1
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Kim HS, Khan AA, Park JY, Lee S, Ahn YH. Mechanical Control of Polaritonic States in Lead Halide Perovskite Phonons Strongly Coupled in THz Microcavity. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10318-10327. [PMID: 37943739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation and control of polaritonic states in perovskite phonon polaritons, which are strongly coupled in the middle of a flexible Fabry-Perot cavity. We fabricated flexible perovskite films on a microporous substrate coated with graphene oxide, which led to a virtually free-standing film incorporated into the microcavity. Rabi splitting was observed when the cavity resonance was in tune with that of the phonons. The Rabi splitting energy increased as the film thickness increased, reaching 1.9 meV, which is 2.4-fold higher than the criterion for the strong coupling regime. We obtained dispersion curves for various perovskite film thicknesses exhibiting two polariton branches; clear beats between the two polaritonic branches were observed in the time domain. Flexible cavity devices with perovskite phonons enable macroscopic control over the polaritonic energy states through bending processes, which add an additional degree of freedom in the manipulation of polaritonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - A A Khan
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - J-Y Park
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Y H Ahn
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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2
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Xu W, Fang W, Shi T, Ming X, Wang Y, Xie L, Peng L, Chen HT, Ying Y. Plasmonic Terahertz Devices and Sensors Based on Carbon Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:12560-12569. [PMID: 36847242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tunable terahertz (THz) photonic devices are imperative in a wide range of applications ranging from THz signal modulation to molecular sensing. One of the currently prevailing methods is based on arrays of metallic or dielectric resonators integrated with functional materials in response to an external stimulus, in which for the purpose of sensing the external stimuli may introduce inadvertent undesirable effects into the target samples to be measured. Here we developed an alternative approach by postprocessing nanothickness macro-assembled graphene (nMAG) films with widely tunable THz conductivity, enabling versatile solid-state THz devices and sensors, showing multifunctional nMAG-based applications. The THz conductivities of free-standing nMAGs showed a broad range from 1.2 × 103 S/m in reduced graphene oxide before annealing to 4.0 × 106 S/m in a nMAG film annealed at 2800 °C. We fabricated nMAG/dielectric/metal and nMAG/dielectric/nMAG THz Salisbury absorbers with broad reflectance ranging from 0% to 80%. The highly conductive nMAG films enabled THz metasurfaces for sensing applications. Taking advantage of the resonant field enhancement arising from the plasmonic metasurface structures and the strong interactions between analyte molecules and nMAG films, we successfully detected diphenylamine with a limit of detection of 4.2 pg. Those wafer-scale nMAG films present promising potential in high-performance THz electronics, photonics, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wenzhang Fang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Teng Shi
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Xin Ming
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Peng
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hou-Tong Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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3
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Cano PHZ, Amanatiadis S, Zaharis ZD, Yioultsis TV, Lazaridis PI, Kantartzis NV. Robust FDTD Modeling of Graphene-Based Conductive Materials with Transient Features for Advanced Antenna Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:384. [PMID: 36770346 PMCID: PMC9920562 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accurate modeling of frequency-dispersive materials is a challenging task, especially when a scheme with a transient nature is utilized, as it is the case of the finite-difference time-domain method. In this work, a novel implementation for the modeling of graphene-oriented dispersive materials via the piecewise linear recursive convolution scheme, is introduced, while the time-varying conductivity feature is, additionally, launched. The proposed algorithm is employed to design a reduced graphene-oxide antenna operating at 6 GHz. The transient response to graphene's conductivity variations is thoroughly studied and a strategy to enhance the antenna performance by exploiting the time-varying graphene oxide is proposed. Finally, the use of the featured antenna for modern sensing applications is demonstrated through the real-time monitoring of voltage variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo H. Zapata Cano
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Amanatiadis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zaharias D. Zaharis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Traianos V. Yioultsis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavlos I. Lazaridis
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Nikolaos V. Kantartzis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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4
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Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was initially developed to emulate graphene, but it was soon recognized as a functional material in its own right, addressing an application space that is not accessible to graphene and other carbon materials. Over the past decade, research on GO has made tremendous advances in material synthesis and property tailoring. These, in turn, have led to rapid progress in GO-based photonics, electronics and optoelectronics, paving the way for technological breakthroughs with exceptional performance. In this Review, we provide an overview of the optical, electrical and optoelectronic properties of GO and reduced GO on the basis of their chemical structures and fabrication approaches, together with their applications in key technologies such as solar energy harvesting, energy storage, medical diagnosis, image display and optical communications. We also discuss the challenges of this field, together with exciting opportunities for future technological advances.
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5
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Rehman H, Golubewa L, Basharin A, Urbanovic A, Lahderanta E, Soboleva E, Matulaitiene I, Jankunec M, Svirko Y, Kuzhir P. Fragmented graphene synthesized on a dielectric substrate for THz applications. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:395703. [PMID: 35623324 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fragmented multi-layered graphene films were directly synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on dielectric substrates with a pre-deposited copper catalyst. We demonstrate that the thickness of the sacrificial copper film, process temperature, and growth time essentially influence the integrity, quality, and disorder of the synthesized graphene. Atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements revealed the presence of nano-agglomerates and charge puddles. The potential gradients measured over the sample surface confirmed that the deposited graphene film possessed a multilayered structure, which was modelled as an ensemble of randomly oriented conductive prolate ellipsoids. THz time domain spectroscopy measurements gave theacconductivity of the graphene flakes and homogenized graphitic films as being around 1200 S cm-1and 1000 S cm-1, respectively. Our approach offers a scalable fabrication of graphene structures composed of graphene flakes, which have effective conductivity sufficient for a wide variety of THz applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Rehman
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Lena Golubewa
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexey Basharin
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Andzej Urbanovic
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Erkki Lahderanta
- Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Soboleva
- Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Ieva Matulaitiene
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marija Jankunec
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yuri Svirko
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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6
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Zhang Y, Wu J, Yang Y, Qu Y, Jia L, Jia B, Moss DJ. Enhanced Spectral Broadening of Femtosecond Optical Pulses in Silicon Nanowires Integrated with 2D Graphene Oxide Films. Micromachines 2022; 13:mi13050756. [PMID: 35630223 PMCID: PMC9145626 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate enhanced spectral broadening of femtosecond optical pulses after propagation through silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire waveguides integrated with two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) films. Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SOI nanowires and the GO films with a high Kerr nonlinearity, the self-phase modulation (SPM) process in the hybrid waveguides is significantly enhanced, resulting in greatly improved spectral broadening of the femtosecond optical pulses. A solution-based, transfer-free coating method is used to integrate GO films onto the SOI nanowires with precise control of the film thickness. Detailed SPM measurements using femtosecond optical pulses are carried out, achieving a broadening factor of up to ~4.3 for a device with 0.4-mm-long, 2 layers of GO. By fitting the experimental results with the theory, we obtain an improvement in the waveguide nonlinear parameter by a factor of ~3.5 and in the effective nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) by a factor of ~3.8, relative to the uncoated waveguide. Finally, we discuss the influence of GO film length on the spectral broadening and compare the nonlinear optical performance of different integrated waveguides coated with GO films. These results confirm the improved nonlinear optical performance of silicon devices integrated with 2D GO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Qu
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Linnan Jia
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - David J Moss
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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7
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Krystyjan M, Khachatryan G, Grabacka M, Krzan M, Witczak M, Grzyb J, Woszczak L. Physicochemical, Bacteriostatic, and Biological Properties of Starch/Chitosan Polymer Composites Modified by Graphene Oxide, Designed as New Bionanomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2327. [PMID: 34301083 PMCID: PMC8309611 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of natural polymer matrices as medical device components or food packaging materials has gained a considerable popularity in recent years, this has occurred in response to the increasing plastic pollution hazard. Currently, constant progress is being made in designing two-component or three-component systems that combine natural materials which help to achieve a quality comparable to the purely synthetic counterparts. This study describes a green synthesis preparation of new bionanocomposites consisting of starch/chitosan/graphene oxide (GO), that possess improved biological activities; namely, good tolerability by human cells with concomitant antimicrobial activity. The structural and morphological properties of bionanocomposites were analyzed using the following techniques: dynamic light scattering, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, wettability and free surface energy determination, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study confirmed the homogenous distribution of GO layers within the starch/chitosan matrix and their large particle size. The interactions among the components were stronger in thin films. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, surface colour measurements, transparency, water content, solubility, and swelling degree of composites were also performed. The mechanical parameters, such as tensile strength and elongation at break (EAB) were measured in order to characterise the functional properties of obtained nanocomposites. The GO additive altered the thermal features of the composites and decreased their brightness. The EAB of composite was improved by the introduction of GO. Importantly, cell-based analyses revealed no toxic effect of the composites on HaCat keratinocytes and HepG2 hepatoma cells, although a pronounced bacteriostatic effect against various strains of pathogenic bacteria was observed. In conclusion, the starch/chitosan/GO nanocomposites reveal numerous useful physicochemical and biological features, which make them a promising alternative for purely synthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krystyjan
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (G.K.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Gohar Khachatryan
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (G.K.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (G.K.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Marcel Krzan
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Witczak
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (G.K.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Jacek Grzyb
- Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Liliana Woszczak
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (G.K.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (L.W.)
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8
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Huang F, Fan S, Li X, Qu X, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Dong X, Cao T. Enhanced dielectric and conductivity properties of carbon-coated SiC nanocomposites in the terahertz frequency range. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:265705. [PMID: 33843661 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
C-coated SiC nanocomposites (SiC@C NCs) were one-step synthesized under a mixture atmosphere of Ar and CH4 using a DC arc-discharge plasma method. The microstructure of the composites could be controlled by varying the volume ratio of Ar and CH4. A strong response to the terahertz (THz) field was observed due to the existence of a graphite shell. The dielectric properties of SiC@C NCs can be enhanced by altering the thickness of the graphite shell. The thicker graphite shell results in a stronger absorption of THz waves and an enhanced real part of conductivity. Fitting the measured conductivity data using the Drude-Smith model reveals that the carrier transport in the SiC@C NCs and its counterpart, the SiC nanoparticles, is dominated by backscattering. The SiC@C NCs with enhanced conductivity are believed to be fundamental materials for various functionalized optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feirong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zeranska-Chudek K, Siemion A, Palka N, Mdarhri A, Elaboudi I, Brosseau C, Zdrojek M. Terahertz Shielding Properties of Carbon Black Based Polymer Nanocomposites. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:835. [PMID: 33572422 PMCID: PMC7916217 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The majority of industry using high-speed communication systems is shifting towards higher frequencies, namely the terahertz range, to meet demands of more effective data transfer. Due to the rising number of devices working in terahertz range, effective shielding of electromagnetic interference (EMI) is required, and thus the need for novel shielding materials to reduce the electromagnetic pollution. Here, we show a study on optical and electrical properties of a series of ethylene co-butyl acrylate/carbon black (EBA/CB) composites with various CB loading. We investigate the transmittance, reflectance, shielding efficiency, absorption coefficient, refractive index and complex dielectric permittivity of the fabricated composites. Finally, we report a material that exhibits superior shielding efficiency (SE)-80 dB at 0.9 THz (14.44 vol% CB loading, 1 mm thick)-which is one of the highest SE values among non-metallic composite materials reported in the literature thus far. Importantly, 99% of the incoming radiation is absorbed by the material, significantly increasing its applicability. The absorption coefficient (α) reaches ~100 cm-1 for the samples with highest CB loading. The EBA/CB composites can be used as lightweight and flexible shielding packaging materials for electronics, as passive terahertz absorbers or as radiation shields for stealth applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Zeranska-Chudek
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00–662 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Agnieszka Siemion
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00–662 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Norbert Palka
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00–908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ahmed Mdarhri
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques Cadi Ayyad University, A. Khattabi BP 549, 40 000 Marrakesh, Morocco; (A.M.); (I.E.)
| | - Ilham Elaboudi
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques Cadi Ayyad University, A. Khattabi BP 549, 40 000 Marrakesh, Morocco; (A.M.); (I.E.)
| | - Christian Brosseau
- Lab-STICC, French National Center for Scientific Research, University of Brest, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CEDEX 3, 29238 Brest, France;
| | - Mariusz Zdrojek
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00–662 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.Z.)
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Zeranska‐Chudek K, Lapinska A, Siemion A, Jastrzębska AM, Zdrojek M. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy of graphene and
MXene
polymer composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Lapinska
- Faculty of Physics Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland
| | | | | | - Mariusz Zdrojek
- Faculty of Physics Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland
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11
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Kim HG, Oh IK, Lee S, Jeon S, Choi H, Kim K, Yang JH, Chung JW, Lee J, Kim WH, Lee HBR. Analysis of Defect Recovery in Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Application as a Heater for Self-Healing Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:16804-16814. [PMID: 30964978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) obtained from graphene oxide has received much attention because of its simple and cost-effective manufacturing process. Previous studies have demonstrated the scalable production of RGO with relatively high quality; however, irreducible defects on RGO deteriorate the unique intrinsic physical properties of graphene, such as high-mobility electrical charge transport, limiting its potential applicability. Using the enhanced chemical reactivity of such defects, atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be a useful method to selectively passivate the defect sites. Herein, we analyzed the selective formation of Pt by ALD on the defect sites of RGO and investigated the effect of Pt formation on the electrical properties of RGO by using ultrafast terahertz (THz) laser spectroscopy. Time-resolved THz measurements directly corroborated that the degree of the defect-recovering property of ALD Pt-treated RGO appearing as Auger-type sub-picosecond relaxation, which is otherwise absent in pristine RGO. In addition, the conductivity improvement of Pt-recovered RGO was theoretically explained by density functional theory calculations. The ALD Pt-passivated RGO yielded a superior platform for the fabrication of a highly conductive and transparent graphene heater. By using the ALD Pt/RGO heater embedded underneath scratched self-healing polymer materials, we also demonstrated the effective recovery property of self-healing polymers with high-performance heating capability. Our work is expected to result in significant advances toward practical applications for RGO-based flexible and transparent electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Sera Jeon
- Department of Physics , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Physics , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Joo Ho Yang
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering , Soongsil University , Seoul 06978 , Korea
| | - Jae Woo Chung
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering , Soongsil University , Seoul 06978 , Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Department of Physics , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Korea
| | - Woo-Hee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Hanyang University , Ansan 15588 , Korea
| | - Han-Bo-Ram Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Korea
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12
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Skalsky S, Molloy J, Naftaly M, Sainsbury T, Paton KR. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy as a novel metrology tool for liquid-phase exfoliated few-layer graphene. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:025709. [PMID: 30398164 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae8ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer graphene (FLG) platelets exfoliated directly from graphite are finding a wide range of potential applications, including composites and printed electronics. However, characterisation of the FLG material following incorporation into polymers, including the quality of the dispersion, remains a challenge. Here, we present the use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy as a potential solution to this challenge which could form the basis of a rapid characterisation tool. The THz refractive index was found to be highly sensitive to the loading of FLG, opening the route to mapping local FLG concentration within a polymer composite sample. By fitting the measured permittivity of the flakes to the Drude-Smith model of conductivity, we also show that the carrier concentrations of these materials are comparable to un-doped chemical vapour deposition produced materials. The ability to measure electronic properties of FLG following processing is important to ensure that defects have not been introduced or chemical functionalisation removed during processing.
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13
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Qi M, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Zhu L, Xu X, Ren Z, Bai J. Interface-induced terahertz persistent photoconductance in rGO-gelatin flexible films. Nanoscale 2017; 9:637-646. [PMID: 27942660 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced difference terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is used to investigate the dielectric characteristics of reduced graphene oxide-gelatin (rGO-Gel) flexible films. RGO-Gel films are observed to exhibit positive photoconductance under 800 nm laser illumination, resulting in the modulation depth of the THz transmission up to 33.5%. Moreover, persistent photoconductance (PPC), which is a prolonged light-induced conducting behavior, has been observed to last as long as tens of seconds in rGO-Gel films. The PPC phenomenon is due to the electrons trapped in the defects of rGO and in the interface between rGO and gelatin, and is enhanced by the strong interaction between rGO (a p-type semiconductor) and gelatin (electron donors). This work holds potential for creating optoelectronic devices based on rGO-Gel films, such as optical modulators, switches, photodetectors, photosensors, and persistent photonic memory devices in the THz region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Qi
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Y Zhou
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Y Huang
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - L Zhu
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - X Xu
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Z Ren
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - J Bai
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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14
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Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that terahertz (THz) metamaterials are powerful tools for determination of dielectric constants of polymer films and polar liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Park
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 16499
- Korea
| | - S. A. N. Yoon
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 16499
- Korea
| | - Y. H. Ahn
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 16499
- Korea
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15
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Jeong H, Lee KM, Ahn YH, Lee S, Park JY. Non-Contact Local Conductance Mapping of Individual Graphene Oxide Sheets during the Reduction Process. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2629-2635. [PMID: 26266745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We used electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) to investigate local conducting states of atomically thin individual graphene oxide (GO) sheets and monitor the spatial evolution of their conducting properties during the reduction process. Because of the thinness of the GO sheets and finite carrier density, the electric field is partially screened in the reduced GO, which is manifested in the EFM phase signals. We found inhomogeneous oxidation states in as-prepared GO sheets and followed the evolution of reduction process in the individual GO sheets during both thermal and chemical reduction. We also compared the EFM measurement results with simultaneous IV characteristics to assess correlations between two measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiseong Jeong
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Kyung Moon Lee
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Y H Ahn
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Soonil Lee
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Park
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
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16
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Abstract
We demonstrated sensitive detection of individual yeast cells and yeast films by using slot antenna arrays operating in the terahertz frequency range. Microorganisms located at the slot area cause a shift in the resonant frequency of the THz transmission. The shift was investigated as a function of the surface number density for a set of devices fabricated on different substrates. In particular, sensors fabricated on a substrate with relatively low permittivity demonstrate higher sensitivity. The frequency shift decreases with increasing slot antenna width for a fixed coverage of yeast film, indicating a field enhancement effect. Furthermore, the vertical range of the effective sensing volume has been studied by varying the thickness of the yeast film. The resonant frequency shift saturates at 3.5 μm for a slot width of 2 μm. In addition, the results of finite-difference time-domain simulations are in good agreement with our experimental data.
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17
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Park SJ, Hong JT, Choi SJ, Kim HS, Park WK, Han ST, Park JY, Lee S, Kim DS, Ahn YH. Detection of microorganisms using terahertz metamaterials. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4988. [PMID: 24832607 PMCID: PMC4023130 DOI: 10.1038/srep04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria cause many human diseases and therefore rapid and accurate identification of these substances is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further infections. In particular, contemporary microbial detection technique is limited by the low detection speed which usually extends over a couple of days. Here we demonstrate that metamaterials operating in the terahertz frequency range shows promising potential for use in fabricating the highly sensitive and selective microbial sensors that are capable of high-speed on-site detection of microorganisms in both ambient and aqueous environments. We were able to detect extremely small amounts of the microorganisms, because their sizes are on the same scale as the micro-gaps of the terahertz metamaterials. The resonant frequency shift of the metamaterials was investigated in terms of the number density and the dielectric constants of the microorganisms, which was successfully interpreted by the change in the effective dielectric constant of a gap area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Physics and Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - J T Hong
- Department of Physics and Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - S J Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - W K Park
- Advanced Medical Device Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan 426-170, Korea
| | - S T Han
- Advanced Medical Device Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan 426-170, Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Physics and Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Physics and Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - D S Kim
- Center for Subwavelength Optics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Y H Ahn
- Department of Physics and Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
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18
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Lim WH, Yap YK, Chong WY, Pua CH, Huang NM, De La Rue RM, Ahmad H. Graphene oxide-based waveguide polariser: from thin film to quasi-bulk. Opt Express 2014; 22:11090-11098. [PMID: 24921807 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.011090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated a broadband waveguide polariser with high extinction ratio on a polymer optical waveguide coated with graphene oxide via the drop-casting method. The highest extinction ratio of nearly 40 dB is measured at 1590 nm, with a variation of 4.5 dB across a wavelength range from 1530 nm to 1630 nm, a ratio that is (to our knowledge) the highest reported for graphene-based waveguide polarisers to date. This result is achieved with a graphene oxide coating length along the propagation direction of only 1.3 mm and a bulk film thickness of 2.0 µm. The underlying principles of the strongly polarisation dependent propagation loss demonstrated have been studied and are attributed to the anisotropic complex dielectric function of graphene oxide bulk film.
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19
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Kim J, Oh J, In C, Lee YS, Norris TB, Jun SC, Choi H. Unconventional terahertz carrier relaxation in graphene oxide: observation of enhanced auger recombination due to defect saturation. ACS Nano 2014; 8:2486-2494. [PMID: 24494802 DOI: 10.1021/nn406066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcited carrier relaxation is a recurring topic in understanding the transient conductivity dynamics of graphene-based devices. For atomically thin graphene oxide (GO), a simple free-carrier Drude response is expected to govern the terahertz (THz) conductivity dynamics--same dynamics observed in conventional CVD-grown graphene. However, to date, no experimental testimony has been provided on the origin of photoinduced conductivity increase in GO. Here, using ultrafast THz spectroscopy, we show that the photoexcited carrier relaxation in GO exhibits a peculiar non-Drude behavior. Unlike graphene, the THz dynamics of GO show percolation behaviors: as the annealing temperature increases, transient THz conductivity rapidly increases and the associated carrier relaxation changes from mono- to biexponential decay. After saturating the recombination decay through defect trapping, a new ultrafast decay channel characterized by multiparticle Auger scattering is observed whose threshold pump fluence is found to be 50 μJ/cm2. The increased conductivity is rapidly suppressed within 1 ps due to the Auger recombination, and non-Drude THz absorptions are subsequently emerged as a result of the defect-trapped high-frequency oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Korea
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20
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Ahmad I, Rakha SA, Yan L, Zhou X, Ma G, Munir A. Structure and Optical Properties of Multilayers Carbon Nanotubes/PEEK Nanocomposites. Adv Polym Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Ahmad
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2019 Jialuo Road Shanghai 201800 People's Republic of China
- Experimental Physics, National Center for Physics; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Sobia A. Rakha
- Experimental Physics, National Center for Physics; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Long Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2019 Jialuo Road Shanghai 201800 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingtai Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2019 Jialuo Road Shanghai 201800 People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics; Shanghai University; 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Arshad Munir
- Experimental Physics, National Center for Physics; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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