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Franco A, Flores-Garcia Y, Venezia J, Daoud A, Scott AL, Zavala F, Sullivan DJ. Hemozoin-induced IFN-γ production mediates innate immune protection against sporozoite infection. Microbes Infect 2024:105343. [PMID: 38670216 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Hemozoin is a crystal synthesized by Plasmodium parasites during hemoglobin digestion in the erythrocytic stage. The hemozoin released when the parasites egress from the red blood cell, which is complexed with parasite DNA, is cleared from the circulation by circulating and tissue-resident monocytes and macrophages, respectively. Recently, we reported that intravenous administration of purified hemozoin complexed with Plasmodium berghei DNA (HzPbDNA) resulted in an innate immune response that blocked liver stage development of sporozoites that was dose-dependent and time-limited. Here, we further characterize the organismal, cellular, and molecular events associated with this protective innate response in the liver and report that a large proportion of the IV administered HzPbDNA localized to F4/80+ cells in the liver and that the rapid and strong protection against liver-stage development waned quickly such that by 1 week post-HzPbDNA treatment animals were fully susceptible to infection. RNAseq of the liver after IV administration of HzPbDNA demonstrated that the rapid and robust induction of genes associated with the acute phase response, innate immune activation, cellular recruitment, and IFN-γ signaling observed at day 1 was largely absent at day 7. RNAseq analysis implicated NK cells as the major cellular source of IFN-γ. In vivo cell depletion and IFN-γ neutralization experiments supported the hypothesis that tissue-resident macrophages and NK cells are major contributors to the protective response and the NK cell-derived IFN-γ is key to induction of the mechanisms that block sporozoite development in the liver. These findings advance our understanding of the innate immune responses that prevent liver stage malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Franco
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jarrett Venezia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Abdel Daoud
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alan L Scott
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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2
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Xu Z, Kombe Kombe AJ, Deng S, Zhang H, Wu S, Ruan J, Zhou Y, Jin T. NLRP inflammasomes in health and disease. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:14. [PMID: 38644450 PMCID: PMC11033252 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
NLRP inflammasomes are a group of cytosolic multiprotein oligomer pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) produced by infected cells. They regulate innate immunity by triggering a protective inflammatory response. However, despite their protective role, aberrant NLPR inflammasome activation and gain-of-function mutations in NLRP sensor proteins are involved in occurrence and enhancement of non-communicating autoimmune, auto-inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the last few years, significant advances have been achieved in the understanding of the NLRP inflammasome physiological functions and their molecular mechanisms of activation, as well as therapeutics that target NLRP inflammasome activity in inflammatory diseases. Here, we provide the latest research progress on NLRP inflammasomes, including NLRP1, CARD8, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP2, NLRP9, NLRP10, and NLRP12 regarding their structural and assembling features, signaling transduction and molecular activation mechanisms. Importantly, we highlight the mechanisms associated with NLRP inflammasome dysregulation involved in numerous human auto-inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, we summarize the latest discoveries in NLRP biology, their forming inflammasomes, and their role in health and diseases, and provide therapeutic strategies and perspectives for future studies about NLRP inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Xu
- Center of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shasha Deng
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Center of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Center of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jianbin Ruan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, 06030, USA.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Core Facility Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Center of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Core Facility Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
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3
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Fu J, Schroder K, Wu H. Mechanistic insights from inflammasome structures. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-00995-w. [PMID: 38374299 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-00995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that form in the cytosol in response to pathogen-associated and damage-associated stimuli, as well as other danger signals that perturb cellular homoeostasis, resulting in host defence responses in the form of cytokine release and programmed cell death (pyroptosis). Inflammasome activity is closely associated with numerous human disorders, including rare genetic syndromes of autoinflammation, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. In recent years, a range of inflammasome components and their functions have been discovered, contributing to our knowledge of the overall machinery. Here, we review the latest advances in inflammasome biology from the perspective of structural and mechanistic studies. We focus on the most well-studied components of the canonical inflammasome - NAIP-NLRC4, NLRP3, NLRP1, CARD8 and caspase-1 - as well as caspase-4, caspase-5 and caspase-11 of the noncanonical inflammasome, and the inflammasome effectors GSDMD and NINJ1. These structural studies reveal important insights into how inflammasomes are assembled and regulated, and how they elicit the release of IL-1 family cytokines and induce membrane rupture in pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Amaral MP, Cardoso FD, de Farias IS, de Souza RQ, Matteucci KC, Torrecilhas AC, Bortoluci KR. NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome participates in macrophage responses to Trypanosoma cruzi by a mechanism that relies on cathepsin-dependent caspase-1 cleavage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282856. [PMID: 38124741 PMCID: PMC10731265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that, once activated, initiate inflammatory responses by activating the caspase-1 protease. They play pivotal roles in host defense against pathogens. The well-established role of NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome in bacterial infections involves NAIP proteins functioning as sensors for their ligands. However, recent reports have indicated the involvement of NLRC4 in non-bacterial infections and sterile inflammation, even though the role of NAIP proteins and the exact molecular mechanisms underlying inflammasome activation in these contexts remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the activation of the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome in response to Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite responsible for causing Chagas disease. This parasite has been previously demonstrated to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes. Here we found that NAIP and NLRC4 proteins are also required for IL-1β and Nitric Oxide (NO) release in response to T. cruzi infection, with their absence rendering macrophages permissive to parasite replication. Moreover, Nlrc4 -/- and Nlrp3 -/- macrophages presented similar impaired responses to T. cruzi, underscoring the non-redundant roles played by these inflammasomes during infection. Notably, it was the live trypomastigotes rather than soluble antigens or extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by them, that activated inflammasomes in a cathepsins-dependent manner. The inhibition of cathepsins effectively abrogated caspase-1 cleavage, IL-1β and NO release, mirroring the phenotype observed in Nlrc4 -/-/Nlrp3 -/- double knockout macrophages. Collectively, our findings shed light on the pivotal role of the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome in macrophage responses to T. cruzi infection, providing new insights into its broader functions that extend beyond bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Pires Amaral
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Daniel Cardoso
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Sancho de Farias
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Queiroz de Souza
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kely Catarine Matteucci
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Ramalho Bortoluci
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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5
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Iwuanyanwu VU, Banjo OW, Babalola KT, Olajide OA. Neuroprotection by Alstonia boonei De Wild., Anacardium occidentale L., Azadirachta indica A.Juss. and Mangifera indica L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116390. [PMID: 36965546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Alstonia boonei De Wild. (stem bark), Anacardium occidentale L. (stem bark), Azadirachta indica A.Juss (leaves), Enantia chlorantha Oliv. (stem bark), Khaya senegalensis A.Juss (stem bark) Mangifera indica L. (stem bark), and Nauclea latifolia Sm. (stem bark) are used for treating malaria in southwest Nigeria. Surveys revealed that these plants are also employed for treating symptoms of malaria and cerebral malaria in the region. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the effects of freeze-dried extracts of these plants were investigated on synthetic hemozoin (HZ)-induced neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and increased permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of freeze-dried plant extracts were investigated on neuroinflammation by measuring levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in culture supernatants, while in-cell western assays were used to measure protein levels of iNOS and NLRP3. Effects on HZ-induced neurotoxicity and ROS generation was measured using MTT and DCFDA assays, respectively. HZ-induced permeability of hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells was determined using the in vitro vascular permeability assay kit. RESULTS The extracts produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, RANTES and iNOS/NO production in HZ-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Pre-treatment with 50 μg/mL of A. boonei, A. indica, A. occidentale, E. chlorantha and M. indica also resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Pre-treatment with A. indica produced, A. occidentale, M. indica and A. boonei reduced HZ-induced increased NLRP3 protein expression. HZ-induced increased caspase-1 activity was also reduced by A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica, E. chlorantha, and M. indica. Freeze-dried extracts of A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica and M. indica produced neuroprotective effect in HT-22 neuronal cells incubated with HZ by preventing HZ-induced neurotoxicity, ROS generation, DNA fragmentation and caspase 3/7 activity. Inhibition of HZ-induced increase in permeability of human hCMEC/D3 brain endothelial cells was also observed with A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica and M. indica, while reducing the release of TNFα and MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica and M. indica are neuroprotective through inhibition of neuroinflammation, neuronal damage and increased permeability of blood brain barrier. The outcome of the study provides pharmacological evidence for the potential benefits of plants as herbal treatments for cerebral malaria symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria U Iwuanyanwu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Owolabi W Banjo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kabirat T Babalola
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Olumayokun A Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
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6
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Skorokhod O, Triglione V, Barrera V, Di Nardo G, Valente E, Ulliers D, Schwarzer E, Gilardi G. Posttranslational Modification of Human Cytochrome CYP4F11 by 4-Hydroxynonenal Impairs ω-Hydroxylation in Malaria Pigment Hemozoin-Fed Monocytes: The Role in Malaria Immunosuppression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10232. [PMID: 37373382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a frequent parasitic infection becomes life threatening due to the disequilibrated immune responses of the host. Avid phagocytosis of malarial pigment hemozoin (HZ) and HZ-containing Plasmodium parasites incapacitates monocyte functions by bioactive lipoperoxidation products 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). CYP4F conjugation with 4-HNE is hypothesised to inhibit ω-hydroxylation of 15-HETE, leading to sustained monocyte dysfunction caused by 15-HETE accumulation. A combined immunochemical and mass-spectrometric approach identified 4-HNE-conjugated CYP4F11 in primary human HZ-laden and 4-HNE-treated monocytes. Six distinct 4-HNE-modified amino acid residues were revealed, of which C260 and H261 are localized in the substrate recognition site of CYP4F11. Functional consequences of enzyme modification were investigated on purified human CYP4F11. Palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE bound to unconjugated CYP4F11 with apparent dissociation constants of 52, 98, 38, and 73 µM, respectively, while in vitro conjugation with 4-HNE completely blocked substrate binding and enzymatic activity of CYP4F11. Gas chromatographic product profiles confirmed that unmodified CYP4F11 catalysed the ω-hydroxylation while 4-HNE-conjugated CYP4F11 did not. The 15-HETE dose dependently recapitulated the inhibition of the oxidative burst and dendritic cell differentiation by HZ. The inhibition of CYP4F11 by 4-HNE with consequent accumulation of 15-HETE is supposed to be a crucial step in immune suppression in monocytes and immune imbalance in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Skorokhod
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triglione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Barrera
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Giovanna Di Nardo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Valente
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Ulliers
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Evelin Schwarzer
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
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7
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Hou Y, He H, Ma M, Zhou R. Apilimod activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through lysosome-mediated mitochondrial damage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128700. [PMID: 37359517 PMCID: PMC10285205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 is an important innate immune sensor that responses to various signals and forms the inflammasome complex, leading to IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis. Lysosomal damage has been implicated in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to crystals or particulates, but the mechanism remains unclear. We developed the small molecule library screening and found that apilimod, a lysosomal disruptor, is a selective and potent NLRP3 agonist. Apilimod promotes the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, IL-1β secretion, and pyroptosis. Mechanismically, while the activation of NLRP3 by apilimod is independent of potassium efflux and directly binding, apilimod triggers mitochondrial damage and lysosomal dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that apilimod induces TRPML1-dependent calcium flux in lysosomes, leading to mitochondrial damage and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, our results revealed the pro-inflammasome activity of apilimod and the mechanism of calcium-dependent lysosome-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Hou
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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8
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Kouroumalis E, Tsomidis I, Voumvouraki A. Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Interplay of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041166. [PMID: 37189787 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multifactorial process that has not yet been fully investigated. Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular pathways that are critical for cell survival or death. The balance between apoptosis and autophagy regulates liver cell turnover and maintains intracellular homeostasis. However, the balance is often dysregulated in many cancers, including HCC. Autophagy and apoptosis pathways may be either independent or parallel or one may influence the other. Autophagy may either inhibit or promote apoptosis, thus regulating the fate of the liver cancer cells. In this review, a concise overview of the pathogenesis of HCC is presented, with emphasis on new developments, including the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress, the implication of microRNAs and the role of gut microbiota. The characteristics of HCC associated with a specific liver disease are also described and a brief description of autophagy and apoptosis is provided. The role of autophagy and apoptosis in the initiation, progress and metastatic potential is reviewed and the experimental evidence indicating an interplay between the two is extensively analyzed. The role of ferroptosis, a recently described specific pathway of regulated cell death, is presented. Finally, the potential therapeutic implications of autophagy and apoptosis in drug resistance are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Department of Gastroenterology, PAGNI University Hospital, University of Crete School of Medicine, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsomidis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Argyro Voumvouraki
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
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9
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Du Y, Hu Z, Luo Y, Wang HY, Yu X, Wang RF. Function and regulation of cGAS-STING signaling in infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130423. [PMID: 36825026 PMCID: PMC9941744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacious detection of pathogens and prompt induction of innate immune signaling serve as a crucial component of immune defense against infectious pathogens. Over the past decade, DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream signaling adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING) have emerged as key mediators of type I interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) responses in health and infection diseases. Moreover, both cGAS-STING pathway and pathogens have developed delicate strategies to resist each other for their survival. The mechanistic and functional comprehension of the interplay between cGAS-STING pathway and pathogens is opening the way for the development and application of pharmacological agonists and antagonists in the treatment of infectious diseases. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge of DNA sensing through the cGAS-STING pathway, and emphatically highlight the potent undertaking of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the host against infectious pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yien Luo
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Salgar S, Bolívar BE, Flanagan JM, Anum SJ, Bouchier-Hayes L. The NLRP3 inflammasome fires up heme-induced inflammation in hemolytic conditions. Transl Res 2023; 252:34-44. [PMID: 36041706 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Overactive inflammatory responses are central to the pathophysiology of many hemolytic conditions including sickle cell disease. Excessive hemolysis leads to elevated serum levels of heme due to saturation of heme scavenging mechanisms. Extracellular heme has been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to activation of caspase-1 and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Heme also activates the non-canonical inflammasome pathway, which may contribute to NLRP3 inflammasome formation and leads to pyroptosis, a type of inflammatory cell death. Some clinical studies indicate there is a benefit to blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in patients with sickle cell disease and other hemolytic conditions. However, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of heme-induced inflammasome activation is needed to fully leverage this pathway for clinical benefit. This review will explore the mechanisms of heme-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the role of this pathway in hemolytic conditions including sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Salgar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children's Hospital William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, Texas
| | - Beatriz E Bolívar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children's Hospital William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan M Flanagan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children's Hospital William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, Texas
| | - Shaniqua J Anum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children's Hospital William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children's Hospital William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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11
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Storm J, Camarda G, Haley MJ, Brough D, Couper KN, Craig AG. Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte co-culture with the monocyte cell line THP-1 does not trigger production of soluble factors reducing brain microvascular barrier function. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285323. [PMID: 37141324 PMCID: PMC10159134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes contribute to the pro-inflammatory immune response during the blood stage of a Plasmodium falciparum infection, but their precise role in malaria pathology is not clear. Besides phagocytosis, monocytes are activated by products from P. falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) and one of the activation pathways is potentially the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multi-protein complex that leads to the production of interleukin (IL)-1β. In cerebral malaria cases, monocytes accumulate at IE sequestration sites in the brain microvascular and the locally produced IL-1β, or other secreted molecules, could contribute to leakage of the blood-brain barrier. To study the activation of monocytes by IE within the brain microvasculature in an in vitro model, we co-cultured IT4var14 IE and the monocyte cell line THP-1 for 24 hours and determined whether generated soluble molecules affect barrier function of human brain microvascular endothelial cells, measured by real time trans-endothelial electrical resistance. The medium produced after co-culture did not affect endothelial barrier function and similarly no effect was measured after inducing oxidative stress by adding xanthine oxidase to the co-culture. While IL-1β does decrease barrier function, barely any IL-1β was produced in the co- cultures, indicative of a lack of or incomplete THP-1 activation by IE in this co-culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Storm
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Grazia Camarda
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Haley
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin N Couper
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alister G Craig
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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12
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Hartmann A, Vila-Verde C, Guimarães FS, Joca SR, Lisboa SF. The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Stress Response: Another Target for the Promiscuous Cannabidiol. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:284-308. [PMID: 35410608 PMCID: PMC10190150 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many psychiatric patients do not respond to conventional therapy. There is a vast effort to investigate possible mechanisms involved in treatment resistance, trying to provide better treatment options, and several data points toward a possible involvement of inflammatory mechanisms. Microglia, glial, and resident immune cells are involved in complex responses in the brain, orchestrating homeostatic functions, such as synaptic pruning and maintaining neuronal activity. In contrast, microglia play a major role in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cell death. Increasing evidence implicate microglia dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. The mechanisms are still unclear, but one pathway in microglia has received increased attention in the last 8 years, i.e., the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Stress response and inflammation, including microglia activation, can be attenuated by Cannabidiol (CBD). CBD has antidepressant, anti-stress, antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory, and other properties. CBD effects are mediated by direct or indirect modulation of many receptors, enzymes, and other targets. This review will highlight some findings for neuroinflammation and microglia involvement in stress-related psychiatric disorders, particularly addressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Moreover, we will discuss evidence and mechanisms for CBD effects in psychiatric disorders and animal models and address its potential effects on stress response via neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hartmann
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla Vila-Verde
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R. Joca
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP);
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sabrina F. Lisboa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP);
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13
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Zhang G, Luo W, Yang W, Li S, Li D, Zeng Y, Li Y. The importance of the
IL
‐1 family of cytokines in nanoimmunosafety and nanotoxicology. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1850. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Wenhe Luo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Su Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Dongjie Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Yanqiao Zeng
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
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14
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Pohl K, Cockburn IA. Innate immunity to malaria: The good, the bad and the unknown. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914598. [PMID: 36059493 PMCID: PMC9437427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is the cause of 600.000 deaths annually. However, these deaths represent only a tiny fraction of total malaria cases. Repeated natural infections with the causative agent, Plasmodium sp. parasites, induce protection from severe disease but not sterile immunity. Thus, immunity to Plasmodium is incomplete. Conversely, immunization with attenuated sporozoite stage parasites can induce sterile immunity albeit after multiple vaccinations. These different outcomes are likely to be influenced strongly by the innate immune response to different stages of the parasite lifecycle. Even small numbers of sporozoites can induce a robust proinflammatory type I interferon response, which is believed to be driven by the sensing of parasite RNA. Moreover, induction of innate like gamma-delta cells contributes to the development of adaptive immune responses. Conversely, while blood stage parasites can induce a strong proinflammatory response, regulatory mechanisms are also triggered. In agreement with this, intact parasites are relatively weakly sensed by innate immune cells, but isolated parasite molecules, notably DNA and RNA can induce strong responses. Thus, the innate response to Plasmodium parasite likely represents a trade-off between strong pro-inflammatory responses that may potentiate immunity and regulatory processes that protect the host from cytokine storms that can induce life threatening illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pohl
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ian A. Cockburn
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ian A. Cockburn,
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15
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Involvement of NF-κB/NLRP3 axis in the progression of aseptic loosening of total joint arthroplasties: a review of molecular mechanisms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:757-767. [PMID: 35377011 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Particulate wear debris can trigger pro-inflammatory bone resorption and result in aseptic loosening. This complication remains major postoperative discomforts and complications for patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty. Recent studies have indicated that wear debris-induced aseptic loosening is associated with the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The activation of osteoclasts as a result of inflammatory responses is associated with osteolysis. Moreover, stimulation of inflammatory signaling pathways such as the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we first summarized the potential inflammatory mechanisms of wear particle-induced peri-implant osteolysis. Then, the therapeutic approaches, e.g., biological inhibitors, herbal products, and stem cells or their derivatives, with the ability to suppress the inflammatory responses, mainly NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways, were discussed. Based on the results, activation of macrophages following inflammatory stimuli, overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and subsequent differentiation of osteoclasts in the presence of wear particles lead to bone resorption. The activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways within the macrophages stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, novel therapeutics significantly promoted osteogenesis, suppressed osteoclastogenesis, and diminished particle-mediated bone resorption. Conclusively, these findings offer that suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating both NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome represents a novel approach to attenuate wear-particle-related osteolytic diseases.
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16
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Wang S, Moreau F, Chadee K. Gasdermins in Innate Host Defense Against Entamoeba histolytica and Other Protozoan Parasites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900553. [PMID: 35795683 PMCID: PMC9251357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a group of proteins that are cleaved by inflammatory caspases to induce pore formation in the plasma membrane to cause membrane permeabilization and lytic cell death or pyroptosis. All GSDMs share a conserved structure, containing a cytotoxic N-terminal (NT) pore-forming domain and a C-terminal (CT) repressor domain. Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) in contact with macrophages, triggers outside-in signaling to activate inflammatory caspase-4/1 via the noncanonical and canonical pathway to promote cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD). Cleavage of GSDMD removes the auto-inhibition that masks the active pore-forming NT domain in the full-length protein by interactions with GSDM-CT. The cleaved NT-GSDMD monomers then oligomerize to form pores in the plasma membrane to facilitate the release of IL-1β and IL-18 with a measured amount of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is an effective way to counteract intracellular parasites, which exploit replicative niche to avoid killing. To date, most GSDMs have been verified to perform pore-forming activity and GSDMD-induced pyroptosis is rapidly emerging as a mechanism of anti-microbial host defence. Here, we review our comprehensive and current knowledge on the expression, activation, biological functions, and regulation of GSDMD cleavage with emphases on physiological scenario and related dysfunctions of each GSDM member as executioner of cell death, cytokine secretion and inflammation against Eh and other protozoan parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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17
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Blevins HM, Xu Y, Biby S, Zhang S. The NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A Review of Mechanisms and Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:879021. [PMID: 35754962 PMCID: PMC9226403 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.879021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that plays a pivotal role in regulating the innate immune system and inflammatory signaling. Upon activation by PAMPs and DAMPs, NLRP3 oligomerizes and activates caspase-1 which initiates the processing and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. NLRP3 is the most extensively studied inflammasome to date due to its array of activators and aberrant activation in several inflammatory diseases. Studies using small molecules and biologics targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway have shown positive outcomes in treating various disease pathologies by blocking chronic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the NLRP3 mechanism, its role in disease pathology, and provide a broad review of therapeutics discovered to target the NLRP3 pathway and their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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18
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Banerjee SK, Chatterjee A, Gupta S, Nagar A. Activation and Regulation of NLRP3 by Sterile and Infectious Insults. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896353. [PMID: 35663964 PMCID: PMC9161712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nod-Like Receptor (NLR) is the largest family of Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that patrols the cytosolic environment. NLR engagement drives caspase-1 activation that cleaves pro-IL-1B which then gets secreted. Released IL-1B recruits immune cells to the site of infection/injury. Caspase-1 also cleaves Gasdermin-D (GSDM-D) that forms pores within the plasma membrane driving inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. NLRP3 is the most extensively studied NLR. The NLRP3 gene is encoded by 9 exons, where exon 1 codes for pyrin domain, exon 3 codes for NACHT domain, and Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) domain is coded by exon 4-9. Exon 2 codes for a highly disorganized loop that connects the rest of the protein to the pyrin domain and may be involved in NLRP3 regulation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by many structurally divergent agonists of microbial, environmental, and host origin. Activated NLRP3 interacts with an adaptor protein, ASC, that bridges it to pro-Caspase-1 forming a multi-protein complex called inflammasome. Dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity is a hallmark of pathogenesis in several human diseases, indicating its highly significant clinical relevance. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge about the mechanism of activation of NLRP3 and its regulation during activation by infectious and sterile triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijon K. Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shamba Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Abhinit Nagar
- Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Abhinit Nagar,
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19
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Suresh RV, Bradley EW, Higgs M, Russo VC, Alqahtani M, Huang W, Bakshi CS, Malik M. Nlrp3 Increases the Host's Susceptibility to Tularemia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:725572. [PMID: 34690967 PMCID: PMC8527020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.725572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) is a Gram-negative, intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of a fatal human disease known as tularemia. The CDC has classified F. tularensis as a Tier 1 Category A select agent based on its ease of aerosolization, low infectious dose, past use as a bioweapon, and the potential to be used as a bioterror agent. Francisella has a unique replication cycle. Upon its uptake, Francisella remains in the phagosomes for a short period and then escapes into the cytosol, where the replication occurs. Francisella is recognized by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, Absent In Melanoma 2 (Aim2) and Nacht LRR and PYD domains containing Protein 3 (Nlrp3). The recognition of Francisella ligands by Aim2 and Nlrp3 triggers the assembly and activation of the inflammasome. The mechanism of activation of Aim2 is well established; however, how Nlrp3 inflammasome is activated in response to F. tularensis infection is not known. Unlike Aim2, the protective role of Nlrp3 against Francisella infection is not fully established. This study investigated the role of Nlrp3 and the potential mechanisms through which Nlrp3 exerts its detrimental effects on the host in response to F. tularensis infection. The results from in vitro studies demonstrate that Nlrp3 dampens NF-κB and MAPK signaling, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which allows replication of F. tularensis in infected macrophages. In vivo, Nlrp3 deficiency results in differential expression of several genes required to induce a protective immune response against respiratory tularemia. Nlrp3-deficient mice mount a stronger innate immune response, clear bacteria efficiently with minimal organ damage, and are more resistant to Francisella infection than their wild-type counterparts. Together, these results demonstrate that Nlrp3 enhances the host's susceptibility to F. tularensis by modulating the protective innate immune responses. Collectively, this study advances our understanding of the detrimental role of Nlrp3 in tularemia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragavan V. Suresh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth W. Bradley
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Higgs
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Vincenzo C. Russo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Maha Alqahtani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Wiehua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Chandra Shekhar Bakshi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Meenakshi Malik
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
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20
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Rajapriya S, Geetha A. Effect of luteolin on the gene level expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB in rats subjected to experimental pancreatitis - influence of HSP70. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:477-486. [PMID: 34167178 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is one of the well characterized inflammasome that controls the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby the inflammation in pancreas which could be a promising target for anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study is aimed to explore whether luteolin can target the NLRP3 inflammasome and modulate its activity through the signaling protein, HSP70 in the ethanol-cerulein model of experimental pancreatitis. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 rats received normal diet. Groups 3 and 4 rats received isocalorically adjusted diet containing ethanol for 5 weeks and cerulein (20 μg/kg body weight i.p., thrice weekly for the last 3 weeks of the experimental period). Additionally, group 2 and 4 rats received 2 mg/kg body weight of luteolin orally from third week. RESULTS Luteolin co-administration decreased the serum levels of HSP70, oxidative stress markers, myeloperoxidase, GSH/GSSG and GST with concomitant downregulation in the mRNA expression of HSP70, caspase-1, ASC-NLRP3 and NF-κB. Spearman's rank correlation test showed that serum HSP70 has positive correlation with the expression of ASC-NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB and 4-hydroxynonenal and negative correlation with GSH:GSSG ratio. CONCLUSIONS The modulating effect of luteolin on the expression of HSP70, NF-κB and thereby on ASC-NLRP3 complex may be claimed for its pancreato-protective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanandan Rajapriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathi Women's College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Geetha
- Dr. Ambedkar Government Arts College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Corcoran SE, Halai R, Cooper MA. Pharmacological Inhibition of the Nod-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome with MCC950. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:968-1000. [PMID: 34117094 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome drives release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and induces pyroptosis (lytic cell death). These events drive chronic inflammation, and as such, NLRP3 has been implicated in a large number of human diseases. These range from autoimmune conditions, the simplest of which is NLRP3 gain-of-function mutations leading to an orphan disease, cryopyrin-associated period syndrome, to large disease burden indications, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, asthma, ulcerative colitis, and arthritis. The potential clinical utility of NLRP3 inhibitors is substantiated by an expanding list of indications in which NLRP3 activation has been shown to play a detrimental role. Studies of pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 in nonclinical models of disease using MCC950 in combination with human genetics, epigenetics, and analyses of the efficacy of biologic inhibitors of IL-1β, such as anakinra and canakinumab, can help to prioritize clinical trials of NLRP3-directed therapeutics. Although MCC950 shows excellent (nanomolar) potency and high target selectivity, its pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic properties limited its therapeutic development in the clinic. Several improved, next-generation inhibitors are now in clinical trials. Hence the body of research in a plethora of conditions reviewed herein may inform analysis of the potential translational value of NLRP3 inhibition in diseases with significant unmet medical need. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one of the most widely studied and best validated biological targets in innate immunity. Activation of NLRP3 can be inhibited with MCC950, resulting in efficacy in more than 100 nonclinical models of inflammatory diseases. As several next-generation NLRP3 inhibitors are entering proof-of-concept clinical trials in 2020, a review of the pharmacology of MCC950 is timely and significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Corcoran
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (S.E.C.); Inflazome, D6 Grain House, Mill Court, Great Shelford, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.H., M.A.C.); and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia (M.A.C.)
| | - Reena Halai
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (S.E.C.); Inflazome, D6 Grain House, Mill Court, Great Shelford, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.H., M.A.C.); and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia (M.A.C.)
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (S.E.C.); Inflazome, D6 Grain House, Mill Court, Great Shelford, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.H., M.A.C.); and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia (M.A.C.)
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22
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Rolfes V, Ribeiro LS, Hawwari I, Böttcher L, Rosero N, Maasewerd S, Santos MLS, Próchnicki T, Silva CMDS, Wanderley CWDS, Rothe M, Schmidt SV, Stunden HJ, Bertheloot D, Rivas MN, Fontes CJ, Carvalho LH, Cunha FQ, Latz E, Arditi M, Franklin BS. Platelets Fuel the Inflammasome Activation of Innate Immune Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107615. [PMID: 32402278 PMCID: PMC7225754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasomes control the bioactivity of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family. The inflammasome assembled by NLRP3 has been predominantly studied in homogeneous cell populations in vitro, neglecting the influence of cellular interactions that occur in vivo. Here, we show that platelets boost the inflammasome capacity of human macrophages and neutrophils and are critical for IL-1 production by monocytes. Platelets license NLRP3 transcription, thereby enhancing ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 activity, and IL-1β secretion. Platelets influence IL-1β production in vivo, and blood platelet counts correlate with plasmatic IL-1β levels in malaria. Furthermore, we reveal an enriched platelet gene signature among the highest-expressed transcripts in IL-1β-driven autoinflammatory diseases. The platelet effect is independent of cell-to-cell contact, platelet-derived lipid mediators, purines, nucleic acids, and a host of platelet cytokines, and it involves the triggering of calcium-sensing receptors on macrophages. Hence, platelets provide an additional layer of regulation of inflammasomes and IL-1-driven inflammation. Platelets license NLRP3 for inflammasome activattion in innate immune cells Platelets are required for optimal monocyte inflammasome activation Platelets shape IL-1β in vivo, and platelet counts correlate with IL-1β in plasma A constitutive, heat-sensitive soluble platelet-factor boost IL-1β in macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Rolfes
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Lucas Secchim Ribeiro
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim Hawwari
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Lisa Böttcher
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Nathalia Rosero
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Salie Maasewerd
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Marina Lima Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Malária, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tomasz Próchnicki
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Camila Meirelles de Souza Silva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Wagner de Souza Wanderley
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Rothe
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - H James Stunden
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cor Jesus Fontes
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Luzia Helena Carvalho
- Laboratório de Malária, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
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Therapeutic potential of the target on NLRP3 inflammasome in multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107880. [PMID: 33901504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein macromolecular complexes that typically comprise of three units, a sensor, an adaptor and procaspase-1. The assembly of each inflammasome is dictated by a unique pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or other endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the cytosol of the host cells, and promote the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 during the inflammatory process. Specific inflammasomes are involved in the host defense response against different pathogens, and the latter have evolved multiple corresponding mechanisms to inhibit inflammasome activation. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the best understood in terms of molecular mechanisms, and is a promising therapeutic target in immune-related disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination of white matter in the central nervous system, increased levels of IL-1β in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of relapsed patients, and deposition of caspase-1 in the spinal cord. The direct involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the occurrence and development of MS was ascertained in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. In this review, we have focused on the mechanisms underlying activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in MS or EAE, as well as inhibitors that specifically target the complex and alleviate disease progression, in order to unearth new therapeutic strategies against MS.
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24
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NLRP3 as a sensor of metabolism gone awry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 68:300-309. [PMID: 33862489 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an important player in innate immunity and pathogenic inflammation. Numerous studies have implicated it in sensing endogenous danger signals, yet the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge on the organismal and cellular metabolic triggers engaging NLRP3, and the mechanisms involved in integrating the diverse signals.
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25
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Choudhury SKM, Ma X, Abdullah SW, Zheng H. Activation and Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by RNA Viruses. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1145-1163. [PMID: 33814921 PMCID: PMC8009543 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s295706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation refers to the response of the immune system to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, or other foreign particles in the body, which can involve the production of a wide array of soluble inflammatory mediators. It is important for the development of many RNA virus-infected diseases. The primary factors through which the infection becomes inflammation involve inflammasome. Inflammasomes are proteins complex that the activation is responsive to specific pathogens, host cell damage, and other environmental stimuli. Inflammasomes bring about the maturation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1β in order to mediate the innate immune defense mechanisms. Many RNA viruses and their components, such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 2B viroporin, the viral RNA of hepatitis C virus, the influenza virus M2 viroporin, the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) small hydrophobic (SH) viroporin, and the human rhinovirus (HRV) 2B viroporin can activate the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to influence the inflammatory response. On the other hand, several viruses use virus-encoded proteins to suppress inflammation activation, such as the influenza virus NS1 protein and the measles virus (MV) V protein. In this review, we summarize how RNA virus infection leads to the activation or inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mohiuddin Choudhury
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - XuSheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiXue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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26
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Sena-dos-Santos C, Braga-da-Silva C, Marques D, Azevedo dos Santos Pinheiro J, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Cavalcante GC. Unraveling Cell Death Pathways during Malaria Infection: What Do We Know So Far? Cells 2021; 10:479. [PMID: 33672278 PMCID: PMC7926694 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic disease (caused by different Plasmodium species) that affects millions of people worldwide. The lack of effective malaria drugs and a vaccine contributes to this disease, continuing to cause major public health and socioeconomic problems, especially in low-income countries. Cell death is implicated in malaria immune responses by eliminating infected cells, but it can also provoke an intense inflammatory response and lead to severe malaria outcomes. The study of the pathophysiological role of cell death in malaria in mammalians is key to understanding the parasite-host interactions and design prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for malaria. In this work, we review malaria-triggered cell death pathways (apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, pyroptosis, NETosis, and ferroptosis) and we discuss their potential role in the development of new approaches for human malaria therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Sena-dos-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Cíntia Braga-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Diego Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Jhully Azevedo dos Santos Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C. Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
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27
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Vong CT, Tseng HHL, Yao P, Yu H, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors: promising therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1394-1408. [PMID: 33636340 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity serves as a first line of defence against danger signals, invading pathogens and microbes. The inflammasomes, as pattern recognition receptors, sense these danger signals to initiate pro-inflammatory cascades. The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most well characterised inflammasome, and its aberrant activation is implicated in many inflammatory diseases. In the past decade, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome has become an emerging strategy for inflammatory diseases. To avoid off-target immunosuppressive effects, specific NLRP3 inhibitors have been developed and show promising therapeutic effects. This review discusses the therapeutic effects and clinical perspectives of specific NLRP3 inhibitors, as well as recent progress in the development of these inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hisa Hui Ling Tseng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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28
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Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020313. [PMID: 33669824 PMCID: PMC7923022 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all domains of life, ranging from bacteria, plants and animals, including humans. The importance of ROS for macrophage-mediated immunity is unquestioned. Their functions comprise direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and parasites as well as redox-regulation of immune signaling and induction of inflammasome activation. However, only a few studies have performed in-depth ROS analyses and even fewer have identified the precise redox-regulated target molecules. In this review, we will give a brief introduction to ROS and their sources in macrophages, summarize the versatile roles of ROS in direct and indirect antimicrobial immune defense, and provide an overview of commonly used ROS probes, scavengers and inhibitors.
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29
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Zhang H, Zahid A, Ismail H, Tang Y, Jin T, Tao J. An overview of disease models for NLRP3 inflammasome over-activation. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:429-446. [PMID: 33131335 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1844179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory reactions, including those mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, maintain the body's homeostasis by removing pathogens, repairing damaged tissues, and adapting to stressed environments. However, uncontrolled activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome tends to cause various diseases using different mechanisms. Recently, many inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome have been reported and many are being developed. In order to assess their efficacy, specificity, and mechanism of action, the screening process of inhibitors requires various types of cell and animal models of NLRP3-associated diseases.Areas covered: In the following review, the authors give an overview of the cell and animal models that have been used during the research and development of various inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Expert opinion: There are many NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, but most of the inhibitors have poor specificity and often influence other inflammatory pathways. The potential risk for cross-reaction is high; therefore, the development of highly specific inhibitors is essential. The selection of appropriate cell and animal models, and combined use of different models for the evaluation of these inhibitors can help to clarify the target specificity and therapeutic effects, which is beneficial for the development and application of drugs targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ayesha Zahid
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hazrat Ismail
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science. Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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30
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He X, Xia L, Tumas KC, Wu J, Su XZ. Type I Interferons and Malaria: A Double-Edge Sword Against a Complex Parasitic Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:594621. [PMID: 33344264 PMCID: PMC7738626 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.594621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are important cytokines playing critical roles in various infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Studies have also shown that IFN-Is exhibit 'conflicting' roles in malaria parasite infections. Malaria parasites have a complex life cycle with multiple developing stages in two hosts. Both the liver and blood stages of malaria parasites in a vertebrate host stimulate IFN-I responses. IFN-Is have been shown to inhibit liver and blood stage development, to suppress T cell activation and adaptive immune response, and to promote production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in animal models. Different parasite species or strains trigger distinct IFN-I responses. For example, a Plasmodium yoelii strain can stimulate a strong IFN-I response during early infection, whereas its isogenetic strain does not. Host genetic background also greatly influences IFN-I production during malaria infections. Consequently, the effects of IFN-Is on parasitemia and disease symptoms are highly variable depending on the combination of parasite and host species or strains. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, TLR9, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) coupled with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) are the major receptors for recognizing parasite nucleic acids (RNA/DNA) to trigger IFN-I responses. IFN-I levels in vivo are tightly regulated, and various novel molecules have been identified to regulate IFN-I responses during malaria infections. Here we review the major findings and progress in ligand recognition, signaling pathways, functions, and regulation of IFN-I responses during malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lu Xia
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keyla C. Tumas
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jian Wu
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xin-Zhuan Su
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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31
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Bucşan AN, Williamson KC. Setting the stage: The initial immune response to blood-stage parasites. Virulence 2020; 11:88-103. [PMID: 31900030 PMCID: PMC6961725 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1708053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals growing up in malaria endemic areas gradually develop protection against clinical malaria and passive transfer experiments in humans have demonstrated that this protection is mediated in part by protective antibodies. However, neither the target antigens, specific effector mechanisms, nor the role of continual parasite exposure have been elucidated, which complicates vaccine development. Progress has been made in defining the innate signaling pathways activated by parasite components, including DNA, RNA, hemozoin, and phospholipids, which initiate the immune response and will be the focus of this review. The challenge that remains within the field is to understand the role of these early responses in the development of protective adaptive responses that clear iRBC and block merozoite invasion so that optimal vaccines and therapeutics may be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Bucşan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kim C. Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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32
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Andrographolide inhibits IL-1β release in bone marrow-derived macrophages and monocyte infiltration in mouse knee joints induced by monosodium urate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 410:115341. [PMID: 33242555 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (AND) is the major diterpenoid in A. paniculata with wide clinical application and has been shown to be a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Gout is the leading inflammatory disease of the joints, and the deposition of urate in the articular cavity attracts immune cells that release inflammatory cytokines. Monosodium urate (MSU) is known to be one of the activators of the NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome. After activation, the NLRP3 inflammasome releases interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which causes the development of many inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether AND attenuates the release of IL-1β mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. The effects of AND were studied in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MSU and in mice with MSU-induced joint inflammation. AND suppressed MSU phagocytosis dose-dependently and markedly inhibited LPS- and MSU-induced IL-1β release in BMDMs. Moreover, AND pretreatment inhibited the LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome priming stage by inhibiting the IKK/NFκB signaling pathway, which resulted in decreased protein expression of NLRP3 and proIL-1β. AND induced HO-1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner and attenuated MSU-induced ROS generation. Silencing HO-1 mitigated AND inhibition of LPS/MSU-induced IL-1β release in J774A.1 cells. In addition, AND decreased MSU-mediated ASC binding to NLRP3. Oral administration of AND attenuated MSU-induced monocyte infiltration in mouse knee joints. These results suggest that the working mechanisms by which AND down-regulates MSU-induced joint inflammation might be via HO-1 induction and attenuation of ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and subsequent IL-1β release.
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33
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Rashidi M, Wicks IP, Vince JE. Inflammasomes and Cell Death: Common Pathways in Microparticle Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1003-1020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Seoane PI, Lee B, Hoyle C, Yu S, Lopez-Castejon G, Lowe M, Brough D. The NLRP3-inflammasome as a sensor of organelle dysfunction. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:191204. [PMID: 33044555 PMCID: PMC7543090 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse pathogen- and damage-associated stresses drive inflammation via activation of the multimolecular NLRP3-inflammasome complex. How the effects of diverse stimuli are integrated by the cell to regulate NLRP3 has been the subject of intense research, and yet an accepted unifying hypothesis for the control of NLRP3 remains elusive. Here, we review the literature on the effects of NLRP3-activating stimuli on subcellular organelles and conclude that a shared feature of NLRP3-activating stresses is an organelle dysfunction. In particular, we propose that the endosome may be more important than previously recognized as a signal-integrating hub for NLRP3 activation in response to many stimuli and may also link to the dysfunction of other organelles. In addition, NLRP3-inflammasome-activating stimuli trigger diverse posttranslational modifications of NLRP3 that are important in controlling its activation. Future research should focus on how organelles respond to specific NLRP3-activating stimuli, and how this relates to posttranslational modifications, to delineate the organellar control of NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Seoane
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bali Lee
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Hoyle
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shi Yu
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gloria Lopez-Castejon
- Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Correspondence to David Brough:
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Pereira LMN, Assis PA, de Araújo NM, Durso DF, Junqueira C, Ataíde MA, Pereira DB, Lien E, Fitzgerald KA, Zamboni DS, Golenbock DT, Gazzinelli RT. Caspase-8 mediates inflammation and disease in rodent malaria. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4596. [PMID: 32929083 PMCID: PMC7490701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies indicate that either the canonical or non-canonical pathways of inflammasome activation have a limited role on malaria pathogenesis. Here, we report that caspase-8 is a central mediator of systemic inflammation, septic shock in the Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice and the P. berghei-induced experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Importantly, our results indicate that the combined deficiencies of caspases-8/1/11 or caspase-8/gasdermin-D (GSDM-D) renders mice impaired to produce both TNFα and IL-1β and highly resistant to lethality in these models, disclosing a complementary, but independent role of caspase-8 and caspases-1/11/GSDM-D in the pathogenesis of malaria. Further, we find that monocytes from malaria patients express active caspases-1, -4 and -8 suggesting that these inflammatory caspases may also play a role in the pathogenesis of human disease. Inflammasome activation plays a role in malaria pathogenesis, but details aren’t well understood. Here, the authors show that caspase-8 is a central mediator of systemic inflammation in rodent malaria and that monocytes from malaria patients express active caspases-1, -4 and -8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M N Pereira
- Instituto Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Patrícia A Assis
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Natalia M de Araújo
- Instituto Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danielle F Durso
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Caroline Junqueira
- Instituto Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Ataíde
- Instituto Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Dhelio B Pereira
- Centro de Pesquisas em Medicina Tropical, FIOCRUZ-RO, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-329, Brazil
| | - Egil Lien
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Departamento de Biologia Celular Molecular e Bioagentes Patogenicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Instituto Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Instituto Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA. .,Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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36
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Jiang S, Xiao H, Wu Z, Yang Z, Ding B, Jin Z, Yang Y. NLRP3 sparks the Greek fire in the war against lipid-related diseases. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13045. [PMID: 32390276 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the obesity rate worldwide has reached epidemic proportions and contributed to the growing prevalence of lipid-related diseases. A strong link between inflammation and metabolism is becoming increasingly evident. Compelling evidence has indicated the activation of the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a cytoplasmic complex containing multiple proteins, in a variety of lipid-related diseases including obesity, atherosclerosis, liver diseases, and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have further clarified the regulatory mechanisms and the optional therapeutic agents that target NLRP3 inflammasomes. In this study, we review the recent progress in the research on NLRP3 inflammasomes and discuss their implications for a better understanding of inflammation in lipid-related disease and the prospects of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoxiang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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The C-type Lectin Receptor CLEC12A Recognizes Plasmodial Hemozoin and Contributes to Cerebral Malaria Development. Cell Rep 2020; 28:30-38.e5. [PMID: 31269448 PMCID: PMC6616648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria represents a major cause of death from infectious disease. Hemozoin is a Plasmodium-derived product that contributes to progression of cerebral malaria. However, there is a gap of knowledge regarding how hemozoin is recognized by innate immunity. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) encompass a family of carbohydrate-binding receptors that act as pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity. In the present study, we identify the CLR CLEC12A as a receptor for hemozoin. Dendritic cell-T cell co-culture assays indicate that the CLEC12A/hemozoin interaction enhances CD8+ T cell cross-priming. Using the Plasmodium berghei Antwerpen-Kasapa (ANKA) mouse model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), we find that CLEC12A deficiency protects mice from ECM, illustrated by reduced ECM incidence and ameliorated clinical symptoms. In conclusion, we identify CLEC12A as an innate sensor of plasmodial hemozoin. CLEC12A recognizes plasmodial hemozoin The CLEC12A/hemozoin interaction enhances CD8+ T cell cross-priming in vitro CLEC12A−/− mice are protected from experimental cerebral malaria
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Sun X, Pang H, Li J, Luo S, Huang G, Li X, Xie Z, Zhou Z. The NLRP3 Inflammasome and Its Role in T1DM. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1595. [PMID: 32973739 PMCID: PMC7481449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome is a protein complex expressed in cells. It detects danger signals and induces the production of active caspase-1 and the maturation and release of IL (interleukin)-33, IL-18, IL-1β and other cytokines. T1DM (type 1 diabetes mellitus) is defined as a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the autoreactive T cell-mediated elimination of insulin-positive pancreatic beta-cells. Although the exact underlying mechanisms are obscure, researchers have proposed that both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of T1DM. Furthermore, immune responses, including innate and adaptive immunity, play an important role in this process. Recently, the NLRP3 inflammasome, a critical component of innate immunity, was reported to be associated with T1DM. Here, we review the assembly and function of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, the activation and regulatory mechanisms that enhance or attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome activation are discussed. Finally, we focus on the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and T1DM, as well as its potential value for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Haipeng Pang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Shuoming Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
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Rahman T, Nagar A, Duffy EB, Okuda K, Silverman N, Harton JA. NLRP3 Sensing of Diverse Inflammatory Stimuli Requires Distinct Structural Features. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1828. [PMID: 32983094 PMCID: PMC7479093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is central to host defense and implicated in various inflammatory diseases and conditions. While the favored paradigm of NLRP3 inflammasome activation stipulates a unifying signal intermediate that de-represses NLRP3, this view has not been tested. Further, structures within NLRP3 required for inflammasome activation are poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that while the NLRP3 LRRs are not auto-repressive and are not required for inflammasome activation by all agonists, distinct sequences within the NLRP3 LRRs positively and negatively modulate inflammasome activation by specific ligands. In addition, elements within the HD1/HD2 “hinge” of NLRP3 and the nucleotide-binding domain have contrasting functions depending upon the specific agonists. Further, while NLRP3 1–432 is minimally sufficient for inflammasome activation by all agonists tested, the pyrin, and linker domains (1–134) function cooperatively and are sufficient for inflammasome activation by certain agonists. Conserved cysteines 8 and 108 appear important for inflammasome activation by sterile, but not infectious insults. Our results define common and agonist-specific regions of NLRP3 that likely mediate ligand-specific responses, discount the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome activation has a unified mechanism, and implicate NLRP3 as an integrator of agonist-specific, inflammasome activating signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Rahman
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Abhinit Nagar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Ellen B Duffy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Kendi Okuda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Neal Silverman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan A Harton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Particles from the Echinococcus granulosus Laminated Layer. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00190-20. [PMID: 32571988 PMCID: PMC7440765 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00190-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of dendritic cells and macrophages with a variety of rigid noncellular particles triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and consequent secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Noncellular particles can also be generated in the context of helminth infection, since these large pathogens often shed their outermost structures during growth and/or molting. One such structure is the massive, mucin-based, soft, flexible laminated layer (LL), which protects the larval stages of cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. The interaction of dendritic cells and macrophages with a variety of rigid noncellular particles triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and consequent secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Noncellular particles can also be generated in the context of helminth infection, since these large pathogens often shed their outermost structures during growth and/or molting. One such structure is the massive, mucin-based, soft, flexible laminated layer (LL), which protects the larval stages of cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. We show that particles from the Echinococcus granulosus LL (pLL) trigger NLRP3- and caspase-1-dependent IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC). This response can be elicited by pLL too large for phagocytosis and nonetheless requires actin dynamics, Syk, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). These three requirements had already been observed in our previous study on the alteration by pLL of CD86, CD40, IL-10, and IL-12 responses to LPS in BMDC; however, we now show that these alterations are independent of NLRP3 and caspase-1. In other words, an initial interaction with particles requiring actin dynamics, Syk, and PI3K, but not phagocytosis, elicits both NLRP3-dependent and NLRP3-independent responses. Intraperitoneal injection of pLL induced IL-1β, suggesting that contact with LL materials induces IL-1β in the E. granulosus infection setting. Our results extend our understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by noncellular particulate materials both to helminth-derived materials and to flexible/soft materials.
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41
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Hamarsheh S, Zeiser R. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Cancer: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1444. [PMID: 32733479 PMCID: PMC7360837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in tumor development and progression as well as antitumor response to therapy. In the past decade, the crosstalk between inflammation, immunity, and cancer has been investigated extensively, which led to the identification of several underlying mechanisms and cells involved. The formation of inflammasome complexes leads to the activation of caspase-1, production of interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 and pyroptosis. Multiple studies have shown the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in tumorigenesis. Conversely, other reports have indicated a protective role in certain cancers. In this review, we summarize these contradictory roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer, shed the light on oncogenic signaling leading to NLRP3 activation and IL-1β production and outline the current knowledge on therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaima'a Hamarsheh
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS) and Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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42
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Does NLRP3 Inflammasome and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Play an Interlinked Role in Bowel Inflammation and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102427. [PMID: 32456012 PMCID: PMC7287590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark in many forms of cancer; with colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) being a progressive intestinal inflammation due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While this is an exemplification of the negatives of inflammation, it is just as crucial to have some degree of the inflammatory process to maintain a healthy immune system. A pivotal component in the maintenance of such intestinal homeostasis is the innate immunity component, inflammasomes. Inflammasomes are large, cytosolic protein complexes formed following stimulation of microbial and stress signals that lead to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been extensively studied in part due to its strong association with colitis and CAC. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has recently been acknowledged for its connection to the immune system aside from its role as an environmental sensor. AhR has been described to play a role in the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway. This review will summarise the signalling pathways of both the NLRP3 inflammasome and AhR; as well as new-found links between these two signalling pathways in intestinal immunity and some potential therapeutic agents that have been found to take advantage of this link in the treatment of colitis and CAC.
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43
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Chevriaux A, Pilot T, Derangère V, Simonin H, Martine P, Chalmin F, Ghiringhelli F, Rébé C. Cathepsin B Is Required for NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages, Through NLRP3 Interaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:167. [PMID: 32328491 PMCID: PMC7162607 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to NOD-leucine rich repeat and pyrin containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation are still debated. It is well established that oligomerized NLRP3 interacts with apoptosis associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD domain (ASC) which polymerizes into filaments recruiting procaspase-1, leading to its activation. However, pathways triggering NLRP3 activation, such as potassium efflux, ROS production or lysosomal permeabilization, can be required or not, depending on the activators used. Here we proposed to evaluate the importance of Cathepsin B on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. Using Cathepsin B–/– BMDMs (Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages), we first show that Cathepsin B is required for caspase-1 activation, IL-1β production and ASC speck formation, upon treatment with different types of NLRP3 activators, i.e., ATP, nigericin or crystals. Moreover, in these conditions, Cathepsin B interacts with NLRP3 at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) level. To conclude, different NLRP3 activators lead to Cathepsin B interaction with NLRP3 at the ER level and to subsequent caspase-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Chevriaux
- INSERM Lipid Nutrition and Cancer UMR 1231, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Pilot
- INSERM Lipid Nutrition and Cancer UMR 1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Valentin Derangère
- INSERM Lipid Nutrition and Cancer UMR 1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France
| | - Harmonie Simonin
- INSERM Lipid Nutrition and Cancer UMR 1231, Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Martine
- INSERM Lipid Nutrition and Cancer UMR 1231, Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France
| | - Fanny Chalmin
- INSERM Lipid Nutrition and Cancer UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- INSERM Lipid Nutrition and Cancer UMR 1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France
| | - Cédric Rébé
- INSERM Lipid Nutrition and Cancer UMR 1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France
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44
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de Carvalho RVH, Zamboni DS. Inflammasome Activation in Response to Intracellular Protozoan Parasites. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:459-472. [PMID: 32298633 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic complexes that assemble in response to cellular stress or upon sensing microbial molecules, culminating in cytokine processing and an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are usually composed of a sensor molecule, an adaptor protein, and an inflammatory caspase, such as Caspase-1, which cleaves and activates multiple substrates, including Gasdermin-D, pro-IL-1β, and pro-IL-18. Ultimately, inflammasome activation promotes inflammation and restriction of the microbial infection. In recent years, many studies have addressed the role of inflammasomes during fungal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases, revealing sophisticated aspects of the host-pathogen interaction. In this review, we summarize recent advances on inflammasome activation in response to intracellular parasites, including Leishmania spp., Plasmodium spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, and Toxoplasma gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan V H de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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45
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Lacey CA, Miao EA. Programmed Cell Death in the Evolutionary Race against Bacterial Virulence Factors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036459. [PMID: 31501197 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune sensors can recognize when host cells are irrevocably compromised by pathogens, and in response can trigger programmed cell death (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis). Innate sensors can directly bind microbial ligands; for example, NAIP/NLRC4 detects flagellin/rod/needle, whereas caspase-11 detects lipopolysaccharide. Other sensors are guards that monitor normal function of cellular proteins; for instance, pyrin monitors Rho GTPases, whereas caspase-8 and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3 guards RIPK1 transcriptional signaling. Some proteins that need to be guarded can be duplicated as decoy domains, as seen in the integrated decoy domains within NLRP1 that watch for microbial attack. Here, we discuss the evolutionary battle between pathogens and host innate immune sensors/guards, illustrated by the Red Queen hypothesis. We discuss in depth four pathogens, and how they either fail in this evolutionary race (Chromobacterium violaceum, Burkholderia thailandensis), or how the evolutionary race generates increasingly complex virulence factors and host innate immune signaling pathways (Yersinia species, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli [EPEC]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Lacey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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46
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Babatunde KA, Yesodha Subramanian B, Ahouidi AD, Martinez Murillo P, Walch M, Mantel PY. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cellular Cross Talk in Malaria. Front Immunol 2020; 11:22. [PMID: 32082312 PMCID: PMC7005784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria infection caused by the Plasmodium species is a complex disease in which a fine balance between host and parasite factors determine the disease severity. While in some individuals, the infection will trigger only a mild and uncomplicated disease, other individuals will develop severe complications which lead to death. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by infected red blood cells (iRBCs), as well as other host cells, are important regulators of the balance that determines the disease outcome. In addition, EVs constitute a robust mode of cell-to-cell communication by transferring signaling cargoes between parasites, and between parasites and host, without requiring cellular contact. The transfer of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA through EVs not only modulate the immune response, it also mediates cellular communication between parasites to synchronize the transmission stage. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding EV roles during malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Adebayo Babatunde
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Ambroise Dioum Ahouidi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology, Le Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.,Institute for Health Research, Epidemiological Surveillance and Training (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Michael Walch
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Mantel
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Gouravani M, Khalili N, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Khalili N, Rezaei N. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a therapeutic target for inflammation-associated cancers. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:175-187. [PMID: 31928260 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1713755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammasomes are large multimeric intracellular complexes that are capable of maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, in response to danger signal molecules. As a member of the inflammasome family, the NLRP3 inflammasome has recently been under intense investigation revealing its possible role in several human diseases especially cancers.Areas covered: In this review, we will discuss the biology and mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, its role in specific types of tumors and the novel therapeutic modalities targeting this complex.Expert opinion: The NLRP3 inflammasome and its components including the adapter apoptosis-associated speck-like (ASC) protein and caspase-1 impose different and sometimes contrasting effects in tumorigenesis depending on various contexts. Considering the novel role of this complex in the initiation and progression of neoplasia, the NLRP3 inflammasome and its pathways provide desirable therapeutic targets for prevention, treatment, and prognosis of certain types of cancer. To date, several agents have been introduced for this purpose, some of which have shown promising results in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Gouravani
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Khalili
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK
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48
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Li C, Guo S, Pang W, Zhao Z. Crosstalk Between Acid Sphingomyelinase and Inflammasome Signaling and Their Emerging Roles in Tissue Injury and Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:378. [PMID: 32010692 PMCID: PMC6971222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of protein complexes that are assembled by pattern recognition receptors following the recognition of invading pathogens or host-derived danger signals. Inflammasomes such as NLRP3 mediate the activation of caspase-1 and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β. Regulation of inflammasome signaling is critical for host defense against infections and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon exposure to multiple harmful stimuli. Recent studies have highlighted an important role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in regulating inflammasome activation. ASM hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide, which further fuses to large ceramide-enriched platforms functioning in stabilizing and amplifying molecules and receptors. Here, we will discuss the current understanding of the ASM-ceramide system in inflammasome activation, and how it contributes to multiple diseases. Insights into such mechanisms would pave the way for further exploration of novel diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic targets against tissue injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Dobbs KR, Crabtree JN, Dent AE. Innate immunity to malaria-The role of monocytes. Immunol Rev 2020; 293:8-24. [PMID: 31840836 PMCID: PMC6986449 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells essential for host protection against malaria. Upon activation, monocytes function to help reduce parasite burden through phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. However, monocytes have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe disease through production of damaging inflammatory cytokines, resulting in systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Understanding the molecular pathways influencing the balance between protection and pathology is critical. In this review, we discuss recent data regarding the role of monocytes in human malaria, including studies of innate sensing of the parasite, immunometabolism, and innate immune training. Knowledge gained from these studies may guide rational development of novel antimalarial therapies and inform vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Dobbs
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juliet N. Crabtree
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Arlene E. Dent
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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50
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Zhi X, Zhang Y, Sun S, Zhang Z, Dong H, Luo X, Wei Y, Lu Z, Dou Y, Wu R, Jiang Z, Weng C, Seong Seo H, Guo H. NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection mainly induced by viral RNA and non-structural protein 2B. RNA Biol 2019; 17:335-349. [PMID: 31840571 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1700058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a positive-strand RNA virus of the family Picornaviridae. Early studies show that some viruses of Picornaviridae, such as EMCV and EV71, induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our current study demonstrates that FMDV induces the secretion of caspase-1 and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), as well as activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, NLRP3 inflammasome can suppress FMDV replication during virus infection. Both FMDV RNA and viroporin 2B stimulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. FMDV RNA triggers NLRP3 inflammasome through p-NF-κB/p65 pathway not dependent on RIG-I inflammasome. FMDV 2B activates NLRP3 inflammasome through elevation of intracellular ion, but not dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lysosomal cathepsin B. It further demonstrates that 2B viroporin activates NLRP3 inflammasome and induces IL-1β in mice, which enhances the specific immune response against FMDV as an ideal self-adjuvant for FMD VLPs vaccine in guinea pigs. The results reveal a series of regulations between NLRP3 inflammasome complex and FMDV. Amino acids 140-145 of 2B is essential for forming an ion channel. By mutating the amino acid and changing the hydrophobic properties, the helical transmembrane region of the viroporin 2B is altered, so that the 2B is insufficient to trigger the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. This study demonstrates the functions of FMDV RNA and 2B viroporin activate NLRP3 inflammasome and provides some useful information for the development of FMD vaccine self-adjuvant, which is also helpful for the establishment of effective prevention strategies by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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