1
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Palmer JW, Kumar N, An L, White AC, Mukhtar MS, Harris ML. Molecular heterogeneity of quiescent melanocyte stem cells revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:480-495. [PMID: 38613320 PMCID: PMC11178447 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) of the hair follicle are a rare cell population within the skin and are notably underrepresented in whole-skin, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. Using a cell enrichment strategy to isolate KIT+/CD45- cells from the telogen skin of adult female C57BL/6J mice, we evaluated the transcriptional landscape of quiescent McSCs (qMcSCs) at high resolution. Through this evaluation, we confirmed existing molecular signatures for qMcCS subpopulations (e.g., Kit+, Cd34+/-, Plp1+, Cd274+/-, Thy1+, Cdh3+/-) and identified novel qMcSC subpopulations, including two that differentially regulate their immune privilege status. Within qMcSC subpopulations, we also predicted melanocyte differentiation potential, neural crest potential, and quiescence depth. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the qMcSC population is heterogeneous and future studies focused on investigating changes in qMcSCs should consider changes in subpopulation composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Palmer
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nilesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Luye An
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Andrew C. White
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Melissa L. Harris
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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2
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Huang L, Zuo Y, Li S, Li C. Melanocyte stem cells in the skin: Origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1720. [PMID: 38778457 PMCID: PMC11111606 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (MSCs), melanocyte lineage-specific skin stem cells derived from the neural crest, are observed in the mammalian hair follicle, the epidermis or the sweat gland. MSCs differentiate into mature melanin-producing melanocytes, which confer skin and hair pigmentation and uphold vital skin functions. In controlling and coordinating the homeostasis, repair and regeneration of skin tissue, MSCs play a vital role. Decreased numbers or impaired functions of MSCs are closely associated with the development and therapy of many skin conditions, such as hair graying, vitiligo, wound healing and melanoma. With the advancement of stem cell technology, the relevant features of MSCs have been further elaborated. In this review, we provide an exhaustive overview of cutaneous MSCs and highlight the latest advances in MSC research. A better understanding of the biological characteristics and micro-environmental regulatory mechanisms of MSCs will help to improve clinical applications in regenerative medicine, skin pigmentation disorders and cancer therapy. KEY POINTS: This review provides a concise summary of the origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential of cutaneous MSCs. The role and potential application value of MSCs in skin pigmentation disorders are discussed. The significance of single-cell RNA sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9 technology and practical models in MSCs research is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling Huang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuzhi Zuo
- Department of Plastic and Burns SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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3
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Cui YZ, Xu F, Zhou Y, Wang ZY, Yang XY, Fu NC, Chen XB, Zheng YX, Chen XY, Ye LR, Li YY, Man XY. SPRY1 Deficiency in Keratinocytes Induces Follicular Melanocyte Stem Cell Migration to the Epidermis through p53/Stem Cell Factor/C-KIT Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00178-7. [PMID: 38462125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The function and survival of melanocytes is regulated by an elaborate network of paracrine factors synthesized mainly by epidermal keratinocytes (KCs). KCs and melanocytes respond to UV exposure by eliciting a tanning response. However, how KCs and melanocytes interact in the absence of UV exposure is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that after SPRY1 knockout in epidermal KCs, melanocyte stem cells in the hair follicle exit the niche without depleting the pool of these cells. We also found that melanocyte stem cells migrate to the epidermis in a p53/stem cell factor/C-KIT-dependent manner induced by a tanning-like response resulting from SPRY1 loss in epidermal KCs. Once there, these cells differentiate into functional melanocytes. These findings provide an example in which the migration of melanocyte stem cells to the epidermis is due to loss of SPRY1 in epidermal KCs and show the potential for developing therapies for skin pigmentation disorders by manipulating melanocyte stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhe Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Yu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni-Chang Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Bei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ran Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Man
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Palmer JW, Kumar N, An L, White AC, Mukhtar MS, Harris ML. Molecular heterogeneity of quiescent melanocyte stem cells revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.19.571712. [PMID: 38187565 PMCID: PMC10769266 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.571712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) of the hair follicle are a rare cell population within the skin and are notably underrepresented in whole-skin, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. Using a cell enrichment strategy to isolate KIT+/CD45-cells from the telogen skin of adult female C57BL/6J mice, we evaluated the transcriptional landscape of quiescent McSCs (qMcSCs) at high resolution. Through this evaluation, we confirmed existing molecular signatures for qMcCS subpopulations (e.g., Kit+, Cd34+/- , Plp1+, Cd274+/-, Thy1+, Cdh3+/- ) and identified novel qMcSC subpopulations, including two that differentially regulate their immune privilege status. Within qMcSC subpopulations, we also predicted melanocyte differentiation potential, neural crest potential, and quiescence depth. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the qMcSC population is heterogenous and future studies focused on investigating changes in qMcSCs should consider changes in subpopulation composition. Significance Single cell transcriptomics has revolutionized our ability to interrogate the dynamic nature of tissues. Here we provide a high-resolution map of the melanocyte stem cell population during quiescence. This map provides one of few examples highlighting broad heterogeneity in stem cells during the quiescent cell state. The map also unifies previous observations using other cell, molecular and functional analyses to define the unique features of the quiescent melanocyte stem cell population. This data provides a valuable resource to individuals interested in further evaluating aspects of cellular quiescence in stem cells broadly or melanocyte stem cells specifically.
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5
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Lee S, An L, Soloway PD, White AC. Dynamic regulation of chromatin accessibility during melanocyte stem cell activation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:531-541. [PMID: 37462349 PMCID: PMC10794558 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) of the hair follicle are necessary for hair pigmentation and can serve as melanoma cells of origin when harboring cancer-driving mutations. McSCs can be released from quiescence, activated, and undergo differentiation into pigment-producing melanocytes during the hair cycle or due to environmental stimuli, such as ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms regulating McSC stemness, activation, and differentiation remains limited. Here, to capture the differing possible states in which murine McSCs can exist, we sorted melanocyte nuclei from quiescent (telogen) skin, skin actively producing hair shafts (anagen), and skin exposed to UVB. With these sorted nuclei, we then utilized single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (snATAC-seq) and characterized three melanocyte lineages: quiescent McSCs (qMcSCs), activated McSCs (aMcSCs), and differentiated melanocytes (dMCs) that co-exist in all three skin conditions. Furthermore, we successfully identified differentially accessible genes and enriched transcription factor binding motifs for each melanocyte lineage. Our findings reveal potential gene regulators that determine these melanocyte cell states and provide new insights into how aMcSC chromatin states are regulated differently under divergent intrinsic and extrinsic cues. We also provide a publicly available online tool with a user-friendly interface to explore this comprehensive dataset, which will provide a resource for further studies on McSC regulation upon natural or UVB-mediated stem cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Lee
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Luye An
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Paul D Soloway
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Andrew C White
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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6
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Stüfchen I, Beyer F, Staebler S, Fischer S, Kappelmann M, Beckervordersandforth R, Bosserhoff AK. Sox9 regulates melanocytic fate decision of adult hair follicle stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:106919. [PMID: 37283806 PMCID: PMC10239701 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulge of hair follicles harbors Nestin+ (neural crest like) stem cells, which exhibit the potential to generate various cell types including melanocytes. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of Sox9, an important regulator during neural crest development, in melanocytic differentiation of those adult Nestin+ cells. Immunohistochemical analysis after conditional Sox9 deletion in Nestin+ cells of adult mice revealed that Sox9 is crucial for melanocytic differentiation of these cells and that Sox9 acts as a fate determinant between melanocytic and glial fate. A deeper understanding of factors that regulate fate decision, proliferation and differentiation of these stem cells provides new aspects to melanoma research as melanoma cells share many similarities with neural crest cells. In summary, we here show the important role of Sox9 in melanocytic versus glial fate decision of Nestin+ stem cells in the skin of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Stüfchen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Beyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Staebler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Kappelmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany
| | | | - Anja K. Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Stüfchen I, Beckervordersandforth R, Fischer S, Kappelmann M, Bosserhoff AK, Beyer F. Two novel CreER T2 transgenic mouse lines to study melanocytic cells in vivo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:613-621. [PMID: 35920064 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin of adult mammals protects from radiation, physical and chemical insults. While melanocytes and melanocyte-producing stem cells contribute to proper skin function in healthy organisms, dysfunction of these cells can lead to the generation of malignant melanoma - the deadliest type of skin cancer. Addressing cells of the melanocyte lineage in vivo represents a prerequisite for the understanding of melanoma on cellular level and the development of preventive and treatment strategies. Here, the inducible Cre-loxP-system has emerged as a promising tool to specifically target, monitor and modulate cells in adult mice. Re-analysis of existing sequencing data sets of melanocytic cells revealed that genes with a known function in neural cells, including neural stem cells (Aldh1L1 and Nestin), are also expressed in melanocytic cells. Therefore, in this study we explored whether the promoter activity of Nestin and Aldh1L1 can serve to target cells of the melanocyte lineage using the inducible CreERT2 -loxP-system. Using an immunohistochemical approach and different time-points of analysis, we were able to map the melanocytic fate of recombined stem cells in the adult hair follicle of Nestin-CreERT2 and Aldh1L1-CreERT2 transgenic mice. Thus, we here present two new mouse models and propose their use to study and putatively modulate adult melanocytic cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Stüfchen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Fischer
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Kappelmann
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Beyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Wang H, Guo H, Yuan B, Zhang J. Transcriptome sequencing of black and white hair follicles in the giant panda. Integr Zool 2022; 18:552-568. [PMID: 35500067 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the completion of the draft assembly of the giant panda genome sequence, RNA sequencing technology has been widely used in genetic research on giant pandas. We used RNA-seq to examine black and white hair follicle samples from adult pandas. By comparison with the giant panda genome, 75 963 SNP loci were labeled, 2 426 differentially expressed genes were identified, and 2 029 new genes were discovered, among which 631 were functionally annotated. A cluster analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that they were mainly related to the Wnt signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, the p53 signaling pathway and ribosome processing. The enrichment results showed that there were significant differences in the regulatory networks of hair follicles with different colors during the transitional stage of hair follicle resting growth, which may play a regulatory role in melanin synthesis during growth. In conclusion, our results provide new insights and more data support for research on the color formation in giant pandas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingmin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoqi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haixiang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Han J, Lin K, Choo H, He J, Wang X, Wu Y, Chen X. β-Catenin Signaling Evokes Hair Follicle Senescence by Accelerating the Differentiation of Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Progenitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839519. [PMID: 35478971 PMCID: PMC9037041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: β-catenin signaling controls multiple fibroblast subsets, with its overactivity promoting the differentiation of hair follicle dermal stem cells (hfDSCs) and the hyperactivation of interfollicular fibroblasts. Understanding the concept of hfDSC activation and modulation offers hope towards the therapeutic armamentarium in dermatology and related comorbidities, as well as their potential applications in gerontology (the study of physiological aging). Having a comprehensive understanding in this stochastic process could also further yield important, novel insights into the molecular basis of skin aging to improve lifespan and preventing aging-related diseases. Methods: A new CD34CrePGR mouse line was generated. Through fate-tracing models and a series of β-catenin genetic experiments, our study depicts how the wound environment increases phosphorylated β-catenin in hfDSCs and facilitates their differentiation into dermal papilla (DP) and dermal sheath (DS). In mice carrying hfDSC-specific activated allele of β-catenin, hfDSCs accelerated their differentiation into DP cells. Results: Notably, with β-catenin stabilization in CD34-expressing cells and potential activation of canonical Wnt signaling, the mutant mice showed a brief increase of hair density in the short term, but over time leads to a senescence phenotype developing premature canities and thinning [hair follicle (HF) miniaturization]. Conclusion: β-catenin signaling drove HF senescence by accelerating differentiation of CD34+ hfDSCs, resulting in phenotypes attributable to the differentiation of the hfDSCs into DP cells and the loss of their stem cell potential. Therefore, our study reveals that the regulation of β-catenin signaling in hfDSCs may potentially become an important subject for future exploration in development of clinically effective therapies for hair loss treatment and an excellent model for revealing new therapeutic approaches to reverse aging or retarding the development of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Han
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen, China, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaijun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Choo
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen, China, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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10
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Brombin A, Simpson DJ, Travnickova J, Brunsdon H, Zeng Z, Lu Y, Young AIJ, Chandra T, Patton EE. Tfap2b specifies an embryonic melanocyte stem cell that retains adult multifate potential. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110234. [PMID: 35021087 PMCID: PMC8764619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells, are replenished from multiple stem cell niches in adult tissue. Although pigmentation traits are known risk factors for melanoma, we know little about melanocyte stem cell (McSC) populations other than hair follicle McSCs and lack key lineage markers with which to identify McSCs and study their function. Here we find that Tfap2b and a select set of target genes specify an McSC population at the dorsal root ganglia in zebrafish. Functionally, Tfap2b is required for only a few late-stage embryonic melanocytes, and is essential for McSC-dependent melanocyte regeneration. Fate mapping data reveal that tfap2b+ McSCs have multifate potential, and are the cells of origin for large patches of adult melanocytes, two other pigment cell types (iridophores and xanthophores), and nerve-associated cells. Hence, Tfap2b confers McSC identity in early development, distinguishing McSCs from other neural crest and pigment cell lineages, and retains multifate potential in the adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel J Simpson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jana Travnickova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hannah Brunsdon
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Yuting Lu
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Adelaide I J Young
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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11
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Sakamoto K, Jin SP, Goel S, Jo JH, Voisin B, Kim D, Nadella V, Liang H, Kobayashi T, Huang X, Deming C, Horiuchi K, Segre JA, Kong HH, Nagao K. Disruption of the endopeptidase ADAM10-Notch signaling axis leads to skin dysbiosis and innate lymphoid cell-mediated hair follicle destruction. Immunity 2021; 54:2321-2337.e10. [PMID: 34582748 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) function as hubs for stem cells, immune cells, and commensal microbes, which must be tightly regulated during homeostasis and transient inflammation. Here we found that transmembrane endopeptidase ADAM10 expression in upper HFs was crucial for regulating the skin microbiota and protecting HFs and their stem cell niche from inflammatory destruction. Ablation of the ADAM10-Notch signaling axis impaired the innate epithelial barrier and enabled Corynebacterium species to predominate the microbiome. Dysbiosis triggered group 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated inflammation in an interleukin-7 (IL-7) receptor-, S1P receptor 1-, and CCR6-dependent manner, leading to pyroptotic cell death of HFs and irreversible alopecia. Double-stranded RNA-induced ablation models indicated that the ADAM10-Notch signaling axis bolsters epithelial innate immunity by promoting β-defensin-6 expression downstream of type I interferon responses. Thus, ADAM10-Notch signaling axis-mediated regulation of host-microbial symbiosis crucially protects HFs from inflammatory destruction, which has implications for strategies to sustain tissue integrity during chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Sakamoto
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seon-Pil Jin
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shubham Goel
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jay-Hyun Jo
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Voisin
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Doyoung Kim
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vinod Nadella
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hai Liang
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clay Deming
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Julia A Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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12
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Belote RL, Le D, Maynard A, Lang UE, Sinclair A, Lohman BK, Planells-Palop V, Baskin L, Tward AD, Darmanis S, Judson-Torres RL. Human melanocyte development and melanoma dedifferentiation at single-cell resolution. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1035-1047. [PMID: 34475532 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In humans, epidermal melanocytes are responsible for skin pigmentation, defence against ultraviolet radiation and the deadliest common skin cancer, melanoma. Although there is substantial overlap in melanocyte development pathways between different model organisms, species-dependent differences are frequent and the conservation of these processes in human skin remains unresolved. Here, we used a single-cell enrichment and RNA-sequencing pipeline to study human epidermal melanocytes directly from the skin, capturing transcriptomes across different anatomical sites, developmental age, sexes and multiple skin tones. We uncovered subpopulations of melanocytes that exhibit anatomical site-specific enrichment that occurs during gestation and persists through adulthood. The transcriptional signature of the volar-enriched subpopulation is retained in acral melanomas. Furthermore, we identified human melanocyte differentiation transcriptional programs that are distinct from gene signatures generated from model systems. Finally, we used these programs to define patterns of dedifferentiation that are predictive of melanoma prognosis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Belote
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniel Le
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Maynard
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula E Lang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- Department of Urology and Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Lohman
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vicente Planells-Palop
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Baskin
- Department of Urology and Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron D Tward
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Spyros Darmanis
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Robert L Judson-Torres
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M McConnell
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Awad SS. Seven strategies for the management of depigmented skin according to the etiopathogenesis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S. Awad
- Dermatology & Venereology Department Faculty of Medicine Minia University Minia Egypt
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15
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Bejaoui M, Ferdousi F, Zheng YW, Oda T, Isoda H. Regulating cell fate of human amnion epithelial cells using natural compounds: an example of enhanced neural and pigment differentiation by 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:26. [PMID: 33627134 PMCID: PMC7903623 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, Human Amnion Epithelial Cells (hAECs), a placental stem cell, are gaining higher attention from the scientific community as they showed several advantages over other types of stem cells, including availability, easy accessibility, reduced rejection rate, non-tumorigenicity, and minimal legal constraint. Recently, natural compounds are used to stimulate stem cell differentiation and proliferation and to enhance their disease-treating potential. A polyphenolic compound 3,4,5-Tri-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid (TCQA) has been previously reported to induce human neural stem cell differentiation and may affect melanocyte stem cell differentiation as well. In this study, TCQA was tested on 3D cultured hAECs after seven days of treatment, and then, microarray gene expression profiling was conducted of TCQA-treated and untreated control cells on day 0 and day 7. Analyses revealed that TCQA treatment significantly enriched pigment and neural cells sets; besides, genes linked with neurogenesis, oxidation-reduction process, epidermal development, and metabolism were positively regulated. Interestingly, TCQA stimulated cell cycle arrest-related pathways and differentiation signaling. On the other hand, TCQA decreased interleukins and cytokines expression and this due to its anti-inflammatory properties as a polyphenolic compound. Results were validated to highlight the main activities of TCQA on hAECs, including differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and anti-inflammatory. This study highlights the important role of hAECs in regenerative medicine and the use of natural compounds to regulate their fate. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bejaoui
- Alliance for Research On the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research On the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research On the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
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16
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Tandukar B, Kalapurakal E, Hornyak TJ. B6-Dct-H2BGFP bitransgenic mice: A standardized mouse model for in vivo characterization of melanocyte development and stem cell differentiation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:905-917. [PMID: 33544968 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) are key components of the hair follicle (HF) stem cell system that regenerate differentiated melanocytes during successive HF cycles. To facilitate continued research on melanocyte development and differentiation and McSCs, we backcrossed inducible Dct-H2BGFP mice into the C57BL/6J background (B6-Dct-H2BGFP). We compared the expression pattern of B6-Dct-H2BGFP to that of Dct-H2BGFP mice on a mixed genetic background reported previously. To characterize B6-Dct-H2BGFP mice, we confirmed not only the expression of GFP in all melanocyte lineage cells, but also doxycycline regulation of GFP expression. Furthermore, ex vivo culture of the McSC subsets isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) showed the propensity of bulge/CD34+ McSCs to differentiate with expression of non-melanocytic, neural crest lineage markers including glia (Gfap and CNPase, 73 ± 1% and 77 ± 2%, respectively), neurons (Tuj1 26 ± 5%), and smooth muscle (α-Sma, 31 ± 9%). In contrast, CD34-/secondary hair germ (SHG) McSCs differentiated into pigmented melanocytes, with higher expression of melanogenic markers Tyr (71 ± 1%), Tyrp1 (68 ± 4%), and Mitf (75 ± 7%). These results establish the utility of B6-Dct-H2BGFP bitransgenic mice for future in vivo studies of melanocytes requiring a defined genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Tandukar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanual Kalapurakal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Hornyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Research & Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Hirobe T, Enami H, Nakayama A. The human melanocyte and melanoblast populations per unit area of epidermis in the rete ridge are greater than in the inter-rete ridge. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:211-217. [PMID: 33296514 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In human skin, melanocytes and melanoblasts are mostly located in the epidermis in addition to hair follicles. In hairy skin such as mouse skin, the inter-follicular epidermis is generally flat. In contrast, in human skin, the epidermis is wavy and possesses well-developed rete ridges. It is not well understood what difference exists in cell function between melanocytes present in the inter-rete ridge and those in the rete ridge. To clarify this problem, we first tried to determine the melanocyte and melanoblast populations per unit area of epidermis both in the rete ridge and inter-rete ridge epidermis. METHODS Thirty-eight samples from normal skin sites of 28 patients (14 males and 14 females) aged from 5 to 76 years were fixed and processed to dopa and combined dopa-premelanin reactions. The numbers of cells positive to the dopa (melanocytes) and combined dopa-premelanin (melanoblasts and melanocytes) reactions were scored. RESULTS The average melanocyte population/0.1 mm2 of the inter-rete ridge was 74 cells, whereas that of the rete ridge was 147 cells. Moreover, the average melanoblast population/0.1 mm2 in the inter-rete ridge was 43 cells, whereas that of the rete ridge was 131 cells. The melanoblast population in the rete ridge differed between female and male, but the melanocyte populations in the rete ridge and inter-rete ridge and the melanoblast population in the inter-rete ridge did not differ between female and male. However, no age difference in the melanocyte and melanoblast populations was observed between the rete ridge and inter-rete ridge. CONCLUSION Human epidermal melanocytes and melanoblasts in the rete ridge exist more numerously than in the inter-rete ridge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisao Enami
- Shinjuku Skin Clinic, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Nakayama
- Shinjuku Skin Clinic, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Markers of Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Infarinato NR, Stewart KS, Yang Y, Gomez NC, Pasolli HA, Hidalgo L, Polak L, Carroll TS, Fuchs E. BMP signaling: at the gate between activated melanocyte stem cells and differentiation. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1713-1734. [PMID: 33184221 PMCID: PMC7706702 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340281.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Through recurrent bouts synchronous with the hair cycle, quiescent melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) become activated to generate proliferative progeny that differentiate into pigment-producing melanocytes. The signaling factors orchestrating these events remain incompletely understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing with comparative gene expression analysis to elucidate the transcriptional dynamics of McSCs through quiescence, activation, and melanocyte maturation. Unearthing converging signs of increased WNT and BMP signaling along this progression, we endeavored to understand how these pathways are integrated. Employing conditional lineage-specific genetic ablation studies in mice, we found that loss of BMP signaling in the lineage leads to hair graying due to a block in melanocyte maturation. We show that interestingly, BMP signaling functions downstream from activated McSCs and maintains WNT effector, transcription factor LEF1. Employing pseudotime analysis, genetics, and chromatin landscaping, we show that following WNT-mediated activation of McSCs, BMP and WNT pathways collaborate to trigger the commitment of proliferative progeny by fueling LEF1- and MITF-dependent differentiation. Our findings shed light upon the signaling interplay and timing of cues that orchestrate melanocyte lineage progression in the hair follicle and underscore a key role for BMP signaling in driving complete differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Infarinato
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Katherine S Stewart
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yihao Yang
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas C Gomez
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lynette Hidalgo
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lisa Polak
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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20
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Lifante J, Del Rosal B, Chaves-Coira I, Fernández N, Jaque D, Ximendes E. The near-infrared autofluorescence fingerprint of the brain. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000154. [PMID: 32696624 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a vital organ involved in most of the central nervous system disorders. Their diagnosis and treatment require fast, cost-effective, high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging. The combination of a new generation of luminescent nanoparticles and imaging systems working in the second biological window (near-infrared II [NIR-II]) is emerging as a reliable alternative. For NIR-II imaging to become a robust technique at the preclinical level, full knowledge of the NIR-II brain autofluorescence, responsible for the loss of image resolution and contrast, is required. This work demonstrates that the brain shows a peculiar infrared autofluorescence spectrum that can be correlated with specific molecular components. The existence of particular structures within the brain with well-defined NIR autofluorescence fingerprints is also evidenced, opening the door to in vivo anatomical imaging. Finally, we propose a rational selection of NIR luminescent probes suitable for low-noise brain imaging based on their spectral overlap with brain autofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lifante
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Del Rosal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Chaves-Coira
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Fernández
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erving Ximendes
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Joshi SS, Hornyak TJ. Cellular Phenotypic Plasticity of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Complex Puzzle. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:743-745. [PMID: 32200877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wenzina et al. (2020) explore the potential role of E-cadherin (CDH1) as a marker for invasive behavior in melanoma. The authors show that CDH1 expression is modulated by p38 signaling, and that manipulation of this pathway can impede endothelial disruption and lung dissemination in vivo and in vitro. The downstream markers PODXL and DEL of the invasive phenotype are associated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas J Hornyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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22
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Ruiz-Vega R, Chen CF, Razzak E, Vasudeva P, Krasieva TB, Shiu J, Caldwell MG, Yan H, Lowengrub J, Ganesan AK, Lander AD. Dynamics of nevus development implicate cell cooperation in the growth arrest of transformed melanocytes. eLife 2020; 9:61026. [PMID: 33047672 PMCID: PMC7553774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutational activation of the BRAF proto-oncogene in melanocytes reliably produces benign nevi (pigmented 'moles'), yet the same change is the most common driver mutation in melanoma. The reason nevi stop growing, and do not progress to melanoma, is widely attributed to a cell-autonomous process of 'oncogene-induced senescence'. Using a mouse model of Braf-driven nevus formation, analyzing both proliferative dynamics and single-cell gene expression, we found no evidence that nevus cells are senescent, either compared with other skin cells, or other melanocytes. We also found that nevus size distributions could not be fit by any simple cell-autonomous model of growth arrest, yet were easily fit by models based on collective cell behavior, for example in which arresting cells release an arrest-promoting factor. We suggest that nevus growth arrest is more likely related to the cell interactions that mediate size control in normal tissues, than to any cell-autonomous, 'oncogene-induced' program of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Ruiz-Vega
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Chi-Fen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Emaad Razzak
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Priya Vasudeva
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Tatiana B Krasieva
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Jessica Shiu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Michael G Caldwell
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Huaming Yan
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - John Lowengrub
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Anand K Ganesan
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Arthur D Lander
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
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23
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O'Sullivan JDB, Nicu C, Picard M, Chéret J, Bedogni B, Tobin DJ, Paus R. The biology of human hair greying. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:107-128. [PMID: 32965076 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair greying (canities) is one of the earliest, most visible ageing-associated phenomena, whose modulation by genetic, psychoemotional, oxidative, senescence-associated, metabolic and nutritional factors has long attracted skin biologists, dermatologists, and industry. Greying is of profound psychological and commercial relevance in increasingly ageing populations. In addition, the onset and perpetuation of defective melanin production in the human anagen hair follicle pigmentary unit (HFPU) provides a superb model for interrogating the molecular mechanisms of ageing in a complex human mini-organ, and greying-associated defects in bulge melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) represent an intriguing system of neural crest-derived stem cell senescence. Here, we emphasize that human greying invariably begins with the gradual decline in melanogenesis, including reduced tyrosinase activity, defective melanosome transfer and apoptosis of HFPU melanocytes, and is thus a primary event of the anagen hair bulb, not the bulge. Eventually, the bulge MSC pool becomes depleted as well, at which stage greying becomes largely irreversible. There is still no universally accepted model of human hair greying, and the extent of genetic contributions to greying remains unclear. However, oxidative damage likely is a crucial driver of greying via its disruption of HFPU melanocyte survival, MSC maintenance, and of the enzymatic apparatus of melanogenesis itself. While neuroendocrine factors [e.g. alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), ß-endorphin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)], and micropthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) are well-known regulators of human hair follicle melanocytes and melanogenesis, how exactly these and other factors [e.g. thyroid hormones, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), P-cadherin, peripheral clock activity] modulate greying requires more detailed study. Other important open questions include how HFPU melanocytes age intrinsically, how psychoemotional stress impacts this process, and how current insights into the gerontobiology of the human HFPU can best be translated into retardation or reversal of greying.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D B O'Sullivan
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Carina Nicu
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Martin Picard
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th Street, PH1540N, New York, 10032, U.S.A
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Barbara Bedogni
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Skin & Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, D-48149, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
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24
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Xiao T, Yan Z, Xiao S, Xia Y. Proinflammatory cytokines regulate epidermal stem cells in wound epithelialization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:232. [PMID: 32527289 PMCID: PMC7291661 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin, which serves as the first barrier of the human body, is particularly susceptible to exogenous injuries. Skin wounds, including acute burns and chronic non-healing ulcers, are commonly observed in clinics. Healing of skin wounds is a complex process, consisting of infiltration of inflammatory cells, cellular proliferation, and tissue remodeling phases, which restore the integrity and functions of the skin. Epithelialization is involved in wound healing through re-establishing an intact keratinocyte layer. Epidermal stem cells are indispensable for epithelialization, and they are regulated by multiple proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the effect of these cytokines on migration, proliferation, and differentiation processes of epidermal stem cells. We also introduce promising therapeutic strategies targeting epidermal stem cells or related proinflammatory cytokines for patients with skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhu Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shengxiang Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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25
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Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin that targets pigment-producing melanocytes and results in patches of depigmentation that are visible as white spots. Recent research studies have yielded a strong mechanistic understanding of this disease. Autoreactive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells engage melanocytes and promote disease progression through the local production of IFN-γ, and IFN-γ-induced chemokines are then secreted from surrounding keratinocytes to further recruit T cells to the skin through a positive-feedback loop. Both topical and systemic treatments that block IFN-γ signaling can effectively reverse vitiligo in humans; however, disease relapse is common after stopping treatments. Autoreactive resident memory T cells are responsible for relapse, and new treatment strategies focus on eliminating these cells to promote long-lasting benefit. Here, we discuss basic, translational, and clinical research studies that provide insight into the pathogenesis of vitiligo, and how this insight has been utilized to create new targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Frisoli
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA;, ,
| | - Kingsley Essien
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA;, ,
| | - John E. Harris
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA;, ,
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26
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Pérez-Guijarro E, Yang HH, Araya RE, El Meskini R, Michael HT, Vodnala SK, Marie KL, Smith C, Chin S, Lam KC, Thorkelsson A, Iacovelli AJ, Kulaga A, Fon A, Michalowski AM, Hugo W, Lo RS, Restifo NP, Sharan SK, Van Dyke T, Goldszmid RS, Weaver Ohler Z, Lee MP, Day CP, Merlino G. Multimodel preclinical platform predicts clinical response of melanoma to immunotherapy. Nat Med 2020; 26:781-791. [PMID: 32284588 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, only a subset of patients demonstrate durable clinical benefit. Definitive predictive biomarkers and targets to overcome resistance remain unidentified, underscoring the urgency to develop reliable immunocompetent models for mechanistic assessment. Here we characterize a panel of syngeneic mouse models, representing a variety of molecular and phenotypic subtypes of human melanomas and exhibiting their diverse range of responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Comparative analysis of genomic, transcriptomic and tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles demonstrated alignment with clinical observations and validated the correlation of T cell dysfunction and exclusion programs with resistance. Notably, genome-wide expression analysis uncovered a melanocytic plasticity signature predictive of patient outcome in response to ICB, suggesting that the multipotency and differentiation status of melanoma can determine ICB benefit. Our comparative preclinical platform recapitulates melanoma clinical behavior and can be employed to identify mechanisms and treatment strategies to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pérez-Guijarro
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Howard H Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Romina E Araya
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rajaa El Meskini
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Helen T Michael
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suman Kumar Vodnala
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Lyell Immunopharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kerrie L Marie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cari Smith
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sung Chin
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Khiem C Lam
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andres Thorkelsson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony J Iacovelli
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Alan Kulaga
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anyen Fon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aleksandra M Michalowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Willy Hugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger S Lo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Lyell Immunopharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Terry Van Dyke
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Path Forward Solutions, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Romina S Goldszmid
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zoe Weaver Ohler
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Chi-Ping Day
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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27
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Bejaoui M, Villareal MO, Isoda H. 3,4,5-Tri- O-Caffeoylquinic Acid Promoted Hair Pigmentation Through β-Catenin and Its Target Genes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:175. [PMID: 32269993 PMCID: PMC7109265 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle undergoes a regular cycle composed of three phases: anagen, catagen, and telogen. The life of follicular melanocytes is totally linked to the hair cycle; and during anagen or the growth phase, the melanocytes are active and produce the melanin responsible of hair shaft pigmentation. Various signaling pathways regulate the hair growth cycle and, therefore, the pigmentation; we distinguish the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as it plays a major role in the development, growth, and proliferation of the melanocytes and the activation of melanogenesis enzymes and the related transcription factor. In this study, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (TCQA), a caffeoylquinic acid derivative, stimulated the pigmentation in C3H mouse hair follicle, in human melanocytes, and B16F10 melanoma cells. An enhancement in pigmentation associated genes was observed upon TCQA treatment in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, the expression of β-catenin was remarkably upregulated in mouse treated skin and in pigment cell lines. Moreover, TCQA upregulated CTNNB1 expression after inhibition in human melanocytes. Taken together, this study suggests that TCQA triggered β-catenin activation to enhance the pigmentation during the anagen phase of the hair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bejaoui
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Myra O. Villareal
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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28
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Yamakawa M, Santosa SM, Chawla N, Ivakhnitskaia E, Del Pino M, Giakas S, Nadel A, Bontu S, Tambe A, Guo K, Han KY, Cortina MS, Yu C, Rosenblatt MI, Chang JH, Azar DT. Transgenic models for investigating the nervous system: Currently available neurofluorescent reporters and potential neuronal markers. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129595. [PMID: 32173376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant DNA technologies have enabled the development of transgenic animal models for use in studying a myriad of diseases and biological states. By placing fluorescent reporters under the direct regulation of the promoter region of specific marker proteins, these models can localize and characterize very specific cell types. One important application of transgenic species is the study of the cytoarchitecture of the nervous system. Neurofluorescent reporters can be used to study the structural patterns of nerves in the central or peripheral nervous system in vivo, as well as phenomena involving embryologic or adult neurogenesis, injury, degeneration, and recovery. Furthermore, crucial molecular factors can also be screened via the transgenic approach, which may eventually play a major role in the development of therapeutic strategies against diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. This review describes currently available reporters and their uses in the literature as well as potential neural markers that can be leveraged to create additional, robust transgenic models for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Samuel M Santosa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Neeraj Chawla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Evguenia Ivakhnitskaia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Matthew Del Pino
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Giakas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Arnold Nadel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sneha Bontu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Arjun Tambe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maria Soledad Cortina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Charles Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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29
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Khalil S, Ariel Gru A, Saavedra AP. Cutaneous extramedullary haematopoiesis: Implications in human disease and treatment. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1201-1209. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Khalil
- Department of Dermatology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Alejandro Ariel Gru
- Department of Pathology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Arturo P. Saavedra
- Department of Dermatology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia
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