1
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Ding S, Chen Y, Huang C, Song L, Liang Z, Wei B. Perception and response of skeleton to mechanical stress. Phys Life Rev 2024; 49:77-94. [PMID: 38564907 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical stress stands as a fundamental factor in the intricate processes governing the growth, development, morphological shaping, and maintenance of skeletal mass. The profound influence of stress in shaping the skeletal framework prompts the assertion that stress essentially births the skeleton. Despite this acknowledgment, the mechanisms by which the skeleton perceives and responds to mechanical stress remain enigmatic. In this comprehensive review, our scrutiny focuses on the structural composition and characteristics of sclerotin, leading us to posit that it serves as the primary structure within the skeleton responsible for bearing and perceiving mechanical stress. Furthermore, we propose that osteocytes within the sclerotin emerge as the principal mechanical-sensitive cells, finely attuned to perceive mechanical stress. And a detailed analysis was conducted on the possible transmission pathways of mechanical stress from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Ding
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yiren Chen
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Chengshuo Huang
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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2
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Chatham JC, Patel RP. Protein glycosylation in cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z. [PMID: 38499867 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, which involves the attachment of carbohydrates to proteins, is one of the most abundant protein co-translational and post-translational modifications. Advances in technology have substantially increased our knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways involved in protein glycosylation, as well as how changes in glycosylation can affect cell function. In addition, our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in disease processes is growing, particularly in the context of immune system function, infectious diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. Several decades ago, cell surface glycoproteins were found to have an important role in regulating ion transport across the cardiac sarcolemma. However, with very few exceptions, our understanding of how changes in protein glycosylation influence cardiovascular (patho)physiology remains remarkably limited. Therefore, in this Review, we aim to provide an overview of N-linked and O-linked protein glycosylation, including intracellular O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification. We discuss our current understanding of how all forms of protein glycosylation contribute to normal cardiovascular function and their roles in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we highlight potential gaps in our knowledge about the effects of protein glycosylation on the heart and vascular system, highlighting areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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3
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Li B, Shaikh F, Zamzam A, Syed MH, Abdin R, Qadura M. A machine learning algorithm for peripheral artery disease prognosis using biomarker data. iScience 2024; 27:109081. [PMID: 38361633 PMCID: PMC10867451 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) biomarkers have been studied in isolation; however, an algorithm that considers a protein panel to inform PAD prognosis may improve predictive accuracy. Biomarker-based prediction models were developed and evaluated using a model development (n = 270) and prospective validation cohort (n = 277). Plasma concentrations of 37 proteins were measured at baseline and the patients were followed for 2 years. The primary outcome was 2-year major adverse limb event (MALE; composite of vascular intervention or major amputation). Of the 37 proteins tested, 6 were differentially expressed in patients with vs. without PAD (ADAMTS13, ICAM-1, ANGPTL3, Alpha 1-microglobulin, GDF15, and endostatin). Using 10-fold cross-validation, we developed a random forest machine learning model that accurately predicts 2-year MALE in a prospective validation cohort of PAD patients using a 6-protein panel (AUROC 0.84). This algorithm can support PAD risk stratification, informing clinical decisions on further vascular evaluation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine (T-CAIREM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abdelrahman Zamzam
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muzammil H. Syed
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rawand Abdin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Arévalo Martínez M, Ritsvall O, Bastrup JA, Celik S, Jakobsson G, Daoud F, Winqvist C, Aspberg A, Rippe C, Maegdefessel L, Schiopu A, Jepps TA, Holmberg J, Swärd K, Albinsson S. Vascular smooth muscle-specific YAP/TAZ deletion triggers aneurysm development in mouse aorta. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170845. [PMID: 37561588 PMCID: PMC10544211 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate adaption to mechanical forces, including blood pressure, contributes to development of arterial aneurysms. Recent studies have pointed to a mechanoprotective role of YAP and TAZ in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Here, we identified reduced expression of YAP1 in human aortic aneurysms. Vascular SMC-specific knockouts (KOs) of YAP/TAZ were thus generated using the integrin α8-Cre (Itga8-Cre) mouse model (i8-YT-KO). i8-YT-KO mice spontaneously developed aneurysms in the abdominal aorta within 2 weeks of KO induction and in smaller arteries at later times. The vascular specificity of Itga8-Cre circumvented gastrointestinal effects. Aortic aneurysms were characterized by elastin disarray, SMC apoptosis, and accumulation of proteoglycans and immune cell populations. RNA sequencing, proteomics, and myography demonstrated decreased contractile differentiation of SMCs and impaired vascular contractility. This associated with partial loss of myocardin expression, reduced blood pressure, and edema. Mediators in the inflammatory cGAS/STING pathway were increased. A sizeable increase in SOX9, along with several direct target genes, including aggrecan (Acan), contributed to proteoglycan accumulation. This was the earliest detectable change, occurring 3 days after KO induction and before the proinflammatory transition. In conclusion, Itga8-Cre deletion of YAP and TAZ represents a rapid and spontaneous aneurysm model that recapitulates features of human abdominal aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Ritsvall
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Armstrong Bastrup
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Selvi Celik
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Jakobsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fatima Daoud
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Winqvist
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Aspberg
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, and
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden, and
- Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Thomas A. Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Lin PK, Davis GE. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Vascular Disease: Defining Its Regulators and Pathological Influence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1599-1616. [PMID: 37409533 PMCID: PMC10527588 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of structural and cellular differences (ie, degrees of matrix abundance and cross-linking, mural cell density, and adventitia), large and medium-sized vessels, in comparison to capillaries, react in a unique manner to stimuli that induce vascular disease. A stereotypical vascular injury response is ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling that occurs particularly in larger vessels in response to injurious stimuli, such as elevated angiotensin II, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, genetic deficiencies, inflammatory cell infiltration, or exposure to proinflammatory mediators. Even with substantial and prolonged vascular damage, large- and medium-sized arteries, persist, but become modified by (1) changes in vascular wall cellularity; (2) modifications in the differentiation status of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, or adventitial stem cells (each can become activated); (3) infiltration of the vascular wall by various leukocyte types; (4) increased exposure to critical growth factors and proinflammatory mediators; and (5) marked changes in the vascular ECM, that remodels from a homeostatic, prodifferentiation ECM environment to matrices that instead promote tissue reparative responses. This latter ECM presents previously hidden matricryptic sites that bind integrins to signal vascular cells and infiltrating leukocytes (in coordination with other mediators) to proliferate, invade, secrete ECM-degrading proteinases, and deposit injury-induced matrices (predisposing to vessel wall fibrosis). In contrast, in response to similar stimuli, capillaries can undergo regression responses (rarefaction). In summary, we have described the molecular events controlling ECM remodeling in major vascular diseases as well as the differential responses of arteries versus capillaries to key mediators inducing vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K. Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - George E. Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
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6
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Thatcher K, Mattern CR, Chaparro D, Goveas V, McDermott MR, Fulton J, Hutcheson JD, Hoffmann BR, Lincoln J. Temporal Progression of Aortic Valve Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:355. [PMID: 37623368 PMCID: PMC10455328 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Organization of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagens, proteoglycans, and elastin, is essential for maintaining the structure and function of heart valves throughout life. Mutations in ECM genes cause connective tissue disorders, including Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), and progressive debilitating heart valve dysfunction is common in these patients. Despite this, effective treatment options are limited to end-stage interventions. Mice with a homozygous frameshift mutation in col1a2 serve as a murine model of OI (oim/oim), and therefore, they were used in this study to examine the pathobiology of aortic valve (AoV) disease in this patient population at structural, functional, and molecular levels. Temporal echocardiography of oim/oim mice revealed AoV dysfunction by the late stages of disease in 12-month-old mice. However, structural and proteomic changes were apparent much earlier, at 3 months of age, and were associated with disturbances in ECM homeostasis primarily related to collagen and proteoglycan abnormalities and disorganization. Together, findings from this study provide insights into the underpinnings of late onset AoV dysfunction in connective tissue disease patients that can be used for the development of mechanistic-based therapies administered early to halt progression, thereby avoiding late-stage surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (K.T.); (C.R.M.); (V.G.)
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Carol R. Mattern
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (K.T.); (C.R.M.); (V.G.)
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daniel Chaparro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA; (D.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Veronica Goveas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (K.T.); (C.R.M.); (V.G.)
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael R. McDermott
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (M.R.M.); (J.F.)
| | - Jessica Fulton
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (M.R.M.); (J.F.)
| | - Joshua D. Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA; (D.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Brian R. Hoffmann
- Mass Spectrometry and Protein Chemistry, Protein Sciences, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA;
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (K.T.); (C.R.M.); (V.G.)
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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7
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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8
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Minns AF, Qi Y, Yamamoto K, Lee K, Ahnström J, Santamaria S. The C-terminal domains of ADAMTS1 contain exosites involved in its proteoglycanase activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103048. [PMID: 36813235 PMCID: PMC10033314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS1) is a protease involved in fertilization, cancer, cardiovascular development, and thoracic aneurysms. Proteoglycans such as versican and aggrecan have been identified as ADAMTS1 substrates, and Adamts1 ablation in mice typically results in versican accumulation; however, previous qualitative studies have suggested that ADAMTS1 proteoglycanase activity is weaker than that of other family members such as ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5. Here, we investigated the functional determinants of ADAMTS1 proteoglycanase activity. We found that ADAMTS1 versicanase activity is approximately 1000-fold lower than ADAMTS5 and 50-fold lower than ADAMTS4 with a kinetic constant (kcat/Km) of 3.6 × 103 M-1 s-1 against full-length versican. Studies on domain-deletion variants identified the spacer and cysteine-rich domains as major determinants of ADAMTS1 versicanase activity. Additionally, we confirmed that these C-terminal domains are involved in the proteolysis of aggrecan as well as biglycan, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan. Glutamine scanning mutagenesis of exposed positively charged residues on the spacer domain loops and loop substitution with ADAMTS4 identified clusters of substrate-binding residues (exosites) in β3-β4 (R756Q/R759Q/R762Q), β9-β10 (residues 828-835), and β6-β7 (K795Q) loops. This study provides a mechanistic foundation for understanding the interactions between ADAMTS1 and its proteoglycan substrates and paves the way for development of selective exosite modulators of ADAMTS1 proteoglycanase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Frederick Minns
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Yawei Qi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Lee
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josefin Ahnström
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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9
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Ringström N, Edling C, Nalesso G, Jeevaratnam K. Framing Heartaches: The Cardiac ECM and the Effects of Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4713. [PMID: 36902143 PMCID: PMC10003270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in several pathological conditions, and age itself is also associated with certain changes in the heart: it gets larger and stiffer, and it develops an increased risk of abnormal intrinsic rhythm. This, therefore, makes conditions such as atrial arrythmia more common. Many of these changes are directly related to the ECM, yet the proteomic composition of the ECM and how it changes with age is not fully resolved. The limited research progress in this field is mainly due to the intrinsic challenges in unravelling tightly bound cardiac proteomic components and also the time-consuming and costly dependency on animal models. This review aims to give an overview of the composition of the cardiac ECM, how different components aid the function of the healthy heart, how the ECM is remodelled and how it is affected by ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
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10
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Wang Y, Hammer A, Hoefler G, Malle E, Hawkins CL, Chuang CY, Davies MJ. Hypochlorous Acid and Chloramines Induce Specific Fragmentation and Cross-Linking of the G1-IGD-G2 Domains of Recombinant Human Aggrecan, and Inhibit ADAMTS1 Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020420. [PMID: 36829979 PMCID: PMC9952545 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of mortality. It is characterized by arterial wall plaques that contain high levels of cholesterol and other lipids and activated leukocytes covered by a fibrous cap of extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM undergoes remodelling during atherogenesis, with increased expression of aggrecan, a proteoglycan that binds low-density-lipoproteins (LDL). Aggrecan levels are regulated by proteases, including a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1). Activated leukocytes release myeloperoxidase (MPO) extracellularly, where it binds to proteins and proteoglycans. Aggrecan may therefore mediate colocalization of MPO and LDL. MPO generates hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and chloramines (RNHCl species, from reaction of HOCl with amines on amino acids and proteins) that damage LDL and proteins, but effects on aggrecan have not been examined. The present study demonstrates that HOCl cleaves truncated (G1-IGD-G2) recombinant human aggrecan at specific sites within the IGD domain, with these being different from those induced by ADAMTS1 which also cleaves within this region. Irreversible protein cross-links are also formed dose-dependently. These effects are limited by the HOCl scavenger methionine. Chloramines including those formed on amino acids, proteins, and ECM materials induce similar damage. HOCl and taurine chloramines inactivate ADAMTS1 consistent with a switch from proteolytic to oxidative aggrecan fragmentation. Evidence is also presented for colocalization of aggrecan and HOCl-generated epitopes in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. Overall, these data show that HOCl and chloramines can induce specific modifications on aggrecan, and that these effects are distinct from those of ADAMTS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Hammer
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Clare L. Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Y. Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (C.Y.C.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (C.Y.C.); (M.J.D.)
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11
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Genetics and Molecular Basis of Congenital Heart Defects in Down Syndrome: Role of Extracellular Matrix Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032918. [PMID: 36769235 PMCID: PMC9918028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), a complex disorder that is caused by the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is a major cause of congenital heart defects (CHD). Interestingly, only about 50% of individuals with Hsa21 trisomy manifest CHD. Here we review the genetic basis of CHD in DS, focusing on genes that regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. The overexpression of Hsa21 genes likely underlies the molecular mechanisms that contribute to CHD, even though the genes responsible for CHD could only be located in a critical region of Hsa21. A role in causing CHD has been attributed not only to protein-coding Hsa21 genes, but also to genes on other chromosomes, as well as miRNAs and lncRNAs. It is likely that the contribution of more than one gene is required, and that the overexpression of Hsa21 genes acts in combination with other genetic events, such as specific mutations or polymorphisms, amplifying their effect. Moreover, a key function in determining alterations in cardiac morphogenesis might be played by ECM. A large number of genes encoding ECM proteins are overexpressed in trisomic human fetal hearts, and many of them appear to be under the control of a Hsa21 gene, the RUNX1 transcription factor.
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12
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Reed E, Fellows A, Lu R, Rienks M, Schmidt L, Yin X, Duregotti E, Brandt M, Krasemann S, Hartmann K, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Addison O, Cuello F, Hansen A, Mayr M. Extracellular Matrix Profiling and Disease Modelling in Engineered Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Tissues. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100122. [PMID: 36193159 PMCID: PMC9526190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have an intrinsic role in regulating vessel homeostasis and pathological remodelling. In two-dimensional (2D) cell culture formats, however, SMCs are not embedded in their physiological extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. To overcome the limitations of conventional 2D SMC cultures, we established a 3D in vitro model of engineered vascular smooth muscle cell tissues (EVTs). EVTs were casted from primary murine aortic SMCs by suspending a SMC-fibrin master mix between two flexible silicon-posts at day 0 before prolonged culture up to 14 days. Immunohistochemical analysis of EVT longitudinal sections demonstrated that SMCs were aligned, viable and secretory. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of murine EVT lysates was performed and identified 135 matrisome proteins. Proteoglycans, including the large aggregating proteoglycan versican, accumulated within EVTs by day 7 of culture. This was followed by the deposition of collagens, elastin-binding proteins and matrix regulators up to day 14 of culture. In contrast to 2D SMC controls, accumulation of versican occurred in parallel to an increase in versikine, a cleavage product mediated by proteases of the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family. Next, we tested the response of EVTs to stimulation with transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1). EVTs contracted in response to TGFβ-1 stimulation with altered ECM composition. In contrast, treatment with the pharmacological activin-like kinase inhibitor (ALKi) SB 431542 suppressed ECM secretion. As a disease stimulus, we performed calcification assays. The ECM acts as a nidus for calcium phosphate deposition in the arterial wall. We compared the onset and extent of calcification in EVTs and 2D SMCs cultured under high calcium and phosphate conditions for 7 days. Calcified EVTs displayed increased tissue stiffness by up to 30 % compared to non-calcified controls. Unlike the rapid calcification of SMCs in 2D cultures, EVTs sustained expression of the calcification inhibitor matrix Gla protein and allowed for better discrimination of the calcification propensity between independent biological replicates. In summary, EVTs are an intuitive and versatile model to investigate ECM synthesis and turnover by SMCs in a 3D environment. Unlike conventional 2D cultures, EVTs provide a more relevant pathophysiological model for retention of the nascent ECM produced by SMCs.
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Key Words
- 2D, Two-dimensional
- 3D cell culture
- 3D, Three-dimensional
- ADAMTS, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
- ALKi, Activin-like kinase inhibitor
- Calcification
- ECM
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EHT, Engineered heart tissue
- EVT, Engineered vascular smooth muscle cell tissue
- LC-MS/MS, Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
- Proteomics
- SMC, Smooth muscle cell
- Smooth muscle cells
- TCP, Tissue culture polystyrene
- TGFβ-1, Transforming growth factor beta-1
- Tissue engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Reed
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Adam Fellows
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ruifang Lu
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Marieke Rienks
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Lukas Schmidt
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Elisa Duregotti
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Mona Brandt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Hartmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre of Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
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13
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Clift CL, Saunders J, Drake RR, Angel PM. Perspectives on pediatric congenital aortic valve stenosis: Extracellular matrix proteins, post translational modifications, and proteomic strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1024049. [PMID: 36439995 PMCID: PMC9685993 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1024049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In heart valve biology, organization of the extracellular matrix structure is directly correlated to valve function. This is especially true in cases of pediatric congenital aortic valve stenosis (pCAVS), in which extracellular matrix (ECM) dysregulation is a hallmark of the disease, eventually leading to left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Therapeutic strategies are limited, especially in pediatric cases in which mechanical and tissue engineered valve replacements may not be a suitable option. By identifying mechanisms of translational and post-translational dysregulation of ECM in CAVS, potential drug targets can be identified, and better bioengineered solutions can be developed. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding ECM proteins and their post translational modifications (PTMs) during aortic valve development and disease and contributing factors to ECM dysregulation in CAVS. Additionally, we aim to draw parallels between other fibrotic disease and contributions to ECM post-translational modifications. Finally, we explore the current treatment options in pediatrics and identify how the field of proteomics has advanced in recent years, highlighting novel characterization methods of ECM and PTMs that may be used to identify potential therapeutic strategies relevant to pCAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Clift
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Janet Saunders
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Peggi M. Angel,
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14
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Cuffaro D, Ciccone L, Rossello A, Nuti E, Santamaria S. Targeting Aggrecanases for Osteoarthritis Therapy: From Zinc Chelation to Exosite Inhibition. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13505-13532. [PMID: 36250680 PMCID: PMC9620172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. In 1999, two members of the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) family of metalloproteinases, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, or aggrecanases, were identified as the enzymes responsible for aggrecan degradation in cartilage. The first aggrecanase inhibitors targeted the active site by chelation of the catalytic zinc ion. Due to the generally disappointing performance of zinc-chelating inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies, inhibition strategies tried to move away from the active-site zinc in order to improve selectivity. Exosite inhibitors bind to proteoglycan-binding residues present on the aggrecanase ancillary domains (called exosites). While exosite inhibitors are generally more selective than zinc-chelating inhibitors, they are still far from fulfilling their potential, partly due to a lack of structural and functional data on aggrecanase exosites. Filling this gap will inform the design of novel potent, selective aggrecanase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lidia Ciccone
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Nuti
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department
of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial
College London, Du Cane Road, London W12
0NN, U.K.
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15
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Noborn F, Nilsson J, Larson G. Site-specific glycosylation of proteoglycans: a revisited frontier in proteoglycan research. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:289-306. [PMID: 35840015 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs), a class of carbohydrate-modified proteins, are present in essentially all metazoan organisms investigated to date. PGs are composed of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to various core proteins and are important for embryogenesis and normal homeostasis. PGs exert many of their functions via their GAG chains and understanding the details of GAG-ligand interactions has been an essential part of PG research. Although PGs are also involved in many diseases, the number of GAG-related drugs used in the clinic is yet very limited, indicating a lack of detailed structure-function understanding. Structural analysis of PGs has traditionally been obtained by first separating the GAG chains from the core proteins, after which the two components are analyzed separately. While this strategy greatly facilitates the analysis, it precludes site-specific information and introduces either a "GAG" or a "core protein" perspective on the data interpretation. Mass-spectrometric (MS) glycoproteomic approaches have recently been introduced, providing site-specific information on PGs. Such methods have revealed a previously unknown structural complexity of the GAG linkage regions and resulted in identification of several novel CSPGs and HSPGs in humans and in model organisms, thereby expanding our view on PG complexity. In light of these findings, we discuss here if the use of such MS-based techniques, in combination with various functional assays, can also be used to expand our functional understanding of PGs. We have also summarized the site-specific information of all human PGs known to date, providing a theoretical framework for future studies on site-specific functional analysis of PGs in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Noborn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sundsvall County Hospital, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Garantziotis S, Savani RC. Proteoglycans in Toll-like receptor responses and innate immunity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C202-C214. [PMID: 35675639 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00088.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an active and dynamic feature of tissues that not only provides gross structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. The ever-changing microenvironment responds dynamically to cellular and external signals, and in turn influences cell fate, tissue development, and response to environmental injury or microbial invasion. It is therefore paramount to understand how the ECM components interact with each other, the environment and cells, and how they mediate their effects. Among the ECM components that have recently garnered increased attention, proteoglycans (PGs) deserve special note. Recent evidence strongly suggests that they play a crucial role both in health maintenance and disease development. In particular, proteoglycans dictate whether homeostasis or cell death will result from a given injury, by triggering and modulating activation of the innate immune system, via a conserved array of receptors that recognize exogenous (infectious) or endogenous (tissue damage) molecular patterns. Innate immune activation by proteoglycans has important implications for the understanding of cell-matrix interactions in health and disease. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge of innate immune signaling by proteoglycans, discuss the implications, and explore future directions to define progress in this area of extracellular matrix biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Center for Pulmonary & Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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17
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Tsang KM, Knutsen RH, Billington CJ, Lindberg E, Steenbock H, Fu YP, Wardlaw-Pickett A, Liu D, Malide D, Yu ZX, Bleck CKE, Brinckmann J, Kozel BA. Copper-Binding Domain Variation in a Novel Murine Lysyl Oxidase Model Produces Structurally Inferior Aortic Elastic Fibers Whose Failure Is Modified by Age, Sex, and Blood Pressure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6749. [PMID: 35743192 PMCID: PMC9223555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-binding enzyme that cross-links elastin and collagen. The dominant LOX variation contributes to familial thoracic aortic aneurysm. Previously reported murine Lox mutants had a mild phenotype and did not dilate without drug-induced provocation. Here, we present a new, more severe mutant, Loxb2b370.2Clo (c.G854T; p.Cys285Phe), whose mutation falls just N-terminal to the copper-binding domain. Unlike the other mutants, the C285F Lox protein was stably produced/secreted, and male C57Bl/6J Lox+/C285F mice exhibit increased systolic blood pressure (BP; p < 0.05) and reduced caliber aortas (p < 0.01 at 100mmHg) at 3 months that independently dilate by 6 months (p < 0.0001). Multimodal imaging reveals markedly irregular elastic sheets in the mutant (p = 2.8 × 10−8 for breaks by histology) that become increasingly disrupted with age (p < 0.05) and breeding into a high BP background (p = 6.8 × 10−4). Aortic dilation was amplified in males vs. females (p < 0.0001 at 100mmHg) and ameliorated by castration. The transcriptome of young Lox mutants showed alteration in dexamethasone (p = 9.83 × 10−30) and TGFβ-responsive genes (p = 7.42 × 10−29), and aortas from older C57Bl/6J Lox+/C285F mice showed both enhanced susceptibility to elastase (p < 0.01 by ANOVA) and increased deposition of aggrecan (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the secreted Lox+/C285F mutants produce dysfunctional elastic fibers that show increased susceptibility to proteolytic damage. Over time, the progressive weakening of the connective tissue, modified by sex and blood pressure, leads to worsening aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Man Tsang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
| | - Russell H. Knutsen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
| | - Charles J. Billington
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric Lindberg
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
| | - Heiko Steenbock
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (H.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
| | - Amanda Wardlaw-Pickett
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, Laurel, MD 20724, USA
| | - Delong Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
| | - Daniela Malide
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
| | - Christopher K. E. Bleck
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
| | - Jürgen Brinckmann
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (H.S.); (J.B.)
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beth A. Kozel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.M.T.); (R.H.K.); (C.J.B.J.); (E.L.); (Y.-P.F.); (A.W.-P.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (Z.-X.Y.); (C.K.E.B.)
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18
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Li J, Wang Y, Deng Y, Wang X, Wu W, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Toxic mechanisms of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol on protein synthesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113044. [PMID: 35452771 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The toxic mechanisms of trichothecenes, including T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON), are closely related with their effects on protein synthesis. Increasing lines of evidence show that T-2 toxin can reduce the levels of tight junction proteins, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by disrupting cellular barriers and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) and Nrf2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathways. Moreover, it can inhibit aggrecan synthesis, thus causing Kashin-Beck disease. Regarding type B trichothecene, DON inhibits activation marker and β-catenin synthesis by acting on immune cells and the wingless/integrated (Wnt) pathway; it also inhibits cell proliferation and immune surveillance. In addition, DON has been shown to destroy tight junctions, glucose transport, and tumor endothelial marker 8, thus disturbing intestinal function and changing cell migration. This review summarizes the inhibitory effects of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and DON on different protein synthesis, while discussing their underlying mechanisms. Focus is given to the effects of these toxins on tight junctions, aggrecan, activation markers, and hormones including testosterone under the influence of steroidogenic enzymes. This review can extend the current understanding of the effects of trichothecenes on protein synthesis and help to further understand their toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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19
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von Mentzer U, Corciulo C, Stubelius A. Biomaterial Integration in the Joint: Pathological Considerations, Immunomodulation, and the Extracellular Matrix. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200037. [PMID: 35420256 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Defects of articular joints are becoming an increasing societal burden due to a persistent increase in obesity and aging. For some patients suffering from cartilage erosion, joint replacement is the final option to regain proper motion and limit pain. Extensive research has been undertaken to identify novel strategies enabling earlier intervention to promote regeneration and cartilage healing. With the introduction of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), researchers have tapped into the potential for increased tissue regeneration by designing biomaterials with inherent biochemical and immunomodulatory signals. Compared to conventional and synthetic materials, dECM-based materials invoke a reduced foreign body response. It is therefore highly beneficial to understand the interplay of how these native tissue-based materials initiate a favorable remodeling process by the immune system. Yet, such an understanding also demands increasing considerations of the pathological environment and remodeling processes, especially for materials designed for early disease intervention. This knowledge would avoid rejection and help predict complications in conditions with inflammatory components such as arthritides. This review outlines general issues facing biomaterial integration and emphasizes the importance of tissue-derived macromolecular components in regulating essential homeostatic, immunological, and pathological processes to increase biomaterial integration for patients suffering from joint degenerative diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ula von Mentzer
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
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20
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Abstract
Aggrecan (Acan) and versican (Vcan) are large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix. They share the same structural domains at both N and C-termini. The N-terminal G1 domain binds hyaluronan (HA), forms an HA-rich matrix, and regulates HA-mediated signaling. The C-terminal G3 domain binds other extracellular matrix molecules and forms a supramolecular structure that stores TGFb and BMPs and regulates their signaling. EGF-like motifs in the G3 domain may directly act like an EGF ligand. Both Acan and Vcan are present in cartilage, intervertebral disc, brain, heart, and aorta. Their localizations are essentially reciprocal. This review describes their structural domains, expression patterns and functions, and regulation of their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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21
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Kuźnik-Trocha K, Winsz-Szczotka K, Lachór-Motyka I, Dąbkowska K, Wojdas M, Olczyk K, Komosińska-Vassev K. The Effects of TNF-α Inhibition on the Metabolism of Cartilage: Relationship between KS, HA, HAPLN1 and ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, TOS and TGF-β1 Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11072013. [PMID: 35407621 PMCID: PMC8999578 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effect of 24-month anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) treatment on the remodeling of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Quantitative evaluation of keratan sulfate (KS), hyaluronic acid (HA), hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), as potential biomarkers of joint dysfunction, and the levels of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) 4 and 5, total oxidative status (TOS) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) was performed (using immunoenzymatic methods) in blood obtained from patients before and after 24 months of etanercept (ETA) treatment. Results: When compared to the controls, KS, HA and HAPLN1 levels were significantly higher in patients with an aggressive course of JIA qualified for ETA treatment. An anti-cytokine therapy leading to clinical improvement promotes the normalization only of the HA level. Proteolytic and pro-oxidative factors, present in high concentrations in patients before the treatment, correlated with HAPLN1, but not with KS and HA levels. In these patients, negative correlations were found between the levels of TGF-β1 and KS, HA and HAPLN1. Conclusion: The anti-TNF-α therapy used in patients with JIA has a beneficial effect on ECM cartilage metabolism, but it does not completely regenerate it. The changes in the plasma HA level during the anti-cytokine therapy suggest its potential diagnostic utility in monitoring of disease activity and may be used to assess the efficacy of ETA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-323641152
| | - Iwona Lachór-Motyka
- Department of Rheumatology, The John Paul II Pediatric Center in Sosnowiec, ul. G. Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Dąbkowska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Magdalena Wojdas
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
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22
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Vojtusek IK, Laganovic M, Burek Kamenaric M, Bulimbasic S, Hrkac S, Salai G, Ivkovic V, Coric M, Novak R, Grgurevic L. First Characterization of ADAMTS-4 in Kidney Tissue and Plasma of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-A Potential Novel Diagnostic Indicator. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030648. [PMID: 35328201 PMCID: PMC8947148 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We have previously shown that metzincin protease ADAMTS-4 accompanies renal fibrogenesis, as it appears in the blood of hemodialysis patients. Methods: Native kidney (NKB) and kidney transplant (TXCI) biopsy samples as well as plasma from patients with various stages of CKD were compared to controls. In paired analysis, 15 TXCI samples were compared with their zero-time biopsies (TX0). Tissues were evaluated and scored (interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) for NKB and Banff ci for TXCI). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for ADAMTS-4 and BMP-1 was performed. Plasma ADAMTS-4 was detected using ELISA. Results: ADAMTS-4 IHC expression was significantly higher in interstitial compartment (INT) of NKB and TXCI group in peritubular capillaries (PTC) and interstitial stroma (INT). Patients with higher stages of interstitial fibrosis (ci > 1 and IFTA > 1) expressed ADAMTS-4 in INT more frequently in both groups (p = 0.005; p = 0.013; respectively). In paired comparison, TXCI samples expressed ADAMTS-4 in INT and PTC more often than TX0. ADAMTS-4 plasma concentration varied significantly across CKD stages, being highest in CKD 2 and 3 compared to other groups (p = 0.0064). Hemodialysis patients had higher concentrations of ADAMTS-4 compared to peritoneal dialysis (p < 0.00001). Conclusion: ADAMTS-4 might have a significant role in CKD as a potential novel diagnostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kovacevic Vojtusek
- Department of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.V.); (V.I.)
| | - Mario Laganovic
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marija Burek Kamenaric
- Tissue Typing Center, Clinical Department for Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Stela Bulimbasic
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Stela Hrkac
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Grgur Salai
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.S.); (R.N.)
- Teaching Institute of Emergency Medicine of the City of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanja Ivkovic
- Department of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.V.); (V.I.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marijana Coric
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Rudjer Novak
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Lovorka Grgurevic
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.S.); (R.N.)
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-91-589-52-40
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23
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Novak R, Hrkac S, Salai G, Bilandzic J, Mitar L, Grgurevic L. The Role of ADAMTS-4 in Atherosclerosis and Vessel Wall Abnormalities. J Vasc Res 2022; 59:69-77. [PMID: 35051931 DOI: 10.1159/000521498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins are regulated by metzincin proteases, like the disintegrin metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family members. This review focuses on the emerging role which ADAMTS-4 might play in vascular pathology, which has implications for atherosclerosis and vessel wall abnormalities, as well as for the resulting diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, aortic aneurysms, and dissections. Major substrates of ADAMTS-4 are proteoglycans expressed physiologically in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. Good examples are versican and aggrecan, principal vessel wall proteoglycans that are targeted by ADAMTS-4, driving blood vessel atrophy, which is why this metzincin protease was implicated in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases with an atherosclerotic background. Despite emerging evidence, it is important not to exaggerate the role of ADAMTS-4 as it is likely only a small piece of the complex atherosclerosis puzzle and one that could be functionally redundant due to its high structural similarity to other ADAMTS family members. The therapeutic potential of inhibiting ADAMTS-4 to halt the progression of vascular disease after initialization of treatment is unlikely. However, it is not excluded that it might find a purpose as a biomarker of vascular disease, possibly as an indicator in a larger cytokine panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudjer Novak
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stela Hrkac
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grgur Salai
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Teaching Institute of Emergency Medicine of the City of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josko Bilandzic
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Mitar
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovorka Grgurevic
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Anatomy, "Drago Perovic," School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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24
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Ballermann BJ, Nyström J, Haraldsson B. The Glomerular Endothelium Restricts Albumin Filtration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:766689. [PMID: 34912827 PMCID: PMC8667033 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.766689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory activation and/or dysfunction of the glomerular endothelium triggers proteinuria in many systemic and localized vascular disorders. Among them are the thrombotic microangiopathies, many forms of glomerulonephritis, and acute inflammatory episodes like sepsis and COVID-19 illness. Another example is the chronic endothelial dysfunction that develops in cardiovascular disease and in metabolic disorders like diabetes. While the glomerular endothelium is a porous sieve that filters prodigious amounts of water and small solutes, it also bars the bulk of albumin and large plasma proteins from passing into the glomerular filtrate. This endothelial barrier function is ascribed predominantly to the endothelial glycocalyx with its endothelial surface layer, that together form a relatively thick, mucinous coat composed of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycolipids, sialomucins and other glycoproteins, as well as secreted and circulating proteins. The glycocalyx/endothelial surface layer not only covers the glomerular endothelium; it extends into the endothelial fenestrae. Some glycocalyx components span or are attached to the apical endothelial cell plasma membrane and form the formal glycocalyx. Other components, including small proteoglycans and circulating proteins like albumin and orosomucoid, form the endothelial surface layer and are bound to the glycocalyx due to weak intermolecular interactions. Indeed, bound plasma albumin is a major constituent of the endothelial surface layer and contributes to its barrier function. A role for glomerular endothelial cells in the barrier of the glomerular capillary wall to protein filtration has been demonstrated by many elegant studies. However, it can only be fully understood in the context of other components, including the glomerular basement membrane, the podocytes and reabsorption of proteins by tubule epithelial cells. Discovery of the precise mechanisms that lead to glycocalyx/endothelial surface layer disruption within glomerular capillaries will hopefully lead to pharmacological interventions that specifically target this important structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Börje Haraldsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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Zhu J, Yang G. H 2S signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling in cardiovascular diseases: A tale of tense relationship. Nitric Oxide 2021; 116:14-26. [PMID: 34428564 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network that not only provides mechanical support but also transduces essential molecular signals in organ functions. ECM is constantly remodeled to control tissue homeostasis, responsible for cell adhesion, cell migration, cell-to-cell communication, and cell differentiation, etc. The dysregulation of ECM components contributes to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, fibrosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Aberrant ECM remodeling is initiated by various stress, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, ischemia, and mechanical stress, etc. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that exhibits a wide variety of cytoprotective and physiological functions through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Amounting research shows that H2S can attenuate aberrant ECM remodeling. In this review, we discussed the implications and mechanisms of H2S in the regulation of ECM remodeling in cardiovascular diseases, and highlighted the potential of H2S in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases through attenuating adverse ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechun Zhu
- School of Biological, Chemical & Forensic Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- School of Biological, Chemical & Forensic Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
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26
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Saio S, Konishi K, Hohjoh H, Tamura Y, Masutani T, Iddamalgoda A, Ichihashi M, Hasegawa H, Mizutani KI. Extracellular Environment-Controlled Angiogenesis, and Potential Application for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011169. [PMID: 34681829 PMCID: PMC8541280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells acquire different phenotypes to establish functional vascular networks. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling induces endothelial proliferation, migration, and survival to regulate vascular development, which leads to the construction of a vascular plexuses with a regular morphology. The spatiotemporal localization of angiogenic factors and the extracellular matrix play fundamental roles in ensuring the proper regulation of angiogenesis. This review article highlights how and what kinds of extracellular environmental molecules regulate angiogenesis. Close interactions between the vascular and neural systems involve shared molecular mechanisms to coordinate developmental and regenerative processes. This review article focuses on current knowledge about the roles of angiogenesis in peripheral nerve regeneration and the latest therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Saio
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Kanna Konishi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Hirofumi Hohjoh
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Teruaki Masutani
- Research & Development Dept., Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu 501-0475, Japan; (T.M.); (A.I.)
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Arunasiri Iddamalgoda
- Research & Development Dept., Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu 501-0475, Japan; (T.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Masamitsu Ichihashi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (K.-i.M.)
| | - Ken-ichi Mizutani
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (K.-i.M.)
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27
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Weiss D, Latorre M, Rego BV, Cavinato C, Tanski BJ, Berman AG, Goergen CJ, Humphrey JD. Biomechanical consequences of compromised elastic fiber integrity and matrix cross-linking on abdominal aortic aneurysmal enlargement. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:422-434. [PMID: 34332103 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are characterized histopathologically by compromised elastic fiber integrity, lost smooth muscle cells or their function, and remodeled collagen. We used a recently introduced mouse model of AAAs that combines enzymatic degradation of elastic fibers and blocking of lysyl oxidase, and thus matrix cross-linking, to study progressive dilatation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, including development of intraluminal thrombus. We quantified changes in biomaterial properties and biomechanical functionality within the aneurysmal segment as a function of time of enlargement and degree of thrombosis. Towards this end, we combined multi-modality imaging with state-of-the art biomechanical testing and histology to quantify regional heterogeneities for the first time and we used a computational model of arterial growth and remodeling to test multiple hypotheses, suggested by the data, regarding the degree of lost elastin, accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, and rates of collagen turnover. We found that standard histopathological findings can be misleading, while combining advanced experimental and computational methods revealed that glycosaminoglycan accumulation is pathologic, not adaptive, and that heightened collagen deposition is ineffective if not cross-linked. In conclusion, loss of elastic fiber integrity can be a strong initiator of aortic aneurysms, but it is the rate and effectiveness of fibrillar collagen remodeling that dictates enlargement. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Precise mechanisms by which abdominal aortic aneurysms enlarge remain unclear, but a recent elastase plus β-aminopropionitrile mouse model provides new insight into disease progression. As in the human condition, the aortic degeneration and adverse remodeling are highly heterogeneous in this model. Our multi-modality experiments quantify and contrast the heterogeneities in geometry and biomaterial properties, and our computational modeling shows that standard histopathology can be misleading. Neither accumulating glycosaminoglycans nor frustrated collagen synthesis slow disease progression, thus highlighting the importance of stimulating adaptive collagen remodeling to limit lesion enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Latorre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - B V Rego
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - B J Tanski
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A G Berman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - C J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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28
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Poole JJA, Mostaço-Guidolin LB. Optical Microscopy and the Extracellular Matrix Structure: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:1760. [PMID: 34359929 PMCID: PMC8308089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological tissues are not uniquely composed of cells. A substantial part of their volume is extracellular space, which is primarily filled by an intricate network of macromolecules constituting the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM serves as the scaffolding for tissues and organs throughout the body, playing an essential role in their structural and functional integrity. Understanding the intimate interaction between the cells and their structural microenvironment is central to our understanding of the factors driving the formation of normal versus remodelled tissue, including the processes involved in chronic fibrotic diseases. The visualization of the ECM is a key factor to track such changes successfully. This review is focused on presenting several optical imaging microscopy modalities used to characterize different ECM components. In this review, we describe and provide examples of applications of a vast gamut of microscopy techniques, such as widefield fluorescence, total internal reflection fluorescence, laser scanning confocal microscopy, multipoint/slit confocal microscopy, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), second and third harmonic generation (SHG, THG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), structured illumination microscopy (SIM), stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED), ground-state depletion microscopy (GSD), and photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM/fPALM), as well as their main advantages, limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J A Poole
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Leila B Mostaço-Guidolin
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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29
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Ghadie NM, St-Pierre JP, Labrosse MR. The Contribution of Glycosaminoglycans/Proteoglycans to Aortic Mechanics in Health and Disease: A Critical Review. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:3491-3500. [PMID: 33872141 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3074053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While elastin and collagen have received a lot of attention as major contributors to aortic biomechanics, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) recently emerged as additional key players whose roles must be better elucidated if one hopes to predict aortic ruptures caused by aneurysms and dissections more reliably. GAGs are highly negatively charged polysaccharide molecules that exist in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the arterial wall. In this critical review, we summarize the current understanding of the contributions of GAGs/PGs to the biomechanics of the normal aortic wall, as well as in the case of aortic diseases such as aneurysms and dissections. Specifically, we describe the fundamental swelling behavior of GAGs/PGs and discuss their contributions to residual stresses and aortic stiffness, thereby highlighting the importance of taking these polyanionic molecules into account in mathematical and numerical models of the aorta. We suggest specific lines of investigation to further the acquisition of experimental data to complement simulations and solidify our current understanding. We underscore different potential roles of GAGs/PGs in thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Namely, we report findings according to which the accumulation of GAGs/PGs in TAAD causes stress concentrations which may be sufficient to initiate and propagate delamination. On the other hand, there seems to be no clear indication of a relationship between the marked reduction in GAG/PG content and the stiffening and weakening of the aortic wall in AAA.
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30
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Fontanil T, Mohamedi Y, Espina-Casado J, Obaya ÁJ, Cobo T, Cal S. Hyalectanase Activities by the ADAMTS Metalloproteases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062988. [PMID: 33804223 PMCID: PMC8000579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyalectan family is composed of the proteoglycans aggrecan, versican, brevican and neurocan. Hyalectans, also known as lecticans, are components of the extracellular matrix of different tissues and play essential roles in key biological processes including skeletal development, and they are related to the correct maintenance of the vascular and central nervous system. For instance, hyalectans participate in the organization of structures such as perineural nets and in the regulation of neurite outgrowth or brain recovery following a traumatic injury. The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease domains, with thrombospondin motifs) family consists of 19 secreted metalloproteases. These enzymes also perform important roles in the structural organization and function of the extracellular matrix through interactions with other matrix components or as a consequence of their catalytic activity. In this regard, some of their preferred substrates are the hyalectans. In fact, ADAMTSs cleave hyalectans not only as a mechanism for clearance or turnover of proteoglycans but also to generate bioactive fragments which display specific functions. In this article we review some of the physiological and pathological effects derived from cleavages of hyalectans mediated by ADAMTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fontanil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (T.F.); (Y.M.)
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Ordóñez, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yamina Mohamedi
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (T.F.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jorge Espina-Casado
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Álvaro J. Obaya
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-985966014 (T.C.); +34-985106282 (S.C.)
| | - Santiago Cal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (T.F.); (Y.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-985966014 (T.C.); +34-985106282 (S.C.)
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Extracellular Matrix in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Architecture, Dynamic and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020913. [PMID: 33477599 PMCID: PMC7831300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and in the ageing population. It is strongly correlated to median age, affecting up to 13% of the population over the age of 65. Pathophysiological analysis indicates CAVD as a result of an active and degenerative disease, starting with sclerosis and chronic inflammation and then leaflet calcification, which ultimately can account for aortic stenosis. Although CAVD has been firstly recognized as a passive event mostly resulting from a degenerative aging process, much evidences suggests that calcification arises from different active processes, involving both aortic valve-resident cells (valve endothelial cells, valve interstitial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, innate immunity cells) and circulating cells (circulating mesenchymal cells, immunity cells). Moreover, a role for the cell-derived "matrix vesicles" and extracellular matrix (ECM) components has also been recognized. The aim of this work is to review the cellular and molecular alterations occurring in aortic valve during CAVD pathogenesis, focusing on the role of ECM in the natural course of the disease.
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Abstract
The a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) family comprises 19 proteases that regulate the structure and function of extracellular proteins in the extracellular matrix and blood. The best characterized cardiovascular role is that of ADAMTS-13 in blood. Moderately low ADAMTS-13 levels increase the risk of ischeamic stroke and very low levels (less than 10%) can cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Recombinant ADAMTS-13 is currently in clinical trials for treatment of TTP. Recently, new cardiovascular roles for ADAMTS proteases have been discovered. Several ADAMTS family members are important in the development of blood vessels and the heart, especially the valves. A number of studies have also investigated the potential role of ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5 in cardiovascular disease. They cleave proteoglycans such as versican, which represent major structural components of the arteries. ADAMTS-7 and -8 are attracting considerable interest owing to their implication in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, respectively. Mutations in the ADAMTS19 gene cause progressive heart valve disease and missense variants in ADAMTS6 are associated with cardiac conduction. In this review, we discuss in detail the evidence for these and other cardiovascular roles of ADAMTS family members, their proteolytic substrates and the potential molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santamaria
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rens de Groot
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 51 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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33
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Abstract
High levels of proteins called proteoglycans in the walls of umbilical arteries enable these arteries to close rapidly after birth and thus prevent blood loss in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Karen M Downs
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
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34
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Nandadasa S, Szafron JM, Pathak V, Murtada SI, Kraft CM, O'Donnell A, Norvik C, Hughes C, Caterson B, Domowicz MS, Schwartz NB, Tran-Lundmark K, Veigl M, Sedwick D, Philipson EH, Humphrey JD, Apte SS. Vascular dimorphism ensured by regulated proteoglycan dynamics favors rapid umbilical artery closure at birth. eLife 2020; 9:e60683. [PMID: 32909945 PMCID: PMC7529456 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The umbilical artery lumen closes rapidly at birth, preventing neonatal blood loss, whereas the umbilical vein remains patent longer. Here, analysis of umbilical cords from humans and other mammals identified differential arterial-venous proteoglycan dynamics as a determinant of these contrasting vascular responses. The umbilical artery, but not the vein, has an inner layer enriched in the hydrated proteoglycan aggrecan, external to which lie contraction-primed smooth muscle cells (SMC). At birth, SMC contraction drives inner layer buckling and centripetal displacement to occlude the arterial lumen, a mechanism revealed by biomechanical observations and confirmed by computational analyses. This vascular dimorphism arises from spatially regulated proteoglycan expression and breakdown. Mice lacking aggrecan or the metalloprotease ADAMTS1, which degrades proteoglycans, demonstrate their opposing roles in umbilical vascular dimorphism, including effects on SMC differentiation. Umbilical vessel dimorphism is conserved in mammals, suggesting that differential proteoglycan dynamics and inner layer buckling were positively selected during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
| | - Jason M Szafron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Vai Pathak
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Caroline M Kraft
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
| | - Anna O'Donnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
| | - Christian Norvik
- Department of Experimental Medical Science and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Clare Hughes
- The Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Bruce Caterson
- The Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Nancy B Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Martina Veigl
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - David Sedwick
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Elliot H Philipson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
- The Women's Health Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
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