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Finan JM, Sutton TL, Dixon DA, Brody JR. Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein HuR in Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3507-3516. [PMID: 37683260 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) is a well-established regulator of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various human diseases, particularly cancer. In cancer, HuR is considered "active" when it shows increased subcellular localization in the cytoplasm, in addition to its normal nuclear localization. Cytoplasmic HuR plays a crucial role in stabilizing and enhancing the translation of prosurvival mRNAs that are involved in stress responses relevant to cancer progression, such as hypoxia, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In general, due to HuR's abundance and function in cancer cells compared with normal cells, it is an appealing target for oncology research. Exploiting the principles underlying HuR's role in tumorigenesis and resistance to stressors, targeting HuR has the potential for synergy with existing and novel oncologic therapies. This review aims to explore HuR's role in homeostasis and cancer pathophysiology, as well as current targeting strategies, which include silencing HuR expression, preventing its translocation and dimerization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and inhibiting mRNA binding. Furthermore, this review will discuss recent studies investigating the potential synergy between HuR inhibition and traditional chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Finan
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Thomas L Sutton
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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2
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Li X, Li X, Liu G, Zhou L, Liu Y, Dou T, Chen X, Wang J. ANP32A Knockdown Attenuates the Malignant Biological Behavior of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Suppressing Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and ERK Activation. J Cancer 2023; 14:2759-2770. [PMID: 37781083 PMCID: PMC10539559 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidic leucine rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A) protein has a variety of functions, such as regulating cell differentiation, influencing cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Our previous study demonstrated that high expression of ANP32A was found in the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and was positively associated with tumor grading. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of ANP32A in CRC metastasis have not been fully explored. In this study, we found that ANP32A knockdown significantly attenuated the migration and invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that ANP32A knockdown inhibited the expression of β-catenin and phosphorylated-ERK. The immunofluorescent staining experiment has revealed that ANP32A was expressed in the cell membrane, cytosol and nucleus, and its expression was positively associated with β-catenin expression levels. Moreover, the ability of cell migration and invasion was inhibited, the expression of E-cadherin was enhanced following ANP32A knockdown, and these affects were abolished by an ERK activator PMA, enhanced by an ERK inhibitor PD98059. Moreover, our animal experiment also demonstrated that silenced ANP32A inhibited CRC cell growth, multi-organ metastasis, ERK activation and EMT progression in vivo. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that ANP32A promotes CRC progression and that may be a promising target for the anti-metastasis treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, China
| | - Xumei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, China
| | - Luwei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, China
| | - Yisa Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, China
| | - Tong Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541001, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541001, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541004, China
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3
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Wang F, Liang J, Zhu D, Xiang P, Zhou L, Yang C. Characteristic gene prognostic model of type 1 diabetes mellitus via machine learning strategy. Endocr J 2023; 70:281-294. [PMID: 36477008 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to detect possible biomarkers associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) incidence in an effort to develop novel treatments for this condition. Three mRNA expression datasets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T1DM patients and healthy controls were identified by Limma package in R, and using the DEGs to conduct GO and DO pathway enrichment. The LASSO-SVM were used to screen the hub genes. We performed immune correlation analysis of hub genes and established a T1DM prognosis model. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to identify the different immune cells in distribution between T1DM and normal samples. The correlation of the hub genes and immune cells was analyzed by Spearman. ROC curves were used to assess the diagnostic value of genes in T1DM. A total of 60 immune related DEGs were obtained from the T1DM and normal samples. Then, DEGs were further screened to obtain 3 hub genes, ANP32A-IT1, ESCO2 and NBPF1. CIBERSORT analysis revealed the percentage of immune cells in each sample, indicating that there was significant difference in monocytes, T cells CD8+, gamma delta T cells, naive CD4+ T cells and activated memory CD4+ T cells between T1DM and normal samples. The area under curve (AUC) of ESCO2, ANP32A-IT1 and NBPF1 were all greater than 0.8, indicating that these three genes have high diagnostic value for T1DM. Together, the findings of these bioinformatics analyses thus identified key hub genes associated with T1DM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology of the Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jiemei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology of the Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology of the Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Pengan Xiang
- Hospital of 94498 Troops, People's Liberation Army, Nanyang 474300, China
| | - Luyao Zhou
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Caizhe Yang
- Department of Endocrinology of the Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
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Ma Q, Lu Q, Lei X, Zhao J, Sun W, Huang D, Zhu Q, Xu Q. Relationship between HuR and tumor drug resistance. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03109-5. [PMID: 36947360 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Human resistance protein R (HuR), also known as embryonic lethal abnormal visual-like protein (ELAVL1), is an RNA-binding protein widely expressed in vivo that affects the mRNA stability of targeted and is involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have shown that HuR is aberrantly expressed in different human cancers and is an essential factor in poor clinical prognosis. The role of HuR in numerous tumors suggests that it could be a new target for tumor therapy and as a marker for efficacy and prognostic assessment. This review focuses on the relationship between HuR and drug resistance in different tumors and briefly describes the structure, function, and inhibitors of HuR. We summarize the mechanisms by which HuR causes tumor resistance and the molecular targets affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiliang Lu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | | | - Jie Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis, and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Qing Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis, and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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[Silenced ANP32A inhibits the growth, invasion and migration of colorectal cancer in vitro via the inactivation of AKT pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:52-59. [PMID: 36856210 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.01.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ANP32A silencing on invasion and migration of colon cancer cells and the influence of the activity of AKT signaling pathway on this effect. METHODS Colorectal cancer HCT116 and SW480 were transfected with a small interfering RNA targeting ANP32A via a lentiviral vector. At 24, 48 and 72 h after the transfection, the changes in cell proliferation and AKT activity in the cells were detected using MTT assay and Western blotting, respectively. HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with the AKT agonist SC79 or its inhibitor MK2206 for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and the changes in cell migration and invasion ability were analyzed using Transwell chamber assay and cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay. The effects of SC79 and MK2206 on migration and invasion abilities of HCT116 and SW480 cells with or without ANP32A silencing were examined using wound healing and Transwell chamber assays, and the changes in the expression of metadherin (MTDH), a factor associated with cells invasion and migration, was detected with Western blotting. RESULTS Lentivirus-mediated ANP32A silencing significantly down-regulated the activity of AKT and inhibited the proliferation of both HCT116 and SW480 cells (P < 0.01). The application of AKT inhibitor MK2206 obviously inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of the colorectal cancer cells (P < 0.05), while the AKT agonist SC79 significantly promoted the invasion and migration of the cells (P < 0.01). In HCT116 and SW480 cells with ANP32A silencing, treatment with MK2206 strongly enhanced the inhibitory effects of ANP32A silencing on cell invasion and migration (P < 0.05) and the expression of MTDH, while SC79 partially reversed these inhibitory effects (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION ANP32A silencing inhibits invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells possibly by inhibiting the activation of the AKT signaling pathway.
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Lee HC, Lai WL, Lin CY, Zeng CW, Sheu JC, Chou TB, Tsai HJ. Anp32a Promotes Neuronal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury of Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415921. [PMID: 36555564 PMCID: PMC9786895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals, neuronal regeneration is limited; in contrast, such regeneration occurs quickly in zebrafish. Member A of the acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 (ANP32a) family is involved in neuronal development, but its function is controversial, and its involvement in zebrafish SCI remains unknown. To determine the role of zebrafish ANP32a in the neuronal regeneration of SCI embryos, we microinjected ANP32a mRNA into embryos from zebrafish transgenic line Tg(mnx1:GFP) prior to SCI. Compared to control SCI embryos, the results showed that the regeneration of spinal cord and resumption of swimming capability were promoted by the overexpression of ANP32a mRNA but reduced by its knockdown. We next combined fluorescence-activated cell sorting with immunochemical staining of anti-GFAP and immunofluorescence staining against anti-PH3 on Tg(gfap:GFP) SCI embryos. The results showed that ANP32a promoted the proliferation and cell number of radial glial cells at the injury epicenter at 24 h post-injury (hpi). Moreover, when we applied BrdU labeling to SCI embryos derived from crossing the Tg(gfap:GFP) and Tg(mnx1:TagRFP) lines, we found that both radial glial cells and motor neurons had proliferated, along with their increased cell numbers in Anp32a-overexpression SCI-embryos. On this basis, we conclude that ANP32a plays a positive role in the regeneration of zebrafish SCI embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chieh Lee
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Zeng
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei 100008, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chuan Sheu
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei 100008, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Bin Chou
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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ANP32 Family as Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Biomarker Related to Immune Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5791471. [PMID: 35280441 PMCID: PMC8913125 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5791471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide, with high incidence and mortality rate. There is an urgent need to identify effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC. Members of the acidic leucine-rich nucleophosphoprotein 32 (ANP32) family, which mainly includes ANP32A, ANP32B, and ANP32E, are abnormally expressed and have prognostic value in certain cancers. However, the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of ANP32 family members in HCC has not yet been fully studied. In this study, we identified the diagnostic and prognostic value of ANP32 family members in HCC. Transcriptome data from public databases, such as the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, suggested that ANP32A, ANP32B, and ANP32E were upregulated in HCC tissues, and high expression of ANP32 family members was associated with advanced pathologic stage and histologic grade. Our immunohistochemistry and western blot results further verified the differential expression of ANP32 family members. ANP32A, ANP32B, and ANP32E had an outstanding diagnostic potential. Survival analysis of HCC patients in TCGA databases demonstrated that ANP32A, ANP32B, and ANP32E were associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses suggested the capability of ANP32B and ANP32E to independently predict the OS and DSS of HCC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that ANP32 family members were associated with immune response, epidermal cell differentiation, and stem cell proliferation. Expression of ANP32 family members was associated with immune cell infiltration and immune status in the tumor microenvironment of HCC, and patients with high ANP32 family expression had poor sensitivity to immunotherapy. Finally, we identified potential chemotherapy drugs for HCC patients with high ANP32 family expression by CellMiner database. This study suggested the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles of the ANP32 family in HCC patients, providing potential therapeutic targets for HCC.
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8
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Assoni G, La Pietra V, Digilio R, Ciani C, Licata NV, Micaelli M, Facen E, Tomaszewska W, Cerofolini L, Pérez-Ràfols A, Varela Rey M, Fragai M, Woodhoo A, Marinelli L, Arosio D, Bonomo I, Provenzani A, Seneci P. HuR-targeted agents: An insight into medicinal chemistry, biophysical, computational studies and pharmacological effects on cancer models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114088. [PMID: 34942276 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Human antigen R (HuR) protein is an RNA-binding protein, ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, that orchestrates target RNA maturation and processing both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. A survey of known modulators of the RNA-HuR interactions is followed by a description of its structure and molecular mechanism of action - RRM domains, interactions with RNA, dimerization, binding modes with naturally occurring and synthetic HuR inhibitors. Then, the review focuses on HuR as a validated molecular target in oncology and briefly describes its role in inflammation. Namely, we show ample evidence for the involvement of HuR in the hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer, reporting findings from in vitro and in vivo studies; and we provide abundant experimental proofs of a beneficial role for the inhibition of HuR-mRNA interactions through silencing (CRISPR, siRNA) or pharmacological inhibition (small molecule HuR inhibitors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Assoni
- Chemistry Department, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosangela Digilio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Valentina Licata
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Micaelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Facen
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Weronika Tomaszewska
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Anna Pérez-Ràfols
- Giotto Biotech S.R.L., Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marta Varela Rey
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Ashwin Woodhoo
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" (SCITEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Bonomo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Pierfausto Seneci
- Chemistry Department, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Tian Z, Liu Z, Fang X, Cao K, Zhang B, Wu R, Wen X, Wen Q, Shi H, Wang R. ANP32A promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating the HMGA1/STAT3 pathway. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:493-506. [PMID: 33332531 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A) has been reported to play an essential role in the development and progression of various human cancers. However, its expression pattern and possible mechanism in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used western blot and immunohistochemical staining to detect protein expression. The effects of ANP32A on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells were examined using 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, CCK-8, and transwell assays. RT-qPCR was performed to detect mRNA expression. The interaction between ANP32A and the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) mRNA was assessed using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). The tumorigenicity of ANP32A was assessed by establishing a xenograft tumor model in Balb/c nude mice. We found that the ANP32A protein was expressed at high levels in patients with HCC, which was associated with a poor prognosis. Functional experiments revealed that the silencing of ANP32A inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, whereas overexpression of ANP32A promoted these processes. Further investigations indicated that ANP32A bound the HMGA1 mRNA and maintained its stability to promote the expression of HMGA1, thereby increasing the expression and activation of STAT3. Finally, a xenograft tumor model of Balb/c nude mice confirmed the tumorigenicity of ANP32A. This study found that ANP32A is up-regulated in patients with HCC and may accelerate the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells by modulating the HMGA1/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Tian
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokang Fang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuan Cao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renhao Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Hupfer A, Brichkina A, Adhikary T, Lauth M. The mammalian Hedgehog pathway is modulated by ANP32 proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:78-84. [PMID: 33761414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Transcriptional profiling has so far delineated four major MB subgroups of which one is driven by uncontrolled Hedgehog (Hh) signaling (SHH-MB). This pathway is amenable to drug targeting, yet clinically approved compounds exclusively target the transmembrane component Smoothened (SMO). Unfortunately, drug resistance against SMO inhibitors is encountered frequently, making the identification of novel Hh pathway components mandatory, which could serve as novel drug targets in the future. Here, we have used MB as a tool to delineate novel modulators of Hh signaling and have identified the Acidic Nuclear Phosphoprotein 32 (ANP32) family of proteins as novel regulators. The expression of all three family members (ANP32A, ANP32B, ANP32E) is increased in Hh-induced MB and their expression level is negatively associated with overall survival in SHH-MB patients. Mechanistically, we could find that ANP32 proteins function as positive modulators of mammalian Hh signaling upstream of GLI transcription factors. These findings add hitherto unknown regulators to the mammalian Hh signaling cascade and might spur future translational efforts to combat Hh-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hupfer
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Clinics of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Germany
| | - Anna Brichkina
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Clinics of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Clinics of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Germany.
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11
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Gga-miR-181a modulates ANP32A expression and inhibits MDCC-MSB-1 cell. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:272-279. [PMID: 33686586 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD), a highly contagious T cell lymphoid neoplasia disease of chickens, causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry. It is the only one tumor disease which can be prevented by vaccine in chickens; therefore, MD is considered to be an excellent model to study the pathogenesis of virus-induced cancer. Recently, abundant evidences have verified that miRNAs are regulators in the process of neoplastic transformation. In our previous study on miRNome analysis of MDV-induced lymphoma in chicken, we found that gga-miR-181a was downregulated drastically in MDV-infected spleens. To further investigate the role of gga-miR-181a in MDV-induced lymphomagenesis, we performed cell migration assay, and the results suggested that gga-miR-181a suppressed the migration of MDV-transformed lymphoid cell (MSB-1). Subsequently, luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32A (ANP32A) was a functional target gene of gga-miR181a. Real-time PCR and western blot assay showed that the mRNA and protein levels of ANP32A were downregulated in gga-miR-181a mimic group at 48-h and 96-h post-transfection, respectively, indicating that ANP32A was modulated by gga-miR-181a. All the results suggested that gga-miR-181a was an inhibitor in MSB-1 cell migration. ANP32A was a direct target gene of gga-miR-181a and they were implicated in MD lymphoma tumorigenesis.
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12
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Dagamajalu S, Vijayakumar M, Shetty R, Rex DAB, Narayana Kotimoole C, Prasad TSK. Proteogenomic examination of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): new lines of inquiry. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:649-662. [PMID: 33151123 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1845146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a histopathologic subtype of esophageal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is primarily because patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage by the time symptoms appear. The genomics and mass spectrometry-based proteomics continue to provide important leads toward biomarker discovery for ESCC. However, such leads are yet to be translated into clinical utilities. Areas covered: We gathered information pertaining to proteomics and proteogenomics efforts in ESCC from the literature search until 2020. An overview of omics approaches to discover the candidate biomarkers for ESCC were highlighted. We present a summary of recent investigations of alterations in the level of gene and protein expression observed in biological samples including body fluids, tissue/biopsy and in vitro-based models. Expert opinion: A large number of protein-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets are being used in cancer therapy. Several candidates are being developed as diagnostics and prognostics for the management of cancers. High-resolution proteomic and proteogenomic approaches offer an efficient way to identify additional candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, prediction of response to chemo and radiotherapy. Some of these biomarkers can also be developed as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Manavalan Vijayakumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Rohan Shetty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Chinmaya Narayana Kotimoole
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
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13
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The RNA-Binding Protein HuR in Digestive System Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9656051. [PMID: 32775456 PMCID: PMC7396115 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9656051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a member of the Hu family of RNA-binding proteins. This molecule, which was first described in tumors nearly two decades ago, has recently received much attention in tumor-related research because it regulates the expression of many tumor-associated molecules through posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, thereby affecting biological characteristics. It is suggested that HuR might be a novel therapeutic target and a marker for therapeutic response and prognostic assessment. Increasing evidence supports that HuR also plays critical roles in the development, therapy, and prognosis of digestive system tumors. Herein, we review the relationships between HuR and digestive system tumors, demonstrating the importance of HuR in digestive system tumor diagnosis.
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14
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Schultz CW, Preet R, Dhir T, Dixon DA, Brody JR. Understanding and targeting the disease-related RNA binding protein human antigen R (HuR). WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 11:e1581. [PMID: 31970930 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered gene expression is a characteristic feature of many disease states such as tumorigenesis, and in most cancers, it facilitates cancer cell survival and adaptation. Alterations in global gene expression are strongly impacted by post-transcriptional gene regulation. The RNA binding protein (RBP) HuR (ELAVL1) is an established regulator of post-transcriptional gene regulation and is overexpressed in most human cancers. In many cancerous settings, HuR is not only overexpressed, but it is "overactive" as denoted by increased subcellular localization within the cytoplasm. This dysregulation of HuR expression and cytoplasmic localization allows HuR to stabilize and increase the translation of various prosurvival messenger RNA (mRNAs) involved in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers and various diseases. Based on almost 20 years of work, HuR is now recognized as a therapeutic target. Herein, we will review the role HuR plays in the pathophysiology of different diseases and ongoing therapeutic strategies to target HuR. We will focus on three ongoing-targeted strategies: (1) inhibiting HuR's translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; (2) inhibiting the ability of HuR to bind target RNA; and (3) silencing HuR expression levels. In an oncologic setting, HuR has been demonstrated to be critical for a cancer cell's ability to survive a variety of cancer relevant stressors (including drugs and elements of the tumor microenvironment) and targeting this protein has been shown to sensitize cancer cells further to insult. We strongly believe that targeting HuR could be a powerful therapeutic target to treat different diseases, particularly cancer, in the near future. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease NRA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability Translation > Translation Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Schultz
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ranjan Preet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Teena Dhir
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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15
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Allegri L, Baldan F, Roy S, Aubé J, Russo D, Filetti S, Damante G. The HuR CMLD-2 inhibitor exhibits antitumor effects via MAD2 downregulation in thyroid cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7374. [PMID: 31089242 PMCID: PMC6517587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hu antigen R (HuR) is indeed one of the most studied RNA-binding protein (RBP) since its fundamental role both in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. For this reason, downregulation in HuR protein levels or inhibition of HuR biological function are, nowadays, attractive goals in cancer research. Here, we examined the antitumor effects of CMLD-2 in four thyroid cancer cell lines (SW1736, 8505 C, BCPAP and K1). Indeed, CMLD-2 competitively binds HuR protein disrupting its interaction with RNA-targets. 35 μM CLMD-2 produced a significant downregulation in thyroid cancer cell viability, coupled to an increase in apoptosis. Moreover, CMLD-2 treatment hindered both migration and colony formation ability. MAD2 is a microtubules-associated protein known to be greatly overexpressed in cancer and correlating with tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, MAD2 is known to be a HuR target. CMLD-2 treatment induced a strong MAD2 downregulation and rescue experiments depicted it as a key effector in HuR-mediated in cancer. Altogether, these data contributed to foster HuR inhibition as valid antineoplastic treatment in thyroid cancer, highlighting MAD2 as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Allegri
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Roma 'Sapienza', 06100, Roma, Italy.
| | - Sudeshna Roy
- Department of BioMelecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, 413 Faser Hall, Mississippi, 38677-1848, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medical Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7363, USA
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Roma 'Sapienza', 06100, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
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16
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Human antigen R and drug resistance in tumors. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1107-1116. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-00723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Xie M, Ji Z, Bao Y, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Wang L, Gao S, Liu Z, Tian Z, Meng Q, Shi H, Yu R. PHAP1 promotes glioma cell proliferation by regulating the Akt/p27/stathmin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3595-3604. [PMID: 29667783 PMCID: PMC6033192 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PHAP1 (Putative HLA‐DR‐associated protein 1), also termed acidic leucine‐rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32A (ANP32A), Phosphoprotein 32 (pp32) or protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor (I1PP2A), is a multifunctional protein aberrantly expressed in multiple types of human cancers. However, its expression pattern and clinical relevance in human glioma remain unknown. In this study, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated PHAP1 protein was highly expressed in glioma patients, especially in those with high‐grade disease. Publicly available data also revealed high levels of PHAP1 were associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. The functional studies showed that knock‐down of PHAP1 suppressed the proliferation of glioma cells, while overexpression of PHAP1 facilitated it. The iTRAQ proteomic analysis suggested that stathmin might be a potential downstream target of PHAP1. Consistently, PHAP1 knock‐down significantly decreased the expression of stathmin, while overexpression of PHAP1 increased it. Also, the upstream negative regulator, p27, expression levels increased upon PHAP1 knock‐down and decreased when PHAP1 was overexpressed. As a result, the phosphorylated Akt (S473), an upstream regulator of p27, expression levels decreased upon silencing of PHAP1, but elevated after PHAP1 overexpression. Importantly, we demonstrate the p27 down‐regulation, stathmin up‐regulation and cell proliferation acceleration induced by PHAP1 overexpression were dependent on Akt activation. In conclusion, the above results suggest that PHAP1 expression is elevated in glioma patients, which may accelerate the proliferation of glioma cells by regulating the Akt/p27/stathmin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyi Xie
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ji
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Bao
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, First People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufu Zhu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zilu Tian
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingming Meng
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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18
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Duhamel M, Rose M, Rodet F, Murgoci AN, Zografidou L, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Vanden Abeele F, Kobeissy F, Nataf S, Pays L, Wisztorski M, Cizkova D, Fournier I, Salzet M. Paclitaxel Treatment and Proprotein Convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) Knockdown in Macrophages is a Promising Antiglioma Strategy as Revealed by Proteomics and Cytotoxicity Studies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018. [PMID: 29531019 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade gliomas are the most common brain tumors in adult. These tumors are characterized by a high infiltration in microglial cells and macrophages. The immunosuppressive tumor environment is known to orient immune cells toward a pro-tumoral and anti-inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, the current challenge for cancer therapy is to find a way to reorient macrophages toward an antitumoral phenotype. Previously, we demonstrated that macrophages secreted antitumoral factors when they were invalidated for the proprotein converstase 1/3 (PC1/3) and treated with LPS. However, achieving an activation of macrophages via LPS/TLR4/Myd88-dependent pathway appears yet unfeasible in cancer patients. On the contrary, the antitumor drug Paclitaxel is also known to activate the TLR4 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway and mimics LPS action. Therefore, we evaluated if PC1/3 knock-down (KD) macrophages could be activated by Paclitaxel and efficient against glioma. We report here that such a treatment of PC1/3 KD macrophages drove to the overexpression of proteins mainly involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement. In support of this finding, we found that these cells exhibited a Ca2+ increase after Paclitaxel treatment. This is indicative of a possible depolymerization of microtubules and may therefore reflect an activation of inflammatory pathways in macrophages. In such a way, we found that PC1/3 KD macrophages displayed a repression of the anti-inflammatory pathway STAT3 and secreted more pro-inflammatory cytokines. Extracellular vesicles isolated from these PC1/3 KD cells inhibited glioma growth. Finally, the supernatant collected from the coculture between glioma cells and PC1/3 KD macrophages contained more antitumoral factors. These findings unravel the potential value of a new therapeutic strategy combining Paclitaxel and PC1/3 inhibition to switch macrophages toward an antitumoral immunophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Duhamel
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France;
| | - Mélanie Rose
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France.,§Oncovet Clinical Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Franck Rodet
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Adriana Natalia Murgoci
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France.,§§Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lea Zografidou
- ¶Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 15, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- ¶Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 15, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabien Vanden Abeele
- ‖Inserm U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Serge Nataf
- ‡‡Inserm U-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
| | - Laurent Pays
- ‡‡Inserm U-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
| | - Maxence Wisztorski
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- §§Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
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19
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Brody JR, Dixon DA. Complex HuR function in pancreatic cancer cells. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 9:e1469. [PMID: 29452455 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with dismal patient outcomes. The underlying core genetic drivers of disease have been identified in human tumor specimens and described in genetically engineered mouse models. These genetic drivers of PDAC include KRAS signaling, TP53 mutations, and genetic loss of the SMAD4 tumor suppressor protein. Beyond the known mutational landscape of PDAC genomes, alternative disrupted targets that extend beyond conventional genetic mutations have been elusive and understudied in the context of PDAC cell therapeutic resistance and survival. This last point is important because PDAC tumors have a unique and complex tumor microenvironment that includes hypoxic and nutrient-deprived niches that could select for cell populations that garner therapeutic resistance, explaining tumor heterogeneity in regards to response to different therapies. We and others have embarked in a line of investigation focused on the key molecular mechanism of posttranscriptional gene regulation that is altered in PDAC cells and supports this pro-survival phenotype intrinsic to PDAC cells. Specifically, the key regulator of this mechanism is a RNA-binding protein, HuR (ELAVL1), first described in cancer nearly two decades ago. Herein, we will provide a brief overview of the work demonstrating the importance of this RNA-binding protein in PDAC biology and then provide insight into ongoing work developing therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting this molecule in PDAC cells. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brody
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Cancer Biology and University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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20
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Velmurugan BK, Yeh KT, Lee CH, Lin SH, Chin MC, Chiang SL, Wang ZH, Hua CH, Tsai MH, Chang JG, Ko YC. Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A) association with lymph node metastasis predicts poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10879-90. [PMID: 26918356 PMCID: PMC4905446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A) is a multifunctional protein aberrantly expressed in various types of cancers. However, its expression pattern and clinical significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. In this study, we immunohistochemically investigated the expression pattern of ANP32A in 259 OSCC patients and the results were correlated with clinicopathological factors using Allred, Klein and Immunoreactive scoring (IRS) system. Our data indicated that high expression of ANP32A was significantly associated with N stage and tumor differentiation status in OSCC patients. High ANP32A expression with N2/N3 stage had an increased mortality risk than low ANP32A expressing OSCC patients with N0/N1 stage. Functional studies revealed that knockdown of ANP32A significantly decreased the migration and invasion ability thereby concomitantly increasing E-cadherin and decreasing Slug, Claudin-1 and Vimentin expression in vitro. These results suggest that ANP32A is commonly increased in oral squamous cell carcinoma and ANP32A protein could act as a potential biomarker for prognosis assessment of oral cancer patients with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chung Chin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lun Chiang
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Hua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Amrutkar M, Gladhaug IP. Pancreatic Cancer Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E157. [PMID: 29144412 PMCID: PMC5704175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), commonly referred to as pancreatic cancer, ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the Western world due to disease presentation at an advanced stage, early metastasis and generally a very limited response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone of PDAC treatment in all stages of the disease despite suboptimal clinical effects primarily caused by molecular mechanisms limiting its cellular uptake and activation and overall efficacy, as well as the development of chemoresistance within weeks of treatment initiation. To circumvent gemcitabine resistance in PDAC, several novel therapeutic approaches, including chemical modifications of the gemcitabine molecule generating numerous new prodrugs, as well as new entrapment designs of gemcitabine in colloidal systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes, are currently being investigated. Many of these approaches are reported to be more efficient than the parent gemcitabine molecule when tested in cellular systems and in vivo in murine tumor model systems; however, although promising, their translation to clinical use is still in a very early phase. This review discusses gemcitabine metabolism, activation and chemoresistance entities in the gemcitabine cytotoxicity pathway and provides an overview of approaches to override chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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22
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Muralidharan R, Mehta M, Ahmed R, Roy S, Xu L, Aubé J, Chen A, Zhao YD, Herman T, Ramesh R, Munshi A. HuR-targeted small molecule inhibitor exhibits cytotoxicity towards human lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9694. [PMID: 28855578 PMCID: PMC5577245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human antigen (Hu) R is an RNA-binding protein whose overexpression in human cancer correlates with aggressive disease, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. HuR inhibition has profound anticancer activity. Pharmacologic inhibitors can overcome the limitations of genetic inhibition. In this study, we examined the antitumor activity of CMLD-2, a small-molecule inhibitor directed against HuR, using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a model. CMLD-2 efficacy was tested in vitro using H1299, A549, HCC827, and H1975 NSCLC cells and MRC-9 and CCD-16 normal human fibroblasts. Treatment of NSCLC cells with CMLD-2 produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity, caused a G1 phase cell-cycle arrest and induced apoptosis. CMLD-2 decreased HuR mRNA and the mRNAs of HuR-regulated proteins (Bcl2 and p27) in tumor cells. Additionally, reduction in the expression of HuR, Bcl2, cyclin E, and Bcl-XL with increased expression of Bax and p27 in CMLD-2-treated NSCLC cells were observed. CMLD-2-treated normal cells, HuR-regulated mRNAs and proteins albeit showed some reduction were less compared to tumor cells. Finally, CMLD-2 treatment resulted in greater mitochondrial perturbation, activation of caspase-9 and -3 and cleavage of PARP in tumor cells compared to normal cells. Our proof-of concept study results demonstrate CMLD-2 represents a promising HuR-targeted therapeutic class that with further development could lead to advanced preclinical studied and ultimately for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganayaki Muralidharan
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Rebaz Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Sudeshna Roy
- Division of Chemical Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, 66160, Kansas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Allshine Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Yan Daniel Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Terence Herman
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA. .,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.
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23
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Yan W, Bai Z, Wang J, Li X, Chi B, Chen X. ANP32A modulates cell growth by regulating p38 and Akt activity in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1605-1612. [PMID: 28731192 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A) possesses multiple biochemical activities, has been found to be decreased or absent in malignant tumors. However, new findings have shown that it is expressed in greater amounts in advanced cancers than in early-stage tumors. The role and clinical significance of ANP32A in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unknown. In the present study, the expression of ANP32A was assessed in 68 CRC patients by IHC, and then the correlation of its expression with clinicopathological factors was investigated using the Allred, Klein and immune response scoring system analysis. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses were used to assess ANP32A expression and the activity of Akt and p38 in cancer and normal tissues. These data indicated a significant association between ANP32A expression and the activity of Akt and p38, besides the tumor differentiation status in CRC patients. IHC and western blotting data revealed that ANP32A was overexpressed in CRC patients, and ANP32A levels were higher in poorly differentiated tumors. Protein and mRNA analysis revealed that with a high expression of ANP32A, the activation of Akt was enhanced, while the p-38 phosphorylation level was decreased in CRC tissues. MTT assay and functional studies revealed that knockdown of ANP32A inhibited cell growth and induced p38 phosphorylation and Akt dephosphorylation. The present study indicated that ANP32A promoted CRC proliferation by inhibition of p38 and activation of Akt signaling pathways and suggested that ANP32A may play a potential role in CRC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Zhun Bai
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital XiangYa Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xumei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Bixia Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
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24
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Gauchotte G, Hergalant S, Vigouroux C, Casse JM, Houlgatte R, Kaoma T, Helle D, Brochin L, Rech F, Peyre M, Labrousse F, Vallar L, Guéant JL, Vignaud JM, Battaglia-Hsu SF. Cytoplasmic overexpression of RNA-binding protein HuR is a marker of poor prognosis in meningioma, and HuR knockdown decreases meningioma cell growth and resistance to hypoxia. J Pathol 2017; 242:421-434. [PMID: 28493484 DOI: 10.1002/path.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HuR regulates cytoplasmic mRNA stability and translatability, and the HuR expression level has been shown to correlate with poor disease outcome in several cancer types; however, the prognostic value and potential pro-oncogenic properties of HuR in meningioma remain unclear. Thus, in the present study, we analysed 85 meningioma tissue samples to establish the relationship between HuR expression, tumour cell proliferation, and/or patient survival. In addition, we examined the anti-proliferative effects of HuR knockdown in two meningioma cell lines (IOMM-Lee and Ben-Men-1) and conducted transcriptome-wide analyses (IOMM-Lee cells) to elucidate the molecular consequences of HuR knockdown. The results of the present study showed HuR cytoplasmic expression to correlate positively with tumour grade (p = 1.2 × 10-8 ) and negatively with progression-free and overall survival (p = 0.01) time in human meningioma tissues. In vitro, siHuR-induced HuR knockdown was shown to reduce the growth of both Ben-Men-1 (p = 2 × 10-8 ) and IOMM-Lee (p = 4 × 10-9 ) cells. Transcriptome analyses revealed HuR knockdown in IOMM-Lee cells to deregulate the HIF1A signalling pathway (p = 1.5 × 10-6 ) and to up-regulate the expression of genes essential for the assembly of the cytoplasmic mRNA processing body, global genome nucleotide-excision repair, poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity, the positive regulation of apoptosis and of cell cycle arrest, and the negative regulation of RNA splicing [p(FDR) < 0.001]. Interestingly, HuR knockdown under hypoxic culture conditions further potentiated the effects of HuR knockdown on cell growth, apoptosis, and HIF1A expression. We thus conclude that cytoplasmic HuR expression is a marker of poor prognosis in meningioma and that HuR is a promising potential therapeutic target for use in tumours refractory to standard therapies. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gauchotte
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Hergalant
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Jean-Matthieu Casse
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France
| | - Rémi Houlgatte
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Déborah Helle
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Fabien Rech
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France.,Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Peyre
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurent Vallar
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,M2TP, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHRU, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vignaud
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France.,Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU Nancy, France
| | - Shyue-Fang Battaglia-Hsu
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,M2TP, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHRU, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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25
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Xu X, Song C, Chen Z, Yu C, Wang Y, Tang Y, Luo J. Downregulation of HuR Inhibits the Progression of Esophageal Cancer through Interleukin-18. Cancer Res Treat 2017; 50:71-87. [PMID: 28231690 PMCID: PMC5784622 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of human antigen R (HuR) downregulation and the potential target genes of HuR on the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods In this study, a proteomics assay was used to detect the expression of proteins after HuR downregulation, and a luciferase assay was used to detect the potential presence of a HuR binding site on the 3’-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of interleukin 18 (IL-18). In addition, colony formation assay, MTT, EdU incorporation assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, transwell invasion assay, and wound healing assay were used. Results In the present study, we found that the expression of both HuR protein and mRNA levels were higher in tumor tissues than in the adjacent tissues. HuR downregulation significantly suppressed cell proliferation. In addition, the metastasis of esophageal cancer cells was inhibited, while the expression of E-cadherin was increased and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP9, and vimentin was decreased after HuR knockdown. Moreover, silencing of HuR disturbed the cell cycle of ESCC cells mainly by inducing G1 arrest. Furthermore, proteomics analysis showed that downregulation of HuR in TE-1 cells resulted in 100 upregulated and 122 downregulated proteins, including IL-18 as a significantly upregulated protein. The expression of IL-18 was inversely regulated by HuR. IL-18 expression was decreased in ESCC tissues, and exogenous IL-18 significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC cells. The 3'-UTR of IL-18 harbored a HuR binding site, as shown by an in vitro luciferase assay. Conclusion HuR plays an important role in the progression of esophageal carcinoma by targeting IL-18, which may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zaozhuang Mining Group, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenxiao Yu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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26
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Miyata Y, Mitsunari K, Akihiro A, Watanabe SI, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Sakai H. Human antigen R as a predictive marker for response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in advanced cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:811-818. [PMID: 28356963 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with advanced urothelial cancer (UC), a combination of cisplatin (CDDP) and gemcitabine (GEM) is the most commonly used first-line systematic chemotherapy regimen. Although no standard regime for the treatment of CDDP-resistant UC has been established, GEM-based regimens are frequently used in these patients. In other types of cancer, human antigen R (HuR) status in cancer cells is closely associated with patient response to GEM. The aim of the present study was to establish the predictive potential of HuR expression for disease progression and survival in patients with UC who were treated with GEM-based regimens as a first or second-line chemotherapy. A total of 50 patients with advanced UC were enrolled in the current study. As first-line chemotherapy, methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin and CDDP (MVEC) combination therapy and GEM and CDDP combination therapy were administered in 34 (68.0%) and 16 patients (32.0%), respectively. Following progression, 45 patients (90.0%) were treated with combined GEM and paclitaxel therapy, and 5 patients (10.0%) were treated with GEM monotherapy. Cytoplasmic and nuclear HuR expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical techniques. The associations between HuR expression levels and local tumor response and treatment outcomes were analyzed. In first-line chemotherapy, no anticancer effects were observed to be significantly associated with nuclear or cytoplasmic HuR expression. In second-line chemotherapy nuclear HuR expression also exhibited no significant association with anticancer effects; however, the local tumor response was significantly improved if positive cytoplasmic HuR expression was present (P=0.002). Multivariate analyses revealed that cytoplasmic HuR expression levels were a significant predictive marker for longer OS (hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.56; P=0.001). No significant association was observed between nuclear HuR expression levels and the overall survival. Therefore, cytoplasmic HuR expression is a significant predictive marker of response to GEM-based chemotherapy in patients with CDDP-resistant UC. Despite the limitations of a small and retrospective study, the results of the present study may facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies and provide a focus for additional basic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Asai Akihiro
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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27
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Janakiraman H, House RP, Talwar S, Courtney SM, Hazard ES, Hardiman G, Mehrotra S, Howe PH, Gangaraju V, Palanisamy V. Repression of caspase-3 and RNA-binding protein HuR cleavage by cyclooxygenase-2 promotes drug resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:3137-3148. [PMID: 27941877 PMCID: PMC5453834 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A well-studied RNA-binding protein Hu Antigen-R (HuR), controls post-transcriptional gene regulation and undergoes stress-activated caspase-3 dependent cleavage in cancer cells. The cleavage products of HuR are known to promote cell death however, the underlying molecular mechanisms facilitating caspase-3 activation and HuR cleavage remains unknown. Here, we show that HuR cleavage associated with active caspase-3 in oral cancer cells treated with ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel. We determined that oral cancer cells overexpressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) limited the cleavage of caspase-3 and HuR, which reduced the rate of cell death in paclitaxel resistant oral cancer cells. Specific inhibition of COX-2 by celecoxib, promoted apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of HuR in paclitaxel-resistant oral cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, oral cancer cells overexpressing cellular HuR increased the half-life of COX-2 mRNA, promoted COX-2 protein expression and exhibited enhanced tumor growth in vivo in comparison with cells expressing a cleavable form of HuR. Finally, our ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation and sequencing (RIP-seq) analyses of HuR in oral cancer cells treated with ionizing radiation (IR), determined that HuR cleavage product-1 (HuR-CP1) bound and promoted the expression of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in apoptosis. Our results indicated that, cellular non-cleavable HuR controls COX-2 mRNA expression and enzymatic activity. In addition, overexpressed COX-2 protein repressed the cleavage of caspase-3 and HuR to promote drug resistance and tumor growth. Altogether, our observations support the use of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib, in combination with paclitaxel, for the management of paclitaxel resistant oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Janakiraman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R P House
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Talwar
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S M Courtney
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - E S Hazard
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Library Science and Informatics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - G Hardiman
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - V Gangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - V Palanisamy
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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28
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Giaginis C, Alexandrou P, Delladetsima I, Karavokyros I, Danas E, Giagini A, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. Clinical Significance of Hu-Antigen Receptor (HuR) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Human Malignant and Benign Thyroid Lesions. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:189-96. [PMID: 26498465 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hu-antigen R (HuR) is considered to play a crucial role in tumor formation and growth by binding to mRNAs encoding proteins such as Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducing their expression via mRNA stabilization and/or altered translation. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of HuR and COX-2 proteins’ expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions. HuR and COX-2 proteins’ expression was assessed immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues obtained from 98 patients with benign (n = 48) and malignant (n = 50) lesions and was statistically analyzed with clinicopathological parameters, follicular cells’ proliferative capacity and recurrence risk rate. Enhanced HuR and COX-2 expression was significantly more frequently observed in malignant compared to benign thyroid lesions (p = 0.0073 and p = 0.0016, respectively), as well as in papillary carcinomas compared to hyperplastic nodules (p = 0.0039 and p = 0.0009, respectively). Positive associations of both HuR and COX-2 expression with follicular cells’ proliferation rate were also noted (p = 0.0087 and p = 0.0127, respectively). In malignant thyroid lesions, elevated COX-2 expression was significantly associated with female patients’ gender (p = 0.0381) and the presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.0296). The present data support evidence that both HuR and COX-2 may be involved in the malignant state of thyroid neoplasia and may be utilized in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumors.
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29
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Romeo C, Weber MC, Zarei M, DeCicco D, Chand SN, Lobo AD, Winter JM, Sawicki JA, Sachs JN, Meisner-Kober N, Yeo CJ, Vadigepalli R, Tykocinski ML, Brody JR. HuR Contributes to TRAIL Resistance by Restricting Death Receptor 4 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:599-611. [PMID: 27053682 PMCID: PMC5312260 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal cancers, in part, due to resistance to both conventional and targeted therapeutics. TRAIL directly induces apoptosis through engagement of cell surface Death Receptors (DR4 and DR5), and has been explored as a molecular target for cancer treatment. Clinical trials with recombinant TRAIL and DR-targeting agents, however, have failed to show overall positive outcomes. Herein, we identify a novel TRAIL resistance mechanism governed by Hu antigen R (HuR, ELAV1), a stress-response protein abundant and functional in PDA cells. Exogenous HuR overexpression in TRAIL-sensitive PDA cell lines increases TRAIL resistance whereas silencing HuR in TRAIL-resistant PDA cells, by siRNA oligo-transfection, decreases TRAIL resistance. PDA cell exposure to soluble TRAIL induces HuR translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that HuR interacts with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of DR4 mRNA. Pre-treatment of PDA cells with MS-444 (Novartis), an established small molecule inhibitor of HuR, substantially increased DR4 and DR5 cell surface levels and enhanced TRAIL sensitivity, further validating HuR's role in affecting TRAIL apoptotic resistance. NanoString analyses on the transcriptome of TRAIL-exposed PDA cells identified global HuR-mediated increases in antiapoptotic processes. Taken together, these data extend HuR's role as a key regulator of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. IMPLICATIONS Discovery of an important new HuR-mediated TRAIL resistance mechanism suggests that tumor-targeted HuR inhibition increases sensitivity to TRAIL-based therapeutics and supports their re-evaluation as an effective treatment for PDA patients. Mol Cancer Res; 14(7); 599-611. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmella Romeo
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew C Weber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mahsa Zarei
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle DeCicco
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saswati N Chand
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angie D Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janet A Sawicki
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan N Sachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Charles J Yeo
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark L Tykocinski
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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30
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Jakstaite A, Maziukiene A, Silkuniene G, Kmieliute K, Gulbinas A, Dambrauskas Z. HuR mediated post-transcriptional regulation as a new potential adjuvant therapeutic target in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:13004-13019. [PMID: 26675757 PMCID: PMC4674719 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i46.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of HuR in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and to assess the effects of HuR silencing on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the in vitro response to gemcitabine (GEM) treatment in pancreatic cell lines.
METHODS: We compared the expression of HuR, COX-2, and HO-1 in PDA and normal pancreatic tissue using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. In addition, the HuR, COX-2 and HO-1 were analyzed in four types of cancer cell lines (MiaPaca2, Su.86.86, Capan-1, and Capan-2) with and without GEM treatment. Immunocytofluorescence analysis was used to investigate HuR localization in cells. Cell viability and response to GEM after HuR silencing were determined with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test and the crystal violet clonogenic assay, respectively. To measure apoptosis, activation of caspases 3/7 was evaluated using immunofluorescence.
RESULTS: In PDA tissue obtained from patients not treated with GEM, HuR mRNA expression was 3.2 times lower (P < 0.05) and COX-2 and HO-1 mRNA expression was 2.3-fold and 7.2-fold higher (P < 0.05), respectively, than normal pancreatic tissue (from organ donor). qRT-PCR analysis showed that HuR, COX-2, and HO-1 mRNA were overexpressed in all cancer cell lines treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) dose of GEM compared with control cells (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that COX-2 and HO-1 levels were significantly decreased in cancer cells after HuR silencing. Furthermore, HuR silencing increased the response to GEM treatment and decreased cell viability by 11.6%-53.7% compared to control cell lines. Caspases 3 and 7 were activated after HuR silencing and GEM treatment in all pancreatic cancer cell lines. In comparison, treatment with GEM alone did not activate caspases 3 and 7 in the same cell lines.
CONCLUSION: HuR mediated post-transcriptional upregulation of COX-2 and HO-1 expression after GEM treatment in pancreatic cancer cells. HuR silencing significantly increased the effectiveness of GEM treatment in vitro.
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MESH Headings
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 7/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- ELAV-Like Protein 1/genetics
- ELAV-Like Protein 1/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Humans
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- RNA Interference
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- Transfection
- Gemcitabine
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Yuzefovych Y, Blasczyk R, Huyton T. Oncogenic acidic nuclear phosphoproteins ANP32C/D are novel clients of heat shock protein 90. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2338-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vigouroux C, Casse JM, Battaglia-Hsu SF, Brochin L, Luc A, Paris C, Lacomme S, Gueant JL, Vignaud JM, Gauchotte G. Methyl(R217)HuR and MCM6 are inversely correlated and are prognostic markers in non small cell lung carcinoma. Lung Cancer 2015; 89:189-96. [PMID: 26013954 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), earlier studies supported a prognostic value of intra-cytoplasmic HuR expression. HuR is a RNA binding protein previously shown to stimulate proliferation, but the link between HuR and proliferation in NSCLC has not yet been evaluated. The first objective of this study was to analyze the expression of HuR in a series of NSCLC and to correlate this to two proliferation markers, Ki-67 and MCM6. As potential post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for HuR expression, two miRNAs, miR16 and miR519, were also analyzed. Finally, because HuR methylation could be involved in its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, the expression of methyl(R217)HuR and its relation to cancer survival were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of HuR, methy(R217)HuR, Ki-67 and MCM6 in a series of 190 NSCLCs. The level of miR16 and miR519 was determined by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Higher cytoplasmic HuR staining was found in tumor vs. control paired normal lung (p<0.0001), but without correlation with survival. The level of methyl(R217)HuR was correlated both significantly with intra-cytoplasmic HuR staining (p<0.001), and overall survival (p=0.01). MCM6 correlated to a poorer overall survival (p<0.01). Both MCM6 and Ki-67 were positively correlated with HuR nuclear staining (p<0.0001 and p<0.001, respectively). On the contrary, MCM6 and Ki-67 correlated inversely to methyl(R217)HuR (p<0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). The levels of miR16 and miR519 were significantly lower in tumor tissue vs. paired normal lung (p<0.0001), but only miR519 correlated inversely to HuR expression (p=0.01). CONCLUSION While overall cytoplasmic HuR level was higher in tumor tissues, we found unexpectedly that methyl(R217)HuR was a marker of good prognosis. Furthermore, our data suggest that HuR level could be regulated by miR519. Finally, we demonstrated that Ki-67 and MCM6, both correlated with HuR, are valuable markers of poor prognosis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Matthieu Casse
- Department of Pathology, CHU Nancy, France; INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Shyue-Fang Battaglia-Hsu
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, CHU Nancy, France
| | | | - Amandine Luc
- INGRES, EA7298, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Paris
- INGRES, EA7298, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Occupational Diseases, CHU Nancy, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Gueant
- INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, CHU Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vignaud
- Department of Pathology, CHU Nancy, France; INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHU Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Gauchotte
- Department of Pathology, CHU Nancy, France; INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
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The expression and distributions of ANP32A in the developing brain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:207347. [PMID: 25866766 PMCID: PMC4383345 DOI: 10.1155/2015/207347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member A (ANP32A), has multiple functions involved in neuritogenesis, transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis. However, whether ANP32A has an effect on the mammalian developing brain is still in question. In this study, it was shown that brain was the organ that expressed the most abundant ANP32A by human multiple tissue expression (MTE) array. The distribution of ANP32A in the different adult brain areas was diverse dramatically, with high expression in cerebellum, temporal lobe, and cerebral cortex and with low expression in pons, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord. The expression of ANP32A was higher in the adult brain than in the fetal brain of not only humans but also mice in a time-dependent manner. ANP32A signals were dispersed accordantly in embryonic mouse brain. However, ANP32A was abundant in the granular layer of the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex when the mice were growing up, as well as in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The variation of expression levels and distribution of ANP32A in the developing brain would imply that ANP32A may play an important role in mammalian brain development, especially in the differentiation and function of neurons in the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex.
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Gravina GL, Tortoreto M, Mancini A, Addis A, Di Cesare E, Lenzi A, Landesman Y, McCauley D, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Zaffaroni N, Festuccia C. XPO1/CRM1-selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) reduce tumor spreading and improve overall survival in preclinical models of prostate cancer (PCa). J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:46. [PMID: 25284315 PMCID: PMC4283114 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-7-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin 1 (XPO1), also called chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), is the sole exportin mediating transport of many multiple tumor suppressor proteins out of the nucleus. AIM AND METHODS To verify the hypothesis that XPO1 inhibition affects prostate cancer (PCa) metastatic potential, orally available, potent and selective, SINE compounds, Selinexor (KPT- 330) and KPT-251, were tested in preclinical models known to generate bone lesions and systemic tumor spread. RESULTS In vitro, Selinexor reduced both secretion of proteases and ability to migrate and invade of PCa cells. SINEs impaired secretion of pro-angiogenic and pro-osteolytic cytokines and reduced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. In the intra-prostatic growth model, Selinexor reduced DU145 tumor growth by 41% and 61% at the doses of 4 mg/Kg qd/5 days and 10 mg/Kg q2dx3 weeks, respectively, as well as the incidence of macroscopic visceral metastases. In a systemic metastasis model, following intracardiac injection of PCb2 cells, 80% (8/10) of controls, 10% (1/10) Selinexor- and 20% (2/10) KPT-251-treated animals developed radiographic evidence of lytic bone lesions. Similarly, after intra-tibial injection, the lytic areas were higher in controls than in Selinexor and KPT-251 groups. Analogously, the serum levels of osteoclast markers (mTRAP and type I collagen fragment, CTX), were significantly higher in controls than in Selinexor- and KPT-251-treated animals. Importantly, overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly higher in Selinexor- and KPT-251-treated animals when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Selective blockade of XPO1-dependent nuclear export represents a completely novel approach for the treatment of advanced and metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- />Department of Experimental Medicine, Pathophysiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- />Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Addis
- />Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Cesare
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- />Department of Experimental Medicine, Pathophysiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- />Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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35
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Giaginis C, Alexandrou P, Tsoukalas N, Sfiniadakis I, Kavantzas N, Agapitos E, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. Hu-antigen receptor (HuR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma: associations with clinicopathological parameters, tumor proliferative capacity and patients' survival. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:315-27. [PMID: 25252849 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hu-antigen R (HuR) is considered to play a central role in tumor formation, growth, and metastasis by binding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducing their expression via mRNA stabilization and/or altered translation. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of HuR and COX-2 protein expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). HuR and COX-2 expression was assessed immunohistochemically on tissue microarrays of 81 surgically resected NSCLC and was analyzed in relation with clinicopathological characteristics and patients' survival. Enhanced total HuR expression was significantly associated with tumor histological type and presence of lymph node metastases, as well as with increased tumor proliferative capacity and poor patients' outcome (p = 0.039, p = 0.017, p = 0.033, and p = 0.022, respectively). Enhanced COX-2 expression was significantly associated with the presence of lymphovascular invasion and increased tumor proliferative capacity (p = 0.031 and p = 0.023, respectively). Concomitant elevated HuR/COX-2 expression levels were significantly associated with tumor histological type and increased proliferative capacity (p = 0.002 and p = 0.045, respectively). Enhanced total HuR expression, as well as its cytoplasmic localization, was significantly associated with increased COX-2 expression (p = 0.015 and p = 0.001, respectively). The present study supported evidence that HuR may participate in malignant transformation of NSCLC, reinforcing its usefulness as potential therapeutic target in this type of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Giaginis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias str, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
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36
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Kotta-Loizou I, Giaginis C, Theocharis S. Clinical significance of HuR expression in human malignancy. Med Oncol 2014; 31:161. [PMID: 25112469 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hu-antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the stability, translation, and nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation of target mRNAs. The aim of the present review was to summarize and present the currently available information in the English literature on HuR expression in various human tumors, verifying its possible clinical significance. HuR function is directly linked to its subcellular localization. In normal cells, HuR is mostly localized in the nucleus, while in malignant cells, an increase in cytoplasmic HuR levels has been noted, in both cell lines and tissue samples. Moreover, in malignancy, elevated HuR expression levels and cytoplasmic immunohistochemical pattern have been correlated with advanced clinicopathological parameters and altered expression levels of proteins implicated in neoplasia. Additionally, elevated HuR expression levels and mainly cytoplasmic immunohistochemical pattern were correlated with decreased patients' survival rate in various human tumors. HuR is a putative drug target for cancer therapy, since it is expressed ubiquitously in malignant clinical samples and has an apparently consistent role in tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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37
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Buddaseth S, Göttmann W, Blasczyk R, Huyton T. Overexpression of the pp32r1 (ANP32C) oncogene or its functional mutant pp32r1Y140H confers enhanced resistance to FTY720 (Finguimod). Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 15:289-96. [PMID: 24335183 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.27307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
pp32r1 (ANP32C) is oncogenic and has been shown to be overexpressed in tumors of the breast, prostate, and pancreas. In this work we show that pp32 family proteins are able to bind to the sphingosine analog FTY720 (Finguimod). Molecular docking studies highlight that a conserved residue F136 is likely to be a key determinant of the FTY720 binding site on the pp32 leucine-rich repeat domain. Transduction of the renal carcinoma cell line ACHN or cervical cancer cell line HeLa with lentivirus expressing the oncogenic family member pp32r1 or a pp32r1Y140H functional mutant illustrated an enhanced resistance to FTY720 induced apoptosis. These findings highlight that certain cancers overexpressing pp32r1 or pp32r1 mutants are likely to demonstrate enhanced resistance to FTY720 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Buddaseth
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; Hannover Medical School; Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Göttmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; Hannover Medical School; Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; Hannover Medical School; Hannover, Germany
| | - Trevor Huyton
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; Hannover Medical School; Hannover, Germany
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38
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Predictive and prognostic significance of cytoplasmic expression of ELAV-like protein HuR in invasive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 141:213-24. [PMID: 24036660 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic HuR is associated with reduced survival in invasive breast cancer. We designed this study to determine the predictive and prognostic value of HuR expression in women with breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. We immunohistochemically analyzed cytoplasmic HuR expression in tumor biopsy cores obtained from 139 patients with invasive breast cancers who received paclitaxel and anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We evaluated the relationship of HuR expression level with pathologic complete response (pCR), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Cytoplasmic HuR expression was present in 60 cases (43.2 %). The expression of cytoplasmic HuR was significantly associated with high nuclear grade (P < 0.0001) and ER (P = 0.001) and PR (P = 0.005) status. Multivariate regression analysis further revealed that high nuclear grade (P = 0.023), negative ER status (P = 0.043), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression (P < 0.0001), but not cytoplasmic HuR expression, were significant independent predictors of pCR. Interestingly, multivariate Cox analysis revealed that cytoplasmic HuR expression was a strong independent predictor of reduced LRFS (P = 0.014), DRFS (P = 0.001), RFS (P < 0.0001), and OS (P = 0.019) irrespective of pCR. Furthermore, the patient group with tumors showing both expression of cytoplasmic HuR and non-pCR had a worse prognosis in LRFS (P = 0.048), DRFS (P < 0.0001), RFS (P < 0.0001), and OS (P = 0.001) than did other patient groups; patients with tumors showing negative cytoplasmic expression of HuR and pCR had the best prognosis in all RFS and OS. Cytoplasmic expression of HuR is an independent prognostic marker in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Combination analyses of HuR expression and pCR, compared with pCR alone, can better predict clinical outcome in patients with primary breast cancer.
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Wang J, Guo Y, Chu H, Guan Y, Bi J, Wang B. Multiple functions of the RNA-binding protein HuR in cancer progression, treatment responses and prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10015-41. [PMID: 23665903 PMCID: PMC3676826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein, HuR, is a member of the Hu family of RNA-binding proteins. Over the past decade, this ubiquitously expressed protein has been extensively investigated in cancer research because it is involved in the regulation of mRNA stability and translation in many cell types. HuR activity and function is associated with its subcellular distribution, transcriptional regulation, translational and post-translational modifications. HuR regulation of target mRNAs is based on the interaction between the three specific domains of HuR protein and one or several U- or AU-rich elements (AREs) in the untranslated region of target mRNAs. A number of cancer-related transcripts containing AREs, including mRNAs for proto-oncogenes, cytokines, growth factors, and invasion factors, have been characterized as HuR targets. It has been proposed that HuR has a central tumorigenic activity by enabling multiple cancer phenotypes. In this review, we comprehensively survey the existing evidence with regard to the diverse functions of HuR in caner development and progression. The current data also suggest that HuR might be a novel and promising therapeutic target and a marker for treatment response and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-531-5166-5336; Fax: +86-531-5166-6649
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Outpatient, Military Command of Shandong Province, Jinan 250013, China; E-Mail:
| | - Huili Chu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Yaping Guan
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Jingwang Bi
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
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Hung SW, Mody HR, Govindarajan R. Overcoming nucleoside analog chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer: a therapeutic challenge. Cancer Lett 2012; 320:138-49. [PMID: 22425961 PMCID: PMC3569094 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical refractoriness to nucleoside analogs (e.g., gemcitabine, capecitabine) is a major scientific problem and is one of the main reasons underlying the extremely poor prognostic state of pancreatic cancer. The drugs' effects are suboptimal partly due to cellular mechanisms limiting their transport, activation, and overall efficacy. Nonetheless, novel therapeutic approaches are presently under study to circumvent nucleoside analog resistance in pancreatic cancer. With these new approaches come additional challenges to be addressed. This review describes the determinants of chemoresistance in the gemcitabine cytotoxicity pathways, provides an overview of investigational approaches for overcoming chemoresistance, and discusses new challenges presented. Understanding the future directions of the field may assist in the successful development of novel treatment strategies for enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Wai Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hardik R. Mody
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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41
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Valsecchi ME, Holdbrook T, Leiby BE, Pequignot E, Littman SJ, Yeo CJ, Brody JR, Witkiewicz AK. Is there a role for the quantification of RRM1 and ERCC1 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? BMC Cancer 2012; 12:104. [PMID: 22436573 PMCID: PMC3364898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RRM1 and ERCC1 overexpression has been extensively investigated as potential predictive markers of tumor sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy agents, most thoroughly in lung cancer. However, data in pancreatic cancer are scarce. Methods We investigated the mRNA and protein expression of ERCC1 and RRM1 by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDA) tissues. The primary outcome investigated was the association between RRM1 and ERCC1 expression and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). Results A total of 94 patients with resected PDA were included in this study. Most of them (87%) received gemcitabine based chemotherapy. Data for OS analysis was available in all cases but only 68% had enough information to estimate DFS. IHC analysis revealed information for 99% (93/94) and 100% of the cases for RRM1 and ERCC1 expression respectively. However, PCR data interpretation was possible in only 49 (52%) and 79 (84%) cases respectively. There was no significant association between high or low expression of either RRM1 or ERCC1, detected by IHC and OS (14.4 vs. 19.9 months; P = 0.5 and 17.1 vs. 19.9; P = 0.83 respectively) or PCR and OS (48.0 vs. 24.1 months; P = 0.21 and 22.0 vs. 16.0 months; P = 0.39 respectively). Similar results were obtained for DFS. Conclusions RRM1 and ERCC1 expression does not seem to have a clear predictive or prognostic value in pancreatic cancer. Our data raise some questions regarding the real clinical and practical significance of analyzing these molecules as predictors of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias E Valsecchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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42
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Voutsadakis IA. Molecular predictors of gemcitabine response in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2011; 3:153-64. [PMID: 22110842 PMCID: PMC3220724 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v3.i11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is one of the most used anti-neoplastic drugs with documented activity in almost all major localizations of cancer. In pancreatic cancer treatment, gemcitabine occupies a prominent place as a first line chemotherapy, partly because of the paucity of other efficacious chemotherapy options. In fact, only a minority of pancreatic cancer patients display a response or even stability of disease with the drug. There are currently no clinically applicable means of predicting which patient will derive a clinical benefit from gemcitabine although several proposed markers have been studied. These markers are proteins involved in drug up-take, activation and catabolism or proteins that define the ability of the cell to undergo apoptosis in response to the drug. Several of these markers are reviewed in this paper. We also briefly discuss the possible role of stem cells in drug resistance to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis, Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
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