the interplay between the neural network and the physical model. This opens up a new paradigm of neural network design, in which the concept of incorporating a physical model into a neural network can be generalized to solve many other CI problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yaoming Bian
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lyu
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Giancarlo Pedrini
- Institut für Technische Optik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Osten
- Institut für Technische Optik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - George Barbastathis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4301 USA
| | - Guohai Situ
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024 Hangzhou, China
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29
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Rastogi V, Agarwal S, Dubey SK, Khan GS, Shakher C. Design and development of volume phase holographic grating based digital holographic interferometer for label-free quantitative cell imaging. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3773-3783. [PMID: 32400505 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a volume phase holographic optical element based digital holographic interferometer is designed and used for quantitative phase imaging of biological cells [white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria cells]. The experimental results reveal that sharp images of the S. aureus bacteria cells of the order of ${\sim}{1}\;{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}}$∼1µm can be clearly seen. The volume phase holographic grating will remove the stray light from the system reaching toward the grating and will minimize the coherent noise (speckle noise). This will improve the sharpness in the image reconstructed from the recorded digital hologram.
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Messinis C, Tenner VT, De Boer JF, Witte S, den Boef A. Impact of coherence length on the field of view in dark-field holographic microscopy for semiconductor metrology: theoretical and experimental comparisons. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3498-3507. [PMID: 32400465 DOI: 10.1364/ao.379236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor manufacturers continue to increase the component densities on computer chips by reducing the device dimensions to less than 10 nm. This trend requires faster, more precise, and more robust optical metrology tools that contain complex and high-precision optics with challenging imaging requirements. Here, we present dark-field digital holographic microscopy as a promising optical metrology technique that uses optics with acceptable complexity. A theoretical analysis and an experimental demonstration of this technique are presented, showing the impact of the coherence length of the light source on the field of view. Finally, we also present the first holographically obtained images of metrology targets.
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31
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Mandula O, Kleman JP, Lacroix F, Allier C, Fiole D, Hervé L, Blandin P, Kraemer DC, Morales S. Phase and fluorescence imaging with a surprisingly simple microscope based on chromatic aberration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:2079-2090. [PMID: 32121906 DOI: 10.1364/oe.28.002079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple and compact microscope combining phase imaging with multi-color fluorescence using a standard bright-field objective. The phase image of the sample is reconstructed from a single, approximately 100 μm out-of-focus image taken under semi-coherent illumination, while fluorescence is recorded in-focus in epi-fluorescence geometry. The reproducible changes of the focus are achieved with specifically introduced chromatic aberration in the imaging system. This allows us to move the focal plane simply by changing the imaging wavelength. No mechanical movement of neither sample nor objective or any other part of the setup is therefore required to alternate between the imaging modality. Due to its small size and the absence of motorized components the microscope can easily be used inside a standard biological incubator and allows long-term imaging of cell culture in physiological conditions. A field-of-view of 1.2 mm2 allows simultaneous observation of thousands of cells with micro-meter spatial resolution in phase and multi-channel fluorescence mode. In this manuscript we characterize the system and show a time-lapse of cell culture in phase and multi-channel fluorescence recorded inside an incubator. We believe that the small dimensions, easy usage and low cost of the system make it a useful tool for biological research.
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32
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Schiller A, Beckmann T, Fratz M, Bertz A, Carl D, Buse K. Multiwavelength holography: height measurements despite axial motion of several wavelengths during exposure. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:G48-G51. [PMID: 31873484 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000g48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interferometric measurements of rotating objects face an axial motion component if the optical axis of the measurement system is not pointing towards the axis of rotation. In a typical interferometer, axial motion of half a wavelength reduces the interference contrast to zero. Our setup compensates for this axial component by an adapted variation of the reference path length during exposure utilizing a piezoelectric actuator. We present off-center measurements on a cylinder, rotating with different angular velocities. The repeatability of these measurements is dominated by motion blur, which demonstrates that the compensation of the axial motion works accurately.
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33
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Besaga VR, Saetchnikov AV, Gerhardt NC, Ostendorf A, Hofmann MR. Monitoring of photochemically induced changes in phase-modulating samples with digital holographic microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:G41-G47. [PMID: 31873483 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000g41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the performance of single-shot digital holographic microscopy for rapid characterization of static step-index structures in transparent polymer materials and for online monitoring of the photoinduced polymerization dynamics. The experiments are performed with a modified Mach-Zehnder transmission digital holographic microscope of high stability (phase accuracy of 0.69°) and of high magnification (of ≈90×). Use of near-infrared illumination allows both nondestructive examination of the manufactured samples and monitoring of optically induced processes in a photosensitive material concurrently with its excitation. The accuracy of the method for a precise sample's topography evaluation is studied on an example of microchannel sets fabricated via two-photon polymerization and is supported by reference measurements with an atomic force microscope. The applicability of the approach for dynamic measurements is proved via online monitoring of the refractive index evolution in a photoresin layer illuminated with a focused laser beam at 405 nm. High correlation between the experimental results and a kinetics model for the photopolymerization process is achieved.
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34
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Gao Y, Li R, Cao L. Self-referenced multiple-beam interferometric method for robust phase calibration of spatial light modulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:34463-34471. [PMID: 31878493 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.034463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator has wide ranging applications that require accurate phase retardance. The phase calibration of the spatial light modulator is therefore of vital importance. Available self-referenced calibration methods face the challenges of high time consumption, low efficiency, and low stability against the conditions. A self-referenced multiple-beam interferometric method is proposed to derive the global grayscale-phase response. As is presented theoretically and experimentally, the proposed method reduces the measuring time and improves the calibration efficiency by encoding multiple fringes in a single hologram. Results also show that the method is equally accurate when compared with traditional two-beam interferometric method, whereas providing a greater robustness against measuring errors since the standard deviation is only 56% of that of the traditional method.
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35
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Wang C, Fu Q, Dun X, Heidrich W. Quantitative Phase and Intensity Microscopy Using Snapshot White Light Wavefront Sensing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13795. [PMID: 31551461 PMCID: PMC6760235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase imaging techniques are an invaluable tool in microscopy for quickly examining thin transparent specimens. Existing methods are limited to either simple and inexpensive methods that produce only qualitative phase information (e.g. phase contrast microscopy, DIC), or significantly more elaborate and expensive quantitative methods. Here we demonstrate a low-cost, easy to implement microscopy setup for quantitative imaging of phase and bright field amplitude using collimated white light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congli Wang
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiong Dun
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wolfgang Heidrich
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Frausto-Rea G, De la Torre MH, Flores JM, Silva L, Briones-R M, Santoyo FM. Micrometric size measurement of biological samples using a simple and non-invasive transmission interferometric set up. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26251-26263. [PMID: 31674511 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An interferometer with a minimum of optical hardware is employed to measure invasiveness the size of biological samples. Nowadays, there are several techniques in microscopy that render high quality resolved images. For instance, consider optical microscopy that has been around for over a century and has since developed in different configurations such as: bright and dark field, phase contrast, confocal, polarized, and so on. However, only a few of these use interferometry to retrieve not only the sample's amplitude but also its phase. An interesting example of the latter is digital holography which normally uses a Mach Zehnder interferometer setup. In the research work reported here a transmission digital holographic interferometer designed with a simple and minimal optical hardware, that avoids the drawback of the small field of view present in classical optical microscopic systems, is used to measure the microscopic dimensions of pollen grains. This optical configuration can be manipulated to magnify and project the image of a semitransparent sample over a neutral phase screen. The use of a collimated beam through the sample prevents geometrical distortions for high magnification values. The measurements using this novel configuration have been validated using a standard precision pattern displacement specimen with certified dimensions. As proof of principle, microscopically characterized pollen grains are placed in the transmission set up in order to estimate their dimensions from the interferometrically retrieved optical phase. Results match and thus show a relation between the sample's size and the optical phase magnitude.
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Horisaki R, Fujii K, Tanida J. Diffusion-based single-shot diffraction tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1964-1967. [PMID: 30985786 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Holographic microscopy is a powerful technique for noninvasive label-free biomedical imaging. Most holographic methods utilize reference light and/or multiple measurements to observe both the amplitude and phase of a light wave passing through a specimen. However, such fundamental requirements degrade the spatial resolution due to the use of a reference carrier, cause difficulties for real-time imaging of dynamic biological events, and make the optical setups bulky. Here, we realized reference-free, single-shot holographic tomography by just inserting a diffuser into the optical path in a conventional microscope setup to generate randomly structured illumination. A three-dimensional complex amplitude field was reconstructed from a single scattered intensity image by means of sparsity-constrained multislice phase retrieval.
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Trapp JM, Decker M, Petschulat J, Pertsch T, Jabbour TG. Design of a 2 diopter holographic progressive lens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:32866-32877. [PMID: 30645447 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.032866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we investigate the use of holographic optical elements (HOEs) as progressive addition lenses (PALs). We design HOEs with high diffraction efficiency (DE) using the Fourier Modal Method (FMM) and optimize an optical system comprising two of these HOEs to fulfill the optical function of a 2 diopter (dpt) PAL. The resulting design is a holographic PAL (hPAL) exhibiting high DE and limited angular color error (CE) with a distribution of spherical power and astigmatism equivalent to its refractive counterpart. To our knowledge, our contribution is the first complete design of an hPAL. While our HOE design method is shown for PALs here, it has the potential to improve other applications of HOEs as well.
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Dannhauser D, Rossi D, Memmolo P, Finizio A, Ferraro P, Netti PA, Causa F. Biophysical investigation of living monocytes in flow by collaborative coherent imaging techniques. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5194-5204. [PMID: 30460122 PMCID: PMC6238935 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We implemented a completely label-free biophysical (morphometric and optical) property characterization of living monocytes in flow, using measurements obtained from two coherent imaging techniques: a pure light scattering approach to obtain an optical signature (OS) of cells, and a digital holography (DH) approach to achieve optical cell reconstructions in flow. A precise 3D cell alignment platform, taking advantage of viscoelastic fluid properties and microfluidic channel geometry, was used to investigate the OS of cells to achieve their refractive index, ratio of the nucleus over cytoplasm, and overall cell dimension. Further quantitative phase-contrast reconstructions by DH were employed to calculate surface area, dry mass, and biovolume of monocytes by using the OS outcomes as input parameters. The results show significantly different biophysical cell properties, confirming the possibility to differentiate monocytes from other cell classes in flow, thus avoiding chemical cell staining or labeling, which are nowadays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dannhauser
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Rossi
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR-ISASI Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Finizio
- CNR-ISASI Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Causa
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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40
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Cheng CJ, Chang Chien KC, Lin YC. Digital hologram for data augmentation in learning-based pattern classification. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5419-5422. [PMID: 30383022 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a novel data augmentation method based on numerical focusing of digital holography to boost the performance of learning-based pattern classification. To conduct digital holographic data augmentation (DHDA), a complex pattern diffraction approach is used to provide the least separation of confusion in the effective diffraction regime to access the full-field wavefront information of a target sample. By using DHDA, the accessible amount of labeled data is increased to complement the data manifold and to provide various three-dimensional diffraction characteristics for improving the performance of learning-based pattern classification. Experimental results demonstrated that overall accuracy of pattern classification with DHDA (95.1%) was higher than that without DHDA (90.9%).
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41
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Min J, Zhou M, Yuan X, Wen K, Yu X, Peng T, Yao B. Optical thickness measurement with single-shot dual-wavelength in-line digital holography. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4469-4472. [PMID: 30211892 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An algorithm for quantitative reconstruction of the optical thickness distribution of objects is proposed based on single-shot dual-wavelength in-line digital holography. Two single-wavelength holograms can be extracted from a single-shot recorded dual-wavelength in-line hologram. The quantitative optical thickness distribution of the specimen can be reconstructed directly without calculations of the phase images at every single wavelength. Thus, off-axis recording and phase-shifting operation are not required, enabling a fast and high-resolution measurement. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by both numerical simulations and experimental results.
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Bianco V, Memmolo P, Leo M, Montresor S, Distante C, Paturzo M, Picart P, Javidi B, Ferraro P. Strategies for reducing speckle noise in digital holography. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:48. [PMID: 30839600 PMCID: PMC6106996 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Digital holography (DH) has emerged as one of the most effective coherent imaging technologies. The technological developments of digital sensors and optical elements have made DH the primary approach in several research fields, from quantitative phase imaging to optical metrology and 3D display technologies, to name a few. Like many other digital imaging techniques, DH must cope with the issue of speckle artifacts, due to the coherent nature of the required light sources. Despite the complexity of the recently proposed de-speckling methods, many have not yet attained the required level of effectiveness. That is, a universal denoising strategy for completely suppressing holographic noise has not yet been established. Thus the removal of speckle noise from holographic images represents a bottleneck for the entire optics and photonics scientific community. This review article provides a broad discussion about the noise issue in DH, with the aim of covering the best-performing noise reduction approaches that have been proposed so far. Quantitative comparisons among these approaches will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Bianco
- CNR-ISASI Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR-ISASI Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Marco Leo
- CNR-ISASI Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Silvio Montresor
- Université du Maine, CNRS UMR 6613, LAUM, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Cosimo Distante
- CNR-ISASI Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Melania Paturzo
- CNR-ISASI Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Pascal Picart
- Université du Maine, CNRS UMR 6613, LAUM, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Bahram Javidi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, U-4157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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43
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Cacace T, Bianco V, Paturzo M, Memmolo P, Vassalli M, Fraldi M, Mensitieri G, Ferraro P. Retrieving acoustic energy densities and local pressure amplitudes in microfluidics by holographic time-lapse imaging. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1921-1927. [PMID: 29878010 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of techniques able to characterize and map the pressure field is crucial for the widespread use of acoustofluidic devices in biotechnology and lab-on-a-chip platforms. In fact, acoustofluidic devices are powerful tools for driving precise manipulation of microparticles and cells in microfluidics in non-contact modality. Here, we report a full and accurate characterization of the movement of particles subjected to acoustophoresis in a microfluidic environment by holographic imaging. The particle displacement along the direction of the ultrasound wave propagation, coinciding with the optical axis, is observed and investigated. Two resonance frequencies are explored, varying for each the amplitude of the applied signal. The trajectories of individual tracers, accomplished by holographic measurements, are fitted with the theoretical model thus allowing the retrieval of the acoustic energy densities and pressure amplitudes through full holographic analysis. The absence of prior calibration, being independent of the object shape and the possibility of implementing automatic analysis make the use of holography very appealing for applications in devices for biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cacace
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems 'E. Caianiello', Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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Yang Y, Cheng ZJ, Zhao HM, Yue QY, Guo CS. Quantitative phase imaging system with slightly-off-axis configuration and suitable for objects both larger and smaller than the size of the image sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17199-17208. [PMID: 30119534 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantitative phase imaging system with exact slightly-off-axis configuration and suitable for objects both smaller and larger than the size of the effective recording region of the image sensors. In this system, the object is illuminated by a convergent spherical beam and a specially designed aperture filter is placed on the spatial frequency plane of the object wave; at the same time, a point source emitting from the edge of the aperture is taken as the reference beam, so that the optimal frequency condition for reconstruction of slightly-off-axis digital holograms can be always guaranteed for both large and small objects as well as different magnification (or the field of view) configurations. At the same time, a 1x2 single-mode optical fiber splitter is used for generating the reference and the illumination beams. Benefited from such fiber-based slightly-off-axis design, the proposed system provides a low-cost way to convert a regular microscope into a slightly-off-axis holographic one for microbiological specimens with a high spatial resolution.
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45
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Lin YC, Tu HY, Wu XR, Lai XJ, Cheng CJ. One-shot synthetic aperture digital holographic microscopy with non-coplanar angular-multiplexing and coherence gating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:12620-12631. [PMID: 29801300 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.012620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes one-shot synthetic aperture digital holographic microscopy using a combination of angular-multiplexing and coherence gating. The proposed angular-multiplexing technique uses multiple noncoplanar incident beams into the synthetic aperture to create tight packed passbands so as to extend spatial frequency spectrum. Coherence gating is performed to prevent the self-interference among the multiple beams. Based on the design guideline proposed herein, a phase-only spatial light modulator is employed as an adjustable blazed grating to split multiple noncoplanar beams and perform angular-multiplexing, and then using coherence gating based on low-coherence-light, superresolution imaging is achieved after one-shot acquisition.
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46
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Nobukawa T, Muroi T, Katano Y, Kinoshita N, Ishii N. Single-shot phase-shifting incoherent digital holography with multiplexed checkerboard phase gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1698-1701. [PMID: 29652343 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot phase-shifting incoherent digital holography with multiplexed checkerboard phase gratings is proposed for acquiring holograms of moving objects. The gratings presented here play the following three roles: dividing the beams, modulating the curvature of spherical beams, and introducing different phase shifts. With the gratings of our proposed method, four individual holograms of a spatially incoherent light are formed on an image sensor. Therefore, it is possible to simultaneously capture four holograms and implement a phase-shifting technique. A proof-of-principle experiment was conducted to show the feasibility of the proposed method.
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47
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Abbasian V, Akhlaghi EA, Charsooghi MA, Bazzar M, Moradi AR. Digital holographic microscopy for 3D surface characterization of polymeric nanocomposites. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 185:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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48
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Cazac V, Meshalkin A, Achimova E, Abashkin V, Katkovnik V, Shevkunov I, Claus D, Pedrini G. Surface relief and refractive index gratings patterned in chalcogenide glasses and studied by off-axis digital holography. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:507-513. [PMID: 29400803 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface relief gratings and refractive index gratings are formed by direct holographic recording in amorphous chalcogenide nanomultilayer structures As2S3-Se and thin films As2S3. The evolution of the grating parameters, such as the modulation of refractive index and relief depth in dependence of the holographic exposure, is investigated. Off-axis digital holographic microscopy is applied for the measurement of the photoinduced phase gratings. For the high-accuracy reconstruction of the wavefront (amplitude and phase) transmitted by the fabricated gratings, we used a computational technique based on the sparse modeling of phase and amplitude. Both topography and refractive index maps of recorded gratings are revealed. Their separated contribution in diffraction efficiency is estimated.
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49
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Guo C, Li Q, Zhang X, Tan J, Liu S, Liu Z. Enhancing imaging contrast via weighted feedback for iterative multi-image phase retrieval. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29388412 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.1.016015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iterative phase retrieval (IPR) has developed into a feasible and simple computational method to retrieve a complex-valued sample. Due to coherent illumination, the reconstructed image quality is degraded by speckle noise arising from a laser. Accordingly, partially coherent illumination has been introduced to alleviate this restriction. We apply weighted feedback modality into multidistance and multiwavelength phase retrieval to realize high-contrast and fast imaging. In simulation, it is proved that IPR based on weighted feedback accelerates the convergence in partially coherent illumination and speckle illumination. In experiment, the resolution chart and biological specimen are reconstructed in lensless and lens-based systems, which also demonstrate the performance of weighted feedback. This work provides a simple and high-contrast imaging modality for IPR. Also, it facilitates compact and flexible experimental implementation for label-free imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiubin Tan
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin, China
| | - Shutian Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengjun Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Automatic Test and Control, Harbin, China
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Cheremkhin PA, Kurbatova EA. Quality of reconstruction of compressed off-axis digital holograms by frequency filtering and wavelets. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:A55-A64. [PMID: 29328130 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000a55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compression of digital holograms can significantly help with the storage of objects and data in 2D and 3D form, its transmission, and its reconstruction. Compression of standard images by methods based on wavelets allows high compression ratios (up to 20-50 times) with minimum losses of quality. In the case of digital holograms, application of wavelets directly does not allow high values of compression to be obtained. However, additional preprocessing and postprocessing can afford significant compression of holograms and the acceptable quality of reconstructed images. In this paper application of wavelet transforms for compression of off-axis digital holograms are considered. The combined technique based on zero- and twin-order elimination, wavelet compression of the amplitude and phase components of the obtained Fourier spectrum, and further additional compression of wavelet coefficients by thresholding and quantization is considered. Numerical experiments on reconstruction of images from the compressed holograms are performed. The comparative analysis of applicability of various wavelets and methods of additional compression of wavelet coefficients is performed. Optimum parameters of compression of holograms by the methods can be estimated. Sizes of holographic information were decreased up to 190 times.
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