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Prickler L, Baranyi U, Mengrelis K, Weijler AM, Kainz V, Kratzer B, Steiner R, Mucha J, Rudoph E, Pilat N, Bohle B, Strobl H, Pickl WF, Valenta R, Linhart B, Wekerle T. Adoptive transfer of allergen-expressing B cells prevents IgE-mediated allergy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286638. [PMID: 38077381 PMCID: PMC10703460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prophylactic strategies to prevent the development of allergies by establishing tolerance remain an unmet medical need. We previously reported that the transfer of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) expressing the major timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5, on their cell surface induced allergen-specific tolerance in mice. In this study, we investigated the ability of allergen-expressing immune cells (dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells) to induce allergen-specific tolerance in naive mice and identified CD19+ B cells as promising candidates for allergen-specific cell therapy. Methods For this purpose, CD19+ B cells were isolated from Phl p 5-transgenic BALB/c mice and transferred to naive BALB/c mice, pre-treated with a short course of rapamycin and an anti-CD40L antibody. Subsequently, the mice were subcutaneously sensitized three times at 4-week intervals to Phl p 5 and Bet v 1 as an unrelated control allergen. Allergen-expressing cells were followed in the blood to monitor molecular chimerism, and sera were analyzed for Phl p 5- and Bet v 1-specific IgE and IgG1 levels by RBL assay and ELISA, respectively. In vivo allergen-induced lung inflammation was measured by whole-body plethysmography, and mast cell degranulation was determined by skin testing. Results The transfer of purified Phl p 5-expressing CD19+ B cells to naive BALB/c mice induced B cell chimerism for up to three months and prevented the development of Phl p 5-specific IgE and IgG1 antibody responses for a follow-up period of 26 weeks. Since Bet v 1 but not Phl p 5-specific antibodies were detected, the induction of tolerance was specific for Phl p 5. Whole-body plethysmography revealed preserved lung function in CD19+ B cell-treated mice in contrast to sensitized mice, and there was no Phl p 5-induced mast cell degranulation in treated mice. Discussion Thus, we demonstrated that the transfer of Phl p 5-expressing CD19+ B cells induces allergen-specific tolerance in a mouse model of grass pollen allergy. This approach could be further translated into a prophylactic regimen for the prevention of IgE-mediated allergy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Prickler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Baranyi
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantinos Mengrelis
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Marianne Weijler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Kainz
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romy Steiner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Mucha
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Rudoph
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried Franz Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, National Research Center (NRC), Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Cassano A, Chong AS, Alegre ML. Tregs in transplantation tolerance: role and therapeutic potential. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1217065. [PMID: 38993904 PMCID: PMC11235334 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1217065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are indispensable for preventing autoimmunity, and they play a role in cancer and transplantation settings by restraining immune responses. In this review, we describe evidence for the importance of Tregs in the induction versus maintenance of transplantation tolerance, discussing insights into mechanisms of Treg control of the alloimmune response. Further, we address the therapeutic potential of Tregs as a clinical intervention after transplantation, highlighting engineered CAR-Tregs as well as expansion of donor and host Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cassano
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Zhang Y, Yang M, Jia G, Deng S, Lei J, Markmann J, Zhao G. In vivo induction of regulatory T cells by anti-CD45RB antibody causes transferable tolerance to discordant human xenogenic islets. Xenotransplantation 2022; 29:e12778. [PMID: 36125404 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of diabetes by islet cell transplantation has become an accepted therapy, with transplantation of xenogeneic islet cells an attractive alternative to the problem. Previous studies in mice have demonstrated that anti-CD45RB induce immune tolerance in human pancreatic islet cells. The current study was to define the mechanism of action of anti-CD45RB induced nonspecific immune tolerance to heteroantigens. METHODS A total of 1500 IEQ human islets were transplanted to diabetic B6μMT-/- mice, B6 mice, and μMT-/- diabetic mice undergoing thymectomy. These mice were treated short-term with doses of anti-CD45RB. CD4+Foxp3+Tregs were detected in the blood, peripheral lymphatic organs by flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, anti-CD25 mAb was administered to tolerant human islet cells B6μMT-/-mice. Mice then were transplanted with other human islet cells and received CD4+CD25+Tregs isolated from tolerant human islets mice to observe islet destruction. RESULTS Anti-CD45RB treatment-induced tolerance to islets in both immunocompetent and B-cell-deficient mice (μMT-/- mice) by processes that were dependent on CD25+ Tregs, but not B cells. Anti-CD45RB treatment increased the number of CD4+Foxp3+Tregs cells. Anti-CD45RB treatment-induced immune tolerance that was antigen nonspecific, with Tregs playing an important role. Anti-CD45RB treatment-induced tolerance generated Tregs that could be transferred to another individual to manifest nonspecific immune tolerance. CONCLUSION The results of the experiment suggest that anti-CD45RB induced tolerance to human islet xenografts is mediated by the proliferation of Tregs. These tolerogenic Tregs can be transferred to other mice and induce nonspecific immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Maozhu Yang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiqing Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Lei
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Markmann
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gaoping Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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4
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Muckenhuber M, Wekerle T, Schwarz C. Costimulation blockade and Tregs in solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969633. [PMID: 36119115 PMCID: PMC9478950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance and in containing allo-immune responses in the context of transplantation. Recent advances yielded the approval of the first pharmaceutical costimulation blockers (abatacept and belatacept), with more of them in the pipeline. These costimulation blockers inhibit effector cells with high clinical efficacy to control disease activity, but might inadvertently also affect Tregs. Treg homeostasis is controlled by a complex network of costimulatory and coinhibitory signals, including CD28, the main target of abatacept/belatacept, and CTLA4, PD-1 and ICOS. This review shall give an overview on what effects the therapeutic manipulation of costimulation has on Treg function in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Muckenhuber
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Thomas Wekerle, ; Christoph Schwarz,
| | - Christoph Schwarz
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Thomas Wekerle, ; Christoph Schwarz,
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5
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Zhou Q, Li T, Wang K, Zhang Q, Geng Z, Deng S, Cheng C, Wang Y. Current status of xenotransplantation research and the strategies for preventing xenograft rejection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928173. [PMID: 35967435 PMCID: PMC9367636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is often the last resort for end-stage organ failures, e.g., kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. The shortage of donor organs is the main limiting factor for successful transplantation in humans. Except living donations, other alternatives are needed, e.g., xenotransplantation of pig organs. However, immune rejection remains the major challenge to overcome in xenotransplantation. There are three different xenogeneic types of rejections, based on the responses and mechanisms involved. It includes hyperacute rejection (HAR), delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) and chronic rejection. DXR, sometimes involves acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHR) and cellular xenograft rejection (CXR), which cannot be strictly distinguished from each other in pathological process. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the mechanism of these immunological rejections and summarized the strategies for preventing them, such as generation of gene knock out donors by different genome editing tools and the use of immunosuppressive regimens. We also addressed organ-specific barriers and challenges needed to pave the way for clinical xenotransplantation. Taken together, this information will benefit the current immunological research in the field of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenjiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronics and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuowen Geng
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Chunming Cheng, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunming Cheng, ; Yi Wang,
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6
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Hu M, Hawthorne WJ, Yi S, O’Connell PJ. Cellular Immune Responses in Islet Xenograft Rejection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893985. [PMID: 35874735 PMCID: PMC9300897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine islets surviving the acute injury caused by humoral rejection and IBMIR will be subjected to cellular xenograft rejection, which is predominately mediated by CD4+ T cells and is characterised by significant infiltration of macrophages, B cells and T cells (CD4+ and CD8+). Overall, the response is different compared to the alloimmune response and more difficult to suppress. Activation of CD4+ T cells is both by direct and indirect antigen presentation. After activation they recruit macrophages and direct B cell responses. Although they are less important than CD4+ T cells in islet xenograft rejection, macrophages are believed to be a major effector cell in this response. Rodent studies have shown that xenoantigen-primed and CD4+ T cell-activated macrophages were capable of recognition and rejection of pancreatic islet xenografts, and they destroyed a graft via the secretion of various proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and complement factors. B cells are an important mediator of islet xenograft rejection via xenoantigen presentation, priming effector T cells and producing xenospecific antibodies. Depletion and/or inhibition of B cells combined with suppressing T cells has been suggested as a promising strategy for induction of xeno-donor-specific T- and B-cell tolerance in islet xenotransplantation. Thus, strategies that expand the influence of regulatory T cells and inhibit and/or reduce macrophage and B cell responses are required for use in combination with clinical applicable immunosuppressive agents to achieve effective suppression of the T cell-initiated xenograft response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wayne J. Hawthorne
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shounan Yi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J. O’Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Philip J. O’Connell,
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7
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Zhao Y, Hu W, Chen P, Cao M, Zhang Y, Zeng C, Hara H, Cooper DKC, Mou L, Luan S, Gao H. Immunosuppressive and metabolic agents that influence allo‐ and xenograft survival by in vivo expansion of T regulatory cells. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12640. [PMID: 32892428 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center Institute of Translational Medicine Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen Second People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | | | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Mengtao Cao
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Yingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - David K. C. Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center Institute of Translational Medicine Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen Second People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Shaodong Luan
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center Institute of Translational Medicine Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen Second People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
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8
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Madelon N, Montanari E, Gruaz L, Pimenta J, Muller YD, Bühler LH, Puga Yung GL, Seebach JD. Prolongation of rat-to-mouse islets xenograft survival by co-transplantation of autologous IL-10 differentiated murine tolerogenic dendritic cells. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12584. [PMID: 31984564 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) represent a promising approach to promote transplantation tolerance. In this study, the potential of autologous bone marrow (BM)-derived murine DC to protect rat-to-mouse islets xenografts was analyzed. METHODS Tolerogenic DCs were generated by differentiating BM cells in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 10 (IL-10, IL-10 DC). The phenotype of IL-10 DC was characterized in vitro by expression of costimulatory/inhibitory molecules (flow cytometry) and cytokines (Luminex and ELISA), their function by phagocytosis and T-cell stimulation assays. To study transplant tolerance in vivo, rat islets were transplanted alone or in combination with autologous murine IL-10 DC under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Xenograft survival was evaluated by monitoring glycemia, cellular infiltration of xenografts by microscopy and flow cytometry 10 days post-transplantation. RESULTS Compared with control DC, IL-10 DC exhibited lower levels of major histocompatibility complex class II, costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD86, CD205), lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12p70, TNF, IL-6), and higher production of IL-10. Phagocytosis of xenogeneic rat splenocytes was not impaired in IL-10 DC, whereas stimulation of T-cell proliferation was reduced in the presence of IL-10 DC. Xenograft survival of rat islets in diabetic mice co-transplanted with autologous murine IL-10 DC was significantly prolonged from 12 to 21 days, without additional immunosuppressive treatment. Overall, infiltration of xenografts by T cells and myeloid cells was not different in IL-10 DC recipient mice, but enriched for CD8+ T cells and myeloid cells with suppressor-associated phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Autologous IL-10-differentiated DC with tolerogenic properties prolong rat-to-mouse islets xenograft survival, potentially by locally inducing immune regulatory cells, indicating their potential for regulatory immune cell therapy in xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Madelon
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Montanari
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lyssia Gruaz
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joel Pimenta
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yannick D Muller
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leo H Bühler
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gisella L Puga Yung
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Yoon I, Chung H, Kim H, Nam H, Shin J, Kim Y, Park C. Peri‐graft porcine‐specific CD4
+
FoxP3
+
regulatory T cells by CD40‐CD154 blockade prevented the rejection of porcine islet graft in diabetic mice. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12533. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il‐Hee Yoon
- VHS Veterans Medical Research Institute VHS Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Chung
- Xenotransplantation Research Center Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun‐Je Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School Seoul Korea
| | - Hye‐Young Nam
- Xenotransplantation Research Center Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Jun‐Seop Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Yong‐Hee Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School Seoul Korea
| | - Chung‐Gyu Park
- Xenotransplantation Research Center Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School Seoul Korea
- Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
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10
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Landwehr-Kenzel S, Zobel A, Hoffmann H, Landwehr N, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Schachtner T, Roemhild A, Reinke P. Ex vivo expanded natural regulatory T cells from patients with end-stage renal disease or kidney transplantation are useful for autologous cell therapy. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1452-1464. [PMID: 29792274 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel concepts employing autologous, ex vivo expanded natural regulatory T cells (nTreg) for adoptive transfer has potential to prevent organ rejection after kidney transplantation. However, the impact of dialysis and maintenance immunosuppression on the nTreg phenotype and peripheral survival is not well understood, but essential when assessing patient eligibility. The current study investigates regulatory T-cells in dialysis and kidney transplanted patients and the feasibility of generating a clinically useful nTreg product from these patients. Heparinized blood from 200 individuals including healthy controls, dialysis patients with end stage renal disease and patients 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 years after kidney transplantation were analyzed. Differentiation and maturation of nTregs were studied by flow cytometry in order to compare dialysis patients and kidney transplanted patients under maintenance immunosuppression to healthy controls. CD127 expressing CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ nTregs were detectable at increased frequencies in dialysis patients with no negative impact on the nTreg end product quality and therapeutic usefulness of the ex vivo expanded nTregs. Further, despite that immunosuppression mildly altered nTreg maturation, neither dialysis nor pharmacological immunosuppression or previous acute rejection episodes impeded nTreg survival in vivo. Accordingly, the generation of autologous, highly pure nTreg products is feasible and qualifies patients awaiting or having received allogenic kidney transplantation for adoptive nTreg therapy. Thus, our novel treatment approach may enable us to reduce the incidence of organ rejection and reduce the need of long-term immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pneumonology and Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anne Zobel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Renal and Transplant Research Unit, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrike Hoffmann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Landwehr
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Department for Computer Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Renal and Transplant Research Unit, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schachtner
- Renal and Transplant Research Unit, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy Roemhild
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Renal and Transplant Research Unit, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Meier RPH, Muller YD, Balaphas A, Morel P, Pascual M, Seebach JD, Buhler LH. Xenotransplantation: back to the future? Transpl Int 2018; 31:465-477. [PMID: 29210109 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The field of xenotransplantation has fluctuated between great optimism and doubts over the last 50 years. The initial clinical attempts were extremely ambitious but faced technical and ethical issues that prompted the research community to go back to preclinical studies. Important players left the field due to perceived xenozoonotic risks and the lack of progress in pig-to-nonhuman-primate transplant models. Initial apparently unsurmountable issues appear now to be possible to overcome due to progress of genetic engineering, allowing the generation of multiple-xenoantigen knockout pigs that express human transgenes and the genomewide inactivation of porcine endogenous retroviruses. These important steps forward were made possible by new genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, allowing researchers to precisely remove or insert genes anywhere in the genome. An additional emerging perspective is the possibility of growing humanized organs in pigs using blastocyst complementation. This article summarizes the current advances in xenotransplantation research in nonhuman primates, and it describes the newly developed genome editing technology tools and interspecific organ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P H Meier
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yannick D Muller
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland.,Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Balaphas
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leo H Buhler
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Chabert C, Laporte C, Fertin A, Tubbs E, Cottet-Rousselle C, Rivera F, Orhant-Prioux M, Moisan A, Fontaine E, Benhamou PY, Lablanche S. New Automatized Method of 3D Multiculture Viability Analysis Based on Confocal Imagery: Application to Islets and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Co-Encapsulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:272. [PMID: 29887835 PMCID: PMC5980978 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-encapsulation of pancreatic islets with mesenchymal stem cells in a three-dimensional biomaterial's structure is a promising technique to improve transplantation efficacy and to decrease immunosuppressant therapy. Currently, evaluation of graft quality after co-encapsulation is only based on insulin secretion. Viability measurement in a 3D conformation structure involving two different cell types is complex, mainly performed manually, highly time consuming and examiner dependent. Standardization of encapsulated graft viability analysis before transplantation is a key point for the translation of the method from the bench side to clinical practice. In this study, we developed an automated analysis of islet viability based on confocal pictures processing of cells stained with three probes (Hoechst, propidium iodide, and PKH67). When compared with results obtained manually by different examiners, viability results show a high degree of similarity (under 3% of difference) and a tight correlation (r = 0.894; p < 0.001) between these two techniques. The automated technique offers the advantage of reducing the analysis time by 6 and avoids the examiner's dependent variability factor. Thus, we developed a new efficient tool to standardize the analysis of islet viability in 3D structure involving several cell types, which is a key element for encapsulated graft analysis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Chabert
- Grenoble Alps University, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Environmental and System Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory «Adaptations au Climat Tropical, Exercice et Santé» (ACTES; EA 3596), French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- *Correspondence: Clovis Chabert,
| | - Camille Laporte
- Grenoble Alps University, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Environmental and System Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnold Fertin
- CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emily Tubbs
- Grenoble Alps University, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Environmental and System Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Cottet-Rousselle
- Grenoble Alps University, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Environmental and System Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Rivera
- Microsyst. for Biol. & Health Department, CEA-LETI, Grenoble, France
| | - Magali Orhant-Prioux
- Cell Therapy and Engineering Unit, EFS Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Saint Ismier, France
| | - Anaick Moisan
- Cell Therapy and Engineering Unit, EFS Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Saint Ismier, France
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Grenoble Alps University, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Environmental and System Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Benhamou
- Grenoble Alps University, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Environmental and System Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lablanche
- Grenoble Alps University, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Environmental and System Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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13
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Alessandrini A, Turka LA. FOXP3-Positive Regulatory T Cells and Kidney Allograft Tolerance. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 69:667-674. [PMID: 28049555 PMCID: PMC5403573 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Normal immune homeostasis is achieved by several mechanisms, and prominent among them is immunoregulation. Although several types of regulatory lymphocyte populations have been described, CD4 T cells expressing the FOXP3 transcription factor (FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells [FOXP3+ Tregs]) are the best understood. This population of cells is critical for maintaining self-tolerance throughout the life of the organism. FOXP3+ Tregs can develop within the thymus, but also under select circumstances, naive peripheral T cells can be induced to express FOXP3 and become stable Tregs as well. Abundant evidence from animal systems, as well as limited evidence in humans, implicates Tregs in transplant tolerance, although whether these Tregs recognize allo- or self-antigens is not clear. New translational approaches to promote immunosuppression minimization and/or actual tolerance are being designed to exploit these observations. These include strategies to boost the generation, maintenance, and stability of endogenous Tregs, as well as adoptive cellular therapy with exogenous Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alessandrini
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Laurence A Turka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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14
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Kumano K, Nishinakamura H, Mera T, Itoh T, Takahashi H, Fujiwara T, Kodama S. Pretreatment of donor islets with papain improves allograft survival without systemic immunosuppression in mice. Islets 2016; 8:145-55. [PMID: 27618231 PMCID: PMC5029203 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2016.1223579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although current immunosuppression protocols improve the efficacy of clinical allogenic islet transplantation, T cell-mediated allorejection remains unresolved, and major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) play a crucial role in this process. Papain, a cysteine protease, has the unique ability to cleave the extracellular domain of the MHC class I structure. We hypothesized that pretreatment of donor islets with papain would diminish the expression of MHC class I on islets, reducing allograft immunogenicity and contributing to prolongation of islet allograft survival. BALB/c islets pretreated with papain were transplanted into C57BL/6J mice as an acute allorejection model. Treatment with 1 mg/mL papain significantly prolonged islet allograft survival. In vitro, to determine the inhibitory effect on T cell-mediated alloreactions, we performed lymphocyte proliferation assays and mixed lymphocyte reactions. Host T cell activation against allogenic islet cells was remarkably suppressed by pretreatment of donor islet cells with 10 mg/mL papain. Flow cytometric analysis was also performed to investigate the effect of papain treatment on the expression of MHC class I on islets. One or 10 mg/mL papain treatment reduced MHC class I expression on the islet cell surface. Pretreatment of donor islets with papain suppresses MHC class I-mediated allograft rejection in mice and contributes to prolongation of islet allograft survival without administration of systemic immunosuppressants. These results suggest that pretreatment of human donor islets with papain may reduce the immunogenicity of the donor islets and minimize the dosage of systemic immunosuppressants required in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Kumano
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nishinakamura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Itoh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- CONTACT Shohta Kodama , 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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15
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Baranyi U, Farkas AM, Hock K, Mahr B, Linhart B, Gattringer M, Focke-Tejkl M, Petersen A, Wrba F, Rülicke T, Valenta R, Wekerle T. Cell Therapy for Prophylactic Tolerance in Immunoglobulin E-mediated Allergy. EBioMedicine 2016; 7:230-9. [PMID: 27322476 PMCID: PMC4909362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic strategies for the prophylaxis of IgE-mediated allergy remain an unmet medical need. Cell therapy is an emerging approach with high potential for preventing and treating immunological diseases. We aimed to develop a cell-based therapy inducing permanent allergen-specific immunological tolerance for preventing IgE-mediated allergy. Methods Wild-type mice were treated with allergen-expressing bone marrow cells under a short course of tolerogenic immunosuppression (mTOR inhibition and costimulation blockade). Bone marrow was retrieved from a novel transgenic mouse ubiquitously expressing the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 as a membrane-anchored protein (BALB/c-Tg[Phlp5-GFP], here mPhl p 5). After transplantation recipients were IgE-sensitized at multiple time points with Phl p 5 and control allergen. Results Mice treated with mPhl p 5 bone marrow did not develop Phl p 5-specific IgE (or other isotypes) despite repeated administration of the allergen, while mounting and maintaining a strong humoral response towards the control allergen. Notably, Phl p 5-specific T cell responses and allergic airway inflammation were also completely prevented. Interestingly allergen-specific B cell tolerance was maintained independent of Treg functions indicating deletional tolerance as underlying mechanism. Conclusion This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that allergen-specific immunological tolerance preventing occurrence of allergy can be established through a cell-based therapy employing allergen-expressing leukocytes. Avoidance of IgE-mediated allergy is established by development of a tolerogenic cell-based protocol. Transplantation of syngeneic allergen-bearing bone marrow cells into recipients leads to tolerance towards the introduced allergen. Prevention of T-and B-cell responses and allergic asthma is induced by cell transfer with non-toxic pretreatment.
IgE-mediated allergy affects about 30% of the population in industrialized countries. To prevent allergy we developed a cell-based protocol with the concept to modify body's own cells to express an allergen and to reinfuse those modified cells. This concept leads to avoidance of allergic reactions after allergen contact such as specific IgE production and the development of allergic asthma. This is demonstrated in a syngeneic model in mice (i.e. autologous in human) by transplanting bone marrow cells of a unique allergen-expressing transgenic mouse into pretreated recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Baranyi
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas M Farkas
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hock
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Mahr
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Gattringer
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnd Petersen
- Research Center Borstel, Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Borstel, Germany
| | - Fritz Wrba
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Pilat N, Klaus C, Schwarz C, Hock K, Oberhuber R, Schwaiger E, Gattringer M, Ramsey H, Baranyi U, Zelger B, Brandacher G, Wrba F, Wekerle T. Rapamycin and CTLA4Ig synergize to induce stable mixed chimerism without the need for CD40 blockade. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1568-79. [PMID: 25783859 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mixed chimerism approach achieves donor-specific tolerance in organ transplantation, but clinical use is inhibited by the toxicities of current bone marrow (BM) transplantation (BMT) protocols. Blocking the CD40:CD154 pathway with anti-CD154 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is exceptionally potent in inducing mixed chimerism, but these mAbs are clinically not available. Defining the roles of donor and recipient CD40 in a murine allogeneic BMT model, we show that CD4 or CD8 activation through an intact direct or CD4 T cell activation through the indirect pathway is sufficient to trigger BM rejection despite CTLA4Ig treatment. In the absence of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cell activation via the direct pathway, in contrast, leads to a state of split tolerance. Interruption of the CD40 signals in both the direct and indirect pathway of allorecognition or lack of recipient CD154 is required for the induction of chimerism and tolerance. We developed a novel BMT protocol that induces mixed chimerism and donor-specific tolerance to fully mismatched cardiac allografts relying on CD28 costimulation blockade and mTOR inhibition without targeting the CD40 pathway. Notably, MHC-mismatched/minor antigen-matched skin grafts survive indefinitely whereas fully mismatched grafts are rejected, suggesting that non-MHC antigens cause graft rejection and split tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pilat
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - C Klaus
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - C Schwarz
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - K Hock
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - R Oberhuber
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - E Schwaiger
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - M Gattringer
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - H Ramsey
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - U Baranyi
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - B Zelger
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - F Wrba
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - T Wekerle
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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17
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The effects of rapamycin on regulatory T cells: Its potential time-dependent role in inducing transplant tolerance. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:74-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Su W, Li Z, Jia Y, Zhuo Y. Rapamycin is neuroprotective in a rat chronic hypertensive glaucoma model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99719. [PMID: 24923557 PMCID: PMC4055719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Injury of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) accounts for visual impairment of glaucoma. Here, we report rapamycin protects RGCs from death in experimental glaucoma model and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that treatment with rapamycin dramatically promote RGCs survival in a rat chronic ocular hypertension model. This protective action appears to be attributable to inhibition of neurotoxic mediators release and/or direct suppression of RGC apoptosis. In support of this mechanism, in vitro, rapamycin significantly inhibits the production of NO, TNF-α in BV2 microglials by modulating NF-κB signaling. In experimental animals, treatment with rapamycin also dramatically inhibited the activation of microglials. In primary RGCs, rapamycin was capable of direct suppression the apoptosis of primary RGCs induced by glutamate. Mechanistically, rapamycin-mediated suppression of RGCs apoptosis is by sparing phosphorylation of Akt at a site critical for maintenance of its survival-promoting activity in cell and animal model. These results demonstrate that rapamycin is neuroprotective in experimental glaucoma, possibly via decreasing neurotoxic releasing and suppressing directly apoptosis of RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Meier RPH, Seebach JD, Morel P, Mahou R, Borot S, Giovannoni L, Parnaud G, Montanari E, Bosco D, Wandrey C, Berney T, Bühler LH, Muller YD. Survival of free and encapsulated human and rat islet xenografts transplanted into the mouse bone marrow. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91268. [PMID: 24625569 PMCID: PMC3953382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow was recently proposed as an alternative and potentially immune-privileged site for pancreatic islet transplantation. The aim of the present study was to assess the survival and rejection mechanisms of free and encapsulated xenogeneic islets transplanted into the medullary cavity of the femur, or under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. The median survival of free rat islets transplanted into the bone marrow or under the kidney capsule was 9 and 14 days, respectively, whereas that of free human islets was shorter, 7 days (bone marrow) and 10 days (kidney capsule). Infiltrating CD8+ T cells and redistributed CD4+ T cells, and macrophages were detected around the transplanted islets in bone sections. Recipient mouse splenocytes proliferated in response to donor rat stimulator cells. One month after transplantation under both kidney capsule or into bone marrow, encapsulated rat islets had induced a similar degree of fibrotic reaction and still contained insulin positive cells. In conclusion, we successfully established a small animal model for xenogeneic islet transplantation into the bone marrow. The rejection of xenogeneic islets was associated with local and systemic T cell responses and macrophage recruitment. Although there was no evidence for immune-privilege, the bone marrow may represent a feasible site for encapsulated xenogeneic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P. H. Meier
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D. Seebach
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Redouan Mahou
- Institut d’Ingénierie Biologique et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Borot
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurianne Giovannoni
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Montanari
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Wandrey
- Institut d’Ingénierie Biologique et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leo H. Bühler
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yannick D. Muller
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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20
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Tan X, Zeng H, Jie Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Pan Z. CD154 blockade modulates the ratio of Treg to Th1 cells and prolongs the survival of allogeneic corneal grafts in mice. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:827-834. [PMID: 24660031 PMCID: PMC3961129 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb) may prolong the survival of an allograft; however, the associated therapeutic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of anti-CD154 mAb on T-cell responses in a mouse model of corneal allograft transplantation. BALB/c mice were transplanted with corneal grafts from C57BL/6 mice and treated intraperitoneally with 250 μg anti-CD154 mAb or isotype IgG on days 0, 3 and 6 post surgery. The transparency of the corneal grafts was evaluated for potential rejection signs by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and histopathology. The percentages of CD4+ T, Tim-3+CD4+ T helper (Th) 1 and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen, ipsilateral draining lymph nodes and corneal grafts, and the frequency of splenic IFN-γ+ and IL-10+ expression in CD4+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, the ratio of Tregs to Th1 cells was calculated and the suppressive activity of splenic Tregs was measured. Anti-CD154 neutralization significantly prolonged the survival of the corneal allograft (P=0.0012) and reduced the numbers of inflammatory infiltrates in the corneal graft. In the spleen and lymph nodes, anti-CD154 treatment reduced the frequency of CD4+ T cells, Tregs and particularly Th1 cells. In the corneal allografts, anti-CD154 treatment downregulated graft-infiltrated CD4+ T cells and Th1 cells, but increased graft-infiltrated Tregs. Furthermore, anti-CD154 treatment increased the frequency of splenic IL-10+CD4+ T cells and decreased the concentration of splenic IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells. As a result, the ratio of Tregs to Th1 cells in the anti-CD154-treated recipients increased. Anti-CD154 treatment did not enhance the suppressive activity of Tregs in the recipients. The results indicate that the therapeutic effects of anti-CD154 mAb on prolonging the survival of the corneal allograft may be associated with an increased ratio of Tregs to Th1 cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Tan
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China ; Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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21
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Abstract
The shortage of human organs for transplantation has focused research on the possibility of transplanting pig organs into humans. Many factors contribute to the failure of a pig organ graft in a primate. A rapid innate immune response (natural anti-pig antibody, complement activation, and an innate cellular response; e.g., neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells) is followed by an adaptive immune response, although T-cell infiltration of the graft has rarely been reported. Other factors (e.g., coagulation dysregulation and inflammation) appear to play a significantly greater role than in allotransplantation. The immune responses to a pig xenograft cannot therefore be controlled simply by suppression of T-cell activity. Before xenotransplantation can be introduced successfully into the clinic, the problems of the innate, coagulopathic, and inflammatory responses will have to be overcome, most likely by the transplantation of organs from genetically engineered pigs. Many of the genetic manipulations aimed at protecting against these responses also reduce the adaptive response. The T-cell and elicited antibody responses can be prevented by the biological and/or pharmacologic agents currently available, in particular, by costimulation blockade-based regimens. The exogenous immunosuppressive regimen may be significantly reduced by the presence of a graft from a pig transgenic for a mutant (human) class II transactivator gene, resulting in down-regulation of swine leukocyte antigen class II expression, or from a pig with "local" vascular endothelial cell expression of an immunosuppressive gene (e.g., CTLA4-Ig). The immunomodulatory efficacy of regulatory T cells or mesenchymal stromal cells has been demonstrated in vitro but not yet in vivo.
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22
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Presensitized Immune Condition of Host Exaggerates Prolonged Cold Ischemia-Mediated Injury of Cardiac Graft Involving Regulatory T Cells. Transplantation 2013; 96:609-15. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31829df26d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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23
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Setoguchi K, Hattori Y, Iida S, Baldwin WM, Fairchild RL. Endogenous memory CD8 T cells are activated within cardiac allografts without mediating rejection. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2293-307. [PMID: 23914930 PMCID: PMC3776013 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous memory CD8 T cells infiltrate MHC-mismatched cardiac allografts within 12-24 h posttransplant in mice and are activated to proliferate and produce IFN-γ. To more accurately assess the graft injury directly imposed by these endogenous memory CD8 T cells, we took advantage of the ability of anti-LFA-1 mAb given to allograft recipients on days 3 and 4 posttransplant to inhibit the generation of primary effector T cells. When compared to grafts from IgG-treated recipients on day 7 posttransplant, allografts from anti-LFA-1 mAb-treated recipients had increased numbers of CD8 T cells but these grafts had marked decreases in expression levels of mRNA encoding effector mediators associated with graft injury and decreases in donor-reactive CD8 T cells producing IFN-γ. Despite this decreased activity within the allograft, CD8 T cells in allografts from recipients treated with anti-LFA-1 mAb continued to proliferate up to day 7 posttransplant and did not upregulate expression of the exhaustion marker LAG-3 but did have decreased expression of ICOS. These results indicate that endogenous memory CD8 T cells infiltrate and proliferate in cardiac allografts in mice but do not express sufficient levels of functions to mediate overt graft injury and acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Setoguchi
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iida
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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24
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Gagliani N, Jofra T, Valle A, Stabilini A, Morsiani C, Gregori S, Deng S, Rothstein DM, Atkinson M, Kamanaka M, Flavell RA, Roncarolo MG, Battaglia M. Transplant tolerance to pancreatic islets is initiated in the graft and sustained in the spleen. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:1963-75. [PMID: 23834659 PMCID: PMC3869180 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is comprised of several CD4(+) T regulatory (Treg) cell types, of which two, the Foxp3(+) Treg and T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells, have frequently been associated with transplant tolerance. However, whether and how these two Treg-cell types synergize to promote allograft tolerance remains unknown. We previously developed a mouse model of allogeneic transplantation in which a specific immunomodulatory treatment leads to transplant tolerance through both Foxp3(+) Treg and Tr1 cells. Here, we show that Foxp3(+) Treg cells exert their regulatory function within the allograft and initiate engraftment locally and in a non-antigen (Ag) specific manner. Whereas CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells, which contain Tr1 cells, act from the spleen and are key to the maintenance of long-term tolerance. Importantly, the role of Foxp3(+) Treg and Tr1 cells is not redundant once they are simultaneously expanded/induced in the same host. Moreover, our data show that long-term tolerance induced by Foxp3(+) Treg-cell transfer is sustained by splenic Tr1 cells and functionally moves from the allograft to the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Gagliani
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - T. Jofra
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Valle
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Stabilini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Morsiani
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Deng
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - D. M. Rothstein
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - M. Kamanaka
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - R. A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT
| | - M. G. Roncarolo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Battaglia
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy,Corresponding author: Manuela Battaglia,
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Ashkenazi E, Baranovski BM, Shahaf G, Lewis EC. Pancreatic islet xenograft survival in mice is extended by a combination of alpha-1-antitrypsin and single-dose anti-CD4/CD8 therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63625. [PMID: 23717456 PMCID: PMC3661573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pancreatic islet transplantation is under evaluation for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes, yet several limitations preclude widespread use. For example, there is a critical shortage of human pancreas donors. Xenotransplantation may solve this problem, yet it evokes a rigorous immune response which can lead to graft rejection. Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a clinically available and safe circulating anti-inflammatory and tissue protective glycoprotein, facilitates islet alloimmune-tolerance and protects from inflammation in several models. Here, we examine whether human AAT (hAAT), alone or in combination with clinically relevant approaches, achieves long-term islet xenograft survival. Rat-to-mouse islet transplantation was examined in the following groups: untreated (n = 6), hAAT (n = 6, 60-240 mg/kg every 3 days from day -10), low-dose co-stimulation blockade (anti-CD154/LFA-1) and single-dose anti-CD4/CD8 (n = 5-7), either as mono- or combination therapies. Islet grafting was accompanied by blood glucose follow-up. In addition, skin xenografting was performed in order to depict responses that occur in draining lymph nodes. According to our results hAAT monotherapy and hAAT/anti-CD154/LFA-1 combined therapy, did not delay rejection day (11-24 days untreated vs. 10-22 day treated). However, host and donor intragraft inflammatory gene expression was diminished by hAAT therapy in both setups. Single dose T-cell depletion using anti-CD4/CD8 depleting antibodies, which provided 14-15 days of reduced circulating T-cells, significantly delayed rejection day (28-52 days) but did not achieve graft acceptance. In contrast, in combination with hAAT, the group displayed significantly extended rejection days and a high rate of graft acceptance (59, 61, >90, >90, >90). In examination of graft explants, marginal mononuclear-cell infiltration containing regulatory T-cells predominated surviving xenografts. We suggest that temporal T-cell depletion, as in the clinically practiced anti-thymocyte-globulin therapy, combined with hAAT, may promote islet xenograft acceptance. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism behind the observed synergy, as well as the applicability of the approach for pig-to-human islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Ashkenazi
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Boris M. Baranovski
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Galit Shahaf
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Eli C Lewis
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immunological barriers still preclude clinical xenotransplantation. The protective role of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells (Treg) in allotransplantation is well described and, therefore, could represent a promising therapeutical tool for xenotransplantation. This review addresses the latest findings on Treg in xenotransplantation research. RECENT FINDINGS In vivo, costimulation blockade-based strategies including anti-CD154 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in combination with rapamycin or anti-LFA-1 mAb prolonged both concordant and discordant islets xenografts survival in a Treg-dependent manner. In vitro, IL-10 secretion was shown to be critical for the suppression of xenogeneic responses mediated by Treg. Moreover, transgenic expression of inducible costimulator-immunoglobulin or PD-L1 on porcine endothelial cells inhibited human T-cell proliferation in vitro and was associated with the induction of Treg and IL-10 secretion. CXCR3 mediated the recruitment of Treg to pig endothelium. Finally, the recruitment of human Treg was enhanced by the immobilization of human CCL17 on pig endothelium. SUMMARY There is increasing evidence for the potential of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg to protect xenografts. Induction of Treg in recipients and/or recruitment of human Treg to pig endothelium may represent novel strategies to prevent cell-mediated rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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Alkhamis T, Barbic J, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Greenlaw RE, Peakman M, Jurcevic S. Antibody combination therapy targeting CD25, CD70 and CD8 reduces islet inflammation and improves glycaemia in diabetic mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 170:139-48. [PMID: 23039884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Destruction of pancreatic islets in type 1 diabetes is caused by infiltrating, primed and activated T cells. In a clinical setting this autoimmune process is already in an advanced stage before intervention therapy can be administered. Therefore, an effective intervention needs to reduce islet inflammation and preserve any remaining islet function. In this study we have investigated the role of targeting activated T cells in reversing autoimmune diabetes. A combination therapy consisting of CD25-, CD70- and CD8-specific monoclonal antibodies was administered to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with either new-onset diabetes or with advanced diabetes. In NOD mice with new-onset diabetes antibody combination treatment reversed hyperglycaemia and achieved long-term protection from diabetes (blood glucose <13·9 mmol/l) in >50% of mice. In contrast, in the control, untreated group blood glucose levels continued to increase and none of the mice were protected from diabetes (P < 0·0001). Starting therapy early when hyperglycaemia was relatively mild proved critical, as the mice with advanced diabetes showed less efficient control of blood glucose and shorter life span. Histological analysis (insulitis score) showed islet preservation and reduced immune infiltration in all treated groups, compared to their controls. In conclusion, antibody combination therapy that targets CD25, CD70 and CD8 results in decreased islet infiltration and improved blood glucose levels in NOD mice with established diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alkhamis
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's Health Partners Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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28
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Hope TA, LeBoit PE, High WA, Fu Y, Brasch RC. Evaluation of imatinib mesylate as a possible treatment for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in a rat model. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Deuse T, Seifert M, Phillips N, Fire A, Tyan D, Kay M, Tsao PS, Hua X, Velden J, Eiermann T, Volk HD, Reichenspurner H, Robbins RC, Schrepfer S. Immunobiology of naïve and genetically modified HLA-class-I-knockdown human embryonic stem cells. J Cell Sci 2012; 124:3029-37. [PMID: 21878509 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.087718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can serve as a universal cell source for emerging cell or tissue replacement strategies, but immune rejection of hESC derivatives remains an unsolved problem. Here, we sought to describe the mechanisms of rejection for naïve hESCs and upon HLA class I (HLA I) knockdown (hESC(KD)). hESCs were HLA I-positive but negative for HLA II and co-stimulatory molecules. Transplantation of naïve hESC into immunocompetent Balb/c mice induced substantial T helper cell 1 and 2 (Th1 and Th2) responses with rapid cell death, but hESCs survived in immunodeficient SCID-beige recipients. Histology revealed mainly macrophages and T cells, but only scattered natural killer (NK) cells. A surge of hESC-specific antibodies against hESC class I, but not class II antigens, was observed. Using HLA I RNA interference and intrabody technology, HLA I surface expression of hESC(KD) was 88%-99% reduced. T cell activation after hESC(KD) transplantation into Balb/c was significantly diminished, antibody production was substantially alleviated, the levels of graft-infiltrating immune cells were reduced and the survival of hESC(KD) was prolonged. Because of their very low expression of stimulatory NK ligands, NK-susceptibility of naïve hESCs and hESC(KD) was negligible. Thus, HLA I recognition by T cells seems to be the primary mechanism of hESC recognition, and T cells, macrophages and hESC-specific antibodies participate in hESC killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deuse
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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30
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Rapamycin conditioning of dendritic cells differentiated from human ES cells promotes a tolerogenic phenotype. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:172420. [PMID: 22505805 PMCID: PMC3303870 DOI: 10.1155/2012/172420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may one day facilitate the treatment of degenerative diseases requiring cell replacement therapy, the success of regenerative medicine is predicated on overcoming the rejection of replacement tissues. Given the role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in the establishment of immunological tolerance, we have proposed that DC, rendered tolerogenic during their differentiation from hESC, might predispose recipients to accept replacement tissues. As a first step towards this goal, we demonstrate that DC differentiated from H1 hESCs (H1-DCs) are particularly responsive to the immunosuppressive agent rapamycin compared to monocyte-derived DC (moDC). While rapamycin had only modest impact on the phenotype and function of moDC, H1-DC failed to upregulate CD40 upon maturation and displayed reduced immunostimulatory capacity. Furthermore, coculture of naïve allogeneic T cells with rapamycin-treated H1-DC promoted an increased appearance of CD25hi Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, compared to moDC. Our findings suggest that conditioning of hESC-derived DC with rapamycin favours a tolerogenic phenotype.
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31
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Gagliani N, Gregori S, Jofra T, Valle A, Stabilini A, Rothstein DM, Atkinson M, Roncarolo MG, Battaglia M. Rapamycin combined with anti-CD45RB mAb and IL-10 or with G-CSF induces tolerance in a stringent mouse model of islet transplantation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28434. [PMID: 22174806 PMCID: PMC3235119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large pool of preexisting alloreactive effector T cells can cause allogeneic graft rejection following transplantation. However, it is possible to induce transplant tolerance by altering the balance between effector and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Among the various Treg-cell types, Foxp3+Treg and IL-10–producing T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells have frequently been associated with tolerance following transplantation in both mice and humans. Previously, we demonstrated that rapamycin+IL-10 promotes Tr1-cell–associated tolerance in Balb/c mice transplanted with C57BL/6 pancreatic islets. However, this same treatment was unsuccessful in C57BL/6 mice transplanted with Balb/c islets (classified as a stringent transplant model). We accordingly designed a protocol that would be effective in the latter transplant model by simultaneously depleting effector T cells and fostering production of Treg cells. We additionally developed and tested a clinically translatable protocol that used no depleting agent. Methodology/Principal Findings Diabetic C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with Balb/c pancreatic islets. Recipient mice transiently treated with anti-CD45RB mAb+rapamycin+IL-10 developed antigen-specific tolerance. During treatment, Foxp3+Treg cells were momentarily enriched in the blood, followed by accumulation in the graft and draining lymph node, whereas CD4+IL-10+IL-4− T (i.e., Tr1) cells localized in the spleen. In long-term tolerant mice, only CD4+IL-10+IL-4− T cells remained enriched in the spleen and IL-10 was key in the maintenance of tolerance. Alternatively, recipient mice were treated with two compounds routinely used in the clinic (namely, rapamycin and G-CSF); this drug combination promoted tolerance associated with CD4+IL-10+IL-4− T cells. Conclusions/Significance The anti-CD45RB mAb+rapamycin+IL-10 combined protocol promotes a state of tolerance that is IL-10 dependent. Moreover, the combination of rapamycin+G-CSF induces tolerance and such treatment could be readily translatable into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gagliani
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Jofra
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Valle
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Stabilini
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David M. Rothstein
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Chhabra P, Brayman KL. Current status of immunomodulatory and cellular therapies in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:637692. [PMID: 22046502 PMCID: PMC3199196 DOI: 10.1155/2011/637692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation is a β-cell replacement strategy that represents a possible definitive intervention for patients with type 1 diabetes, offering substantial benefits in terms of lowering daily insulin requirements and reducing incidences of debilitating hypoglycemic episodes and unawareness. Despite impressive advances in this field, a limiting supply of islets, inadequate means for preventing islet rejection, and the deleterious diabetogenic and nephrotoxic side effects associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy preclude its wide-spread applicability. Islet transplantation however allows a window of opportunity for attempting various therapeutic manipulations of islets prior to transplantation aimed at achieving superior transplant outcomes. In this paper, we will focus on the current status of various immunosuppressive and cellular therapies that promote graft function and survival in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation with special emphasis on the tolerance-inducing capacity of regulatory T cells as well as the β-cells regenerative capacity of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chhabra
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Brayman
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- The Center for Cellular Transplantation and Therapeutics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Muller YD, Golshayan D, Ehirchiou D, Wyss JC, Giovannoni L, Meier R, Serre-Beinier V, Puga Yung G, Morel P, Bühler LH, Seebach JD. Immunosuppressive effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes result in absolute lymphopenia and a relative increase of T regulatory cells. Diabetes 2011; 60:2331-40. [PMID: 21752956 PMCID: PMC3161310 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Streptozotocin (STZ) is the most widely used diabetogenic agent in animal models of islet transplantation. However, the immunomodifying effects of STZ and the ensuing hyperglycemia on lymphocyte subsets, particularly on T regulatory cells (Tregs), remain poorly understood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study evaluated how STZ-induced diabetes affects adaptive immunity and the consequences thereof on allograft rejection in murine models of islet and skin transplantation. The respective toxicity of STZ and hyperglycemia on lymphocyte subsets was tested in vitro. The effect of hyperglycemia was assessed independently of STZ in vivo by the removal of transplanted syngeneic islets, using an insulin pump, and with rat insulin promoter diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice. RESULTS Early lymphopenia in both blood and spleen was demonstrated after STZ administration. Direct toxicity of STZ on lymphocytes, particularly on CD8(+) cells and B cells, was shown in vitro. Hyperglycemia also correlated with blood and spleen lymphopenia in vivo but was not lymphotoxic in vitro. Independently of hyperglycemia, STZ led to a relative increase of Tregs in vivo, with the latter retaining their suppressive capacity in vitro. The higher frequency of Tregs was associated with Treg proliferation in the blood, but not in the spleen, and higher blood levels of transforming growth factor-β. Finally, STZ administration delayed islet and skin allograft rejection compared with naive mice. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the direct and indirect immunosuppressive effects of STZ and acute hyperglycemia, respectively. Thus, these results have important implications for the future development of tolerance-based protocols and their translation from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick D Muller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland.
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35
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Wang F, Xia J, Chen J, Peng Y, Cheng P, Ekberg H, Wang X, Qi Z. Combination of antibodies inhibits accelerated rejection mediated by memory T cells in xenoantigen-primed mice. Xenotransplantation 2011; 17:460-8. [PMID: 21158947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2010.00618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor-reactive memory T cells are known to accelerate allograft rejection; in our previous study, we reported that combined monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could prolong islet allograft survival in alloantigen-primed mice. In this study, we examine the effects of donor-reactive memory T cells on the xenograft survival and methods to prolong the islet graft survival. METHODS To collect donor-reactive T cells, we performed full-thickness rat skin xenografting on BALB/c mice and isolated the T cells from the mice after 6-8 weeks. These cells were then adoptively transferred to syngenic mice 1 day before rat-to-mouse islet transplantation. Three experimental groups were established in the adoptive transfer model: recipient mice treated with isotype mAbs (isotype group); mice treated with anti-CD40L mAb (anti-CD40L group); and mice treated with anti-CD40L, anti-OX40L, and anti-CD122 mAbs (3-combined group). RESULTS Lewis rat islet xenografts transplanted in naïve mice showed a mean survival time (MST) of 12.8 days, while the graft rejection was accelerated if the recipient mice were treated with adoptively transferred donor-reactive T cells (MST, 8.67 days). Treatment with anti-CD40L mb could not reverse the accelerated rejection (MST, 9.3 days). However, when anti-CD40L mb was combined with anti-OX40L and anti-CD122 mAbs, there was a considerable increase in the MST, which was 72.2 days. Compared to the isotype group, the 3-combined group had significantly lesser proportion of memory T cells and greater proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen. Meanwhile, in the 3-combined group, the production of anti-rat antibodies was markedly inhibited. CONCLUSION Treatment with a combination of antibodies could significantly reverse the accelerated rejection mediated by donor-reactive memory T cells by inhibiting cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Wang
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
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Muller YD, Seebach JD, Bühler LH, Pascual M, Golshayan D. Transplantation tolerance: Clinical potential of regulatory T cells. SELF/NONSELF 2011; 2:26-34. [PMID: 21776332 PMCID: PMC3136901 DOI: 10.4161/self.2.1.15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The major challenge in transplantation medicine remains long-term allograft acceptance, with preserved allograft function under minimal chronic immunosuppression. To safely achieve the goal of sustained donor-specific T and B cell non-responsiveness, research efforts are now focusing on therapies based on cell subsets with regulatory properties. In particular the transfusion of human regulatory T cells (Treg) is currently being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of graft versus host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and is also under consideration for solid organ transplantation. The purpose of this review is to recapitulate current knowledge on naturally occurring as well as induced human Treg, with emphasis on their specific phenotype, suppressive function and how these cells can be manipulated in vitro and/or in vivo for therapeutic purposes in transplantation medicine. We highlight the potential but also possible limitations of Treg-based strategies to promote long-term allograft survival. It is evident that the bench-to-beside translation of these protocols still requires further understanding of Treg biology. Nevertheless, current data already suggest that Treg therapy alone will not be sufficient and needs to be combined with other immunomodulatory approaches in order to induce allograft tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick D Muller
- Surgical Research Unit; Department of Surgery; University Hospital Geneva
- Service of Clinical Immunology and Allergology; Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Geneva
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Service of Clinical Immunology and Allergology; Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Geneva
| | - Leo H Bühler
- Surgical Research Unit; Department of Surgery; University Hospital Geneva
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory; Departments of Medicine and Surgery; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory; Departments of Medicine and Surgery; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Switzerland
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Schneider MKJ, Seebach JD. Xenotransplantation literature update: April-May, 2010. Xenotransplantation 2010; 17:324-7. [PMID: 20723204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2010.00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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