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Castro-Scholten S, Caballero-Gómez J, Bost C, Cano-Terriza D, Jiménez-Martín D, Groschup MH, Frías M, Camacho-Sillero L, Fischer K, García-Bocanegra I. Absence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild lagomorphs and their ticks in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems. Vet Microbiol 2024; 298:110217. [PMID: 39180796 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in different European countries. Since 2013, clinical and fatality cases associated with CCHFV infection have been reported in humans in Spain. During the last few years, endemic circulation of this virus has been detected in ticks and wild ungulates in this country, but the role of other sympatric wild species in the sylvatic cycle of this multi-host virus remains poorly understood. The aims of the present study were to assess exposure to CCHFV in wild lagomorphs in southern Spain, a CCHFV endemic area, and to determine the presence of the virus in ticks feeding on these species. Serum samples from 473 European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and 162 Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis), and 120 ticks feeding on 85 of these wild lagomorphs were collected on 133 hunting grounds between 2018/2019 and 2021/2022 hunting seasons. The presence of antibodies against CCHFV was assessed in all serum samples using a commercial ELISA, whereas ticks were tested for the presence of CCHFV-RNA by a multiplex RT-qPCR that detects all known genotypes of this virus. None of the 635 (0.0 %; 95 %CI: 0.0-0.6) lagomorphs tested had anti-CCHFV antibodies and CCHFV-RNA was not found in any of the 120 (0.0 %; 95 %CI: 0.0-3.0) ticks analyzed. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first epidemiological study conducted on CCHFV in Iberian hare worldwide. Our findings indicate absence of exposure to CCHFV in European wild rabbit and Iberian hare populations, as well as in their ticks, which suggests that they do not seem to play a relevant role in the epidemiology of CCHFV in Mediterranean ecosystems of southern Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Castro-Scholten
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14014, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14014, Spain; Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Caroline Bost
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14014, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14014, Spain
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mario Frías
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14014, Spain; Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Leonor Camacho-Sillero
- Programa de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Fauna Silvestre en Andalucía (PVE), Consejería de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y Economía Azul, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga 29002, Spain
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14014, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Frías M, Fischer K, Castro-Scholten S, Bost C, Cano-Terriza D, Risalde MÁ, Acevedo P, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Sadeghi B, Groschup MH, Caballero-Gómez J, García-Bocanegra I. Epidemiologic Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Suids, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:984-990. [PMID: 38666621 PMCID: PMC11060457 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.240074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study in wild boar and extensively managed Iberian pig populations in a hotspot area of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Spain. We tested for antibodies against CCHFV by using 2 ELISAs in parallel. We assessed the presence of CCHFV RNA by means of reverse transcription quantitative PCR protocol, which detects all genotypes. A total of 113 (21.8%) of 518 suids sampled showed antibodies against CCHFV by ELISA. By species, 106 (39.7%) of 267 wild boars and 7 (2.8%) of 251 Iberian pigs analyzed were seropositive. Of the 231 Iberian pigs and 231 wild boars analyzed, none tested positive for CCHFV RNA. These findings indicate high CCHFV exposure in wild boar populations in endemic areas and confirm the susceptibility of extensively reared pigs to CCHFV, even though they may only play a limited role in the enzootic cycle.
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3
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Welch SR, Garrison AR, Bente DA, Burt F, D'Addiego J, Devignot S, Dowall S, Fischer K, Hawman DW, Hewson R, Mirazimi A, Oestereich L, Vatansever Z, Spengler JR, Papa A. Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19-21, 2023. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105844. [PMID: 38428749 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) was held in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19-21, 2023, bringing together a diverse group of international partners, including public health professionals, clinicians, ecologists, epidemiologists, immunologists, and virologists. The conference was attended by 118 participants representing 24 countries and the World Health Organization (WHO). Meeting sessions covered the epidemiology of CCHF in humans; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in ticks; wild and domestic animal hosts; molecular virology; pathogenesis and animal models; immune response related to therapeutics; and CCHF prevention in humans. The concluding session focused on recent WHO recommendations regarding disease prevention, control strategies, and innovations against CCHFV outbreaks. This meeting report summarizes lectures by the invited speakers and highlights advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Aura R Garrison
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jake D'Addiego
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Stephanie Devignot
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart Dowall
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Roger Hewson
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Oestereich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infectious Research, Partner Sites Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zati Vatansever
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology, Kars, Turkey
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bernard C, Joly Kukla C, Rakotoarivony I, Duhayon M, Stachurski F, Huber K, Giupponi C, Zortman I, Holzmuller P, Pollet T, Jeanneau M, Mercey A, Vachiery N, Lefrançois T, Garros C, Michaud V, Comtet L, Despois L, Pourquier P, Picard C, Journeaux A, Thomas D, Godard S, Moissonnier E, Mely S, Sega M, Pannetier D, Baize S, Vial L. Detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Hyalomma marginatum ticks, southern France, May 2022 and April 2023. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2400023. [PMID: 38333936 PMCID: PMC10853980 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.6.2400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a potentially severe zoonotic viral disease causing fever and haemorrhagic manifestations in humans. As the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) has been detected in ticks in Spain and antibodies against the virus in ruminant sera in Corsica, it was necessary to know more about the situation in France. In 2022-2023, CCHFV was detected in 155 ticks collected from horses and cattle in southern France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Bernard
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Joly Kukla
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Duhayon
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Stachurski
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Huber
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Carla Giupponi
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Iyonna Zortman
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Holzmuller
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Pollet
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Mélanie Jeanneau
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Mercey
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Vachiery
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claire Garros
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Picard
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Journeaux
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Thomas
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Godard
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Moissonnier
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Mely
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Manon Sega
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Pannetier
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Baize
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Vial
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
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D'Addiego J, Wand N, Afrough B, Fletcher T, Kurosaki Y, Leblebicioglu H, Hewson R. Recovery of complete genome sequences of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) directly from clinical samples: A comparative study between targeted enrichment and metagenomic approaches. J Virol Methods 2024; 323:114833. [PMID: 37879367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most prevalent human tick-borne viral disease, endemic to the Balkans, Africa, Middle East and Asia. There are currently no licensed vaccines or effective antivirals against CCHF. CCHF virus (CCHFV) has a negative sense segmented tripartite RNA genome consisting of the small (S), medium (M) and large (L) segments. Depending on the segment utilised for genetic affiliation, there are up to 7 circulating lineages of CCHFV. The current lack of geographical representation of CCHFV sequences in various repositories highlights a requirement for increased CCHFV sequencing capabilities in endemic regions. We have optimised and established a multiplex PCR tiling methodology for the targeted enrichment of complete genomes of Europe 1 CCHFV lineage directly from clinical samples and compared its performance to a non-targeted enrichment approach on both short-read and long-read sequencing platforms. We have found a statistically significant increase in mapped viral sequencing reads produced with our targeted enrichment approach. This has allowed us to recover near complete S segment sequences and above 90% of the M and L segment sequences for samples with Ct values as high as 31.3. This study demonstrates the superiority of a targeted enrichment approach for recovery of CCHFV genomic sequences from samples with low virus titre. CCHFV is an important vector-borne human pathogen with wide geographical distribution. The validated methodology reported here adds value to front-line public health laboratories employing genomic sequencing for CCHFV Europe 1 lineage surveillance, particularly in the Balkan and Middle Eastern territories currently monitoring the spread of the pathogen. Tracking the genomic evolution of the virus across regions improves risk assessment and directly informs the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake D'Addiego
- UK Health Security Agency, Science Group, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nadina Wand
- UK Health Security Agency, Science Group, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Babak Afrough
- UK Health Security Agency, Science Group, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Fletcher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yohei Kurosaki
- National Research Centre for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | | | - Roger Hewson
- UK Health Security Agency, Science Group, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; National Research Centre for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Japan
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Febrer-Sendra B, Fernández-Soto P, García-Bernalt Diego J, Crego-Vicente B, Negredo A, Muñor-Bellido JL, Belhassen-García M, Sánchez-Seco MP, Muro A. A Novel RT-LAMP for the Detection of Different Genotypes of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus in Patients from Spain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076411. [PMID: 37047384 PMCID: PMC10094476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially lethal tick-borne viral disease with a wide distribution. In Spain, 12 human cases of CCHF have been confirmed, with four deaths. The diagnosis of CCHF is hampered by the nonspecific symptoms, the high genetic diversity of CCHFV, and the biosafety requirements to manage the virus. RT-qPCR and serological tests are used for diagnosis with limitations. Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) could be an effective alternative in the diagnosis of the disease. However, none of the few RT-LAMP assays developed to date has detected different CCHFV genotypes. Here, we designed a RT-LAMP using a degenerate primer set to compensate for the variability of the CCHFV target sequence. RT-LAMP was performed in colorimetric and real-time tests on RT-qPCR-confirmed CCHF patient samples notified in Spain in 2020 and 2021. Urine from an inpatient was analysed by RT-LAMP for the first time and compared with RT-qPCR. The amplicons obtained by RT-qPCR were sequenced and African III and European V genotypes were identified. RT-LAMP amplified both genotypes and was more sensitive than RT-qPCR in urine samples. We have developed a novel, rapid, specific, and sensitive RT-LAMP test that allows the detection of different CCHFV genotypes in clinical samples. This pan-CCHFV RT-LAMP detected viral RNA for the first time in urine samples. It can be easily performed as a single-tube isothermal colorimetric method on a portable platform in real time and without the need for expensive equipment, thus bringing molecular diagnostics closer to rural or resource-poor areas, where CCHF usually occurs.
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Simo Tchetgna H, Yousseu FS, Cosset FL, de Freitas NB, Kamgang B, McCall PJ, Ndip RN, Legros V, Wondji CS. Molecular and serological evidence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus prevalence in livestock and ticks in Cameroon. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1132495. [PMID: 37056704 PMCID: PMC10086150 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1132495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite a high fatality rate in humans, little is known about the occurrence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Cameroon. Hence, this pioneer study was started with the aim of determining the prevalence of CCHFV in domestic ruminants and its potential vector ticks in Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in two livestock markets of Yaoundé to collect blood and ticks from cattle, sheep, and goats. CCHFV-specific antibodies were detected in the plasma using a commercial ELISA assay and confirmed using a modified seroneutralization test. Ticks were screened for the presence of orthonairoviruses by amplification of a fragment of the L segment using RT-PCR. Phylogeny was used to infer the genetic evolution of the virus. Results Overall, 756 plasma samples were collected from 441 cattle, 168 goats, and 147 sheep. The seroprevalence of CCHFV was 61.77% for all animals, with the highest rate found in cattle (433/441, 98.18%) followed by sheep (23/147, 15.65%), and goats (11/168, 6.55%), (p-value < 0.0001). The highest seroprevalence rate was found in cattle from the Far North region (100%). Overall, 1500 ticks of the Rhipicephalus (773/1500, 51.53%), Amblyomma (341/1500, 22.73%), and Hyalomma (386/1500, 25.73%) genera were screened. CCHFV was identified in one Hyalomma truncatum pool collected from cattle. Phylogenetic analysis of the L segment classified this CCHFV strain within the African genotype III. Conclusion These seroprevalence results call for additional epidemiological studies on CCHFV, especially among at-risk human and animal populations in high-risk areas of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huguette Simo Tchetgna
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Francine S. Yousseu
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Enveloped Viruses, Vectors and Immunotherapy (EVIR), Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR5308, Ecole Normal Superieur (ENS) Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Natalia Bezerra de Freitas
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Enveloped Viruses, Vectors and Immunotherapy (EVIR), Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR5308, Ecole Normal Superieur (ENS) Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Philip J. McCall
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Ndip Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Vincent Legros
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Enveloped Viruses, Vectors and Immunotherapy (EVIR), Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR5308, Ecole Normal Superieur (ENS) Lyon, Lyon, France
- Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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8
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Mutational analysis of catalytic site domain of CCHFV L RNA segment. J Mol Model 2023; 29:88. [PMID: 36877258 PMCID: PMC9987378 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) has tripartite RNA genome and is endemic in various countries of Asia, Africa and Europe. METHOD The present study is focused on mutation profiling of CCHFV L segment and phylogenetic clustering of protein dataset into six CCHFV genotypes. RESULTS Phylogenetic tree rooted with NCBI reference sequence (YP_325663.1) indicated less divergence from genotype III and the sequences belonging to same genotypes have shown less divergence among each other. Mutation frequency at 729 mutated positions was calculated and 563, 49, 33, 46 and 38 amino acid positions were found to be mutated at mutation frequency intervals of 0-0.2, 0.21-0.4, 0.41-0.6, 0.61-0.8 and 0.81-1.0 respectively. Thirty-eight highly frequent mutations (0.81-1.0 interval) were found in all genotypes and mapping in L segment (encoded for RdRp) revealed four mutations (V2074I, I2134T/A, V2148A and Q2695H/R) in catalytic site domain and no mutation in OTU domain. Molecular dynamic simulation and in silico analysis showed that catalytic site domain displayed large deviation and fluctuation upon introduction of these point mutations. CONCLUSION Overall study provides strong evidence that OTU domain is highly conserved and less prone to mutation whereas point mutations recorded in catalytic domain have affected the stability of protein and were found to be persistent in the large population.
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9
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Lorenzo Juanes HM, Carbonell C, Sendra BF, López-Bernus A, Bahamonde A, Orfao A, Lista CV, Ledesma MS, Negredo AI, Rodríguez-Alonso B, Bua BR, Sánchez-Seco MP, Muñoz Bellido JL, Muro A, Belhassen-García M. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Spain, 2013-2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:252-259. [PMID: 36692301 PMCID: PMC9881766 DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.220677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral infectious disease for which distribution of the main vector, Hyalomma spp. ticks, is expanding. We analyzed all 10 cases of CCHF diagnosed in Spain during 2013-2021; case-patient median age was 56.5 years, and 7 were men. We identified CCHF virus genotypes III and V. Six case-patients acquired the infection in urban areas. Sixty percent of patients were infected in summer and 40% in spring. Two patients met criteria for hemophagocytic syndrome. Seven patients survived. The epidemiologic pattern of CCHF in Spain is based on occasional cases with an elevated mortality rate. Genotype III and, to a less extent also genotype V, CCHF circulates in humans in a common geographic area in Spain. Those data suggest that the expansion pathways are complex and may change over time. Physicians should remain alert to the possibility of new CCHF cases.
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10
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Hoffman T, Olsen B, Lundkvist Å. The Biological and Ecological Features of Northbound Migratory Birds, Ticks, and Tick-Borne Microorganisms in the African-Western Palearctic. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010158. [PMID: 36677450 PMCID: PMC9866947 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the species that act as hosts, vectors, and vehicles of vector-borne pathogens is vital for revealing the transmission cycles, dispersal mechanisms, and establishment of vector-borne pathogens in nature. Ticks are common vectors for pathogens causing human and animal diseases, and they transmit a greater variety of pathogenic agents than any other arthropod vector group. Ticks depend on the movements by their vertebrate hosts for their dispersal, and tick species with long feeding periods are more likely to be transported over long distances. Wild birds are commonly parasitized by ticks, and their migration patterns enable the long-distance range expansion of ticks. The African-Palearctic migration system is one of the world's largest migrations systems. African-Western Palearctic birds create natural links between the African, European, and Asian continents when they migrate biannually between breeding grounds in the Palearctic and wintering grounds in Africa and thereby connect different biomes. Climate is an important geographical determinant of ticks, and with global warming, the distribution range and abundance of ticks in the Western Palearctic may increase. The introduction of exotic ticks and their microorganisms into the Western Palearctic via avian vehicles might therefore pose a greater risk for the public and animal health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Hoffman
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsen
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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11
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Sánchez-Juanes F, Calvo Sánchez N, Belhassen García M, Vieira Lista C, Román RM, Álamo Sanz R, Muro Álvarez A, Muñoz Bellido JL. Applications of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry to the Identification of Parasites and Arthropod Vectors of Human Diseases. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2300. [PMID: 36422371 PMCID: PMC9695109 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod vectors and parasites are identified morphologically or, more recently, by molecular methods. Both methods are time consuming and require expertise and, in the case of molecular methods, specific devices. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification of bacteria has meant a major change in clinical microbiology laboratories because of its simplicity, speed and specificity, and its capacity to identify microorganisms, in some cases, directly from the sample (urine cultures, blood cultures). Recently, MALDI-TOF MS has been shown as useful for the identification of some parasites. On the other hand, the identification of vector arthropods and the control of their populations is essential for the control of diseases transmitted by arthropods, and in this aspect, it is crucial to have fast, simple and reliable methods for their identification. Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods with a worldwide distribution, that behave as efficient vectors of a wide group of human and animal pathogens, including bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and even helminths. They are capable of parasitizing numerous species of mammals, birds and reptiles. They constitute the second group of vectors of human diseases, after mosquitoes. MALDI-TOF MS has been shown as useful for the identification of different tick species, such as Ixodes, Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma. Some studies even suggest the possibility of being able to determine, through MALDI-TOF MS, if the arthropod is a carrier of certain microorganisms. Regarding mosquitoes, the main group of vector arthropods, the possibility of using MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of different species of Aedes and Anopheles has also been demonstrated. In this review, we address the possibilities of this technology for the identification of parasites and arthropod vectors, its characteristics, advantages and possible limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sánchez-Juanes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noelia Calvo Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Moncef Belhassen García
- Department of Medicine-Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Vieira Lista
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raul Manzano Román
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rufino Álamo Sanz
- Public Health Information Service, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Cuadrado-Matías R, Baz-Flores S, Peralbo-Moreno A, Herrero-García G, Risalde MA, Barroso P, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Ruiz-Rodriguez C, Ruiz-Fons F. Determinants of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus exposure dynamics in Mediterranean environments. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3571-3581. [PMID: 36183164 PMCID: PMC10092370 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick-borne human disease in Spain. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics and exposure risk determinants of CCHF virus (CCHFV) in animal models is essential to predict the time and areas of highest transmission risk. With this goal, we designed a longitudinal survey of two wild ungulate species, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), in Doñana National Park, a protected Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot with high ungulate and CCHFV vector abundance, and which is also one of the main stopover sites for migratory birds between Africa and western Europe. Both ungulates are hosts to the principal CCHFV vector in Spain, Hyalomma lusitanicum. We sampled wild ungulates annually from 2005 to 2020 and analysed the frequency of exposure to CCHFV by a double-antigen ELISA. The annual exposure risk was modelled as a function of environmental traits in an approach to understanding exposure risk determinants that allow us to predict the most likely places and years for CCHFV transmission. The main findings show that H. lusitanicum abundance is a fundamental driver of the fine-scale spatial CCHFV transmission risk, while inter-annual risk variation is conditioned by virus/vector hosts, host community structure and weather variations. The most relevant conclusion of the study is that the emergence of CCHF in Spain might be associated with recent wild ungulate population changes promoting higher vector abundance. This work provides relevant insights into the transmission dynamics of CCHFV in enzootic scenarios that would allow deepening the understanding of the ecology of CCHFV and its major determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Cuadrado-Matías
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sara Baz-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gloria Herrero-García
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Barroso
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
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13
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Földvári G, Szabó É, Tóth GE, Lanszki Z, Zana B, Varga Z, Kemenesi G. Emergence of Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma rufipes adults revealed by citizen science tick monitoring in Hungary. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2240-e2248. [PMID: 35436033 PMCID: PMC9790508 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyalomma ticks are important vectors of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and other pathogens. They are frequently carried as immatures from Africa, the Middle East and Mediterranean areas to temperate Europe via migratory birds and emergence of adults has been reported in many countries where it has so far been considered non-endemic. This study aimed to implement the first steps of the DAMA (Document, Assess, Monitor, Act) protocol by monitoring the potential arrival of adult Hyalomma ticks in Hungary applying citizen-science methods. Ticks were collected from April to December 2021 by asking volunteer participants through a self-made website to look for large, quickly moving, striped-legged hard ticks on themselves, their pets and livestock. Owing to an intensive media campaign, the project website had more than 31,000 visitors within 7 months; 137 specimens and several hundred photos of hard ticks were submitted by citizen scientists from all over the country. Beside Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor marginatus and Haemaphysalis inermis, a specimen from a dog was morphologically identified as a male Hyalomma marginatum and another removed from a cow as a male Hyalomma rufipes. The dog and the cow had never been abroad, lived approximately 280 km apart, so the two Hyalomma observations can be considered separate introductions. Amplification of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene was successfully run for both specimens. Sequencing confirmed the morphological identification for both ticks. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, the Hy. marginatum individual most likely belongs to the Eurasian population and the Hy. rufipes tick to a clade of mixed sequences from Europe and Africa. We summarize the scattered historical reports about the occurrence of Hyalomma ticks and CCHFV in Hungary. Our data highlight the effectiveness of citizens science programmes in the monitoring and risk assessment of CCHFV emergence and preparedness in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Földvári
- Institute of EvolutionCentre for Ecological ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Institute of EvolutionCentre for Ecological ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - Gábor Endre Tóth
- National Laboratory of VirologySzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of PécsPécsHungary,Institute of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Zsófia Lanszki
- National Laboratory of VirologySzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of PécsPécsHungary,Institute of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Brigitta Zana
- National Laboratory of VirologySzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of PécsPécsHungary,Institute of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Zsaklin Varga
- National Laboratory of VirologySzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of PécsPécsHungary,Institute of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- National Laboratory of VirologySzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of PécsPécsHungary,Institute of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
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14
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Frías M, Cuadrado‐Matías R, del Castillo Jarilla‐Fernández M, López‐López P, Casades‐Martí L, Madrigal E, Rivero A, Rivero‐Juárez A, Ruiz‐Fons F. The spatial pattern of human exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus is not consistent with red deer-based risk predictions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3208-e3214. [PMID: 35182451 PMCID: PMC9790474 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial risk of exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection of healthy blood donors in an enzootic region with a predicted risk gradient based on a virus-animal interaction risk model. We designed a cross-sectional study to test if the exposure pattern of the human population to CCHFV spatially matches the predicted risk. We randomly selected 1384 donors from different risk gradients and analyzed their sera searching for CCHFV antibodies. None of the selected blood donors showed exposure to CCHFV. This study shows that exposure risk spatial patterns, as predicted from animal-tick-virus models, does not necessarily match the pattern of human-infected tick interactions leading to CCHFV infection and CCHF cases, at least in a region of predicted moderate infection risk. The findings suggest that future studies should bear the potential drivers of tick-human encounter rates into account to more accurately predict risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Frías
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain,CiberinfecCórdobaSpain
| | - Raúl Cuadrado‐Matías
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) GroupInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | | | - Pedro López‐López
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain,CiberinfecCórdobaSpain
| | - Laia Casades‐Martí
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) GroupInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Elena Madrigal
- Blood BankHospital General Universitario de Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain,CiberinfecCórdobaSpain
| | - Antonio Rivero‐Juárez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain,CiberinfecCórdobaSpain
| | - Francisco Ruiz‐Fons
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) GroupInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain
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15
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Recent advances in treatment Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: A concise overview. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105657. [PMID: 35753597 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is widespread in Africa, Asia, and Europe, among other places. The disease was initially discovered in the Crimean cities of the Soviet Union and the Congo, and it was given the name Crimean Congo because it induces hemorrhagic fever. According to studies, when the virus enters the body, it settles in immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, causing them to malfunction and secrete inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL1, and IL6, resulting in cytokine storms that induces shock via endothelial activation and vascular leakage, while on the other hand, clots and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) formation causes massive defects in various organs such as the liver and kidneys, as well as fatal bleeding. Disease prevention and treatment are crucial since no other effective vaccination against the disease has yet been developed. Immunotherapy is utilized as a consequence. One of the most effective treatments, when combined with compensatory therapies such as blood and platelet replacement, water, electrolytes, Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) replacement, and other compensatory therapies, is one of the most effective treatments. Studies; show that immunotherapy using IVIG and neutralizing and non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies; cytokine therapy, and anti-inflammatory therapy using corticosteroids are effective ways to treat the disease.
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16
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Vieira Lista MC, Belhassen-García M, Vicente Santiago MB, Sánchez-Montejo J, Pedroza Pérez C, Monsalve Arteaga LC, Herrador Z, del Álamo-Sanz R, Benito A, Soto López JD, Muro A. Identification and Distribution of Human-Biting Ticks in Northwestern Spain. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050469. [PMID: 35621803 PMCID: PMC9144542 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We conducted a tick surveillance study in northwestern Spain. Nymphs of Ixodes ricinus were the most frequently collected. Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), Hyalomma marginatum, Hy. lusitanicum, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus and Haemaphysalis punctata were also found, with adults as the main stage. The number of collected Hyalomma spp. and R. bursa has been progressively increasing over time. Although bites occurred throughout the year, the highest number of incidents was reported from April to July. The distribution patterns of the tick species were different between the north and the south of the region, which was related to cases detected in humans of the pathogens they carried. Adult men were more likely to be bitten by ticks than women. Ticks were most frequently removed from adults from the lower limbs, while for children, they were mainly attached to the head. Epidemiological surveillance is essential given the increase in tick populations in recent years. Abstract Ticks transmit a wide diversity of pathogens to a great variety of hosts, including humans. We conducted a tick surveillance study in northwestern Spain between 2014 and 2019. Ticks were removed from people and identified. Tick numbers, species, development stages, the timeline, seasonal and geographical distribution and epidemiological characteristics of people bitten by ticks were studied. We collected ticks from 8143 people. Nymphs of I. ricinus were the most frequently collected. Rhipicephalus bursa, R. sanguineus s.l., Hy. marginatum, Hy. lusitanicum, D. marginatus, D. reticulatus and H. punctata were also found, with adults as the main stage. The number of collected Hyalomma spp. and R. bursa has been progressively increasing over time. Although bites occurred throughout the year, the highest number of incidents was reported from April to July. The distribution patterns of the tick species were different between the north and the south of the region, which was related to cases detected in humans of the pathogens they carried. Adult men were more likely to be bitten by ticks than women. Ticks were most frequently removed from adults from the lower limbs, while for children, they were mainly attached to the head. Epidemiological surveillance is essential given the increase in tick populations in recent years, mainly of species potentially carrying pathogens causing emerging diseases in Spain, such as Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCFH).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Vieira Lista
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.V.L.); (M.B.V.S.); (J.S.-M.); (C.P.P.); (J.D.S.L.)
| | - Moncef Belhassen-García
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.V.L.); (M.B.V.S.); (J.S.-M.); (C.P.P.); (J.D.S.L.)
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.-G.); (A.M.)
| | - María Belén Vicente Santiago
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.V.L.); (M.B.V.S.); (J.S.-M.); (C.P.P.); (J.D.S.L.)
| | - Javier Sánchez-Montejo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.V.L.); (M.B.V.S.); (J.S.-M.); (C.P.P.); (J.D.S.L.)
| | - Carlos Pedroza Pérez
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.V.L.); (M.B.V.S.); (J.S.-M.); (C.P.P.); (J.D.S.L.)
| | | | - Zaida Herrador
- National Centre for Tropical Medicine, Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Z.H.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Agustin Benito
- National Centre for Tropical Medicine, Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Z.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Julio David Soto López
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.V.L.); (M.B.V.S.); (J.S.-M.); (C.P.P.); (J.D.S.L.)
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.V.L.); (M.B.V.S.); (J.S.-M.); (C.P.P.); (J.D.S.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.-G.); (A.M.)
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17
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Li N, Rao G, Li Z, Yin J, Chong T, Tian K, Fu Y, Cao S. Cryo-EM structure of glycoprotein C from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Virol Sin 2022; 37:127-137. [PMID: 35234630 PMCID: PMC8922431 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a causative agent of serious hemorrhagic diseases in humans with high mortality rates. CCHFV glycoprotein Gc plays critical roles in mediating virus-host membrane fusion and has been studied extensively as an immunogen. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in membrane fusion and Gc-specific antibody-antigen interactions remain unresolved largely because structural information of this glycoprotein is missing. We designed a trimeric protein including most of the ectodomain region of Gc from the prototype CCHFV strain, IbAr10200, which enabled the cryo-electron microscopy structure to be solved at a resolution of 2.8 Å. The structure confirms that CCHFV Gc is a class II fusion protein. Unexpectedly, structural comparisons with other solved Gc trimers in the postfusion conformation revealed that CCHFV Gc adopted hybrid architectural features of the fusion loops from hantaviruses and domain III from phenuiviruses, suggesting a complex evolutionary pathway among these bunyaviruses. Antigenic sites on CCHFV Gc that protective neutralizing antibodies target were mapped onto the CCHFV Gc structure, providing valuable information that improved our understanding of potential neutralization mechanisms of various antibodies. Cryo-EM structure of the ectodomain of CCHFV Gc in the postfusion conformation was determined at atomic-resolution. CCHFV Gc is a class II fusion protein and adopts hybrid architectural features of hantaviruses and phenuiviruses. Structural mapping of Gc epitope residues targeted by neutralizing antibodies would facilitate future vaccine development.
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18
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Negredo A, Sánchez-Ledesma M, Llorente F, Pérez-Olmeda M, Belhassen-García M, González-Calle D, Sánchez-Seco MP, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ. Retrospective Identification of Early Autochthonous Case of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Spain, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1754-1756. [PMID: 34013861 PMCID: PMC8153886 DOI: 10.3201/eid2706.204643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Before this report, 7 autochthonous human cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever had been reported in Spain, all occurring since 2016. We describe the retrospective identification of an eighth case dating back to 2013. This study highlights that the earliest cases of an emerging disease are often difficult to recognize.
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Epidemiological Aspects of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Western Europe: What about the Future? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030649. [PMID: 33801015 PMCID: PMC8003855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus), mainly transmitted by ticks, belonging to the genus Orthonairovirus (family Nairoviridae, order Bunyavirales). CCHFV causes a potentially severe, or even fatal, human disease, and it is widely distributed in Africa, Asia, eastern Europe and, more recently, in South-western Europe. Until a few years ago, no cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) had been reported in western Europe, with the exception of several travel-associated cases. In 2010, the CCHFV was reported for the first time in South-western Europe when viral RNA was obtained from Hyalomma lusitanicum ticks collected from deer in Cáceres (Spain). Migratory birds from Africa harboring CCHFV-infected ticks and flying to Spain appear to have contributed to the establishment of the virus (genotype III, Africa-3) in this country. In addition, the recent findings in a patient and in ticks from deer and wild boar of viral sequences similar to those from eastern Europe (genotype V, Europe-1), raise the possibility of the introduction of CCHFV into Spain through the animal trade, although the arrival by bird routes cannot be ruled out (Africa-4 has been also recently detected). The seropositive rates of animals detected in regions of South-western Spain suggest an established cycle of tick-host-tick in certain areas, and the segment reassortment detected in the sequenced virus from one patient evidences a high ability to adaptation of the virus. Different ixodid tick genera can be vectors and reservoirs of the virus, although Hyalomma spp. are particularly relevant for its maintenance. This tick genus is common in Mediterranean region but it is currently spreading to new areas, partly due to the climate change and movement of livestock or wild animals. Although to a lesser extent, travels with our pets (and their ticks) may be also a factor to be considered. As a consequence, the virus is expanding from the Balkan region to Central Europe and, more recently, to Western Europe where different genotypes are circulating. Thus, seven human cases confirmed by molecular methods have been reported in Spain from 2016 to August 2020, three of them with a fatal outcome. A One Health approach is essential for the surveillance of fauna and vector populations to assess the risk for humans and animals. We discuss the risk of CCHFV causing epidemic outbreaks in Western Europe.
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Sánchez-Seco MP, Sierra MJ, Estrada-Peña A, Valcárcel F, Molina R, de Arellano ER, Olmeda AS, San Miguel LG, Jiménez M, Romero LJ, Negredo A. Widespread Detection of Multiple Strains of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 28:394-402. [PMID: 35076008 PMCID: PMC8798670 DOI: 10.3201/eid2802.211308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) were first detected in Spain in 2016. National human and animal health authorities organized a large, multidisciplinary study focusing on ticks as sentinels to determine the nationwide distribution of ticks with CCHF virus. Ticks were collected from animals and vegetation, samples pooled (12,584 ticks; 4,556 pools), and molecular methods used to look for the virus. We detected the virus in 135 pools from most of the regions studied, indicating that it is widespread in Spain. We found sequences of CCHF virus genotypes I, III, and IV in the tick species collected, most commonly in Hyalomma lusitanicum, suggesting this tick has a prominent role in the virus’s natural cycle. The red deer (Cervus elaphus) was the host that most frequently yielded positive ticks. Our study highlights the need for larger studies in Spain to ascertain the complete risk to public health.
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