1
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Caldwell JL, Clarke JD, Smith CER, Pinali C, Quinn CJ, Pearman CM, Adomaviciene A, Radcliffe EJ, Watkins A, Horn MA, Bode EF, Madders GWP, Eisner M, Eisner DA, Trafford AW, Dibb KM. Restoring Atrial T-Tubules Augments Systolic Ca Upon Recovery From Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 135:739-754. [PMID: 39140440 PMCID: PMC11392124 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transverse (t)-tubules drive the rapid and synchronous Ca2+ rise in cardiac myocytes. The virtual complete atrial t-tubule loss in heart failure (HF) decreases Ca2+ release. It is unknown if or how atrial t-tubules can be restored and how this affects systolic Ca2+. METHODS HF was induced in sheep by rapid ventricular pacing and recovered following termination of rapid pacing. Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and confocal imaging were used to study t-tubule ultrastructure. Function was assessed using patch clamp, Ca2+, and confocal imaging. Candidate proteins involved in atrial t-tubule recovery were identified by western blot and expressed in rat neonatal ventricular myocytes to determine if they altered t-tubule structure. RESULTS Atrial t-tubules were lost in HF but reappeared following recovery from HF. Recovered t-tubules were disordered, adopting distinct morphologies with increased t-tubule length and branching. T-tubule disorder was associated with mitochondrial disorder. Recovered t-tubules were functional, triggering Ca2+ release in the cell interior. Systolic Ca2+, ICa-L, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase function were restored following recovery from HF. Confocal microscopy showed fragmentation of ryanodine receptor staining and movement away from the z-line in HF, which was reversed following recovery from HF. Acute detubulation, to remove recovered t-tubules, confirmed their key role in restoration of the systolic Ca2+ transient, the rate of Ca2+ removal, and the peak L-type Ca2+ current. The abundance of telethonin and myotubularin decreased during HF and increased during recovery. Transfection with these proteins altered the density and structure of tubules in neonatal myocytes. Myotubularin had a greater effect, increasing tubule length and branching, replicating that seen in the recovery atria. CONCLUSIONS We show that recovery from HF restores atrial t-tubules, and this promotes recovery of ICa-L, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, and systolic Ca2+. We demonstrate an important role for myotubularin in t-tubule restoration. Our findings reveal a new and viable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Caldwell
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica D Clarke
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E R Smith
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Pinali
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Callum J Quinn
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Charles M Pearman
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aiste Adomaviciene
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Radcliffe
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Watkins
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Margaux A Horn
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth F Bode
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - George W P Madders
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Eisner
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Eisner
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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2
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Inoue K, Kato T, Terasaki E, Ishihara M, Fujii T, Aida Y, Murayama K. X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy and Mitochondrial Function in Muscle and Liver Samples. Neuropediatrics 2024. [PMID: 39008988 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare congenital myopathy that commonly manifests with liver involvement. In most XLMTM cases, disease-causing variants have been identified in the myotubularin gene (MTM1) on chromosome Xq28, which encodes myotubularin protein (MTM1). The impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) enzyme activity in muscle has been observed in the XLMTM mouse model. Though several reports mentioned possible mechanisms of liver involvement in XLMTM patients and animal models, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown, and there is no report focused on mitochondrial functions in hepatocytes in XLMTM. We encountered two patients with XLMTM who had liver involvement. We measured MRC enzyme activities in two muscle biopsy specimens, and one liver specimen from our patients to investigate whether MTM1 variants cause MRC dysfunction and whether mitochondrial disturbance is associated with organ dysfunction. MRC enzyme activities decreased in skeletal muscles but were normal in the liver. In our patients, the impaired MRC enzyme activity found in muscle is consistent with previously reported mechanisms that the loss of MTM1-desmin intermediate filament and MTM1-IMMT (a mitochondrial membrane protein) interaction led to the mitochondrial dysfunction. However, our study showed that liver involvement in XLMTM may not be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Inoue
- Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Aida
- Department of Metabolism, Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Mansat M, Kpotor AO, Chicanne G, Picot M, Mazars A, Flores-Flores R, Payrastre B, Hnia K, Viaud J. MTM1-mediated production of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate fuels the formation of podosome-like protrusions regulating myoblast fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2217971121. [PMID: 38805272 PMCID: PMC11161799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217971121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis is a multistep process that requires a spatiotemporal regulation of cell events resulting finally in myoblast fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Most major insights into the mechanisms underlying fusion seem to be conserved from insects to mammals and include the formation of podosome-like protrusions (PLPs) that exert a driving force toward the founder cell. However, the machinery that governs this process remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that MTM1 is the main enzyme responsible for the production of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, which in turn fuels PI5P 4-kinase α to produce a minor and functional pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate that concentrates in PLPs containing the scaffolding protein Tks5, Dynamin-2, and the fusogenic protein Myomaker. Collectively, our data reveal a functional crosstalk between a PI-phosphatase and a PI-kinase in the regulation of PLP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Mansat
- INSERM UMR1297, University of Toulouse 3, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Afi Oportune Kpotor
- INSERM UMR1297, University of Toulouse 3, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- INSERM UMR1297, University of Toulouse 3, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Mélanie Picot
- INSERM UMR1297, University of Toulouse 3, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Anne Mazars
- INSERM UMR1297, University of Toulouse 3, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Rémy Flores-Flores
- INSERM UMR1297, University of Toulouse 3, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM UMR1297, University of Toulouse 3, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Toulouse31059, Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - Karim Hnia
- INSERM UMR1297, University of Toulouse 3, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Julien Viaud
- INSERM UMR1297, University of Toulouse 3, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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4
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Kawaguchi K, Fujita N. Shaping transverse-tubules: central mechanisms that play a role in the cytosol zoning for muscle contraction. J Biochem 2024; 175:125-131. [PMID: 37848047 PMCID: PMC10873525 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A transverse-tubule (T-tubule) is an invagination of the plasma membrane penetrating deep into muscle cells. An extensive membrane network of T-tubules is crucial for rapid and synchronized signal transmission from the cell surface to the entire sarcoplasmic reticulum for Ca2+ release, leading to muscle contraction. T-tubules are also indispensable for the formation and positioning of other muscle organelles. Their structure and physiological roles are relatively well established; however, the mechanisms shaping T-tubules require further elucidation. Centronuclear myopathy (CNM), an inherited muscular disorder, accompanies structural defects in T-tubules. Membrane traffic-related genes, including MTM1 (Myotubularin 1), DNM2 (Dynamin 2), and BIN1 (Bridging Integrator-1), were identified as causative genes of CNM. In addition, causative genes for other muscle diseases are also reported to be involved in the formation and maintenance of T-tubules. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of how T-tubule formation and maintenance is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kawaguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naonobu Fujita
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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5
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Goret M, Laporte J. [The PI3KC2β kinase as a therapeutic target for myotubular myopathy]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:133-136. [PMID: 38411417 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Goret
- Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaireet cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR7104,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaireet cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR7104,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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6
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Fujita N, Girada S, Vogler G, Bodmer R, Kiger AA. PI(4,5)P 2 role in Transverse-tubule membrane formation and muscle function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578124. [PMID: 38352484 PMCID: PMC10862868 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Transverse (T)-tubules - vast, tubulated domains of the muscle plasma membrane - are critical to maintain healthy skeletal and heart contractions. How the intricate T-tubule membranes are formed is not well understood, with challenges to systematically interrogate in muscle. We established the use of intact Drosophila larval body wall muscles as an ideal system to discover mechanisms that sculpt and maintain the T-tubule membrane network. A muscle-targeted genetic screen identified specific phosphoinositide lipid regulators necessary for T-tubule organization and muscle function. We show that a PI4KIIIα - Skittles/PIP5K pathway is needed for T-tubule localized PI(4)P to PI(4,5)P 2 synthesis, T-tubule organization, calcium regulation, and muscle and heart rate functions. Muscles deficient for PI4KIIIα or Amphiphysin , the homolog of human BIN1 , similarly exhibited specific loss of transversal T-tubule membranes and dyad junctions, yet retained longitudinal membranes and the associated dyads. Our results highlight the power of live muscle studies, uncovering distinct mechanisms and functions for sub-compartments of the T-tubule network relevant to human myopathy. Summary T-tubules - vast, tubulated domains of the muscle plasma membrane - are critical to maintain skeletal and heart contractions. Fujita et al . establish genetic screens and assays in intact Drosophila muscles that uncover PI(4,5)P 2 regulation critical for T-tubule maintenance and function. Key Findings PI4KIIIα is required for muscle T-tubule formation and larval mobility. A PI4KIIIα-Sktl pathway promotes PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P 2 function at T-tubules. PI4KIIIα is necessary for calcium dynamics and transversal but not longitudinal dyads. Disruption of PI(4,5)P 2 function in fly heart leads to fragmented T-tubules and abnormal heart rate.
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7
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Lourdes SR, Gurung R, Giri S, Mitchell CA, McGrath MJ. A new role for phosphoinositides in regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101001. [PMID: 38057188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are a minor group of membrane-associated phospholipids that are transiently generated on the cytoplasmic leaflet of many organelle membranes and the plasma membrane. There are seven functionally distinct phosphoinositides, each derived via the reversible phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol in various combinations on the inositol ring. Their generation and termination is tightly regulated by phosphatidylinositol-kinases and -phosphatases. These enzymes can function together in an integrated and coordinated manner, whereby the phosphoinositide product of one enzyme may subsequently serve as a substrate for another to generate a different phosphoinositide species. This regulatory mechanism not only enables the transient generation of phosphoinositides on membranes, but also more complex sequential or bidirectional conversion pathways, and phosphoinositides can also be transferred between organelles via membrane contacts. It is this capacity to fine-tune phosphoinositide signals that makes them ideal regulators of membrane organization and dynamics, through their recruitment of signalling, membrane altering and lipid transfer proteins. Research spanning several decades has provided extensive evidence that phosphoinositides are major gatekeepers of membrane organization, with roles in endocytosis, exocytosis, autophagy, lysosome dynamics, vesicular transport and secretion, cilia, inter-organelle membrane contact, endosome maturation and nuclear function. By contrast, there has been remarkably little known about the role of phosphoinositides at mitochondria - an enigmatic and major knowledge gap, with challenges in reliably detecting phosphoinositides at this site. Here we review recent significant breakthroughs in understanding the role of phosphoinositides in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Raveena Lourdes
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rajendra Gurung
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saveen Giri
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Meagan J McGrath
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Goret M, Massana-Muñoz X, Nattarayan V, Reiss D, Laporte J. [PI3KC2β: A promising therapeutic target in myotubular myopathy]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39 Hors série n° 1:32-36. [PMID: 37975768 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotubular myopathy is a rare disease of genetic origin characterized by significant muscle weakness leading to respiratory disorders and for which no treatment exists today. In this paper, we show that inhibition of the activity of the enzyme PI3KC2β prevents the development of this myopathy in a mouse model of the disease, thus identifying a therapeutic target to treat myotubular myopathy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Goret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Xènia Massana-Muñoz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Vasugi Nattarayan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - David Reiss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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9
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Karolczak S, Deshwar AR, Aristegui E, Kamath BM, Lawlor MW, Andreoletti G, Volpatti J, Ellis JL, Yin C, Dowling JJ. Loss of Mtm1 causes cholestatic liver disease in a model of X-linked myotubular myopathy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166275. [PMID: 37490339 PMCID: PMC10503795 DOI: 10.1172/jci166275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a fatal congenital disorder caused by mutations in the MTM1 gene. Currently, there are no approved treatments, although AAV8-mediated gene transfer therapy has shown promise in animal models and preliminarily in patients. However, 4 patients with XLMTM treated with gene therapy have died from progressive liver failure, and hepatobiliary disease has now been recognized more broadly in association with XLMTM. In an attempt to understand whether loss of MTM1 itself is associated with liver pathology, we have characterized what we believe to be a novel liver phenotype in a zebrafish model of this disease. Specifically, we found that loss-of-function mutations in mtm1 led to severe liver abnormalities including impaired bile flux, structural abnormalities of the bile canaliculus, and improper endosome-mediated trafficking of canalicular transporters. Using a reporter-tagged Mtm1 zebrafish line, we established localization of Mtm1 in the liver in association with Rab11, a marker of recycling endosomes, and canalicular transport proteins and demonstrated that hepatocyte-specific reexpression of Mtm1 could rescue the cholestatic phenotype. Last, we completed a targeted chemical screen and found that Dynasore, a dynamin-2 inhibitor, was able to partially restore bile flow and transporter localization to the canalicular membrane. In summary, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, liver abnormalities that were directly caused by MTM1 mutation in a preclinical model, thus establishing the critical framework for better understanding and comprehensive treatment of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Karolczak
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashish R. Deshwar
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and
| | - Evangelina Aristegui
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Binita M. Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W. Lawlor
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Translational Science Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Volpatti
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jillian L. Ellis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Division of Developmental Biology and
| | - Chunyue Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Division of Developmental Biology and
- Center for Undiagnosed and Rare Liver Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James J. Dowling
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Yildiz B, Schiedt L, Mulaw M, Bockmann J, Jesse S, Lutz AK, Boeckers TM. Shank3 related muscular hypotonia is accompanied by increased intracellular calcium concentrations and ion channel dysregulation in striated muscle tissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1243299. [PMID: 37745298 PMCID: PMC10511643 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1243299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a syndromic form of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) classified as a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder featuring global developmental delay, absent or delayed speech, ASD-like behaviour and neonatal skeletal muscle hypotonia. PMS is caused by a heterozygous deletion of the distal end of chromosome 22q13.3 or SHANK3 mutations. We analyzed striated muscles of newborn Shank3Δ11(-/-) animals and found a significant enlargement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum as previously seen in adult Shank3Δ11(-/-) mice, indicative of a Shank3-dependent and not compensatory mechanism for this structural alteration. We analyzed transcriptional differences by RNA-sequencing of muscle tissue of neonatal Shank3Δ11(-/-) mice and compared those to Shank3(+/+) controls. We found significant differences in gene expression of ion channels crucial for muscle contraction and for molecules involved in calcium ion regulation. In addition, calcium storage- [i.e., Calsequestrin (CSQ)], calcium secretion- and calcium-related signaling-proteins were found to be affected. By immunostainings and Western blot analyses we could confirm these findings both in Shank3Δ11(-/-) mice and PMS patient muscle tissue. Moreover, alterations could be induced in vitro by the selective downregulation of Shank3 in C2C12 myotubes. Our results emphasize that SHANK3 levels directly or indirectly regulate calcium homeostasis in a cell autonomous manner that might contribute to muscular hypotonia especially seen in the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berra Yildiz
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, IGradU, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Schiedt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, IGradU, Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie Mulaw
- Unit for Single-cell Genomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Jesse
- Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Lutz
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M. Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Ulm Site, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Tesoriero C, Greco F, Cannone E, Ghirotto F, Facchinello N, Schiavone M, Vettori A. Modeling Human Muscular Dystrophies in Zebrafish: Mutant Lines, Transgenic Fluorescent Biosensors, and Phenotyping Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8314. [PMID: 37176020 PMCID: PMC10179009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of myopathies characterized by progressive muscle weakness leading to death from heart or respiratory failure. MDs are caused by mutations in genes involved in both the development and organization of muscle fibers. Several animal models harboring mutations in MD-associated genes have been developed so far. Together with rodents, the zebrafish is one of the most popular animal models used to reproduce MDs because of the high level of sequence homology with the human genome and its genetic manipulability. This review describes the most important zebrafish mutant models of MD and the most advanced tools used to generate and characterize all these valuable transgenic lines. Zebrafish models of MDs have been generated by introducing mutations to muscle-specific genes with different genetic techniques, such as (i) N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) treatment, (ii) the injection of specific morpholino, (iii) tol2-based transgenesis, (iv) TALEN, (v) and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. All these models are extensively used either to study muscle development and function or understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of MDs. Several tools have also been developed to characterize these zebrafish models by checking (i) motor behavior, (ii) muscle fiber structure, (iii) oxidative stress, and (iv) mitochondrial function and dynamics. Further, living biosensor models, based on the expression of fluorescent reporter proteins under the control of muscle-specific promoters or responsive elements, have been revealed to be powerful tools to follow molecular dynamics at the level of a single muscle fiber. Thus, zebrafish models of MDs can also be a powerful tool to search for new drugs or gene therapies able to block or slow down disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tesoriero
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Francesca Greco
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Elena Cannone
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ghirotto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavone
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
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12
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Searching for Mechanisms Underlying the Assembly of Calcium Entry Units: The Role of Temperature and pH. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065328. [PMID: 36982401 PMCID: PMC10049691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a mechanism that allows muscle fibers to recover external Ca2+, which first enters the cytoplasm andthen, via SERCA pump, also refills the depleted intracellular stores (i.e., the sarcoplasmic reticulum, SR). We recently discovered that SOCE is mediated by Calcium Entry Units (CEUs), intracellular junctions formed by: (i) SR stacks containing STIM1; and (ii) I-band extensions of the transverse tubule (TT) containing Orai1. The number and size of CEUs increase during prolonged muscle activity, though the mechanisms underlying exercise-dependent formation of new CEUs remain to be elucidated. Here, we first subjected isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from wild type mice to an exvivo exercise protocol and verified that functional CEUs can assemble alsoin the absence of blood supply and innervation. Then, we evaluated whetherparameters that are influenced by exercise, such as temperature and pH, may influence the assembly of CEUs. Results collected indicate that higher temperature (36 °C vs. 25 °C) and lower pH (7.2 vs. 7.4) increase the percentage of fibers containing SR stacks, the n. of SR stacks/area, and the elongation of TTs at the I band. Functionally, assembly of CEUs at higher temperature (36 °C) or at lower pH (7.2) correlates with increased fatigue resistance of EDL muscles in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Taken together, these results indicate that CEUs can assemble in isolated EDL muscles and that temperature and pH are two of the possible regulators of CEU formation.
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13
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Protasi F, Girolami B, Roccabianca S, Rossi D. Store-operated calcium entry: From physiology to tubular aggregate myopathy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 68:102347. [PMID: 36608411 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Store-Operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is recognized as a key mechanism in muscle physiology necessary to refill intracellular Ca2+ stores during sustained muscle activity. For many years the cell structures expected to mediate SOCE in skeletal muscle fibres remained unknown. Recently, the identification of Ca2+ Entry Units (CEUs) in exercised muscle fibres opened new insights into the role of extracellular Ca2+ in muscle contraction and, more generally, in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Accordingly, intracellular Ca2+ unbalance due to alterations in SOCE strictly correlates with muscle disfunction and disease. Mutations in proteins involved in SOCE (STIM1, ORAI1, and CASQ1) have been linked to tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM), a disease that causes muscle weakness and myalgia and is characterized by a typical accumulation of highly ordered and packed membrane tubules originated from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Achieving a full understanding of the molecular pathways activated by alterations in Ca2+ entry mechanisms is a necessary step to design effective therapies for human SOCE-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology; University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100, Italy; DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences; University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100, Italy
| | - Barbara Girolami
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology; University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100, Italy; DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences; University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100, Italy
| | - Sara Roccabianca
- DMMS, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine; University of Siena, I-53100, Siena Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- DMMS, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine; University of Siena, I-53100, Siena Italy.
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14
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Antagonistic control of active surface integrins by myotubularin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2β in a myotubular myopathy model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202236119. [PMID: 36161941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202236119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked centronuclear myopathy (XLCNM) is a severe human disease without existing therapies caused by mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase MTM1. Loss of MTM1 function is associated with muscle fiber defects characterized by impaired localization of β-integrins and other components of focal adhesions. Here we show that defective focal adhesions and reduced active β-integrin surface levels in a cellular model of XLCNM are rescued by loss of phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase C2β (PI3KC2β) function. Inactivation of the Mtm1 gene impaired myoblast differentiation into myotubes and resulted in reduced surface levels of active β1-integrins as well as corresponding defects in focal adhesions. These phenotypes were rescued by concomitant genetic loss of Pik3c2b or pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β activity. We further demonstrate that a hitherto unknown role of PI3KC2β in the endocytic trafficking of active β1-integrins rather than rescue of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels underlies the ability of Pik3c2b to act as a genetic modifier of cellular XLCNM phenotypes. Our findings reveal a crucial antagonistic function of MTM1 and PI3KC2β in the control of active β-integrin surface levels, thereby providing a molecular mechanism for the adhesion and myofiber defects observed in XLCNM. They further suggest specific pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β catalysis as a viable treatment option for XLCNM patients.
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15
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Lescouzères L, Bordignon B, Bomont P. Development of a high-throughput tailored imaging method in zebrafish to understand and treat neuromuscular diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:956582. [PMID: 36204134 PMCID: PMC9530744 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.956582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate species offering multitude of advantages for the study of conserved biological systems in human and has considerably enriched our knowledge in developmental biology and physiology. Being equally important in medical research, the zebrafish has become a critical tool in the fields of diagnosis, gene discovery, disease modeling, and pharmacology-based therapy. Studies on the zebrafish neuromuscular system allowed for deciphering key molecular pathways in this tissue, and established it as a model of choice to study numerous motor neurons, neuromuscular junctions, and muscle diseases. Starting with the similarities of the zebrafish neuromuscular system with the human system, we review disease models associated with the neuromuscular system to focus on current methodologies employed to study them and outline their caveats. In particular, we put in perspective the necessity to develop standardized and high-resolution methodologies that are necessary to deepen our understanding of not only fundamental signaling pathways in a healthy tissue but also the changes leading to disease phenotype outbreaks, and offer templates for high-content screening strategies. While the development of high-throughput methodologies is underway for motility assays, there is no automated approach to quantify the key molecular cues of the neuromuscular junction. Here, we provide a novel high-throughput imaging methodology in the zebrafish that is standardized, highly resolutive, quantitative, and fit for drug screening. By providing a proof of concept for its robustness in identifying novel molecular players and therapeutic drugs in giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) disease, we foresee that this new tool could be useful for both fundamental and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lescouzères
- ERC Team, Institut NeuroMyoGéne-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benoît Bordignon
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC Team, Institut NeuroMyoGéne-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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16
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Woo H, Lee S, Han JY, Kim WJ, Kim MJ, Seong MW, Kim SY, Cho A, Lim BC, Kim KJ, Chae JH. Clinical Characteristics and Neurologic Outcomes of X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy. ANNALS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26815/acn.2022.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare condition of centronuclear myopathy caused by myotubularin 1 (MTM1) mutations. Patients with XLMTM show different neurodevelopmental outcomes after the neonatal period depending on age and acquired hypoxic damage. We aim to evaluate the clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients with XLMTM who were followed up at a single center. It is essential to understand the volume and conditions to prepare for being a candidate for new therapeutic strategies. Methods: Patients diagnosed with centronuclear myopathy by muscle pathology and MTM1 mutation analysis were included. We retrospectively investigated motor milestones, communication skills, and bulbar and respiratory function in the patients. The patients were categorized into two groups: with and without hypoxic insults (HI). Results: All 13 patients were severely affected by neonatal hypotonia and required respiratory support and a feeding tube during the neonatal period. The follow-up duration was 4.4 years (range, 0.3 to 8.9). In the non-HI group, developmental milestones were delayed but were slowly achieved. Some patients underwent training in oral feeding with thickened foods and weaning from ventilation. Patients with HI showed poor motor function catch-up and communication skills. Three deaths were associated with acute respiratory failure.Conclusion: Patients with XLMTM without HI can survive long-term with the slow achievement of motor milestones and bulbar and respiratory function. However, hypoxic brain damage following acute respiratory failure negatively influences their developmental potential or even lead to death. Therefore, parental education for proper respiratory management is necessary, especially for young children.
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17
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Li Q, Lin J, Widrick JJ, Luo S, Li G, Zhang Y, Laporte J, Perrella MA, Liu X, Agrawal PB. Dynamin-2 reduction rescues the skeletal myopathy of SPEG-deficient mouse model. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157336. [PMID: 35763354 PMCID: PMC9462472 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG), a myosin light chain kinase, is mutated in centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and/or dilated cardiomyopathy. No precise therapies are available for this disorder, and gene replacement therapy is not a feasible option due to the large size of SPEG. We evaluated the potential of dynamin-2 (DNM2) reduction as a potential therapeutic strategy because it has been shown to revert muscle phenotypes in mouse models of CNM caused by MTM1, DNM2, and BIN1 mutations. We determined that SPEG-β interacted with DNM2, and SPEG deficiency caused an increase in DNM2 levels. The DNM2 reduction strategy in Speg-KO mice was associated with an increase in life span, body weight, and motor performance. Additionally, it normalized the distribution of triadic proteins, triad ultrastructure, and triad number and restored phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate levels in SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles. Although DNM2 reduction rescued the myopathy phenotype, it did not improve cardiac dysfunction, indicating a differential tissue-specific function. Combining DNM2 reduction with other strategies may be needed to target both the cardiac and skeletal defects associated with SPEG deficiency. DNM2 reduction should be explored as a therapeutic strategy against other genetic myopathies (and dystrophies) associated with a high level of DNM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Lin
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Gu Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
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18
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Sarikaya E, Sabha N, Volpatti J, Pannia E, Maani N, Gonorazky HD, Celik A, Liang Y, Onofre-Oliveira P, Dowling JJ. Natural history of a mouse model of X-linked myotubular myopathy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276037. [PMID: 35694952 PMCID: PMC9346535 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a severe monogenetic disorder of the skeletal muscle. It is caused by loss-of-expression/function mutations in the myotubularin (MTM1) gene. Much of what is known about the disease, as well as the treatment strategies, has been uncovered through experimentation in pre-clinical models, particularly the Mtm1 gene knockout mouse line (Mtm1 KO). Despite this understanding, and the identification of potential therapies, much remains to be understood about XLMTM disease pathomechanisms, and about the normal functions of MTM1 in muscle development. To lay the groundwork for addressing these knowledge gaps, we performed a natural history study of Mtm1 KO mice. This included longitudinal comparative analyses of motor phenotype, transcriptome and proteome profiles, muscle structure and targeted molecular pathways. We identified age-associated changes in gene expression, mitochondrial function, myofiber size and key molecular markers, including DNM2. Importantly, some molecular and histopathologic changes preceded overt phenotypic changes, while others, such as triad structural alternations, occurred coincidentally with the presence of severe weakness. In total, this study provides a comprehensive longitudinal evaluation of the murine XLMTM disease process, and thus provides a critical framework for future investigations. Summary: This study provides a comprehensive and longitudinal molecular and phenotypic evaluation of the disease process of X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege Sarikaya
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nesrin Sabha
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Volpatti
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Emanuela Pannia
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nika Maani
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hernan D Gonorazky
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Alper Celik
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Yijng Liang
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Paula Onofre-Oliveira
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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19
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Kilroy EA, Ignacz AC, Brann KL, Schaffer CE, Varney D, Alrowaished SS, Silknitter KJ, Miner JN, Almaghasilah A, Spellen TL, Lewis AD, Tilbury K, King BL, Kelley JB, Henry CA. Beneficial impacts of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on muscle structure and function in the zebrafish model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. eLife 2022; 11:62760. [PMID: 35324428 PMCID: PMC8947762 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) allows activation of muscle fibers in the absence of voluntary force generation. NMES could have the potential to promote muscle homeostasis in the context of muscle disease, but the impacts of NMES on diseased muscle are not well understood. We used the zebrafish Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd) mutant and a longitudinal design to elucidate the consequences of NMES on muscle health. We designed four neuromuscular stimulation paradigms loosely based on weightlifting regimens. Each paradigm differentially affected neuromuscular structure, function, and survival. Only endurance neuromuscular stimulation (eNMES) improved all outcome measures. We found that eNMES improves muscle and neuromuscular junction morphology, swimming, and survival. Heme oxygenase and integrin alpha7 are required for eNMES-mediated improvement. Our data indicate that neuromuscular stimulation can be beneficial, suggesting that the right type of activity may benefit patients with muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Kilroy
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Amanda C Ignacz
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Kaylee L Brann
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Claire E Schaffer
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Devon Varney
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | | | - Kodey J Silknitter
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Jordan N Miner
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Ahmed Almaghasilah
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Tashawna L Spellen
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Alexandra D Lewis
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Karissa Tilbury
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Benjamin L King
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States.,Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Joshua B Kelley
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States.,Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Clarissa A Henry
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States.,School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
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20
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Dudzik A, Nedza W, Końska K, Starzec K, Tomasik T, Grudzień A, Jagła M, Durlak W, Kwinta P. A novel mutation in MTM1 gene in newborn, resulting in centronuclear myopathy phenotype: a case report. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare congenital disease. Its main symptoms are hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features, respiratory failure, and feeding disorder.
Case presentation
This study reports on a male patient from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, who presented symptoms of congenital myopathy. After eliminating many other possible causes, he was eventually proven to bear a c.197C>G, p.(Thr66Arg) MTM1 mutation, a variant of uncertain significance, never described in the literature before. Family of the patient underwent the same genetic tests that proved the mother to be the carrier of mutation.
Conclusion
The article is a first report on abovementioned, newly discovered mutation in MTM1 gene, with high probability leading to the centronuclear myopathy phenotype. It also summarizes the diagnostic process and current state of knowledge about the therapy and prognosis for children with XLMTM. The authors hope that the findings will contribute to the diagnostic process of subsequent patients.
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21
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Lawlor MW, Dowling JJ. X-linked myotubular myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1004-1012. [PMID: 34736623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a severe congenital muscle disease caused by mutation in the MTM1 gene. MTM1 encodes myotubularin (MTM1), an endosomal phosphatase that acts to dephosphorylate key second messenger lipids PI3P and PI3,5P2. XLMTM is clinically characterized by profound muscle weakness and associated with multiple disabilities (including ventilator and wheelchair dependence) and early death in most affected individuals. The disease is classically defined by characteristic changes observed on muscle biopsy, including centrally located nuclei, myofiber hypotrophy, and organelle disorganization. In this review, we highlight the clinical and pathologic features of the disease, present concepts related to disease pathomechanisms, and present recent advances in therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada.
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22
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Molecular and cellular basis of genetically inherited skeletal muscle disorders. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:713-732. [PMID: 34257452 PMCID: PMC9686310 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders comprise a diverse group of human inborn diseases that arise from defects in the structure and/or function of the muscle tissue - encompassing the muscle cells (myofibres) themselves and their extracellular matrix - or muscle fibre innervation. Since the identification in 1987 of the first genetic lesion associated with a neuromuscular disorder - mutations in dystrophin as an underlying cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy - the field has made tremendous progress in understanding the genetic basis of these diseases, with pathogenic variants in more than 500 genes now identified as underlying causes of neuromuscular disorders. The subset of neuromuscular disorders that affect skeletal muscle are referred to as myopathies or muscular dystrophies, and are due to variants in genes encoding muscle proteins. Many of these proteins provide structural stability to the myofibres or function in regulating sarcolemmal integrity, whereas others are involved in protein turnover, intracellular trafficking, calcium handling and electrical excitability - processes that ensure myofibre resistance to stress and their primary activity in muscle contraction. In this Review, we discuss how defects in muscle proteins give rise to muscle dysfunction, and ultimately to disease, with a focus on pathologies that are most common, best understood and that provide the most insight into muscle biology.
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23
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Gómez-Oca R, Cowling BS, Laporte J. Common Pathogenic Mechanisms in Centronuclear and Myotubular Myopathies and Latest Treatment Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11377. [PMID: 34768808 PMCID: PMC8583656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are rare congenital disorders characterized by muscle weakness and structural defects including fiber hypotrophy and organelle mispositioning. The main CNM forms are caused by mutations in: the MTM1 gene encoding the phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin (myotubular myopathy), the DNM2 gene encoding the mechanoenzyme dynamin 2, the BIN1 gene encoding the membrane curvature sensing amphiphysin 2, and the RYR1 gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor. MTM1, BIN1, and DNM2 proteins are involved in membrane remodeling and trafficking, while RyR1 directly regulates excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Several CNM animal models have been generated or identified, which confirm shared pathological anomalies in T-tubule remodeling, ECC, organelle mispositioning, protein homeostasis, neuromuscular junction, and muscle regeneration. Dynamin 2 plays a crucial role in CNM physiopathology and has been validated as a common therapeutic target for three CNM forms. Indeed, the promising results in preclinical models set up the basis for ongoing clinical trials. Another two clinical trials to treat myotubular myopathy by MTM1 gene therapy or tamoxifen repurposing are also ongoing. Here, we review the contribution of the different CNM models to understanding physiopathology and therapy development with a focus on the commonly dysregulated pathways and current therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gómez-Oca
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- Dynacure, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | | | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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24
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D'Amico A, Longo A, Fattori F, Tosi M, Bosco L, Chiarini Testa MB, Paglietti G, Cherchi C, Carlesi A, Mizzoni I, Bertini E. Hepatobiliary disease in XLMTM: a common comorbidity with potential impact on treatment strategies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:425. [PMID: 34641930 PMCID: PMC8513353 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare congenital myopathy resulting from pathogenic variants in the MTM1 gene. Affected male subjects typically present with severe hypotonia and respiratory distress at birth and they often require intensive supportive care. Long-term survivors are often non-ambulant, ventilator and feeding tube-dependent and they generally show additional organ manifestations, indicating that myotubularin does play a vital role in tissues other than muscle. For XLMTM several therapeutic strategies are under investigation. For XLMTM several therapeutic strategies are under investigation including a study of intravenous MTM1 gene transfer using a recombinant AAV8 vector of which has some concerns arises due to hepatotoxicity. RESULTS We report prospective and retrospective clinical data of 12 XLMTM patients collected over a period of up to 10 years. In particular, we carried out a thorough review of the data about incidence and the course of hepatobiliary disease in our case series. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that hepatobiliary disease represents a common comorbidity of XLMTM that seems irrespective to age and diseases severity. We recommend to carefully explore and monitor the hepatobiliary function in XLMTM patients. We believe that a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms that induce hepatobiliary damage is essential to understand the fatal events that may occur in the gene therapy program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy. .,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Longo
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Fattori
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Tosi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bosco
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Paglietti
- Pneumology Unit, University Hospital Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Cherchi
- Pneumology Unit, University Hospital Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adelina Carlesi
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Mizzoni
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
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25
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Striated Preferentially Expressed Protein Kinase (SPEG) in Muscle Development, Function, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115732. [PMID: 34072258 PMCID: PMC8199188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in striated preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG), a member of the myosin light chain kinase protein family, are associated with centronuclear myopathy (CNM), cardiomyopathy, or a combination of both. Burgeoning evidence suggests that SPEG plays critical roles in the development, maintenance, and function of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Here we review the genotype-phenotype relationships and the molecular mechanisms of SPEG-related diseases. This review will focus on the progress made toward characterizing SPEG and its interacting partners, and its multifaceted functions in muscle regeneration, triad development and maintenance, and excitation-contraction coupling. We will also discuss future directions that are yet to be investigated including understanding of its tissue-specific roles, finding additional interacting proteins and their relationships. Understanding the basic mechanisms by which SPEG regulates muscle development and function will provide critical insights into these essential processes and help identify therapeutic targets in SPEG-related disorders.
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26
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Tan HL, Chan E. Respiratory care in myotubular myopathy. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00641-2020. [PMID: 33778049 PMCID: PMC7983207 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00641-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy is a neuromuscular condition caused by pathogenic variants in the MTM1 gene, which encodes for myotubularin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate phosphatase. Affected individuals typically require intensive medical intervention to survive, though there are some milder phenotypes. To date, respiratory management has been primarily supportive, optimising clearance of airway secretions, providing ventilatory support and prevention/early intervention of respiratory infections. Encouragingly, there has been significant progress in the development of novel therapeutic strategies such as gene therapy, enzyme replacement therapy and drugs that modulate downstream pathways. In this review, we discuss the common respiratory issues using four illustrative real-life cases, and summarise recent translational research, which offers hope to many patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Leng Tan
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elaine Chan
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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27
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Bragato C, Blasevich F, Ingenito G, Mantegazza R, Maggi L. Therapeutic efficacy of 3,4-Diaminopyridine phosphate on neuromuscular junction in Pompe disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111357. [PMID: 33724918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) and its phosphate form, 3,4-DAPP have been used efficiently in the past years to treat muscular weakness in myasthenic syndromes with neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) impairment. Pompe disease (PD), an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to a defect of the lysosomal enzyme α-glucosidase (GAA), presents some secondary symptoms that are related to neuromuscular transmission dysfunction, resulting in endurance and strength failure. In order to evaluate whether 3,4-DAPP could have a beneficial effect on this pathology, we took advantage of a transient zebrafish PD model that we previously generated and characterized. We investigated presynaptic and postsynaptic structures, NMJs at the electron microscopy level, and zebrafish behavior, before and after treatment with 3,4-DAPP. After drug administration, we observed an increase in the number of acetylcholine receptors an increment in the percentage of NMJs with normal structure and amelioration in embryo behavior, with recovery of typical movements that were lost in the embryo PD model. Our results revealed early NMJ impairment in Pompe zebrafish model with improvement after administration of 3,4-DAPP, suggesting its potential use as symptomatic drug in patients with Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bragato
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Flavia Blasevich
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan 20133, Italy
| | | | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan 20133, Italy
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28
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Koch PA, Dornan GL, Hessenberger M, Haucke V. The molecular mechanisms mediating class II PI 3-kinase function in cell physiology. FEBS J 2021; 288:7025-7042. [PMID: 33387369 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of lipid-modifying enzymes plays vital roles in cell signaling and membrane trafficking through the production of 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides. Numerous studies have analyzed the structure and function of class I and class III PI3Ks. In contrast, we know comparably little about the structure and physiological functions of the class II enzymes. Only recent studies have begun to unravel their roles in development, endocytic and endolysosomal membrane dynamics, signal transduction, and cell migration, while the mechanisms that control their localization and enzymatic activity remain largely unknown. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the class II PI3Ks and outline open questions related to their structure, enzymatic activity, and their physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Alexander Koch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Hessenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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29
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Luo S, Li Q, Lin J, Murphy Q, Marty I, Zhang Y, Kazerounian S, Agrawal PB. SPEG binds with desmin and its deficiency causes defects in triad and focal adhesion proteins. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3882-3891. [PMID: 33355670 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated preferentially expressed gene (SPEG), a member of the myosin light chain kinase family, is localized at the level of triad surrounding myofibrils in skeletal muscles. In humans, SPEG mutations are associated with centronuclear myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Using a striated muscle-specific Speg-knockout (KO) mouse model, we have previously shown that SPEG is critical for triad maintenance and calcium handling. Here, we further examined the molecular function of SPEG and characterized the effects of SPEG deficiency on triad and focal adhesion proteins. We used yeast two-hybrid assay, and identified desmin, an intermediate filament protein, to interact with SPEG and confirmed this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation. Using domain-mapping assay, we defined that Ig-like and fibronectin III domains of SPEG interact with rod domain of desmin. In skeletal muscles, SPEG depletion leads to desmin aggregates in vivo and a shift in desmin equilibrium from soluble to insoluble fraction. We also profiled the expression and localization of triadic proteins in Speg-KO mice using western blot and immunofluorescence. The amount of RyR1 and triadin were markedly reduced, whereas DHPRα1, SERCA1 and triadin were abnormally accumulated in discrete areas of Speg-KO myofibers. In addition, Speg-KO muscles exhibited internalized vinculin and β1 integrin, both of which are critical components of the focal adhesion complex. Further, β1 integrin was abnormally accumulated in early endosomes of Speg-KO myofibers. These results demonstrate that SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles exhibit several pathological features similar to those seen in MTM1 deficiency. Defects of shared cellular pathways may underlie these structural and functional abnormalities in both types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jasmine Lin
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Quinn Murphy
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabelle Marty
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shideh Kazerounian
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Sztretye M, Szabó L, Dobrosi N, Fodor J, Szentesi P, Almássy J, Magyar ZÉ, Dienes B, Csernoch L. From Mice to Humans: An Overview of the Potentials and Limitations of Current Transgenic Mouse Models of Major Muscular Dystrophies and Congenital Myopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238935. [PMID: 33255644 PMCID: PMC7728138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of more than 160 different human neuromuscular disorders characterized by a progressive deterioration of muscle mass and strength. The causes, symptoms, age of onset, severity, and progression vary depending on the exact time point of diagnosis and the entity. Congenital myopathies are rare muscle diseases mostly present at birth that result from genetic defects. There are no known cures for congenital myopathies; however, recent advances in gene therapy are promising tools in providing treatment. This review gives an overview of the mouse models used to investigate the most common muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies with emphasis on their potentials and limitations in respect to human applications.
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31
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T-tubule remodeling in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 42:305-322. [PMID: 33222034 PMCID: PMC8332592 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-020-09591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The highly organized transverse T-tubule membrane system represents the ultrastructural substrate for excitation–contraction coupling in ventricular myocytes. While the architecture and function of T-tubules have been well described in animal models, there is limited morpho-functional data on T-tubules in human myocardium. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disease of the heart muscle, characterized by different clinical presentations at the various stages of its progression. Most HCM patients, indeed, show a compensated hypertrophic disease (“non-failing hypertrophic phase”), with preserved left ventricular function, and only a small subset of individuals evolves into heart failure (“end stage HCM”). In terms of T-tubule remodeling, the “end-stage” disease does not differ from other forms of heart failure. In this review we aim to recapitulate the main structural features of T-tubules during the “non-failing hypertrophic stage” of human HCM by revisiting data obtained from human myectomy samples. Moreover, by comparing pathological changes observed in myectomy samples with those introduced by acute (experimentally induced) detubulation, we discuss the role of T-tubular disruption as a part of the complex excitation–contraction coupling remodeling process that occurs during disease progression. Lastly, we highlight how T-tubule morpho-functional changes may be related to patient genotype and we discuss the possibility of a primitive remodeling of the T-tubule system in rare HCM forms associated with genes coding for proteins implicated in T-tubule structural integrity, formation and maintenance.
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32
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Smith L, Fabian L, Al-Maawali A, Noche RR, Dowling JJ. De novo phosphoinositide synthesis in zebrafish is required for triad formation but not essential for myogenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231364. [PMID: 32804943 PMCID: PMC7430711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIPs) and their regulatory enzymes are key players in many cellular processes and are required for aspects of vertebrate development. Dysregulated PIP metabolism has been implicated in several human diseases, including a subset of skeletal myopathies that feature structural defects in the triad. The role of PIPs in skeletal muscle formation, and particularly triad biogenesis, has yet to be determined. CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase (CDIPT) catalyzes the formation of phosphatidylinositol, which is the base of all PIP species. Loss of CDIPT should, in theory, result in the failure to produce PIPs, and thus provide a strategy for establishing the requirement for PIPs during embryogenesis. In this study, we generated cdipt mutant zebrafish and determined the impact on skeletal myogenesis. Analysis of cdipt mutant muscle revealed no apparent global effect on early muscle development. However, small but significant defects were observed in triad size, with T-tubule area, inter terminal cisternae distance and gap width being smaller in cdipt mutants. This was associated with a decrease in motor performance. Overall, these data suggest that myogenesis in zebrafish does not require de novo PIP synthesis but does implicate a role for CDIPT in triad formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Smith
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lacramioara Fabian
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University & Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ramil R. Noche
- Zebrafish Genetics and Disease Models Core Facility, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James J. Dowling
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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33
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Protasi F, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S. Calcium entry units (CEUs): perspectives in skeletal muscle function and disease. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 42:233-249. [PMID: 32812118 PMCID: PMC8332569 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-020-09586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades the term Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has been used in the scientific literature to describe an ubiquitous cellular mechanism that allows recovery of calcium (Ca2+) from the extracellular space. SOCE is triggered by a reduction of Ca2+ content (i.e. depletion) in intracellular stores, i.e. endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER and SR). In skeletal muscle the mechanism is primarily mediated by a physical interaction between stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1), a Ca2+ sensor located in the SR membrane, and ORAI1, a Ca2+-permeable channel of external membranes, located in transverse tubules (TTs), the invaginations of the plasma membrane (PM) deputed to propagation of action potentials. It is generally accepted that in skeletal muscle SOCE is important to limit muscle fatigue during repetitive stimulation. We recently discovered that exercise promotes the assembly of new intracellular junctions that contains colocalized STIM1 and ORAI1, and that the presence of these new junctions increases Ca2+ entry via ORAI1, while improving fatigue resistance during repetitive stimulation. Based on these findings we named these new junctions Ca2+ Entry Units (CEUs). CEUs are dynamic organelles that assemble during muscle activity and disassemble during recovery thanks to the plasticity of the SR (containing STIM1) and the elongation/retraction of TTs (bearing ORAI1). Interestingly, similar structures described as SR stacks were previously reported in different mouse models carrying mutations in proteins involved in Ca2+ handling (calsequestrin-null mice; triadin and junctin null mice, etc.) or associated to microtubules (MAP6 knockout mice). Mutations in Stim1 and Orai1 (and calsequestrin-1) genes have been associated to tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM), a muscular disease characterized by: (a) muscle pain, cramping, or weakness that begins in childhood and worsens over time, and (b) the presence of large accumulations of ordered SR tubes (tubular aggregates, TAs) that do not contain myofibrils, mitochondria, nor TTs. Interestingly, TAs are also present in fast twitch muscle fibers of ageing mice. Several important issues remain un-answered: (a) the molecular mechanisms and signals that trigger the remodeling of membranes and the functional activation of SOCE during exercise are unclear; and (b) how dysfunctional SOCE and/or mutations in Stim1, Orai1 and calsequestrin (Casq1) genes lead to the formation of tubular aggregates (TAs) in aging and disease deserve investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- DNICS, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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34
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Fabian L, Dowling JJ. Zebrafish Models of LAMA2-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (MDC1A). Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:122. [PMID: 32742259 PMCID: PMC7364686 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD; LAMA2-MD), also referred to as merosin deficient CMD (MDC1A), is a severe neonatal onset muscle disease caused by recessive mutations in the LAMA2 gene. LAMA2 encodes laminin α2, a subunit of the extracellular matrix (ECM) oligomer laminin 211. There are currently no treatments for MDC1A, and there is an incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis. Zebrafish, due to their high degree of genetic conservation with humans, large clutch sizes, rapid development, and optical clarity, have emerged as an excellent model system for studying rare Mendelian diseases. They are particularly suitable as a model for muscular dystrophy because they contain at least one orthologue to all major human MD genes, have muscle that is similar to human muscle in structure and function, and manifest obvious and easily measured MD related phenotypes. In this review article, we present the existing zebrafish models of MDC1A, and discuss their contribution to the understanding of MDC1A pathomechanisms and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacramioara Fabian
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Botté A, Lainé J, Xicota L, Heiligenstein X, Fontaine G, Kasri A, Rivals I, Goh P, Faklaris O, Cossec JC, Morel E, Rebillat AS, Nizetic D, Raposo G, Potier MC. Ultrastructural and dynamic studies of the endosomal compartment in Down syndrome. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:89. [PMID: 32580751 PMCID: PMC7315513 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enlarged early endosomes have been visualized in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS) using conventional confocal microscopy at a resolution corresponding to endosomal size (hundreds of nm). In order to overtake the diffraction limit, we used super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) and transmission electron microscopies (TEM) to analyze the early endosomal compartment in DS.By immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we confirmed that the volume of Early Endosome Antigen 1 (EEA1)-positive puncta was 13-19% larger in fibroblasts and iPSC-derived neurons from individuals with DS, and in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) of the Ts65Dn mice modelling DS. However, EEA1-positive structures imaged by TEM or SR-SIM after chemical fixation had a normal size but appeared clustered. In order to disentangle these discrepancies, we imaged optimally preserved High Pressure Freezing (HPF)-vitrified DS fibroblasts by TEM and found that early endosomes were 75% denser but remained normal-sized.RNA sequencing of DS and euploid fibroblasts revealed a subgroup of differentially-expressed genes related to cargo sorting at multivesicular bodies (MVBs). We thus studied the dynamics of endocytosis, recycling and MVB-dependent degradation in DS fibroblasts. We found no change in endocytosis, increased recycling and delayed degradation, suggesting a "traffic jam" in the endosomal compartment.Finally, we show that the phosphoinositide PI (3) P, involved in early endosome fusion, is decreased in DS fibroblasts, unveiling a new mechanism for endosomal dysfunctions in DS and a target for pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Botté
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Lainé
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Département de Physiologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laura Xicota
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- CryoCapCell, 155 Bd de l’hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Amal Kasri
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rivals
- Equipe de Statistique Appliquée, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, UMRS 1158, Paris, France
| | - Pollyanna Goh
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Orestis Faklaris
- ImagoSeine Imaging Core Facility, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jack-Christophe Cossec
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151 CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Dean Nizetic
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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36
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Yarwood R, Hellicar J, Woodman PG, Lowe M. Membrane trafficking in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/4/dmm043448. [PMID: 32433026 PMCID: PMC7197876 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking pathways are essential for the viability and growth of cells, and play a major role in the interaction of cells with their environment. In this At a Glance article and accompanying poster, we outline the major cellular trafficking pathways and discuss how defects in the function of the molecular machinery that mediates this transport lead to various diseases in humans. We also briefly discuss possible therapeutic approaches that may be used in the future treatment of trafficking-based disorders. Summary: This At a Glance article and poster summarise the major intracellular membrane trafficking pathways and associated molecular machineries, and describe how defects in these give rise to disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Yarwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip G Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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37
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A mutation in MTM1 causes X-Linked myotubular myopathy in Boykin spaniels. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:353-359. [PMID: 32417001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to report the findings of clinical and genetic evaluation of a 3-month old male Boykin spaniel (the proband) that presented with progressive weakness. The puppy underwent a physical and neurological examination, serum biochemistry and complete blood cell count, electrophysiological testing, muscle biopsy and whole genome sequencing. Clinical evaluation revealed generalized neuromuscular weakness with tetraparesis and difficulty holding the head up and a dropped jaw. There was diffuse spontaneous activity on electromyography, most severe in the cervical musculature. Nerve conduction studies were normal, the findings were interpreted as consistent with a myopathy. Skeletal muscle was grossly abnormal on biopsy and there were necklace fibers and abnormal triad structure localization on histopathology, consistent with myotubular myopathy. Whole genome sequencing revealed a premature stop codon in exon 13 of MTM1 (ChrX: 118,903,496 C > T, c.1467C>T, p.Arg512X). The puppy was humanely euthanized at 5 months of age. The puppy's dam was heterozygous for the variant, and 3 male puppies from a subsequent litter all of which died by 2 weeks of age were hemizygous for the variant. This naturally occurring mutation in Boykin spaniels causes a severe form of X-linked myotubular myopathy, comparable to the human counterpart.
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38
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Schartner V, Laporte J, Böhm J. Abnormal Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Calcium Homeostasis in Myopathies and Cardiomyopathies. J Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 6:289-305. [PMID: 31356215 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-180314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction requires specialized membrane structures with precise geometry and relies on the concerted interplay of electrical stimulation and Ca2+ release, known as excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). The membrane structure hosting ECC is called triad in skeletal muscle and dyad in cardiac muscle, and structural or functional defects of triads and dyads have been observed in a variety of myopathies and cardiomyopathies. Based on their function, the proteins localized at the triad/dyad can be classified into three molecular pathways: the Ca2+ release complex (CRC), store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and membrane remodeling. All three are mechanistically linked, and consequently, aberrations in any of these pathways cause similar disease entities. This review provides an overview of the clinical and genetic spectrum of triad and dyad defects with a main focus of attention on the underlying pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schartner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
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39
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Pellerin D, Aykanat A, Ellezam B, Troiano EC, Karamchandani J, Dicaire MJ, Petitclerc M, Robertson R, Allard-Chamard X, Brunet D, Konersman CG, Mathieu J, Warman Chardon J, Gupta VA, Beggs AH, Brais B, Chrestian N. Novel Recessive TNNT1 Congenital Core-Rod Myopathy in French Canadians. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:568-583. [PMID: 31970803 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recessive null variants of the slow skeletal muscle troponin T1 (TNNT1) gene are a rare cause of nemaline myopathy that is fatal in infancy due to respiratory insufficiency. Muscle biopsy shows rods and fiber type disproportion. We report on 4 French Canadians with a novel form of recessive congenital TNNT1 core-rod myopathy. METHODS Patients underwent full clinical characterization, lower limb magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), muscle biopsy, and genetic testing. A zebrafish loss-of-function model using morpholinos was created to assess the pathogenicity of the identified variant. Wild-type or mutated human TNNT1 mRNAs were coinjected with morpholinos to assess their abilities to rescue the morphant phenotype. RESULTS Three adults and 1 child shared a novel missense homozygous variant in the TNNT1 gene (NM_003283.6: c.287T > C; p.Leu96Pro). They developed from childhood very slowly progressive limb-girdle weakness with rigid spine and disabling contractures. They suffered from restrictive lung disease requiring noninvasive mechanical ventilation in 3 patients, as well as recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis triggered by infections, which were relieved by dantrolene in 1 patient. Older patients remained ambulatory into their 60s. MRI of the leg muscles showed fibrofatty infiltration predominating in the posterior thigh and the deep posterior leg compartments. Muscle biopsies showed multiminicores and lobulated fibers, rods in half the patients, and no fiber type disproportion. Wild-type TNNT1 mRNA rescued the zebrafish morphants, but mutant transcripts failed to do so. INTERPRETATION This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of TNNT1 myopathy and provides functional evidence for the pathogenicity of the newly identified missense mutation. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:568-583.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pellerin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Asli Aykanat
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emily C Troiano
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason Karamchandani
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dicaire
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Petitclerc
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, Lévis, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rebecca Robertson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Allard-Chamard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Brunet
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital de l'Enfant Jésus, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean Mathieu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Neuromuscular Disease Clinic, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Jonquière, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman Chardon
- Department of Neurosciences, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vandana A Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Neuromuscular Disease Clinic, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Jonquière, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chrestian
- Department of Child Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval et Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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40
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Hypomorphic zebrafish models mimic the musculoskeletal phenotype of β4GalT7-deficient Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Matrix Biol 2019; 89:59-75. [PMID: 31862401 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
β4GalT7 is a transmembrane Golgi enzyme, encoded by B4GALT7, that plays a pivotal role in the proteoglycan linker region formation during proteoglycan biosynthesis. Defects in this enzyme give rise to a rare autosomal recessive form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), currently known as 'spondylodysplastic EDS (spEDS-B4GALT7)'. This EDS subtype is mainly characterized by short stature, hypotonia and skeletal abnormalities, thereby illustrating its pleiotropic importance during human development. Insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disabling disease are very limited, in part due to the lack of a relevant in vivo model. As the majority of mutations identified in patients with spEDS-B4GALT7 are hypomorphic, we generated zebrafish models with partial loss of B4galt7 function, including different knockdown (morphant) and mosaic knockout (crispant) b4galt7 zebrafish models and studied the morphologic, functional and molecular aspects in embryonic and larval stages. Morphant and crispant zebrafish show highly similar morphological abnormalities in early development including a small, round head, bowed pectoral fins, short body-axis and mild developmental delay. Several craniofacial cartilage and bone structures are absent or strongly misshapen. In addition, the total amount of sulfated glycosaminoglycans is significantly diminished and particularly heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan levels are greatly reduced. We also show impaired cartilage patterning and loss of chondrocyte organization in a cartilage-specific Tg(Col2a1aBAC:mcherry) zebrafish reporter line. The occurrence of the same abnormalities in the different models confirms these are specifically caused by B4galt7 deficiency. A disturbed actin pattern, along with a lack of muscle tone, was only noted in morphants in which translation of b4galt7 was blocked. In conclusion, we generated the first viable animal models for spEDS-B4GALT7, and show that in early development the human spEDS-B4GALT7 phenotype is faithfully mimicked in these zebrafish models. Our findings underscore a key role for β4GalT7 in early development of cartilage, bone and muscle. These models will lead to a better understanding of spEDS-B4GALT7 and can be used in future efforts focusing on therapeutic applications.
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41
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Graham RJ, Ward E. X-linked myotubular myopathy and pulmonary blebs: Not just a muscle disorder. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:E36-E38. [PMID: 31495930 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Graham
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin Ward
- MTM-CNM Family Connection, Inc, Methuen, Massachusetts
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42
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Dupont JB, Guo J, Renaud-Gabardos E, Poulard K, Latournerie V, Lawlor MW, Grange RW, Gray JT, Buj-Bello A, Childers MK, Mack DL. AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer Restores a Normal Muscle Transcriptome in a Canine Model of X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy. Mol Ther 2019; 28:382-393. [PMID: 31784415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple clinical trials employing recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have been initiated for neuromuscular disorders, including Duchenne and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, spinal muscular atrophy, and recently X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM). Our previous work on a canine model of XLMTM showed that a single rAAV8-cMTM1 systemic infusion corrected structural abnormalities within the muscle and restored contractile function, with affected dogs surviving more than 4 years post injection. This remarkable therapeutic efficacy presents a unique opportunity to identify the downstream molecular drivers of XLMTM pathology and to what extent the whole muscle transcriptome is restored to normal after gene transfer. Herein, RNA-sequencing was used to examine the transcriptomes of the Biceps femoris and Vastus lateralis in a previously described canine cohort that showed dose-dependent clinical improvements after rAAV8-cMTM1 gene transfer. Our analysis confirmed several dysregulated genes previously observed in XLMTM mice but also identified transcripts linked to XLMTM pathology. We demonstrated XLMTM transcriptome remodeling and dose-dependent normalization of gene expression after gene transfer and created metrics to pinpoint potential biomarkers of disease progression and correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Dupont
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Audentes Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA
| | - Edith Renaud-Gabardos
- Genethon, INSERM UMR S951, Université Evry Val-d'Essone, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Karine Poulard
- Genethon, INSERM UMR S951, Université Evry Val-d'Essone, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Virginie Latournerie
- Genethon, INSERM UMR S951, Université Evry Val-d'Essone, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Robert W Grange
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - John T Gray
- Audentes Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA
| | - Ana Buj-Bello
- Genethon, INSERM UMR S951, Université Evry Val-d'Essone, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Martin K Childers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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43
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Volpatti JR, Al-Maawali A, Smith L, Al-Hashim A, Brill JA, Dowling JJ. The expanding spectrum of neurological disorders of phosphoinositide metabolism. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/8/dmm038174. [PMID: 31413155 PMCID: PMC6737944 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIPs) are a ubiquitous group of seven low-abundance phospholipids that play a crucial role in defining localized membrane properties and that regulate myriad cellular processes, including cytoskeletal remodeling, cell signaling cascades, ion channel activity and membrane traffic. PIP homeostasis is tightly regulated by numerous inositol kinases and phosphatases, which phosphorylate and dephosphorylate distinct PIP species. The importance of these phospholipids, and of the enzymes that regulate them, is increasingly being recognized, with the identification of human neurological disorders that are caused by mutations in PIP-modulating enzymes. Genetic disorders of PIP metabolism include forms of epilepsy, neurodegenerative disease, brain malformation syndromes, peripheral neuropathy and congenital myopathy. In this Review, we provide an overview of PIP function and regulation, delineate the disorders associated with mutations in genes that modulate or utilize PIPs, and discuss what is understood about gene function and disease pathogenesis as established through animal models of these diseases. Summary: This Review highlights the intersection between phosphoinositides and the enzymes that regulate their metabolism, which together are crucial regulators of myriad cellular processes and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Volpatti
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Lindsay Smith
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aqeela Al-Hashim
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julie A Brill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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44
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Pitchai A, Rajaretinam RK, Freeman JL. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Bioassay-Guided Natural Product Drug Discovery for Neurological Disorders. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E61. [PMID: 31151179 PMCID: PMC6631710 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases are currently incurable, with large social and economic impacts. Recently, there has been renewed interest in investigating natural products in the modern drug discovery paradigm as novel, bioactive small molecules. Moreover, the discovery of potential therapies for neurological disorders is challenging and involves developing optimized animal models for drug screening. In contemporary biomedicine, the growing need to develop experimental models to obtain a detailed understanding of malady conditions and to portray pioneering treatments has resulted in the application of zebrafish to close the gap between in vitro and in vivo assays. Zebrafish in pharmacogenetics and neuropharmacology are rapidly becoming a widely used organism. Brain function, dysfunction, genetic, and pharmacological modulation considerations are enhanced by both larval and adult zebrafish. Bioassay-guided identification of natural products using zebrafish presents as an attractive strategy for generating new lead compounds. Here, we see evidence that the zebrafish's central nervous system is suitable for modeling human neurological disease and we review and evaluate natural product research using zebrafish as a vertebrate model platform to systematically identify bioactive natural products. Finally, we review recently developed zebrafish models of neurological disorders that have the potential to be applied in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pitchai
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit (MNRU), Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNSNT), Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Rajesh Kannan Rajaretinam
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit (MNRU), Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNSNT), Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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45
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Lawless M, Caldwell JL, Radcliffe EJ, Smith CER, Madders GWP, Hutchings DC, Woods LS, Church SJ, Unwin RD, Kirkwood GJ, Becker LK, Pearman CM, Taylor RF, Eisner DA, Dibb KM, Trafford AW. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition improves contractile function and restores transverse tubule loss and catecholamine responsiveness in heart failure. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6801. [PMID: 31043634 PMCID: PMC6494852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by poor survival, a loss of catecholamine reserve and cellular structural remodeling in the form of disorganization and loss of the transverse tubule network. Indeed, survival rates for HF are worse than many common cancers and have not improved over time. Tadalafil is a clinically relevant drug that blocks phosphodiesterase 5 with high specificity and is used to treat erectile dysfunction. Using a sheep model of advanced HF, we show that tadalafil treatment improves contractile function, reverses transverse tubule loss, restores calcium transient amplitude and the heart's response to catecholamines. Accompanying these effects, tadalafil treatment normalized BNP mRNA and prevented development of subjective signs of HF. These effects were independent of changes in myocardial cGMP content and were associated with upregulation of both monomeric and dimerized forms of protein kinase G and of the cGMP hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases 2 and 3. We propose that the molecular switch for the loss of transverse tubules in HF and their restoration following tadalafil treatment involves the BAR domain protein Amphiphysin II (BIN1) and the restoration of catecholamine sensitivity is through reductions in G-protein receptor kinase 2, protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2 A abundance following phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lawless
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica L Caldwell
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Radcliffe
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E R Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - George W P Madders
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hutchings
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Lori S Woods
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme J Kirkwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenz K Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Charles M Pearman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca F Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - David A Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M Dibb
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Congenital myopathies (CM) are a genetically heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders most commonly presenting with neonatal/childhood-onset hypotonia and muscle weakness, a relatively static or slowly progressive disease course, and originally classified into subcategories based on characteristic histopathologic findings in muscle biopsies. This enduring concept of disease definition and classification based on the clinicopathologic phenotype was pioneered in the premolecular era. Advances in molecular genetics have brought into focus the increased blurring of the original seemingly "watertight" categories through broadening of the clinical phenotypes in existing genes, and continuous identification of novel genetic backgrounds. This review summarizes the histopathologic landscape of the 4 "classical" subtypes of CM-nemaline myopathies, core myopathies, centronuclear myopathies, and congenital fiber type disproportion and some of the emerging and novel genetic diseases with a CM presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Phadke
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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Annoussamy M, Lilien C, Gidaro T, Gargaun E, Chê V, Schara U, Gangfuß A, D'Amico A, Dowling JJ, Darras BT, Daron A, Hernandez A, de Lattre C, Arnal JM, Mayer M, Cuisset JM, Vuillerot C, Fontaine S, Bellance R, Biancalana V, Buj-Bello A, Hogrel JY, Landy H, Servais L. X-linked myotubular myopathy: A prospective international natural history study. Neurology 2019; 92:e1852-e1867. [PMID: 30902907 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the MTM1 gene with a large phenotypic heterogeneity, to ensure clinical trial readiness, it was mandatory to better quantify disease burden and determine best outcome measures. METHODS We designed an international prospective and longitudinal natural history study in patients with XLMTM and assessed muscle strength and motor and respiratory functions over the first year of follow-up. The humoral immunity against adeno-associated virus serotype 8 was also monitored. RESULTS Forty-five male patients aged 3.5 months to 56.8 years were enrolled between May 2014 and May 2017. Thirteen patients had a mild phenotype (no ventilation support), 7 had an intermediate phenotype (ventilation support less than 12 hours a day), and 25 had a severe phenotype (ventilation support 12 or more hours a day). Most strength and motor function assessments could be performed even in very weak patients. Motor Function Measure 32 total score, grip and pinch strengths, and forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation, and peak cough flow measures discriminated the 3 groups of patients. Disease history revealed motor milestone loss in several patients. Longitudinal data on 37 patients showed that the Motor Function Measure 32 total score significantly decreased by 2%. Of the 38 patients evaluated, anti-adeno-associated virus type 8 neutralizing activity was detected in 26% with 2 patients having an inhibitory titer >1:10. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that XLMTM is slowly progressive for male survivors regardless of their phenotype and provide outcome validation and natural history data that can support clinical development in this population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT02057705.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Annoussamy
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Charlotte Lilien
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Teresa Gidaro
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Elena Gargaun
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Virginie Chê
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Ulrike Schara
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Andrea Gangfuß
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Adele D'Amico
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - James J Dowling
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Basil T Darras
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Aurore Daron
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Capucine de Lattre
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Jean-Michel Arnal
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Michèle Mayer
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Jean-Marie Cuisset
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Stéphanie Fontaine
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Rémi Bellance
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Valérie Biancalana
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Ana Buj-Bello
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Hal Landy
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA
| | - Laurent Servais
- From I-Motion (M.A., C.L., T.G., E.G., V.C., L.S.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Center (U.S., A.G.), University of Essen, Germany; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (A. D'Amico), Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology (J.J.D.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Boston Children's Hospital (B.T.D.), MA; Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire (A. Daron), CHR La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium; UCI Pediatrica (A.H.), Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain; Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Adulte (C.d.L.), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Service de Réanimation Polyvalente (J.-M.A.), Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires d'Ile de France-Nord et Est (M.M.), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; Service de Neuropédiatrie Hôpital Roger Salengro (J.-M.C.), CHRU, Lille; Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique "L'Escale" (C.V., S.F.), Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, France; CeRCa (R.B.), Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique (V.B.), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg; Genethon (A.B.-B.), UMR S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry; Neuromuscular Investigation Center (J.-Y.H.), Institute of Myology, Paris, France; and Valerion Therapeutics (H.L.), Concord, MA.
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Lionello VM, Nicot AS, Sartori M, Kretz C, Kessler P, Buono S, Djerroud S, Messaddeq N, Koebel P, Prokic I, Hérault Y, Romero NB, Laporte J, Cowling BS. Amphiphysin 2 modulation rescues myotubular myopathy and prevents focal adhesion defects in mice. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/484/eaav1866. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNMs) are severe diseases characterized by muscle weakness and myofiber atrophy. Currently, there are no approved treatments for these disorders. Mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase myotubularin (MTM1) are responsible for X-linked CNM (XLCNM), also called myotubular myopathy, whereas mutations in the membrane remodeling Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs protein amphiphysin 2 [bridging integrator 1 (BIN1)] are responsible for an autosomal form of the disease. Here, we investigated the functional relationship between MTM1 and BIN1 in healthy skeletal muscle and in the physiopathology of CNM. Genetic overexpression of human BIN1 efficiently rescued the muscle weakness and life span in a mouse model of XLCNM. Exogenous human BIN1 expression with adeno-associated virus after birth also prevented the progression of the disease, suggesting that human BIN1 overexpression can compensate for the lack of MTM1 expression in this mouse model. Our results showed that MTM1 controls cell adhesion and integrin localization in mammalian muscle. Alterations in this pathway in Mtm1−/y mice were associated with defects in myofiber shape and size. BIN1 expression rescued integrin and laminin alterations and restored myofiber integrity, supporting the idea that MTM1 and BIN1 are functionally linked and necessary for focal adhesions in skeletal muscle. The results suggest that BIN1 modulation might be an effective strategy for treating XLCNM.
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Nishikawa A, Iida A, Hayashi S, Okubo M, Oya Y, Yamanaka G, Takahashi I, Nonaka I, Noguchi S, Nishino I. Three novel MTM1 pathogenic variants identified in Japanese patients with X-linked myotubular myopathy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e621. [PMID: 30884204 PMCID: PMC6503166 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background X‐linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a form of the severest congenital muscle diseases characterized by marked muscle weakness, hypotonia, and feeding and breathing difficulties in male infants. It is caused by mutations in the myotubularin gene (MTM1). Methods Evaluation of clinical history and examination of muscle pathology of three patients and comprehensive genome analysis on our original targeted gene panel system for muscular diseases. Results We report three patients, each of whom presents distinct muscle pathological features. The three patients have novel hemizygous MTM1 variants, including c.527A>G (p.Gln176Arg), c.595C>G (p.Pro199Ala), or c.688T>C (p.Trp230Arg). Conclusions All variants were assessed as “Class 4 (likely pathogenic)” on the basis of the guideline of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. These distinct pathological features among the patients with variants in the second cluster of PTP domain in MTM1 provides an insight into microheterogeneities in disease phenotypes in XLMTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aritoshi Iida
- Department of Clinical Genome Analysis, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hayashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Okubo
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Oya
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University, Faculty of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ikuya Nonaka
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genome Analysis, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Huntoon V, Widrick JJ, Sanchez C, Rosen SM, Kutchukian C, Cao S, Pierson CR, Liu X, Perrella MA, Beggs AH, Jacquemond V, Agrawal PB. SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles exhibit abnormal triad and defective calcium handling. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1608-1617. [PMID: 29474540 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are a subtype of congenital myopathies (CM) characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and an increase in the number of central myonuclei. We have previously identified three CNM probands, two with associated dilated cardiomyopathy, carrying striated preferentially expressed gene (SPEG) mutations. Currently, the role of SPEG in skeletal muscle function is unclear as constitutive SPEG-deficient mice developed severe dilated cardiomyopathy and died in utero. We have generated a conditional Speg-KO mouse model and excised Speg by crosses with striated muscle-specific cre-expressing mice (MCK-Cre). The resulting litters had a delay in Speg excision consistent with cre expression starting in early postnatal life and, therefore, an extended lifespan up to a few months. KO mice were significantly smaller and weaker than their littermate-matched controls. Histopathological skeletal muscle analysis revealed smaller myofibers, marked fiber-size variability, and poor integrity and low number of triads. Further, SPEG-deficient muscle fibers were weaker by physiological and in vitro studies and exhibited abnormal Ca2+ handling and excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Overall, SPEG deficiency in skeletal muscle is associated with fewer and abnormal triads, and defective calcium handling and excitation-contraction coupling, suggesting that therapies targeting calcium signaling may be beneficial in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Huntoon
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Colline Sanchez
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samantha M Rosen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Candice Kutchukian
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Siqi Cao
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher R Pierson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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