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Kang H, Auzenbergs M, Clapham H, Maure C, Kim JH, Salje H, Taylor CG, Lim A, Clark A, Edmunds WJ, Sahastrabuddhe S, Brady OJ, Abbas K. Chikungunya seroprevalence, force of infection, and prevalence of chronic disability after infection in endemic and epidemic settings: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:488-503. [PMID: 38342105 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya is an arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes with a growing global burden linked to climate change and globalisation. We aimed to estimate chikungunya seroprevalence, force of infection (FOI), and prevalence of related chronic disability and hospital admissions in endemic and epidemic settings. METHODS In this systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study, we searched PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science for articles published from database inception until Sept 26, 2022, for prospective and retrospective cross-sectional studies that addressed serological chikungunya virus infection in any geographical region, age group, and population subgroup and for longitudinal prospective and retrospective cohort studies with data on chronic chikungunya or hospital admissions in people with chikungunya. We did a systematic review of studies on chikungunya seroprevalence and fitted catalytic models to each survey to estimate location-specific FOI (ie, the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire chikungunya infection). We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the proportion of symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed chikungunya who had chronic chikungunya or were admitted to hospital following infection. We used a random-effects model to assess the relationship between chronic sequelae and follow-up length using linear regression. The systematic review protocol is registered online on PROSPERO, CRD42022363102. FINDINGS We identified 60 studies with data on seroprevalence and chronic chikungunya symptoms done across 76 locations in 38 countries, and classified 17 (22%) of 76 locations as endemic settings and 59 (78%) as epidemic settings. The global long-term median annual FOI was 0·007 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·003-0·010) and varied from 0·0001 (0·00004-0·0002) to 0·113 (0·07-0·20). The highest estimated median seroprevalence at age 10 years was in south Asia (8·0% [95% UI 6·5-9·6]), followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (7·8% [4·9-14·6]), whereas median seroprevalence was lowest in the Middle East (1·0% [0·5-1·9]). We estimated that 51% (95% CI 45-58) of people with laboratory-confirmed symptomatic chikungunya had chronic disability after infection and 4% (3-5) were admitted to hospital following infection. INTERPRETATION We inferred subnational heterogeneity in long-term average annual FOI and transmission dynamics and identified both endemic and epidemic settings across different countries. Brazil, Ethiopia, Malaysia, and India included both endemic and epidemic settings. Long-term average annual FOI was higher in epidemic settings than endemic settings. However, long-term cumulative incidence of chikungunya can be similar between large outbreaks in epidemic settings with a high FOI and endemic settings with a relatively low FOI. FUNDING International Vaccine Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyolim Kang
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Seoul National University College of Medicine School, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | - Hannah Clapham
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clara Maure
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ahyoung Lim
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew Clark
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - W John Edmunds
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sushant Sahastrabuddhe
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Oliver J Brady
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kaja Abbas
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Barrera R, Ruiz J, Adams LE, Marzan-Rodriguez M, Paz-Bailey G. Historical Hot Spots of Dengue and Zika Viruses to Guide Targeted Vector Control in San Juan, Puerto Rico (2010-2022). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:731-737. [PMID: 38412550 PMCID: PMC10993837 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) continue to cause large outbreaks in tropical countries, while chikungunya and Zika (ZIKV) viruses have added complexity to Aedes-borne disease prevention and control efforts. Because these viruses are transmitted by the same vectors in urban areas, it is useful to understand if sequential outbreaks caused by these viruses have commonalities, such as similar seasonal and spatial patterns, that would help anticipate and perhaps prevent future outbreaks. We explored and analyzed the heterogeneity of confirmed cases of DENV (2010-2014 and 2015-2022) and ZIKV (2016-2017) during outbreaks in the San Juan metropolitan area of Puerto Rico to explore their degree of overlap and prioritize areas for Aedes aegypti control. Deidentified, georeferenced case data were aggregated into grid cells (500 × 500 m) within a geographical information system of the study area and analyzed to calculate the degree of overlap between outbreaks. Spatial autocorrelations using local indicators of spatial associations were conducted to identify significant disease case hot spots and correlations between outbreaks. We found that 75% of cases during the three transmission periods were concentrated in 25% of the total number of grid cells covering the study area. We also found significant clustering of cases during each outbreak, enabling identification of consistent disease hot spots. Our results showed 85% spatial overlap between cases of ZIKV in 2015-2017 and DENV in 2010-2014 and 97% overlap between DENV cases in 2010-2014 and 2015-2022. These results reveal urban areas at greater risk of future arbovirus outbreaks that should be prioritized for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Barrera
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jose Ruiz
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Laura E. Adams
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Phillips MT, Sánchez-González L, Shragai T, Rodriguez DM, Major CG, Johansson MA, Rivera-Amill V, Paz-Bailey G, Adams LE. Quantifying the relationship between arboviral infection prevalence and human mobility patterns among participants of the Communities Organized to Prevent Arboviruses cohort (COPA) in southern Puerto Rico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011840. [PMID: 38100525 PMCID: PMC10756524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human movement is increasingly being recognized as a major driver of arbovirus risk and dissemination. The Communities Organized to Prevent Arboviruses (COPA) study is a cohort in southern Puerto Rico to measure arboviral prevalence, evaluate interventions, and collect mobility data. To quantify the relationship between arboviral prevalence and human mobility patterns, we fit multilevel logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios for mobility-related predictors of positive chikungunya IgG or Zika IgM test results collected from COPA, assuming mobility data does not change substantially from year to year. From May 8, 2018-June 8, 2019, 39% of the 1,845 active participants during the study period had a positive arboviral seroprevalence result. Most (74%) participants reported spending five or more weekly hours outside of their home. A 1% increase in weekly hours spent outside the home was associated with a 4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2-7%) decrease in the odds of testing positive for arbovirus. After adjusting for age and whether a person had air conditioning (AC) at home, any time spent in a work location was protective against arbovirus infection (32% decrease, CI: 9-49%). In fact, there was a general decreased prevalence for individuals who visited locations that were inside and had AC or screens, regardless of the type of location (32% decrease, CI: 12-47%). In this population, the protective characteristics of locations visited appear to be the most important driver of the relationship between mobility and arboviral prevalence. This relationship indicates that not all mobility is the same, with elements like screens and AC providing protection in some locations. These findings highlight the general importance of AC and screens, which are known to be protective against mosquitoes and mosquito-transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maile T. Phillips
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Liliana Sánchez-González
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Talya Shragai
- Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dania M. Rodriguez
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Chelsea G. Major
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael A. Johansson
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Laura E. Adams
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Barrera R, Acevedo V, Amador M, Marzan M, Adams LE, Paz-Bailey G. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects on local weather, arboviral diseases, and dynamics of managed and unmanaged populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Puerto Rico. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:796-807. [PMID: 37156093 PMCID: PMC10982904 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of interannual El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on local weather, Aedes aegypti populations, and combined cases of dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses in 2 communities with mass mosquito trapping and 2 communities without mosquito control in southern Puerto Rico (2013-2019). Gravid adult Ae. aegypti populations were monitored weekly using Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps (AGO traps). Managing Ae. aegypti populations was done using 3 AGO traps per home in most homes. There were drought conditions in 2014-2015 concurrent with the emergence of a strong El Niño (2014-2016), wetter conditions during La Niña (2016-2018), a major hurricane (2017), and a weaker El Niño (2018-2019). The main factor explaining differences in Ae. aegypti abundance across sites was mass trapping. Populations of Ae. aegypti reached maximum seasonal values during the wetter and warmer months of the year when arbovirus epidemics occurred. El Niño was significantly associated with severe droughts that did not impact the populations of Ae. aegypti. Arbovirus cases at the municipality level were positively correlated with lagged values (5-12 mo.) of the Oceanic El Niño Index (ONI), droughts, and abundance of Ae. aegypti. The onset of strong El Niño conditions in Puerto Rico may be useful as an early warning signal for arboviral epidemics in areas where the abundance of Ae. aegypti exceeds the mosquito density threshold value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Barrera
- Dengue Branch, DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00920
| | - Veronica Acevedo
- Dengue Branch, DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00920
| | - Manuel Amador
- Dengue Branch, DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00920
| | - Melissa Marzan
- Department of Health of Puerto Rico, 1111 Av. Tte. César Luis González, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00927
| | - Laura E. Adams
- Dengue Branch, DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00920
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Dengue Branch, DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00920
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Skalinski LM, Santos AES, Paixão E, Itaparica M, Barreto F, da Conceição Nascimento Costa M, Teixeira MG. Chikungunya seroprevalence in population-based studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:80. [PMID: 37127721 PMCID: PMC10150504 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seroprevalence studies about chikungunya infection are usually conducted after epidemics to estimate the magnitude of the attack. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of CHIKV by WHO region, considering the periods of introduction of the virus in these regions and its potential to lead to epidemics. METHODS We systematically reviewed Medline/Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus and Web of Science for original articles published up to 2020. Cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion, based on the results of laboratory diagnosis of previous or previous and recent infection. Those conducted with symptomatic individuals were excluded. RESULTS 596 articles were identified, 197 full-text were reviewed and 64 were included, resulting in 71 seroprevalences. Most were cross-sectional studies (92%), between 2001 and 2020 (92%), with population of all ages (55%), conducted in Kenya (10.9%), Brazil (9.4%) and French Polynesia (7.8%). The pooled estimates were 24% (95%CI 19-29; I2 = 99.7%; p < 0.00), being 21% (95%CI 13-30; I2 = 99.5%; p < 0.00) for adults, 7% (95%CI 0-23; I2 = 99.7%; p < 0.00) for children and 30% (95%CI 23-38; I2 = 99.7%; p < 0.00) for all ages. The higher seroprevalences were found in African, the Americas and South-East Asian Regions. CONCLUSIONS The great heterogeneity of seroprevalences points to the persistence of viral circulation. Even where the seroprevalence is high, the population replacement and the absence of vaccines mean that the risk of virus spread and epidemics remains. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020166227.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacita Menezes Skalinski
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, s/n, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, CEP 45662-900, BA, Brasil.
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva/ Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, CEP 40110-040, BA, Brazil.
| | - Aline Elena Sacramento Santos
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva/ Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, CEP 40110-040, BA, Brazil
| | - Enny Paixão
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Martha Itaparica
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva/ Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, CEP 40110-040, BA, Brazil
| | - Florisneide Barreto
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva/ Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, CEP 40110-040, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Glória Teixeira
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva/ Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, CEP 40110-040, BA, Brazil
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Pérez-Guerra CL, Rosado-Santiago C, Ramos SA, Marrero KM, González-Zeno G, Miranda-Bermúdez J, Ortíz-Ortíz M, Rivera-Amill V, Waterman S, Paz-Bailey G, Sánchez-González L. Community perceptions on challenges and solutions to implement an Aedes aegypti control project in Ponce, Puerto Rico (USA). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284430. [PMID: 37068074 PMCID: PMC10109480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes community perceptions on a large-scale project seeking to reduce the population of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and prevent arboviral disease transmission in Ponce, Puerto Rico; and to leverage on these perceptions to make modifications to ensure effective project implementation. In 2017-2018 the team conducted informal interviews, focus groups, and in-depth interviews with leaders and residents of the communities, focusing on challenges and potential solutions to the project implementation. Possible challenges to the project implementation included the lack of geographic consistency between clusters defined by researchers and the participants' description of the communities' geographic boundaries. Few children living in the communities could affect the ability of the project to adequately measure arboviral disease incidence. Also, population attrition due to out-migration, and lack of community leaders and communication channels after Hurricane Maria could affect participation in project activities. Lack of trust on strangers was an important challenge due to criminal activity involving violence and drug use in some community areas. Solutions to the identified challenges included identifying emerging leaders and implementing community meetings to promote project activities. The information that community members provided helped us to understand the natural disasters' impact on population attrition in these communities with a disproportionate impact in younger groups, resulting in an aging population. We identified lack of community organization and leadership and increasing number of abandoned houses that could turn into Aedes aegypti breeding sites. The formative work helped to better define the geographic areas that the study would cover, evaluate the acceptability of innovative vector control methods, and identify communication methods used by residents. With this information, challenges and potential solutions in recruiting participants were anticipated, and the community engagement and communications plans were developed. We recommend selecting clusters before research, because opinions towards mosquito control technologies could vary in added clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L. Pérez-Guerra
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Coral Rosado-Santiago
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Sue A. Ramos
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Karla M. Marrero
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Gladys González-Zeno
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Julieanne Miranda-Bermúdez
- Puerto Rico Science, Technology and Research Trust, Puerto Rico Vector Control Unit, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Marianyoly Ortíz-Ortíz
- Puerto Rico Science, Technology and Research Trust, Puerto Rico Vector Control Unit, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Rivera-Amill
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Stephen Waterman
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Liliana Sánchez-González
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
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Jaffal A, Fite J, Baldet T, Delaunay P, Jourdain F, Mora-Castillo R, Olive MM, Roiz D. Current evidences of the efficacy of mosquito mass-trapping interventions to reduce Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and Aedes-borne virus transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011153. [PMID: 36877728 PMCID: PMC10032496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decades, several viral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes-dengue, chikungunya, Zika-have spread outside of tropical areas. To limit the transmission of these viruses and preserve human health, the use of mosquito traps has been developed as a complement or alternative to other vector control techniques. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the existing scientific literature to assess the efficacy of interventions based on adult mosquito trap to control Aedes population densities and the diseases they transmit worldwide. METHODS AND FINDINGS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Among the 19 selected papers, lethal ovitraps were used in 16 studies, host-seeking female traps in 3 studies. Furthermore, 16 studies focused on the control of Ae. aegypti. Our review showed great heterogeneity in the indicators used to assess trap efficacy: e.g., the number of host-seeking females, the number of gravid females, the proportion of positive containers, the viral infection rate in female mosquitoes or serological studies in residents. Regardless of the type of studied traps, the results of various studies support the efficacy of mass trapping in combination with classical integrated vector control in reducing Aedes density. More studies with standardized methodology, and indicators are urgently needed to provide more accurate estimates of their efficacy. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights gaps in the demonstration of the efficacy of mass trapping of mosquitoes in reducing viral transmission and disease. Thus, further large-scale cluster randomized controlled trials conducted in endemic areas and including epidemiological outcomes are needed to establish scientific evidence for the reduction of viral transmission risk by mass trapping targeting gravid and/or host-seeking female mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jaffal
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Johanna Fite
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- ASTRE (Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques, Ecosystèmes), CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Delaunay
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital L'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, UCA, Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Jourdain
- Santé publique France (French National Public Health Agency), Montpellier, France
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marie-Marie Olive
- ASTRE (Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques, Ecosystèmes), CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Roiz
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Liu QM, Gong ZY, Wang Z. A Review of the Surveillance Techniques for Aedes albopictus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:245-251. [PMID: 36315996 PMCID: PMC9896331 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) transmits a variety of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) and acts as one of the most dangerous mosquito species in the world. Mosquito surveillance is the main means of evaluating vector density, vector-borne disease risk, and the efficacy of vector-control operations. The larval density of Ae. albopictus can be reflected by means of Breteau index and Route index, and egg density can be monitored by ovitrap and mosq-ovitrap, whereas mosquito surveillance methods mainly include human landing catch, human-baited double net trap, BG-Sentinel trap, autocidal gravid ovitrap, gravid Aedes trap, and mosquito magnet. This article describes different methods of Ae. albopictus surveillance and offers suggestions to improve surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen-Yu Gong
- Address correspondence to Zhen-Yu Gong or Zhen Wang, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China. E-mails: or
| | - Zhen Wang
- Address correspondence to Zhen-Yu Gong or Zhen Wang, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China. E-mails: or
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Mulderij-Jansen V, Pundir P, Grillet ME, Lakiang T, Gerstenbluth I, Duits A, Tami A, Bailey A. Effectiveness of Aedes-borne infectious disease control in Latin America and the Caribbean region: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277038. [PMID: 36322603 PMCID: PMC9629598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are primary vectors of emerging or re-emerging arboviruses that threaten public health worldwide. Many efforts have been made to develop interventions to control these Aedes species populations. Still, countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region struggle to create/design/develop sustainable and effective control strategies. This scoping review synthesises evidence concerning the effectiveness of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus prevention and control interventions performed in LAC (2000–2021). The findings can be used to evaluate, compare and develop more effective control strategies. Methodology The review is based on the methodology by Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting a scoping review. The MEDLINE (via PubMed and Web of Science), Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE and ScienceDirect databases were used to search for articles. Grey literature was searched from governmental and non-governmental organisation websites. Four reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts and full-text of the articles using the Rayyan web application, based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Results A total of 122 publications were included in the review. Most studies focused on dengue virus infection and data on Ae. aegypti. Entomological data were mainly used to determine the intervention’s effectiveness. An integrated control intervention was the most commonly employed strategy in both regions. Biological control measures, environmental management, and health education campaigns on community participation achieved more sustainable results than an intervention where only a chemical control measure was used. Challenges to implementing interventions were insufficient financial support, resources, workforce, intersectoral collaboration and legislation. Conclusions Based on the synthesised data, an integrated vector (Aedes) management focused on community participation seems to be the most effective approach to mitigate Aedes-borne infectious diseases. Maintaining the approach’s effect remains challenging as it requires multisectoral and multi-disciplinary team engagement and active community participation. Future research needs to address the barriers to program implementation and maintenance as data on this topic is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaitiare Mulderij-Jansen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, International Development Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Willemstad, Curaçao
- * E-mail:
| | - Prachi Pundir
- George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
| | - Maria E. Grillet
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Izzy Gerstenbluth
- Department of Epidemiology, Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Epidemiology and Research Unit, Ministry of Health Environment and Nature of Curaçao, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Ashley Duits
- Red Cross Blood Bank Foundation, Willemstad, Curaҫao
- Department of Immunology, Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Institute for Medical Education, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Tami
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay Bailey
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, International Development Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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Barrera R. New tools for Aedes control: mass trapping. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100942. [PMID: 35667560 PMCID: PMC9413017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses uses artificial containers around homes to undergo immature development, making household-level detection and control extremely difficult in large urban areas. Mass trapping is an emerging methodology to control container-Aedes species such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus because effective traps for adult stages of these mosquitoes were developed recently. There are three main approaches to mass-trapping these mosquitoes: 1) Pull (attract/kill), 2) push (repel)-pull (attract/kill), and 3) pull (attract/contaminate/infect)-push (fly away). Effective mass-trapping depends on trap quality (capture efficiency, sturdiness, frequency of servicing), trap density and areal coverage, community involvement, and safety. Recent studies showed that Ae. aegypti populations can be sustainably controlled by mass trapping, although more area-wide studies showing effectiveness at preventing disease are needed for all trapping systems. Cost-effectiveness studies are needed for all emerging Aedes control approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Barrera
- Entomology and Ecology Team, Dengue Branch, DBVD, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan 00920, Puerto Rico.
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11
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Figurskey AC, Hollingsworth B, Doyle MS, Reiskind MH. Effectiveness of autocidal gravid trapping and chemical control in altering abundance and age structure of Aedes albopictus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2931-2939. [PMID: 35417621 PMCID: PMC9321977 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is a nuisance pest mosquito of public health importance commonly managed with adulticides and larvicides. We investigated whether adding Gravid Aedes Traps (GATs), Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps (AGOs) or In2Care traps would extend the effectiveness of chemical control methods in Wake County, North Carolina, USA, by combining barrier sprays and larval habitat management (LHM) with each trap type at suburban households. We compared these three treatment groups to untreated controls and to backyards treated only with barrier sprays and LHM. Once a week, for ten weeks, we collected adult mosquitoes at each house using lure-baited surveillance traps and dissected a portion of Ae. albopictus females to determine parity. RESULTS Barrier sprays and LHM alone or combined with any supplemental autocidal ovitrap significantly reduced female Ae. albopictus through Week 3 post-treatment. GATs significantly extended chemical control effectiveness for the duration of the study. Compared to the untreated control, the AGO and GAT treatment groups had significant overall female Ae. albopictus reductions of 74% and 80.4%, respectively, with populations aging significantly slower at houses treated with AGOs. CONCLUSION This household-level study, though limited in size, observed significant reductions in nuisance Ae. albopictus when combining AGOs and GATs with chemical controls for an eight-week period. Delayed population aging in AGO-treated yards suggests that traps also could mitigate disease transmission risk. Future studies should test these control methods at the neighborhood level to evaluate large-scale effectiveness as well as assess the effect of autocidal ovitraps without chemical intervention. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael S. Doyle
- Division of Public HealthNorth Carolina Department of Health and Human ServicesRaleighNCUSA
| | - Michael H. Reiskind
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
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12
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Mulatier M, Boullis A, Vega-Rúa A. Semiochemical oviposition cues to control Aedes aegypti gravid females: state of the art and proposed framework for their validation. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:228. [PMID: 35752845 PMCID: PMC9233825 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fight against mosquito-borne diseases, odour-based lures targeting gravid females represent a promising alternative to conventional tools for both reducing mosquito populations and monitoring pathogen transmission. To be sustainable and effective, they are expected to use semiochemicals that act specifically against the targeted vector species. In control programmes directed against Aedes aegypti, several candidates of different origins (conspecifics, plants) have already been identified as potential oviposition attractants or repellents in laboratory experiments. However, few of these candidates have received validation in field experiments, studies depicting the active molecules and their mode of perception are still scarce, and there are several methodological challenges (i.e. lack of standardization, differences in oviposition index interpretation and use) that should be addressed to ensure a better reproducibility and accelerate the validation of candidates. In this review, we address the state of the art of the compounds identified as potential candidates for trap development against Ae. aegypti and their level of validation. We also offer a critical methodological analysis, highlight remaining gaps and research priorities, and propose a workflow to validate these candidates and to increase the panel of odours available to specifically trap Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Mulatier
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Institute Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Lieu-dit Morne Jolivière, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Antoine Boullis
- TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Institute Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Lieu-dit Morne Jolivière, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
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13
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Adams LE, Sánchez-González L, Rodriguez DM, Ryff K, Major C, Lorenzi O, Delorey M, Medina FA, Muñoz-Jordán JL, Brown G, Ortiz M, Waterman SH, Rivera-Amill V, Paz-Bailey G. Risk factors for infection with chikungunya and Zika viruses in southern Puerto Rico: A community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010416. [PMID: 35696355 PMCID: PMC9191703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) caused a large outbreak in Puerto Rico in 2014, followed by a Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2016. Communities Organized for the Prevention of Arboviruses (COPA) is a cohort study in southern Puerto Rico, initiated in 2018 to measure arboviral disease risk and provide a platform to evaluate interventions. To identify risk factors for infection, we assessed prevalence of previous CHIKV infection and recent ZIKV and DENV infection in a cross-sectional study among COPA participants. Participants aged 1-50 years (y) were recruited from randomly selected households in study clusters. Each participant completed an interview and provided a blood specimen, which was tested by anti-CHIKV IgG ELISA assay and anti-ZIKV and anti-DENV IgM MAC-ELISA assays. We assessed individual, household, and community factors associated with a positive result for CHIKV or ZIKV after adjusting for confounders. During 2018-2019, 4,090 participants were enrolled; 61% were female and median age was 28y (interquartile range [IQR]: 16-41). Among 4,035 participants tested for CHIKV, 1,268 (31.4%) had evidence of previous infection. CHIKV infection prevalence was lower among children 1-10 years old compared to people 11 and older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.30; 95% CI 1.71-3.08). Lower CHIKV infection prevalence was associated with home screens (aOR 0.51; 95% CI 0.42-0.61) and air conditioning (aOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.54-0.77). CHIKV infection prevalence also varied by study cluster of residence and insurance type. Few participants (16; 0.4%) had evidence of recent DENV infection by IgM. Among 4,035 participants tested for ZIKV, 651 (16%) had evidence of recent infection. Infection prevalence increased with older age, from 7% among 1-10y olds up to 19% among 41-50y olds (aOR 3.23; 95% CI 2.16-4.84). Males had an increased risk of Zika infection prevalence compared with females (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.09-1.57). ZIKV infection prevalence also decreased with the presence of home screens (aOR 0.66; 95% CI 0.54-0.82) and air conditioning (aOR 0.69; 95% CI 0.57-0.84). Similar infection patterns were observed for recent ZIKV infection prevalence and previous CHIKV infection prevalence by age, and the presence of screens and air conditioners in the home decreased infection risk from both viruses by as much as 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Adams
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- * E-mail:
| | - Liliana Sánchez-González
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Dania M. Rodriguez
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kyle Ryff
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Chelsea Major
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Olga Lorenzi
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mark Delorey
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Freddy A. Medina
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jorge L. Muñoz-Jordán
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Grayson Brown
- Puerto Rico Vector Control Unit, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Stephen H. Waterman
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Hemme RR, Smith EA, Felix G, White BJ, Diaz-Garcia MI, Rodriguez D, Ruiz-Valcarcel J, Acevedo V, Amador M, Barrera R. Multi-Year Mass-Trapping With Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps has Limited Influence on Insecticide Susceptibility in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Puerto Rico. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:314-319. [PMID: 34536077 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mass-trapping has been used to control outbreaks of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Puerto Rico since 2011. We investigated the effect of multi-year, insecticide-free mass trapping had on the insecticide susceptibility profile of Ae. aegypti. Eggs collected in southern Puerto Rico were used to generate F1 populations that were tested for susceptibility to permethrin, sumethrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin, and malathion according to CDC bottle bioassays protocols. All populations of Ae. aegypti were resistant to the synthetic pyrethroids and mosquitoes from two locations were partially resistant to malathion. Population genetic analysis, using a double digest restriction sites associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) approach, indicated a large amount of migration between study sites effectively homogenizing the mosquito populations. Mass-trapping using noninsecticidal autocidal gravid ovitraps did not restore susceptibility to five active ingredients that are found in commercial insecticides. Migration between communities was high and would have brought outside alleles, including resistant alleles to the treatment communities. Further investigation suggests that household use of commercially available insecticide products may continue to select for resistance in absence of public health space spraying of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Hemme
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eric A Smith
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Diversigen, New Brighton, MN, USA
| | - Gilberto Felix
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Bradley J White
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marta I Diaz-Garcia
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Damaris Rodriguez
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jose Ruiz-Valcarcel
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Veronica Acevedo
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Manuel Amador
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Roberto Barrera
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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15
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Juarez JG, Chaves LF, Garcia‐Luna SM, Martin E, Badillo‐Vargas I, Medeiros MCI, Hamer GL. Variable coverage in an Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap intervention impacts efficacy of Aedes aegypti control. J Appl Ecol 2021; 58:2075-2086. [PMID: 34690360 PMCID: PMC8518497 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Control of the arboviral disease vector Aedes aegypti has shown variable levels of efficacy around the globe. We evaluated an Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) intervention as a stand-alone control tool for population suppression of A. aegypti in US communities bordering Mexico.We conducted a cluster randomized crossover trial with weekly mosquito surveillance of sentinel households from July 2017 to December 2018. The intervention took place from August to December of both years. Multilevel models (generalized linear and additive mixed models) were used to analyse the changes in population abundance of female A. aegypti.We observed that female populations were being suppressed 77% (2018) and four times lower outdoor female abundance when AGO coverage (number of intervention AGO traps that surrounded a sentinel home) was high (2.7 AGOs/house). However, we also observed that areas with low intervention AGO coverage resulted in no difference (2017) or slightly higher abundance compared to the control. These results suggest that coverage rate might play a critical role on how populations of female A. aegypti are being modulated in the field. The lack of larval source habitat reduction and the short duration of the intervention period might have limited the A. aegypti population suppression observed in this study. Synthesis and applications. The mosquito, A. aegypti, is a public health concern in most tropical and subtropical regions. With the rise of insecticide resistance, the evaluation of non-chemical tools has become pivotal in the fight against arboviral disease transmission. Our study shows that the AGO intervention, as a stand-alone control tool, is limited by its coverage in human settlements. Vector control programmes should consider, that if the target coverage rate is not achieved, measures will be ineffective unless coupled with other control approaches. Although our multilevel modelling was focused on A. aegypti and the AGO, the approach can be applied to other mosquito vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G. Juarez
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Luis F. Chaves
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA)CartagoCosta Rica
| | | | - Estelle Martin
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | | | | | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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16
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Oliva CF, Benedict MQ, Collins CM, Baldet T, Bellini R, Bossin H, Bouyer J, Corbel V, Facchinelli L, Fouque F, Geier M, Michaelakis A, Roiz D, Simard F, Tur C, Gouagna LC. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against Aedes Species Mosquitoes: A Roadmap and Good Practice Framework for Designing, Implementing and Evaluating Pilot Field Trials. INSECTS 2021; 12:191. [PMID: 33668374 PMCID: PMC7996155 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are invasive mosquito species that impose a substantial risk to human health. To control the abundance and spread of these arboviral pathogen vectors, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is emerging as a powerful complement to most commonly-used approaches, in part, because this technique is ecologically benign, specific, and non-persistent in the environment if releases are stopped. Because SIT and other similar vector control strategies are becoming of increasing interest to many countries, we offer here a pragmatic and accessible 'roadmap' for the pre-pilot and pilot phases to guide any interested party. This will support stakeholders, non-specialist scientists, implementers, and decision-makers. Applying these concepts will ensure, given adequate resources, a sound basis for local field trialing and for developing experience with the technique in readiness for potential operational deployment. This synthesis is based on the available literature, in addition to the experience and current knowledge of the expert contributing authors in this field. We describe a typical path to successful pilot testing, with the four concurrent development streams of Laboratory, Field, Stakeholder Relations, and the Business and Compliance Case. We provide a graphic framework with criteria that must be met in order to proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clélia F. Oliva
- Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes (CTIFL), Centre Opérationnel de Balandran, 751 Chemin de Balandran, 30127 Bellegarde, France;
- Collectif TIS (Technique de l’Insecte Stérile), 751 Chemin de Balandran, 30127 Bellegarde, France
| | | | - C Matilda Collins
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW7 1NE, UK;
| | - Thierry Baldet
- ASTRE (Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques, Ecosystèmes), Cirad, Univ Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France; (T.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “Giorgio Nicoli”, S.r.l. Via Sant’Agata, 835, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy;
| | - Hervé Bossin
- Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, 98713 Tahiti, French Polynesia;
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- ASTRE (Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques, Ecosystèmes), Cirad, Univ Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France; (T.B.); (J.B.)
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA Vienna, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent Corbel
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (V.C.); (D.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Luca Facchinelli
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;
| | - Florence Fouque
- TDR (Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases), WHO, 20 Avenue Appia, 1121 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Martin Geier
- Biogents AG, Weissenburgstr. 22, 93055 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute. 8, S. Delta str., Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - David Roiz
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (V.C.); (D.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Frédéric Simard
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (V.C.); (D.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Carlos Tur
- Grupo Tragsa–KM. 4,5 Bajo, A28476208-EMPRE, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Louis-Clément Gouagna
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (V.C.); (D.R.); (F.S.)
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17
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Ong J, Chong CS, Yap G, Lee C, Abdul Razak MA, Chiang S, Ng LC. Gravitrap deployment for adult Aedes aegypti surveillance and its impact on dengue cases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008528. [PMID: 32764763 PMCID: PMC7439811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
House Index, Container Index, and Breteau Index are the most commonly used indices for dengue vector surveillance. However, these larval indices are a poor proxy for measuring the adult population—which is responsible for disease transmission. Information on the adult distribution and density are important for assessing transmission risk as well as for developing effective control strategies. This study introduces a new entomological index, Gravitrap aegypti index (GAI), which estimates the adult female Aedes aegypti population in the community and presents its association with dengue cases. Gravitraps were deployed across 34 treatment sites in Singapore from September 2013 to September 2016. The GAI, derived from the Gravitrap surveillance data, was analysed to investigate the spatio-temporal patterns of the Ae. aegypti population in Singapore. The index was further categorised into low, moderate, and high-risk groups and its association with dengue cases were examined. A Before-After Control Impact analysis was performed to evaluate the epidemiology impact of Gravitrap system on dengue transmission. The Ae. aegypti population exhibits a seasonal pattern, and spatial heterogeneity in Ae. aegypti abundance was observed among treatment sites. The Ae. aegypti population was also found to be unevenly distributed among floors of an apartment block, with low floors (floors 1–4) having a higher abundance of mosquitoes trapped than mid (floors 5–8) and high (floors ≥9) floors. Areas with high GAI were shown to have higher dengue case count. Gravitrap has also demonstrated to be a good dengue control tool. The contribution of cases by treatment sites to the national numbers was lower after Gravitraps deployment. The GAI, which is of better relevance to dengue transmission risk, could be recommended as an indicator for decision making in vector control efforts, and to monitor the spatio-temporal variability of the adult Aedes population in the country. In addition, findings from this study indicate that Gravitraps can be used as a dengue control tool to reduce dengue transmission. In the absence of an effective vaccine: vector surveillance and control remain the key strategy for dengue prevention and control. The collection of the adult female Aedes mosquito is thus important to understand disease transmission dynamics. Information on its distribution and density are also essential for assessing transmission risk as well as for devising an effective control strategy. Here, we described a new approach to dengue vector surveillance based on adult female Aedes trapping using Gravitraps. Using the Gravitrap surveillance data, we derived a new entomological index, Gravitrap aegypti index (GAI), which estimates the adult female Ae. aegypti population in the community and presents its association with dengue cases. When analysed, the index can provide useful information on the spatio-temporal distribution of the Ae. aegypti population in the country and hence, assist planning of vector control. The GAI, which is of better relevance to dengue transmission risk, could be used as an indicator for decision making in vector control efforts, and to monitor the spatio-temporal variability of the adult Aedes population. In addition, findings from this study indicate that Gravitraps can be used as a dengue control tool to reduce dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Ong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Chee-Seng Chong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Grace Yap
- Environmental Public Health Operations, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Caleb Lee
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | | | - Suzanna Chiang
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Lee-Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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18
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Rodrigues-Alves ML, Melo-Júnior OADO, Silveira P, Mariano RMDS, Leite JC, Santos TAP, Soares IS, Lair DF, Melo MM, Resende LA, da Silveira-Lemos D, Dutra WO, Gontijo NDF, Araujo RN, Sant'Anna MRV, Andrade LAF, da Fonseca FG, Moreira LA, Giunchetti RC. Historical Perspective and Biotechnological Trends to Block Arboviruses Transmission by Controlling Aedes aegypti Mosquitos Using Different Approaches. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:275. [PMID: 32656216 PMCID: PMC7325419 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous climate changes associated with the disorderly occupation of urban areas have exposed Latin American populations to the emergence and reemergence of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti. The magnitude of the financial and political problems these epidemics may bring to the future of developing countries is still ignored. Due to the lack of effective antiviral drugs and vaccines against arboviruses, the primary measure for preventing or reducing the transmission of diseases depends entirely on the control of vectors or the interruption of human-vector contact. In Brazil the first attempt to control A. aegypti took place in 1902 by eliminating artificial sites of eproduction. Other strategies, such as the use of oviposition traps and chemical control with dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane and pyrethroids, were successful, but only for a limited time. More recently, biotechnical approaches, such as the release of transgenics or sterile mosquitoes and the, development of transmission blocking vaccines, are being applied to try to control the A. aegypti population and/or arbovirus transmission. Endemic countries spend about twice as much to treat patients as they do on the prevention of mosquito-transmitted diseases. The result of this strategy is an explosive outbreak of arboviruses cases. This review summarizes the social impacts caused by A. aegypti-transmitted diseases, mainly from a biotechnological perspective in vector control aimed at protecting Latin American populations against arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Luiza Rodrigues-Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Otoni Alves de Oliveira Melo-Júnior
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silveira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Reysla Maria da Silveira Mariano
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Costa Leite
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaiza Aline Pereira Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Santos Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ferreira Lair
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marília Martins Melo
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Aparecida Resende
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Denise da Silveira-Lemos
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade José Do Rosário Vellano, UNIFENAS, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nelder de Figueiredo Gontijo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nascimento Araujo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Roberto Viana Sant'Anna
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luis Adan Flores Andrade
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciano Andrade Moreira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Evaluation of the usefulness of Aedes aegypti rapid larval surveys to anticipate seasonal dengue transmission between 2012-2015 in Fortaleza, Brazil. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105391. [PMID: 32057775 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid larval surveys have been mandated in nearly every urban Brazilian municipality and promoted by the Pan American Health Organization. These surveys purport to classify arbovirus transmission risk as a basis to triage local surveillance and vector control operations, yet no previous analyses have determined relative risk associated with marginal changes in infestation at administrative and temporal scales relevant to vector control. We estimated associations between entomological indices from six larval surveys and daily incidence rates of confirmed dengue cases in Fortaleza, Brazil using models adjusted for rainfall, and indicators of spatial association. Poor correspondence between infestation and incidence indicates that these surveys may systematically mislead vector control activities and treatment strategies in Fortaleza and in similar cities throughout Latin America. The co-circulation of multiple arboviruses enhances the importance of determining the true informational value of these surveys, and of identifying complementary tools to discern local and inter-annual transmission risk.
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