1
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Aiken J, Holzbaur ELF. Spastin locally amplifies microtubule dynamics to pattern the axon for presynaptic cargo delivery. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1687-1704.e8. [PMID: 38554708 PMCID: PMC11042977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Neurons rely on the long-range trafficking of synaptic components to form and maintain the complex neural networks that encode the human experience. With a single neuron capable of forming thousands of distinct en passant synapses along its axon, spatially precise delivery of the necessary synaptic components is paramount. How these synapses are patterned, as well as how the efficient delivery of synaptic components is regulated, remains largely unknown. Here, we reveal a novel role for the microtubule (MT)-severing enzyme spastin in locally enhancing MT polymerization to influence presynaptic cargo pausing and retention along the axon. In human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we identify sites stably enriched for presynaptic components along the axon prior to the robust assembly of mature presynapses apposed by postsynaptic contacts. These sites are capable of cycling synaptic vesicles, are enriched with spastin, and are hotspots for new MT growth and synaptic vesicle precursor (SVP) pausing/retention. The disruption of neuronal spastin level or activity, by CRISPRi-mediated depletion, transient overexpression, or pharmacologic inhibition of enzymatic activity, interrupts the localized enrichment of dynamic MT plus ends and diminishes SVP accumulation. Using an innovative human heterologous synapse model, where microfluidically isolated human axons recognize and form presynaptic connections with neuroligin-expressing non-neuronal cells, we reveal that neurons deficient for spastin do not achieve the same level of presynaptic component accumulation as control neurons. We propose a model where spastin acts locally as an amplifier of MT polymerization to pattern specific regions of the axon for synaptogenesis and guide synaptic cargo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Aiken
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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2
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Ruiz-Reig N, Hakanen J, Tissir F. Connecting neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration: a spotlight on the role of kinesin superfamily protein 2A (KIF2A). Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:375-379. [PMID: 37488893 PMCID: PMC10503618 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules play a central role in cytoskeletal changes during neuronal development and maintenance. Microtubule dynamics is essential to polarity and shape transitions underlying neural cell division, differentiation, motility, and maturation. Kinesin superfamily protein 2A is a member of human kinesin 13 gene family of proteins that depolymerize and destabilize microtubules. In dividing cells, kinesin superfamily protein 2A is involved in mitotic progression, spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation. In postmitotic neurons, it is required for axon/dendrite specification and extension, neuronal migration, connectivity, and survival. Humans with kinesin superfamily protein 2A mutations suffer from a variety of malformations of cortical development, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss how kinesin superfamily protein 2A regulates neuronal development and function, and how its deregulation causes neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Janne Hakanen
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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3
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Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Cha S, Li J, Chen L, Wu J, Teng J, Guo G, Zhang J. Effects of DeSUMOylated Spastin on AMPA Receptor Surface Delivery and Synaptic Function Are Enhanced by Phosphorylating at Ser210. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03935-w. [PMID: 38267753 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Surface trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is one of the important mechanisms mediating synaptic plasticity which is essential for cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Spastin, as a novel binding partner for the AMPAR, has been reported to regulate AMPAR surface expression and synaptic function. Additionally, Spastin undergoes two posttranslational modifications, phosphorylation and SUMOylation, both of which are crucial for synaptic function. However, gaps exist in our knowledge of how Spastin phosphorylation cross-talks with its SUMOylation in the regulation of AMPAR surface expression and synaptic function. Here, we reported that deSUMOylation of Spastin at Lys427 increased the surface level of AMPAR GluA2 subunit, the amplitude and frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSC), and facilitated the morphological maturation of dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons. Further studies demonstrated that Spastin phosphorylation at Ser210 further increased the enhancement of GluA2 surface expression and synaptic function by deSUMOylated Spastin, while dephosphorylation had the opposite effect. Simultaneously, deSUMOylation at Lys427 significantly increased the promoting effect of Spastin phosphorylation on synaptic function. In conclusion, our study suggests that cooperative interactions between phosphorylated and deSUMOylated Spastin are novel pathways to enhance synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Department of Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhongqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, 528305, China
| | - Shuhan Cha
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jijun Teng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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4
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Liu Q, Yang H, Luo J, Peng C, Wang K, Zhang G, Lin H, Ji Z. 14-3-3 protein augments the protein stability of phosphorylated spastin and promotes the recovery of spinal cord injury through its agonist intervention. eLife 2024; 12:RP90184. [PMID: 38231910 PMCID: PMC10945579 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is abortive in the central nervous system following injury. Orchestrating microtubule dynamics has emerged as a promising approach to improve axonal regeneration. The microtubule severing enzyme spastin is essential for axonal development and regeneration through remodeling of microtubule arrangement. To date, however, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying spastin action in neural regeneration after spinal cord injury. Here, we use glutathione transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation assays to demonstrate that 14-3-3 interacts with spastin, both in vivo and in vitro, via spastin Ser233 phosphorylation. Moreover, we show that 14-3-3 protects spastin from degradation by inhibiting the ubiquitination pathway and upregulates the spastin-dependent severing ability. Furthermore, the 14-3-3 agonist Fusicoccin (FC-A) promotes neurite outgrowth and regeneration in vitro which needs spastin activation. Western blot and immunofluorescence results revealed that 14-3-3 protein is upregulated in the neuronal compartment after spinal cord injury in vivo. In addition, administration of FC-A not only promotes locomotor recovery, but also nerve regeneration following spinal cord injury in both contusion and lateral hemisection models; however, the application of spastin inhibitor spastazoline successfully reverses these phenomena. Taken together, these results indicate that 14-3-3 is a molecular switch that regulates spastin protein levels, and the small molecule 14-3-3 agonist FC-A effectively mediates the recovery of spinal cord injury in mice which requires spastin participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianxian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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5
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Ho KH, Candat A, Scarpetta V, Faucourt M, Weill S, Salio C, D'Este E, Meschkat M, Wurm CA, Kneussel M, Janke C, Magiera MM, Genovesio A, Meunier A, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Brill MS, Spassky N, Patrizi A. Choroid plexuses carry nodal-like cilia that undergo axoneme regression from early adult stage. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2641-2651.e6. [PMID: 37890489 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexuses (ChPs) produce cerebrospinal fluid and sense non-cell-autonomous stimuli to control the homeostasis of the central nervous system. They are mainly composed of epithelial multiciliated cells, whose development and function are still controversial. We have thus characterized the stepwise order of mammalian ChP epithelia cilia formation using a combination of super-resolution-microscopy approaches and mouse genetics. We show that ChP ciliated cells are built embryonically on a treadmill of spatiotemporally regulated events, starting with atypical centriole amplification and ending with the construction of nodal-like 9+0 cilia, characterized by both primary and motile features. ChP cilia undergo axoneme resorption at early postnatal stages through a microtubule destabilization process controlled by the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin and mitigated by polyglutamylation levels. Notably, this phenotype is preserved in humans, suggesting a conserved ciliary resorption mechanism in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hoa Ho
- Schaller Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Adrien Candat
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Valentina Scarpetta
- Schaller Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Marion Faucourt
- Cilia biology and Neurogenesis Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Solene Weill
- Computational Bioimaging and Bioinformatics Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Elisa D'Este
- Optical Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay 91401, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay 91401, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Auguste Genovesio
- Computational Bioimaging and Bioinformatics Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alice Meunier
- Cilia biology and Neurogenesis Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marco Sassoè-Pognetto
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Monika S Brill
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80802, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Cilia biology and Neurogenesis Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Annarita Patrizi
- Schaller Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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6
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Takahashi Y, Ojiro R, Yamashita R, Shimizu S, Maeda N, Zou X, Tang Q, Ozawa S, Woo GH, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Suppression of neurogranin expression by disruption of epigenetic DNA methylation in hippocampal mature granule cells after developmental exposure to neurotoxicants in rats. Toxicol Lett 2023; 390:33-45. [PMID: 37926403 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously performed comprehensive analyses of genes hypermethylated promoter regions and downregulated transcripts in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of rats upon weaning at postnatal day (PND) 21 after developmental exposure to 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), valproic acid, and glycidol (GLY), all of which are known to show irreversible effects on hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood on PND 77. Here, we selected neurotransmitter and neurogenesis-related genes for validation analysis of methylation and expression. As a result, Nrgn by GLY and Shisa7, Agtpbp1, and Cyp46a1 by PTU underwent DNA hypermethylation and sustained downregulation. Immunohistochemical analysis of candidate gene products revealed that the number of neurogranin (NRGN)+ granule cells was decreased in the ventral DG by GLY on PND 21 and 77 and by PTU on PND 21. Among the samples of developmental or 28-day young adult-age exposure to known developmental neurotoxicants in humans, i.e., lead acetate, ethanol, and aluminum chloride, a decrease of NRGN+ cells by ethanol was also observed on PND 77 after developmental exposure. Double immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that NRGN was expressed in mature granule cells, and a similar immunoreactive cell distribution was found for phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-activated protein kinase, a NRGN downstream molecule. After developmental PTU exposure, the number of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein+ granule cells was also profoundly decreased in the ventral DG in parallel with the decrease in NRGN+ cells on PND 21. These results suggest that NRGN is a potential marker for suppression of synaptic plasticity in mature granule cells in the ventral DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryota Ojiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Risako Yamashita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Saori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Natsuno Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Xinyu Zou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gye-Hyeong Woo
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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7
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Liu Z, Xu K, Pan S, Zhang N, Wang D, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Wang S, Li J, Tong X. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance assessment of changes in hippocampal neural function after the treatment of radiation-induced brain injury with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110795. [PMID: 37863438 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in treating radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is not completely understood, and assessment methods to directly characterize neurological function are lacking. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of BMSCs treatment on changes in hippocampal neural function in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats with RIBI, and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BMSCs by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). First, we assessed cognitive function after RIBI treatment with BMSCs using the Morris water maze. Next, we used MEMRI at two time points to observe the treatment effect and explore the correlation between MEMRI and cognitive function. Finally, we evaluated the expression of specific hippocampal neurofunctional proteins, the ultrastructure of hippocampal nerves, and the histological changes in the hippocampus. After BMSCs treatment of RIBI, cognitive dysfunction improved significantly, the expression of hippocampal neurofunctional proteins was increased, the integrity of the hippocampal neural structure was protected, and nerve cell survival was enhanced. The improvement in neurological function was successfully detected by MEMRI, and MEMRI was highly correlated with cognitive function and histological changes. These results suggest that BMSCs treatment of RIBI is an optional modality, and MEMRI can be used for treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Kaina Xu
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Shichao Pan
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xu Tong
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
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8
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Berth SH, Lloyd TE. Disruption of axonal transport in neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168554. [PMID: 37259916 DOI: 10.1172/jci168554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are markedly compartmentalized, which makes them reliant on axonal transport to maintain their health. Axonal transport is important for anterograde delivery of newly synthesized macromolecules and organelles from the cell body to the synapse and for the retrograde delivery of signaling endosomes and autophagosomes for degradation. Dysregulation of axonal transport occurs early in neurodegenerative diseases and plays a key role in axonal degeneration. Here, we provide an overview of mechanisms for regulation of axonal transport; discuss how these mechanisms are disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; and discuss therapeutic approaches targeting axonal transport.
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9
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Shen W, Liu C, Hu Y, Ding Q, Feng J, Liu Z, Kong X. Spastin is required for human immunodeficiency virus-1 efficient replication through cooperation with the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) protein. Virol Sin 2023:S1995-820X(23)00054-8. [PMID: 37172824 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) encodes simply 15 proteins and thus depends on multiple host cellular factors for virus reproduction. Spastin, a microtubule severing protein, is an identified HIV-1 dependency factor, but the mechanism regulating HIV-1 is unclear. Here, the study showed that knockdown of spastin inhibited the production of the intracellular HIV-1 Gag protein and new virions through enhancing Gag lysosomal degradation. Further investigation showed that increased sodium tolerance 1 (IST1), the subunit of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), could interact with the MIT domain of spastin to regulate the intracellular Gag production. In summary, spastin is required for HIV-1 replication, while spastin-IST1 interaction facilitates virus production by regulating HIV-1 Gag intracellular trafficking and degradation. Spastin may serve as new target for HIV-1 prophylactic and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Shen
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiabin Feng
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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10
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Sardina F, Valente D, Fattorini G, Cioffi E, Zanna GD, Tessa A, Trisciuoglio D, Soddu S, Santorelli FM, Casali C, Rinaldo C. New cellular imaging-based method to distinguish the SPG4 subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1734-1744. [PMID: 36815539 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Microtubule defects are a common feature in several neurodegenerative disorders, including hereditary spastic paraplegia. The most frequent form of hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by mutations in the SPG4/SPAST gene, encoding the microtubule severing enzyme spastin. To date, there is no effective therapy available but spastin-enhancing therapeutic approaches are emerging; thus prognostic and predictive biomarkers are urgently required. METHODS An automated, simple, fast and non-invasive cell imaging-based method was developed to quantify microtubule cytoskeleton organization changes in lymphoblastoid cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS It was observed that lymphoblastoid cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals affected by SPG4-hereditary spastic paraplegia show a polarized microtubule cytoskeleton organization. In a pilot study on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, our method discriminates SPG4-hereditary spastic paraplegia from healthy donors and other hereditary spastic paraplegia subtypes. In addition, it is shown that our method can detect the effects of spastin protein level changes. CONCLUSIONS These findings open the possibility of a rapid, non-invasive, inexpensive test useful to recognize SPG4-hereditary spastic paraplegia subtype and evaluate the effects of spastin-enhancing drug in non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sardina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Valente
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Fattorini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, "Charles Darwin" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Cioffi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Dalla Zanna
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Rinaldo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Pero ME, Chowdhury F, Bartolini F. Role of tubulin post-translational modifications in peripheral neuropathy. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114274. [PMID: 36379274 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder that results from nerve damage in the periphery. The degeneration of sensory axon terminals leads to changes or loss of sensory functions, often manifesting as debilitating pain, weakness, numbness, tingling, and disability. The pathogenesis of most peripheral neuropathies remains to be fully elucidated. Cumulative evidence from both early and recent studies indicates that tubulin damage may provide a common underlying mechanism of axonal injury in various peripheral neuropathies. In particular, tubulin post-translational modifications have been recently implicated in both toxic and inherited forms of peripheral neuropathy through regulation of axonal transport and mitochondria dynamics. This knowledge forms a new area of investigation with the potential for developing therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay peripheral neuropathy by restoring tubulin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Farihah Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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12
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Zhang Y, He X, Zou J, Yang J, Ma A, Tan M. Phosphorylation mutation impairs the promoting effect of spastin on neurite outgrowth without affecting its microtubule severing ability. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67. [PMID: 36632786 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastin, a microtubule-severing enzyme, is known to be important for neurite outgrowth. However, the role of spastin post-translational modification, particularly its phosphorylation regulation in neuronal outgrowth, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eliminating spastin phosphorylation on the neurite outgrowth of rat hippocampal neurons. To accomplish this, we constructed a spastin mutant with eleven potential phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine. The phosphorylation levels of the wildtype spastin (WT) and the mutant (11A) were then detected using Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. The spastin constructs were transfected into COS7 cells for the observation of microtubule severing, and into rat hippocampal neurons for the detection of neuronal outgrowth. The results showed that compared to the spastin WT, the phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced in the spastin 11A mutant. The spastin mutant 11A impaired its ability to promote neurite length, branching, and complexity in hippocampal neurons, but did not affect its ability to sever microtubules in COS7 cells. In conclusion, the data suggest that mutations at multiple phosphorylation sites of spastin do not impair its microtubule cleavage ability in COS7 cells, but reduce its ability to promote neurite outgrowth in rat hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Xin He
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Jianyu Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | | | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
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13
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Tubulin Cytoskeleton in Neurodegenerative Diseases–not Only Primary Tubulinopathies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01304-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases represent a large group of disorders characterized by gradual loss of neurons and functions of the central nervous systems. Their course is usually severe, leading to high morbidity and subsequent inability of patients to independent functioning. Vast majority of neurodegenerative diseases is currently untreatable, and only some symptomatic drugs are available which efficacy is usually very limited. To develop novel therapies for this group of diseases, it is crucial to understand their pathogenesis and to recognize factors which can influence the disease course. One of cellular structures which dysfunction appears to be relatively poorly understood in the light of neurodegenerative diseases is tubulin cytoskeleton. On the other hand, its changes, both structural and functional, can considerably influence cell physiology, leading to pathological processes occurring also in neurons. In this review, we summarize and discuss dysfunctions of tubulin cytoskeleton in various neurodegenerative diseases different than primary tubulinopathies (caused by mutations in genes encoding the components of the tubulin cytoskeleton), especially Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, prion diseases, and neuronopathic mucopolysaccharidoses. It is also proposed that correction of these disorders might attenuate the progress of specific diseases, thus, finding newly recognized molecular targets for potential drugs might become possible.
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14
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Radwitz J, Hausrat TJ, Heisler FF, Janiesch PC, Pechmann Y, Rübhausen M, Kneussel M. Tubb3 expression levels are sensitive to neuronal activity changes and determine microtubule growth and kinesin-mediated transport. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:575. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicrotubules are dynamic polymers of α/β-tubulin. They regulate cell structure, cell division, cell migration, and intracellular transport. However, functional contributions of individual tubulin isotypes are incompletely understood. The neuron-specific β-tubulin Tubb3 displays highest expression around early postnatal periods characterized by exuberant synaptogenesis. Although Tubb3 mutations are associated with neuronal disease, including abnormal inhibitory transmission and seizure activity in patients, molecular consequences of altered Tubb3 levels are largely unknown. Likewise, it is unclear whether neuronal activity triggers Tubb3 expression changes in neurons. In this study, we initially asked whether chemical protocols to induce long-term potentiation (cLTP) affect microtubule growth and the expression of individual tubulin isotypes. We found that growing microtubules and Tubb3 expression are sensitive to changes in neuronal activity and asked for consequences of Tubb3 downregulation in neurons. Our data revealed that reduced Tubb3 levels accelerated microtubule growth in axons and dendrites. Remarkably, Tubb3 knockdown induced a specific upregulation of Tubb4 gene expression, without changing other tubulin isotypes. We further found that Tubb3 downregulation reduces tubulin polyglutamylation, increases KIF5C motility and boosts the transport of its synaptic cargo N-Cadherin, which is known to regulate synaptogenesis and long-term potentiation. Due to the large number of tubulin isotypes, we developed and applied a computational model based on a Monte Carlo simulation to understand consequences of tubulin expression changes in silico. Together, our data suggest a feedback mechanism with neuronal activity regulating tubulin expression and consequently microtubule dynamics underlying the delivery of synaptic cargoes.
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15
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Costamagna D, Casters V, Beltrà M, Sampaolesi M, Van Campenhout A, Ortibus E, Desloovere K, Duelen R. Autologous iPSC-Derived Human Neuromuscular Junction to Model the Pathophysiology of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Cells 2022; 11:3351. [PMID: 36359747 PMCID: PMC9655384 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness resulting from retrograde axonal degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Here, we generated in vitro human neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) from five HSP patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines, by means of microfluidic strategy, to model disease-relevant neuropathologic processes. The strength of our NMJ model lies in the generation of lower MNs and myotubes from autologous hiPSC origin, maintaining the genetic background of the HSP patient donors in both cell types and in the cellular organization due to the microfluidic devices. Three patients characterized by a mutation in the SPG3a gene, encoding the ATLASTIN GTPase 1 protein, and two patients with a mutation in the SPG4 gene, encoding the SPASTIN protein, were included in this study. Differentiation of the HSP-derived lines gave rise to lower MNs that could recapitulate pathological hallmarks, such as axonal swellings with accumulation of Acetyl-α-TUBULIN and reduction of SPASTIN levels. Furthermore, NMJs from HSP-derived lines were lower in number and in contact point complexity, denoting an impaired NMJ profile, also confirmed by some alterations in genes encoding for proteins associated with microtubules and responsible for axonal transport. Considering the complexity of HSP, these patient-derived neuronal and skeletal muscle cell co-cultures offer unique tools to study the pathologic mechanisms and explore novel treatment options for rescuing axonal defects and diverse cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, intracellular motility and protein degradation in HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Costamagna
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Casters
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Locomotor and Neurological Disorder, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Ortibus
- Locomotor and Neurological Disorder, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Duelen
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Peotter JL, Pustova I, Lettman MM, Shatadal S, Bradberry MM, Winter-Reed AD, Charan M, Sharkey EE, Alvin JR, Bren AM, Oie AK, Chapman ER, Salamat MS, Audhya A. TFG regulates secretory and endosomal sorting pathways in neurons to promote their activity and maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210649119. [PMID: 36161950 PMCID: PMC9546632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210649119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular pathways that intrinsically regulate neuronal maintenance are poorly understood, but rare pathogenic mutations that underlie neurodegenerative disease can offer important insights into the mechanisms that facilitate lifelong neuronal function. Here, we leverage a rat model to demonstrate directly that the TFG p.R106C variant implicated previously in complicated forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) underlies progressive spastic paraparesis with accompanying ventriculomegaly and thinning of the corpus callosum, consistent with disease phenotypes identified in adolescent patients. Analyses of primary cortical neurons obtained from CRISPR-Cas9-edited animals reveal a kinetic delay in biosynthetic secretory protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in agreement with prior induced pluripotent stem cell-based studies. Moreover, we identify an unexpected role for TFG in the trafficking of Rab4A-positive recycling endosomes specifically within axons and dendrites. Impaired TFG function compromises the transport of at least a subset of endosomal cargoes, which we show results in down-regulated inhibitory receptor signaling that may contribute to excitation-inhibition imbalances. In contrast, the morphology and trafficking of other organelles, including mitochondria and lysosomes, are unaffected by the TFG p.R106C mutation. Our findings demonstrate a multifaceted role for TFG in secretory and endosomal protein sorting that is unique to cells of the central nervous system and highlight the importance of these pathways to maintenance of corticospinal tract motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Peotter
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Iryna Pustova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Molly M. Lettman
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Shalini Shatadal
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Mazdak M. Bradberry
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Allison D. Winter-Reed
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Maya Charan
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Erin E. Sharkey
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - James R. Alvin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Alyssa M. Bren
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Annika K. Oie
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Edwin R. Chapman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
- HHMI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - M. Shahriar Salamat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
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17
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Schepanski S, Chini M, Sternemann V, Urbschat C, Thiele K, Sun T, Zhao Y, Poburski M, Woestemeier A, Thieme MT, Zazara DE, Alawi M, Fischer N, Heeren J, Vladimirov N, Woehler A, Puelles VG, Bonn S, Gagliani N, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Arck PC. Pregnancy-induced maternal microchimerism shapes neurodevelopment and behavior in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4571. [PMID: 35931682 PMCID: PMC9356013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-long brain function and mental health are critically determined by developmental processes occurring before birth. During mammalian pregnancy, maternal cells are transferred to the fetus. They are referred to as maternal microchimeric cells (MMc). Among other organs, MMc seed into the fetal brain, where their function is unknown. Here, we show that, in the offspring’s developing brain in mice, MMc express a unique signature of sensome markers, control microglia homeostasis and prevent excessive presynaptic elimination. Further, MMc facilitate the oscillatory entrainment of developing prefrontal-hippocampal circuits and support the maturation of behavioral abilities. Our findings highlight that MMc are not a mere placental leak out, but rather a functional mechanism that shapes optimal conditions for healthy brain function later in life. During pregnancy, maternal cells are transferred to the fetus, where they can reach the developing brain. In this study, the authors demonstrate that these maternal cells play an important role in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Schepanski
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mattia Chini
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Sternemann
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Urbschat
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Thiele
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Poburski
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Woestemeier
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Thieme
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra E Zazara
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Service Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikita Vladimirov
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Woehler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor G Puelles
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Petra C Arck
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Costa AC, Sousa MM. The Role of Spastin in Axon Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934522. [PMID: 35865632 PMCID: PMC9294387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with elaborate shapes that allow them to perform their function. In neurons, microtubule organization—length, density, and dynamics—are essential for the establishment of polarity, growth, and transport. A mounting body of evidence shows that modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton by microtubule-associated proteins fine tunes key aspects of neuronal cell biology. In this respect, microtubule severing enzymes—spastin, katanin and fidgetin—a group of microtubule-associated proteins that bind to and generate internal breaks in the microtubule lattice, are emerging as key modulators of the microtubule cytoskeleton in different model systems. In this review, we provide an integrative view on the latest research demonstrating the key role of spastin in neurons, specifically in the context of axonal cell biology. We focus on the function of spastin in the regulation of microtubule organization, and axonal transport, that underlie its importance in the intricate control of axon growth, branching and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Costa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
| | - Monica Mendes Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
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19
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Multiple roles for the cytoskeleton in ALS. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114143. [PMID: 35714755 PMCID: PMC10163623 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by more than sixty genes identified through classic linkage analysis and new sequencing methods. Yet no clear mechanism of onset, cure, or effective treatment is known. Popular discourse classifies the proteins encoded from ALS-related genes into four disrupted processes: proteostasis, mitochondrial function and ROS, nucleic acid regulation, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Surprisingly, the mechanisms detailing the contribution of the neuronal cytoskeletal in ALS are the least explored, despite involvement in these cell processes. Eight genes directly regulate properties of cytoskeleton function and are essential for the health and survival of motor neurons, including: TUBA4A, SPAST, KIF5A, DCTN1, NF, PRPH, ALS2, and PFN1. Here we review the properties and studies exploring the contribution of each of these genes to ALS.
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20
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Selective motor activation in organelle transport along axons. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:699-714. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Chen L, Wang H, Cha S, Li J, Zhang J, Wu J, Guo G, Zhang J. Phosphorylation of Spastin Promotes the Surface Delivery and Synaptic Function of AMPA Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:809934. [PMID: 35418834 PMCID: PMC8995424 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.809934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is essential for cognitive functions such as learning and memory. One of the mechanisms involved in synaptic plasticity is the dynamic delivery of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in and out of synapses. Mutations of SPAST, which encodes SPASTIN, a microtubule-severing protein, are considered the most common cause of hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP). In some cases, patients with HSP also manifest cognitive impairment. In addition, mice with Spastin depletion exhibit working and associative memory deficits and reduced AMPAR levels. However, the exact effect and molecular mechanism of Spastin on AMPARs trafficking has remained unclear. Here, we report that Spastin interacts with AMPAR, and phosphorylation of Spastin enhances its interaction with AMPAR subunit GluA2. Further study shows that phosphorylation of Spastin can increase AMPAR GluA2 surface expression and the amplitude and frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSC) in cultured hippocampal neurons. Moreover, phosphorylation of Spastin at Ser210 is crucial for GluA2 surface expression. Phosphorylation of Spastin K353A, which obliterates microtubule-severing activity, also promotes AMPAR GluA2 subunit trafficking to the surface and increases the amplitude and frequency of mEPSCs in cultured neurons. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Spastin phosphorylation promotes the surface delivery of the AMPAR GluA2 subunit independent of microtubule dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanjie Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhan Cha
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Guo Jifeng Zhang
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Guo Jifeng Zhang
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22
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Peña-Ortega F, Robles-Gómez ÁA, Xolalpa-Cueva L. Microtubules as Regulators of Neural Network Shape and Function: Focus on Excitability, Plasticity and Memory. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060923. [PMID: 35326374 PMCID: PMC8946818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal microtubules (MTs) are complex cytoskeletal protein arrays that undergo activity-dependent changes in their structure and function as a response to physiological demands throughout the lifespan of neurons. Many factors shape the allostatic dynamics of MTs and tubulin dimers in the cytosolic microenvironment, such as protein–protein interactions and activity-dependent shifts in these interactions that are responsible for their plastic capabilities. Recently, several findings have reinforced the role of MTs in behavioral and cognitive processes in normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize the bidirectional relationships between MTs dynamics, neuronal processes, and brain and behavioral states. The outcomes of manipulating the dynamicity of MTs by genetic or pharmacological approaches on neuronal morphology, intrinsic and synaptic excitability, the state of the network, and behaviors are heterogeneous. We discuss the critical position of MTs as responders and adaptative elements of basic neuronal function whose impact on brain function is not fully understood, and we highlight the dilemma of artificially modulating MT dynamics for therapeutic purposes.
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23
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Zhou X, Ying C, Hu B, Zhang Y, Gan T, Zhu Y, Wang N, Li A, Song Y. Receptor for advanced glycation end products aggravates cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetes through binding of C-terminal AAs 2-5 to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) and facilitation of MEKK3-MKK3-p38 module assembly. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13543. [PMID: 35080104 PMCID: PMC8844116 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the precise mechanisms underlying the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)‐mediated neuronal loss and behavioral dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia. We used immunoprecipitation (IP) and GST pull‐down assays to assess the interaction between RAGE and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3). Then, we investigated the effect of specific mutation of RAGE on plasticity at hippocampal synapses and behavioral deficits in db/db mice through electrophysiological recordings, morphological assays, and behavioral tests. We discovered that RAGE binds MKK3 and that this binding is required for assembly of the MEKK3‐MKK3‐p38 signaling module. Mechanistically, we found that activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/NF‐κB signaling depends on mediation of the RAGE‐MKK3 interaction by C‐terminal RAGE (ctRAGE) amino acids (AAs) 2‐5. We found that ctRAGE R2A‐K3A‐R4A‐Q5A mutation suppressed neuronal damage, improved synaptic plasticity, and alleviated behavioral deficits in diabetic mice by disrupting the RAGE‐MKK3 conjugation. High glucose induces direct binding of RAGE and MKK3 via ctRAGE AAs 2‐5, which leads to assembly of the MEKK3‐MKK3‐p38 signaling module and subsequent activation of the p38MAPK/NF‐κB pathway, and ultimately results in diabetic encephalopathy (DE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Chang‐Jiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Bin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Yu‐Sheng Zhang
- The Graduate School Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Tian Gan
- The Graduate School Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Yan‐Dong Zhu
- The Graduate School Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Nan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - An‐An Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Yuan‐Jian Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
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24
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Marrone L, Marchi PM, Webster CP, Marroccella R, Coldicott I, Reynolds S, Alves-Cruzeiro J, Yang ZL, Higginbottom A, Khundadze M, Shaw PJ, Hübner CA, Livesey MR, Azzouz M. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2693-2710. [PMID: 35313342 PMCID: PMC9402239 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 15 (HSP15) is a neurodegenerative condition caused by the inability to produce SPG15 protein, which leads to lysosomal swelling. However, the link between lysosomal aberrations and neuronal death is poorly explored. To uncover the functional consequences of lysosomal aberrations in disease pathogenesis, we analyze human dermal fibroblasts from HSP15 patients as well as primary cortical neurons derived from an SPG15 knockout (KO) mouse model. We find that SPG15 protein loss induces defective anterograde transport, impaired neurite outgrowth, axonal swelling and reduced autophagic flux in association with the onset of lysosomal abnormalities. Additionally, we observe lipid accumulation within the lysosomal compartment, suggesting that distortions in cellular lipid homeostasis are intertwined with lysosomal alterations. We further demonstrate that SPG15 KO neurons exhibit synaptic dysfunction, accompanied by augmented vulnerability to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Overall, our study establishes an intimate link between lysosomal aberrations, lipid metabolism and electrophysiological impairments, suggesting that lysosomal defects are at the core of multiple neurodegenerative disease processes in HSP15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Marrone
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Paolo M Marchi
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher P Webster
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raffaele Marroccella
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ian Coldicott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven Reynolds
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - João Alves-Cruzeiro
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zih-Liang Yang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mukhran Khundadze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1142222238; Fax: +44 (0)114 2222290; Email
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25
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Piermarini E, Akarsu S, Connors T, Kneussel M, Lane MA, Morfini G, Karabay A, Baas PW, Qiang L. Modeling gain-of-function and loss-of-function components of SPAST-based hereditary spastic paraplegia using transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1844-1859. [PMID: 34935948 PMCID: PMC9169457 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a disease in which dieback degeneration of corticospinal tracts, accompanied by axonal swellings, leads to gait deficiencies. SPG4-HSP, the most common form of the disease, results from mutations of human spastin gene (SPAST), which is the gene that encodes spastin, a microtubule-severing protein. The lack of a vertebrate model that recapitulates both the etiology and symptoms of SPG4-HSP has stymied the development of effective therapies for the disease. hSPAST-C448Y mice, which express human mutant spastin at the ROSA26 locus, display corticospinal dieback and gait deficiencies but not axonal swellings. On the other hand, mouse spastin gene (Spast)-knockout (KO) mice display axonal swellings but not corticospinal dieback or gait deficiencies. One possibility is that reduced spastin function, resulting in axonal swellings, is not the cause of the disease but exacerbates the toxic effects of the mutant protein. To explore this idea, Spast-KO and hSPAST-C448Y mice were crossbred, and the offspring were compared with the parental lines via histological and behavioral analyses. The crossbred animals displayed axonal swellings as well as earlier onset, worsened gait deficiencies and corticospinal dieback compared with the hSPAST-C448Y mouse. These results, together with observations on changes in histone deacetylases 6 and tubulin modifications in the axon, indicate that each of these three transgenic mouse lines is valuable for investigating a different component of the disease pathology. Moreover, the crossbred mice are the best vertebrate model to date for testing potential therapies for SPG4-HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Piermarini
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Seyma Akarsu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Theresa Connors
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Michael A Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Gerardo Morfini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Arzu Karabay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Peter W Baas
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA. Tel: +1 2159918311; Fax: +1 2158439082; ; Tel: +1 2159918298;
| | - Liang Qiang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA. Tel: +1 2159918311; Fax: +1 2158439082; ; Tel: +1 2159918298;
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26
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Zou J, Cai Z, Liang Z, Liang Y, Zhang G, Yang J, Zhang Y, Lin H, Tan M. Different fusion tags affect the activity of ubiquitin overexpression on spastin protein stability. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34873900 PMCID: PMC8678624 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spastin is one of the proteins which lead to hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), whose dysfunction towards microtubule severing and membrane transporting is critically important. The present study is to elucidate the mechanisms of the protein stability regulation of spastin. The ubiquitin encoding plasmids were transfected into COS-7 cells with different fusion tags including Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), mCherry and Flag. The expression level of spastin was detected, microtubule severing activity and neurite outgrowth were quantified. The data showed that ubiquitin overexpression significantly induced the decreased expression of spastin, suppressed the activity of microtubule severing in COS-7 cells and inhibited the promoting effect on neurite outgrowth in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, when modulating the overexpression experiments of ubiquitin, it was found that relatively small tag like Flag, but not large tags such as GFP or mCherry fused with ubiquitin, retained the activity on spastin stability. The present study investigated the effects of small/large tags addition to ubiquitin and the novel mechanisms of post-transcriptional modifications of spastin on regulating neurite outgrowth, in the attempt to experimentally elucidate the mechanisms that control the level or stability of spastin in hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Zhenbin Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Zhi Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen.
| | - Yaozhong Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
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27
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Fan R, Lai KO. Understanding how kinesin motor proteins regulate postsynaptic function in neuron. FEBS J 2021; 289:2128-2144. [PMID: 34796656 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) are major molecular motors that transport diverse set of cargoes along microtubules to both the axon and dendrite of a neuron. Much of our knowledge about kinesin function is obtained from studies on axonal transport. Emerging evidence reveals how specific kinesin motor proteins carry cargoes to dendrites, including proteins, mRNAs and organelles that are crucial for synapse development and plasticity. In this review, we will summarize the major kinesin motors and their associated cargoes that have been characterized to regulate postsynaptic function in neuron. We will also discuss how specific kinesins are selectively involved in the development of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic compartments, their regulation by post-translational modifications (PTM), as well as their roles beyond conventional transport carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Fan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Liu Q, Zhang G, Ji Z, Lin H. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of spastin in neural development and disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:218. [PMID: 34664680 PMCID: PMC8547542 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spastin is a microtubule (MT)‑severing enzyme identified from mutations of hereditary spastic paraplegia in 1999 and extensive studies indicate its vital role in various cellular activities. In the past two decades, efforts have been made to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of how spastin is linked to neural development and disease. Recent studies on spastin have unraveled the mechanistic processes of its MT‑severing activity and revealed that spastin acts as an MT amplifier to mediate its remodeling, thus providing valuable insight into the molecular roles of spastin under physiological conditions. In addition, recent research has revealed multiple novel molecular mechanisms of spastin in cellular biological pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum shaping, calcium trafficking, fatty acid trafficking, as well as endosomal fission and trafficking. These processes are closely involved in axonal and dendritic development and maintenance. The current review presents recent biological advances regarding the molecular mechanisms of spastin at the cellular level and provides insight into how it affects neural development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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29
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Mohan N, Qiang L, Morfini G, Baas PW. Therapeutic Strategies for Mutant SPAST-Based Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081081. [PMID: 34439700 PMCID: PMC8394973 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the SPAST gene that encodes the microtubule-severing enzyme called spastin are the chief cause of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Growing evidence indicates that pathogenic mutations functionally compromise the spastin protein and endow it with toxic gain-of-function properties. With each of these two factors potentially relevant to disease etiology, the present article discusses possible therapeutic strategies that may ameliorate symptoms in patients suffering from SPAST-based Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, which is usually termed SPG4-HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mohan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19422, USA; (N.M.); (L.Q.)
| | - Liang Qiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19422, USA; (N.M.); (L.Q.)
| | - Gerardo Morfini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Peter W. Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19422, USA; (N.M.); (L.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-991-8289; Fax: +1-215-843-9082
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30
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Dubey T, Chinnathambi S. Photodynamic sensitizers modulate cytoskeleton structural dynamics in neuronal cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:232-248. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dubey
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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31
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Bodakuntla S, Janke C, Magiera MM. Tubulin polyglutamylation, a regulator of microtubule functions, can cause neurodegeneration. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135656. [PMID: 33482309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases lead to a progressive demise of neuronal functions that ultimately results in neuronal death. Besides a large variety of molecular pathways that have been linked to the degeneration of neurons, dysfunctions of the microtubule cytoskeleton are common features of many human neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, it is unclear whether microtubule dysfunctions are causative, or mere bystanders in the disease progression. A so-far little explored regulatory mechanism of the microtubule cytoskeleton, the posttranslational modifications of tubulin, emerge as candidate mechanisms involved in neuronal dysfunction, and thus, degeneration. Here we review the role of tubulin polyglutamylation, a prominent modification of neuronal microtubules. We discuss the current understanding of how polyglutamylation controls microtubule functions in healthy neurons, and how deregulation of this modification leads to neurodegeneration in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France.
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France.
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32
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Boiarska Z, Passarella D. Microtubule-targeting agents and neurodegeneration. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:604-615. [PMID: 33279455 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The association of microtubule (MT) breakdown with neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity has provided an emerging therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. Tubulin binders are able to modulate MT dynamics and, as a result, are of particular interest both as potential therapeutics and experimental tools used to validate this strategy. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and recent advancements regarding MT-targeting approaches for neurodegeneration and evaluate the potential application of MT-targeting agents (MTAs) based on available preclinical and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Boiarska
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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