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Curto Y, Carceller H, Klimczak P, Perez-Rando M, Wang Q, Grewe K, Kawaguchi R, Rizzoli S, Geschwind D, Nave KA, Teruel-Marti V, Singh M, Ehrenreich H, Nácher J. Erythropoietin restrains the inhibitory potential of interneurons in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02528-2. [PMID: 38622200 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Severe psychiatric illnesses, for instance schizophrenia, and affective diseases or autism spectrum disorders, have been associated with cognitive impairment and perturbed excitatory-inhibitory balance in the brain. Effects in juvenile mice can elucidate how erythropoietin (EPO) might aid in rectifying hippocampal transcriptional networks and synaptic structures of pyramidal lineages, conceivably explaining mitigation of neuropsychiatric diseases. An imminent conundrum is how EPO restores synapses by involving interneurons. By analyzing ~12,000 single-nuclei transcriptomic data, we generated a comprehensive molecular atlas of hippocampal interneurons, resolved into 15 interneuron subtypes. Next, we studied molecular alterations upon recombinant human (rh)EPO and saw that gene expression changes relate to synaptic structure, trans-synaptic signaling and intracellular catabolic pathways. Putative ligand-receptor interactions between pyramidal and inhibitory neurons, regulating synaptogenesis, are altered upon rhEPO. An array of in/ex vivo experiments confirms that specific interneuronal populations exhibit reduced dendritic complexity, synaptic connectivity, and changes in plasticity-related molecules. Metabolism and inhibitory potential of interneuron subgroups are compromised, leading to greater excitability of pyramidal neurons. To conclude, improvement by rhEPO of neuropsychiatric phenotypes may partly owe to restrictive control over interneurons, facilitating re-connectivity and synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Curto
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Héctor Carceller
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrycja Klimczak
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Rando
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Qing Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Grewe
- Department of Neuro- & Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Silvio Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- & Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vicent Teruel-Marti
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany.
- Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Juan Nácher
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Mahmud A, Avramescu RG, Niu Z, Flores C. Awakening the dormant: Role of axonal guidance cues in stress-induced reorganization of the adult prefrontal cortex leading to depression-like behavior. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1113023. [PMID: 37035502 PMCID: PMC10079902 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic and disabling disorder affecting roughly 280 million people worldwide. While multiple brain areas have been implicated, dysfunction of prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuitry has been consistently documented in MDD, as well as in animal models for stress-induced depression-like behavioral states. During brain development, axonal guidance cues organize neuronal wiring by directing axonal pathfinding and arborization, dendritic growth, and synapse formation. Guidance cue systems continue to be expressed in the adult brain and are emerging as important mediators of synaptic plasticity and fine-tuning of mature neural networks. Dysregulation or interference of guidance cues has been linked to depression-like behavioral abnormalities in rodents and MDD in humans. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of guidance cues in stress-induced changes in adult prefrontal cortex circuitry and in precipitating depression-like behaviors. We discuss how modulating axonal guidance cue systems could be a novel approach for precision medicine and the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Mahmud
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Zhipeng Niu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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3
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Varbanov H, Jia S, Kochlamazashvili G, Bhattacharya S, Buabeid MA, El Tabbal M, Hayani H, Stoyanov S, Sun W, Thiesler H, Röckle I, Hildebrandt H, Senkov O, Suppiramaniam V, Gerardy-Schahn R, Dityatev A. Rescue of synaptic and cognitive functions in polysialic acid-deficient mice and dementia models by short polysialic acid fragments. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106079. [PMID: 36918046 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cortical expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and deficits of its associated polysialic acid (polySia) have been found in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. However, the functional role of polySia in cortical synaptic plasticity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that acute enzymatic removal of polySia in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) slices leads to increased transmission mediated by the GluN1/GluN2B subtype of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), increased NMDAR-mediated extrasynaptic tonic currents, and impaired long-term potentiation (LTP). The latter could be fully rescued by pharmacological suppression of GluN1/GluN2B receptors, or by application of short soluble polySia fragments that inhibited opening of GluN1/GluN2B channels. These treatments and augmentation of synaptic NMDARs with the glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor sarcosine also restored LTP in mice deficient in polysialyltransferase ST8SIA4. Furthermore, the impaired performance of polySia-deficient mice and two models of Alzheimer's disease in the mPFC-dependent cognitive tasks could be rescued by intranasal administration of polySia fragments. Our data demonstrate the essential role of polySia-NCAM in the balancing of signaling through synaptic/extrasynaptic NMDARs in mPFC and highlight the therapeutic potential of short polySia fragments to restrain GluN1/GluN2B-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Varbanov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, OE 4230, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Shaobo Jia
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gaga Kochlamazashvili
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- School of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Manal Ali Buabeid
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mohamed El Tabbal
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hussam Hayani
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stoyan Stoyanov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Weilun Sun
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris Röckle
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oleg Senkov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, GA 30144, USA
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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4
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Impact of stress on inhibitory neuronal circuits, our tribute to Bruce McEwen. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 19:100460. [PMID: 35734023 PMCID: PMC9207718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Bruce S. McEwen, to commemorate the impact he had on how we understand stress and neuronal plasticity, and the profound influence he exerted on our scientific careers. The focus of this review is the impact of stressors on inhibitory circuits, particularly those of the limbic system, but we also consider other regions affected by these adverse experiences. We revise the effects of acute and chronic stress during different stages of development and lifespan, taking into account the influence of the sex of the animals. We review first the influence of stress on the physiology of inhibitory neurons and on the expression of molecules related directly to GABAergic neurotransmission, and then focus on specific interneuron subpopulations, particularly on parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing cells. Then we analyze the effects of stress on molecules and structures related to the plasticity of inhibitory neurons: the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule and perineuronal nets. Finally, we review the potential of antidepressants or environmental manipulations to revert the effects of stress on inhibitory circuits.
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5
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Gibel-Russo R, Benacom D, Di Nardo AA. Non-Cell-Autonomous Factors Implicated in Parvalbumin Interneuron Maturation and Critical Periods. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:875873. [PMID: 35601531 PMCID: PMC9115720 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.875873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
From birth to adolescence, the brain adapts to its environmental stimuli through structural and functional remodeling of neural circuits during critical periods of heightened plasticity. They occur across modalities for proper sensory, motor, linguistic, and cognitive development. If they are disrupted by early-life adverse experiences or genetic deficiencies, lasting consequences include behavioral changes, physiological and cognitive deficits, or psychiatric illness. Critical period timing is orchestrated not only by appropriate neural activity but also by a multitude of signals that participate in the maturation of fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons and the consolidation of neural circuits. In this review, we describe the various signaling factors that initiate critical period onset, such as BDNF, SPARCL1, or OTX2, which originate either from local neurons or glial cells or from extracortical sources such as the choroid plexus. Critical period closure is established by signals that modulate extracellular matrix and myelination, while timing and plasticity can also be influenced by circadian rhythms and by hormones and corticosteroids that affect brain oxidative stress levels or immune response. Molecular outcomes include lasting epigenetic changes which themselves can be considered signals that shape downstream cross-modal critical periods. Comprehensive knowledge of how these signals and signaling factors interplay to influence neural mechanisms will help provide an inclusive perspective on the effects of early adversity and developmental defects that permanently change perception and behavior.
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6
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Perez-Rando M, Guirado R, Tellez-Merlo G, Carceller H, Nacher J. Estradiol Regulates Polysialylated Form of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression and Connectivity of O-LM Interneurons in the Hippocampus of Adult Female Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:51-67. [PMID: 33550289 DOI: 10.1159/000515052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The estrous cycle is caused by the changing concentration of ovarian hormones, particularly 17β-estradiol, a hormone whose effect on excitatory circuits has been extensively reported. However, fewer studies have tried to elucidate how this cycle, or this hormone, affects the plasticity of inhibitory networks and the structure of interneurons. Among these cells, somatostatin-expressing O-LM neurons of the hippocampus are especially interesting. They have a role in the modulation of theta oscillations, and they receive direct input from the entorhinal cortex, which place them in the center of hippocampal function. In this study, we report that the expression of polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the hippocampus, a molecule involved in the plasticity of somatostatin-expressing interneurons in the adult brain, fluctuated through the different stages of the estrous cycle. Likewise, these stages and the expression of PSA-NCAM affected the density of dendritic spines of O-LM cells. We also describe that 17β-estradiol replacement of adult ovariectomized female mice caused an increase in the perisomatic inhibitory puncta in O-LM interneurons as well as an increase in their axonal bouton density. Interestingly, this treatment also induced a decrease in their dendritic spine density, specifically in O-LM interneurons lacking PSA-NCAM expression. Finally, using an ex vivo real-time assay with entorhinal-hippocampal organotypic cultures, we show that this hormone decreased the dynamics in spinogenesis, altogether highlighting the modulatory effect that 17β-estradiol has on inhibitory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Rando
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Dirección General de Universidades, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermina Tellez-Merlo
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hector Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Bueno-Fernandez C, Perez-Rando M, Alcaide J, Coviello S, Sandi C, Castillo-Gómez E, Nacher J. Long term effects of peripubertal stress on excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the prefrontal cortex of male and female mice. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100322. [PMID: 33869684 PMCID: PMC8045050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of stressful events is especially important during early life, because certain cortical regions, especially the prefrontal cortex (PFC), are still developing. Consequently, aversive experiences that occur during the peripubertal period can cause long-term alterations in neural connectivity, physiology and related behaviors. Although sex influences the stress response and women are more likely to develop stress-related psychiatric disorders, knowledge about the effects of stress on females is still limited. In order to analyze the long-term effects of peripubertal stress (PPS) on the excitatory and inhibitory circuitry of the adult PFC, and whether these effects are sex-dependent, we applied an unpredictable chronic PPS protocol based on psychogenic stressors. Using two strains of transgenic mice with specific fluorescent cell reporters, we studied male and diestrus females to know how PPS affects the structure and connectivity of parvalbumin expressing (PV+) interneurons and pyramidal neurons. We also studied the expression of molecules related to excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, as well as alterations in the expression of plasticity-related molecules. The structure of pyramidal neurons was differentially affected by PPS in male and female mice: while the former had a decreased dendritic spine density, the latter displayed an increase in this parameter. PPS affected the density of puncta expressing excitatory and inhibitory synaptic markers exclusively in the female mPFC. Similarly, only in female mice we observed an increased complexity of the dendritic tree of PV+ neurons. Regarding the perisomatic innervation on pyramidal and PV + neurons by basket cells, we found a significant increase in the density of puncta in stressed animals, with interesting differences between the sexes and the type of basket cell analyzed. Finally, the PPS protocol also altered the total number of somata expressing the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) when we analyzed both sexes together. These results highlight the strong programming effects of aversive experiences during early life for the establishment of cortical circuitry and the special impact of these stressful events on females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bueno-Fernandez
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Rando
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Spain
| | - Julia Alcaide
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Spain
| | - Simona Coviello
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Spain
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Esther Castillo-Gómez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Valencia, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM, 28029, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM, 28029, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Casquero-Veiga M, Bueno-Fernandez C, Romero-Miguel D, Lamanna-Rama N, Nacher J, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. Exploratory study of the long-term footprint of deep brain stimulation on brain metabolism and neuroplasticity in an animal model of obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5580. [PMID: 33692388 PMCID: PMC7946931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful neurostimulation therapy proposed for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, DBS mechanism of action remains unclear, being its effects on brain dynamics of particular interest. Specifically, DBS reversibility is a major point of debate. Preclinical studies in obesity showed that the stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), brain centers involved in satiety and reward circuits, are able to modulate the activity of brain structures impaired in this pathology. Nevertheless, the long-term persistence of this modulation after DBS withdrawal was unexplored. Here we examine the in vivo presence of such changes 1 month after LH- and NAcc-DBS, along with differences in synaptic plasticity, following an exploratory approach. Thus, both stimulated and non-stimulated animals with electrodes in the NAcc showed a common pattern of brain metabolism modulation, presumably derived from the electrodes' presence. In contrast, animals stimulated in the LH showed a relative metabolic invariance, and a reduction of neuroplasticity molecules, evidencing long-lasting neural changes. Our findings suggest that the reversibility or persistence of DBS modulation in the long-term depends on the selected DBS target. Therefore, the DBS footprint would be influenced by the stability achieved in the neural network involved during the stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casquero-Veiga
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Clara Bueno-Fernandez
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Department, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Romero-Miguel
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Department, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Coviello S, Gramuntell Y, Castillo-Gomez E, Nacher J. Effects of Dopamine on the Immature Neurons of the Adult Rat Piriform Cortex. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:574234. [PMID: 33122993 PMCID: PMC7573248 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.574234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The layer II of the adult piriform cortex (PCX) contains a numerous population of immature neurons. Interestingly, in both mice and rats, most, if not all, these cells have an embryonic origin. Moreover, recent studies from our laboratory have shown that they progressively mature into typical excitatory neurons of the PCX layer II. Therefore, the adult PCX is considered a “non-canonical” neurogenic niche. These immature neurons express the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a molecule critical for different neurodevelopmental processes. Dopamine (DA) is a relevant neurotransmitter in the adult CNS, which also plays important roles in neural development and adult plasticity, including the regulation of PSA-NCAM expression. In order to evaluate the hypothetical effects of pharmacological modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission on the differentiation of immature neurons of the adult PCX, we studied dopamine D2 receptor (D2r) expression in this region and the relationship between dopaminergic fibers and immature neurons (defined by PSA-NCAM expression). In addition, we analyzed the density of immature neurons after chronic treatments with an antagonist and an agonist of D2r: haloperidol and PPHT, respectively. Many dopaminergic fibers were observed in close apposition to PSA-NCAM-expressing neurons, which also coexpressed D2r. Chronic treatment with haloperidol significantly increased the number of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive cells, while PPHT treatment decreased it. These results indicate a prominent role of dopamine, through D2r and PSA-NCAM, on the regulation of the final steps of development of immature neurons in the adult PCX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Coviello
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gomez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Polysialylation and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100892. [PMID: 32863045 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia, PSA) is a unique constituent of the glycocalyx on the surface of bacterial and vertebrate cells. In vertebrates, its biosynthesis is highly regulated, not only in quantity and quality, but also in time and location, which allows polySia to be involved in various important biological phenomena. Therefore, impairments in the expression and structure of polySia sometimes relate to diseases, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and cancer. Some bacteria express polySia as a tool for protecting themselves from the host immune system during invasion. PolySia is proven to be a biosafe material; polySia, as well as polySia-recognizing molecules, are key therapeutic agents. This review first comprehensive outlines the occurrence, features, biosynthesis, and functions of polySia and subsequently focuses on the related diseases.
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Luke MPS, Brown RE, Clarke DB. Polysialylated - neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) promotes recovery of vision after the critical period. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103527. [PMID: 32634575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision loss has long since been considered irreversible after a critical period; however, there is potential to restore limited vision, even in adulthood. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced following complete loss of vision in the dominant eye. Adult neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) knockout mice have an age-related impairment of visual acuity. The underlying cause of early deterioration in visual function remains unknown. Polysialylated (PSA) NCAM is involved in different forms of neural plasticity in the adult brain, raising the possibility that NCAM plays a role in the plasticity of the visual cortex, and therefore, in visual ability. Here, we examined whether PSA-NCAM is required for visual cortical plasticity in adult C57Bl/6J mice following deafferentation and long-term monocular deprivation. Our results show that elevated PSA in the contralateral visual cortex of the reopened eye is accompanied by changes in other markers of neural plasticity: increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and degradation of perineuronal nets (PNNs). The removal of PSA-NCAM in the visual cortex of these mice reduced BDNF expression, decreased PNN degradation, and resulted in impaired recovery of visual acuity after optic nerve transection and chronic monocular deprivation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PSA-NCAM is necessary for the reactivation of visual cortical plasticity and recovery of visual function in adult mice. It also offers a potential molecular target for the therapeutic treatment of cortically based visual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Po-Shan Luke
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax B3H 4R2, NS, Canada.
| | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Science Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, NS, Canada.
| | - David B Clarke
- Departments of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Medical Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax B3H 4R2, NS, Canada.
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Carceller H, Guirado R, Nacher J. Dark exposure affects plasticity‐related molecules and interneurons throughout the visual system during adulthood. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:1349-1366. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)Universitat de Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Ramon Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)Universitat de Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)Universitat de Valencia Valencia Spain
- CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health Madrid Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA Valencia Spain
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Pesarico AP, Bueno-Fernandez C, Guirado R, Gómez-Climent MÁ, Curto Y, Carceller H, Nacher J. Chronic Stress Modulates Interneuronal Plasticity: Effects on PSA-NCAM and Perineuronal Nets in Cortical and Extracortical Regions. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:197. [PMID: 31133813 PMCID: PMC6524695 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress has an important impact on the adult brain. However, most of the knowledge on its effects is focused on principal neurons and less on inhibitory neurons. Consequently, recent reports have begun to describe stress-induced alterations in the structure, connectivity and neurochemistry of interneurons. Some of these changes appear to be mediated by certain molecules particularly associated to interneurons, such as the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) and components of the perineuronal nets (PNN), specialized regions of the extracellular matrix. These plasticity-related molecules modulate interneuronal structure and connectivity, particularly of parvalbumin expressing basket interneurons, both during development and adult life. These inhibitory neurons are specially affected after chronic stress and in some stress-related disorders, in which the expression of PSA-NCAM and certain components of PNN are also altered. For these reasons we have decided to study PSA-NCAM, PNN and parvalbumin expressing interneurons after 10 days of chronic restraint stress, a time point in which its behavioral consequences are starting to appear. We have focused initially on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and hippocampus, regions affected by stress and stress-related psychiatric diseases, but we have also explored the habenula and the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) due to the important presence of PNN and their relationship with certain disorders. PSA-NCAM expression was increased by stress in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1. Increases in parvalbumin immunoreactive cells were detected in the mPFC and the BLA, but were not accompanied by increases in the number of parvalbumin expressing perisomatic puncta on the somata of principal neurons. The number of PNN was also increased in the mPFC and the habenula, although habenular PNN were not associated to parvalbumin cells. Increased expression of parvalbumin and components of PNN were also detected in the TRN after chronic restraint stress, revealing for the first time substantial effects on this region. Our study shows that, even a short chronic stress protocol, can induce consistent changes in interneuronal plasticity-related molecules in cortical and extracortical regions, which may represent initial responses of inhibitory circuits to counteract the effects of this aversive experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pesarico
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno-Fernandez
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ramón Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gómez-Climent
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yasmina Curto
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Hector Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Curto Y, Alcaide J, Röckle I, Hildebrandt H, Nacher J. Effects of the Genetic Depletion of Polysialyltransferases on the Structure and Connectivity of Interneurons in the Adult Prefrontal Cortex. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:6. [PMID: 30787870 PMCID: PMC6372547 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a complex sugar that in the nervous system appears mainly as a posttranslational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). PolySia plays important roles during brain development, but also in its plasticity during adulthood. Two polysialyltransferases (polyST), ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4, are involved in the synthesis and attachment of polySia. Both polyST are relevant for developmental migration of cortical interneurons and their establishment in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In contrast, only ST8SIA4 appears to be important for the structural plasticity of a subpopulation of cortical interneurons in the adult. Interestingly, ST8SIA2 and NCAM are candidate genes for schizophrenia, a disorder in which interneuronal circuits are altered. However, there is still no data on the effects of polyST depletion on the dendritic structure or the connectivity of cortical interneurons. Here, we studied the contribution of each polyST on these parameters in the medial PFC (mPFC) of polyST knock-out mice with GAD67-GFP-labeled interneurons. Genetic depletion of ST8SIA4, but not ST8SIA2, resulted in a decrease in the complexity of the dendritic arbor of interneurons. In contrast, ablation of either of the two polyST induced a decrease in the density of parvalbumin (PV) expressing perisomatic puncta on pyramidal neurons. Thus, the depletion of each polyST results in similar impairments of not only developmental migration but also efferent synaptic connectivity of interneurons. In contrast, the loss of ST8SIA4 has a unique effect on dendritic structure, hence on afferent connectivity, suggesting differential and independent contributions of each polyST to neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Curto
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Alcaide
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iris Röckle
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM): Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is involved in many biological activities and commonly occurs as a monosialyl residue at the nonreducing terminal end of glycoconjugates. The loss of activity of UDP-GlcNAc2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase, which is a key enzyme in Sia biosynthesis, is lethal to the embryo, which clearly indicates the importance of Sia in embryogenesis. Occasionally, oligo/polymeric Sia structures such as disialic acid (diSia), oligosialic acid (oligoSia), and polysialic acid (polySia) occur in glycoconjugates. In particular, polySia, a well-known epitope that commonly occurs in neuroinvasive bacteria and vertebrate brains, is one of the most well-known and biologically/neurologically important glycotopes in vertebrates. The biological effects of polySia, especially on neural cell-adhesion molecules, have been well studied, and in-depth knowledge regarding polySia has been accumulated. In addition, the importance of diSia and oligoSia epitopes has been reported. In this chapter, the recent advances in the study of diSia, oligoSia, and polySia residues in glycoproteins in neurology, and their history, definition, occurrence, analytical methods, biosynthesis, and biological functions evaluated by phenotypes of gene-targeted mice, biochemical features, and related diseases are described.
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16
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Nacher J. Plasticity Molecule Reveals Interneuronal Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 372:304-305. [PMID: 29352996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Spain; Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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Neurochemical Characterization of PSA-NCAM + Cells in the Human Brain and Phenotypic Quantification in Alzheimer’s Disease Entorhinal Cortex. Neuroscience 2018; 372:289-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Gilabert-Juan J, Bueno-Fernandez C, Castillo-Gomez E, Nacher J. Reduced interneuronal dendritic arborization in CA1 but not in CA3 region of mice subjected to chronic mild stress. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00534. [PMID: 28239515 PMCID: PMC5318357 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy and decreases spine density in excitatory hippocampal neurons, although there is also ample evidence indicating that the GABAergic system is altered in the hippocampus after this aversive experience. Chronic stress causes dendritic remodeling both in excitatory neurons and interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. METHODS In order to know whether it also has an impact on the structure and neurotransmission of hippocampal interneurons, we have analyzed the dendritic arborization, spine density, and the expression of markers of inhibitory synapses and plasticity in the hippocampus of mice submitted to 21 days of mild restrain stress. The analyses were performed in GIN mice, a strain that displays EGFP-labeled interneurons. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in the dendritic arborization of interneurons in the CA1 region, which did not occur in those in CA3. We found neither changes in dendritic spine density in these regions nor alterations in the number of EGFP-positive interneurons. Nevertheless, the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 was reduced in different layers of CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. No significant changes were found in the expression of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) or synaptophysin. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress reduces the interneuronal dendritic arborization in CA1 region of the hippocampus but not in CA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gilabert-Juan
- Neurobiology Unit Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València Burjassot Spain; Genetics Department Universitat de València Burjassot Spain; CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health Burjassot Spain; Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia INCLIVA Burjassot Spain
| | - Clara Bueno-Fernandez
- Neurobiology Unit Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València Burjassot Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gomez
- Neurobiology Unit Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València Burjassot Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València Burjassot Spain; CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health Burjassot Spain; Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia INCLIVA Burjassot Spain
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19
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Rosso P, De Nicolò S, Carito V, Fiore M, Iannitelli A, Moreno S, Tirassa P. Ocular Nerve Growth Factor Administration Modulates Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Prefrontal Cortex of Healthy and Diabetic Rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:198-208. [PMID: 28044424 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Nerve growth factor (NGF) eyedrops (ed-NGF) activate brain neurons, stimulate growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and exert neuroprotection in the forebrain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ rats). In this study, the effects of ed-NGF on BDNF signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were explored in healthy and STZ-diabetic rats, in which cortical neuronal and axonal loss, and altered circulating BDNF associated with depressive phenotype are also described. METHODS STZ and healthy (CTR) adult rats received ed-NGF twice a day for 2 weeks. Depressive phenotype was identified by force swimming test (FST). Proteins extracted from PFC were processed for ELISA and Western blot analyses to measure the expression of BDNF, proBDNF, and their receptors and intracellular signals. RESULTS ed-NGF treatment modulates BDNF pathway in PFC and normalizes the STZ-induced BDNF alterations by stimulating TRK-mediated survival mechanism. A decreased latency in FST was also found in STZ rats, while no change was observed comparing CTR + NGF and STZ + NGF with CTR. CONCLUSION The present data confirm the capacity of ed-NGF treatment to affect brain neurons and lead to brain damage recovery by activating protective and remodeling pathways triggered by BDNF. We suggest that the ed-NGF-induced changes in BDNF signaling might influence the manifestation of depressive phenotype in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rosso
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Rome, Italy.,Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara De Nicolò
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Carito
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Iannitelli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Rome, Italy
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Regulation of extrasynaptic signaling by polysialylated NCAM: Impact for synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 81:12-21. [PMID: 27865768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptors (NMDARs) is crucial for induction of synaptic plasticity and supports cell survival, whereas activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs inhibits long-term potentiation and triggers neurodegeneration. A soluble polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (polySia-NCAM) suppresses signaling through peri-/extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDARs. Genetic or enzymatic manipulations blocking this mechanism result in impaired synaptic plasticity and learning, which could be repaired by reintroduction of polySia, or inhibition of either GluN1/GluN2B receptors or downstream signaling through RasGRF1 and p38 MAP kinase. Ectodomain shedding of NCAM, and hence generation of soluble NCAM, is controlled by metalloproteases of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family. As polySia-NCAM is predominantly associated with GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex, it is noteworthy that EphrinA5/EphA3-induced ADAM10 activity promotes polySia-NCAM shedding in these neurons. Thus, in addition to the well-known regulation of synaptic NMDARs by the secreted molecule Reelin, shed polySia-NCAM may restrain activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs. These data support a concept that GABAergic interneuron-derived extracellular proteins control the balance in synaptic/extrasynaptic NMDAR-mediated signaling in principal cells. Strikingly, dysregulation of Reelin or polySia expression is linked to schizophrenia. Thus, targeting of the GABAergic interneuron-principle cell communication and restoring the balance in synaptic/extrasynaptic NMDARs represent promising strategies for treatment of psychiatric diseases.
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Castillo-Gómez E, Pérez-Rando M, Vidueira S, Nacher J. Polysialic Acid Acute Depletion Induces Structural Plasticity in Interneurons and Impairs the Excitation/Inhibition Balance in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Organotypic Cultures. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:170. [PMID: 27445697 PMCID: PMC4925659 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is affected in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and major depression. Recent studies suggest that imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory activity (E/I) may be responsible for this cortical dysfunction and therefore, may underlie the core symptoms of these diseases. This E/I imbalance seems to be correlated with alterations in the plasticity of interneurons but there is still scarce information on the mechanisms that may link these phenomena. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is a good candidate, because it modulates the neuronal plasticity of interneurons and its expression is altered in schizophrenia and major depression. To address this question, we have developed an in vitro model using mPFC organotypic cultures of transgenic mice displaying fluorescent spiny interneurons. After enzymatic depletion of PSA, the spine density of interneurons, the number of synaptic puncta surrounding pyramidal neuron somata and the E/I ratio were strongly affected. These results point to the polysialylation of NCAM as an important factor in the maintenance of E/I balance and the structural plasticity of interneurons. This may be particularly relevant for better understanding the etiology of schizophrenia and major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Castillo-Gómez
- Neurobiology Unit/BIOTECMED, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM): Spanish National Network for Research in Mental HealthMadrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Rando
- Neurobiology Unit/BIOTECMED, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Vidueira
- Neurobiology Unit/BIOTECMED, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit/BIOTECMED, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM): Spanish National Network for Research in Mental HealthMadrid, Spain; Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVAValencia, Spain
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Enzymatic Depletion of the Polysialic Acid Moiety Associated with the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Inhibits Antidepressant Efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1670-80. [PMID: 26530284 PMCID: PMC4832030 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are too often ineffective, the exact mechanism of efficacy is still ambiguous, and there has been a paucity of novel targets for pharmacotherapy. In an attempt to understand the pathogenesis of depression and subsequently develop more efficacious antidepressant drugs, multiple theories have been proposed, including the modulation of neurotransmission, the upregulation of neurogenesis and neurotrophic factors, normalizing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reactivity, and the reduction of neuroinflammation; all of which have supporting lines of evidence. Therefore, an ideal molecular target for novel pharmaceutical intervention would function at the confluence of these theories. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) functions broadly, serving to mediate synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, neurotrophic factor signaling, and inflammatory signaling throughout the brain; all of which are associated with the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Moreover, the expression of PSA-NCAM is reduced by depression, and conversely enhanced by antidepressant treatment, particularly within the hippocampus. Here we demonstrate that selectively cleaving the polysialic acid moiety, using the bacteriophage-derived enzyme endoneuraminidase N, completely inhibits the antidepressant efficacy of the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) in a chronic unpredictable stress model of depression. We also observe a corresponding attenuation of FLX-induced hippocampal neuroplasticity, including decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic density, and neural activation. These data indicate that PSA-NCAM-mediated neuroplasticity is necessary for antidepressant action; therefore PSA-NCAM represents an interesting, and novel, target for pharmacotherapy.
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Effects of Chronic Dopamine D2R Agonist Treatment and Polysialic Acid Depletion on Dendritic Spine Density and Excitatory Neurotransmission in the mPFC of Adult Rats. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:1615363. [PMID: 27110404 PMCID: PMC4821975 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1615363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are key players in the etiology and therapeutics of schizophrenia. The overactivation of these receptors contributes to mPFC dysfunction. Chronic treatment with D2R agonists modifies the expression of molecules implicated in neuronal structural plasticity, synaptic function, and inhibitory neurotransmission, which are also altered in schizophrenia. These changes are dependent on the expression of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a plasticity-related molecule, but nothing is known about the effects of D2R and PSA-NCAM on excitatory neurotransmission and the structure of mPFC pyramidal neurons, two additional features affected in schizophrenia. To evaluate these parameters, we have chronically treated adult rats with PPHT (a D2R agonist) after enzymatic removal of PSA with Endo-N. Both treatments decreased spine density in apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons without affecting their inhibitory innervation. Endo-N also reduced the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter-1. These results indicate that D2R and PSA-NCAM are important players in the regulation of the structural plasticity of mPFC excitatory neurons. This is relevant to our understanding of the neurobiological basis of schizophrenia, in which structural alterations of pyramidal neurons and altered expression of D2R and PSA-NCAM have been found.
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Guirado R, La Terra D, Bourguignon M, Carceller H, Umemori J, Sipilä P, Nacher J, Castrén E. Effects of PSA Removal from NCAM on the Critical Period Plasticity Triggered by the Antidepressant Fluoxetine in the Visual Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:22. [PMID: 26903807 PMCID: PMC4743432 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal plasticity peaks during critical periods of postnatal development and is reduced towards adulthood. Recent data suggests that windows of juvenile-like plasticity can be triggered in the adult brain by antidepressant drugs such as Fluoxetine. Although the exact mechanisms of how Fluoxetine promotes such plasticity remains unknown, several studies indicate that inhibitory circuits play an important role. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecules (PSA-NCAM) has been suggested to mediate the effects of Fluoxetine and it is expressed in the adult brain by mature interneurons. Moreover, the enzymatic removal of PSA by neuroaminidase-N not only affects the structure of interneurons but also has been shown to play a role in the onset of critical periods during development. We have here used ocular dominance plasticity in the mouse visual cortex as a model to investigate whether removal of PSA might influence the Fluoxetine-induced plasticity. We demonstrate that PSA removal in the adult visual cortex alters neither the baseline ocular dominance, nor the fluoxetine-induced shift in the ocular dominance. We also show that both chronic Fluoxetine treatment and PSA removal independently increase the basal FosB expression in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the primary visual cortex. Therefore, our data suggest that although PSA-NCAM regulates inhibitory circuitry, it is not required for the reactivation of juvenile-like plasticity triggered by Fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Guirado
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danilo La Terra
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mathieu Bourguignon
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto UniversityHelsinki, Finland; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and LanguageDonostia, Spain
| | - Hector Carceller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Sipilä
- Neuroscience Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland; Max Planck Institute for NeurobiologyMartinsried, Germany
| | - Juan Nacher
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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Graham DL, Durai HH, Garden JD, Cohen EL, Echevarria FD, Stanwood GD. Loss of dopamine D2 receptors increases parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:297-305. [PMID: 25393953 PMCID: PMC4372074 DOI: 10.1021/cn500235m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
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Disruption
to dopamine homeostasis during brain development has been implicated
in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and
schizophrenia. Inappropriate expression or activity of GABAergic interneurons
are common features of many of these disorders. We discovered a persistent
upregulation of GAD67+ and parvalbumin+ neurons within the anterior
cingulate cortex of dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice, while other
GABAergic interneuron markers were unaffected. Interneuron distribution
and number were not altered in the striatum or in the dopamine-poor
somatosensory cortex. The changes were already present by postnatal
day 14, indicating a developmental etiology. D2eGFP BAC transgenic
mice demonstrated the presence of D2 receptor expression within a
subset of parvalbumin-expressing cortical interneurons, suggesting
the possibility of a direct cellular mechanism through which D2 receptor
stimulation regulates interneuron differentiation or survival. D2
receptor knockout mice also exhibited decreased depressive-like behavior
compared with wild-type controls in the tail suspension test. These
data indicate that dopamine signaling modulates interneuron number
and emotional behavior and that developmental D2 receptor loss or
blockade could reveal a potential mechanism for the prodromal basis
of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon L. Graham
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Vanderbilt Brain Institute, §Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Heather H. Durai
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Vanderbilt Brain Institute, §Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jamie D. Garden
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Vanderbilt Brain Institute, §Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Evan L. Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Vanderbilt Brain Institute, §Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Franklin D. Echevarria
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Vanderbilt Brain Institute, §Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Gregg D. Stanwood
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Vanderbilt Brain Institute, §Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Colley KJ, Kitajima K, Sato C. Polysialic acid: biosynthesis, novel functions and applications. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:498-532. [PMID: 25373518 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.976606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As an anti-adhesive, a reservoir for key biological molecules, and a modulator of signaling, polysialic acid (polySia) is critical for nervous system development and maintenance, promotes cancer metastasis, tissue regeneration and repair, and is implicated in psychiatric diseases. In this review, we focus on the biosynthesis and functions of mammalian polySia, and the use of polySia in therapeutic applications. PolySia modifies a small subset of mammalian glycoproteins, with the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, serving as its major carrier. Studies show that mammalian polysialyltransferases employ a unique recognition mechanism to limit the addition of polySia to a select group of proteins. PolySia has long been considered an anti-adhesive molecule, and its impact on cell adhesion and signaling attributed directly to this property. However, recent studies have shown that polySia specifically binds neurotrophins, growth factors, and neurotransmitters and that this binding depends on chain length. This work highlights the importance of considering polySia quality and quantity, and not simply its presence or absence, as its various roles are explored. The capsular polySia of neuroinvasive bacteria allows these organisms to evade the host immune response. While this "stealth" characteristic has made meningitis vaccine development difficult, it has also made polySia a worthy replacement for polyetheylene glycol in the generation of therapeutic proteins with low immunogenicity and improved circulating half-lives. Bacterial polysialyltransferases are more promiscuous than the protein-specific mammalian enzymes, and new studies suggest that these enzymes have tremendous therapeutic potential, especially for strategies aimed at neural regeneration and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Colley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA and
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Chronic fluoxetine treatment alters the structure, connectivity and plasticity of cortical interneurons. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1635-46. [PMID: 24786752 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel hypotheses suggest that antidepressants, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, induce neuronal structural plasticity, resembling that of the juvenile brain, although the underlying mechanisms of this reopening of the critical periods still remain unclear. However, recent studies suggest that inhibitory networks play an important role in this structural plasticity induced by fluoxetine. For this reason we have analysed the effects of a chronic fluoxetine treatment in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of transgenic mice displaying eGFP labelled interneurons. We have found an increase in the expression of molecules related to critical period plasticity, such as the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), GAD67/65 and synaptophysin, as well as a reduction in the number of parvalbumin expressing interneurons surrounded by perineuronal nets. We have also described a trend towards decrease in the perisomatic inhibitory puncta on pyramidal neurons in the mPFC and an increase in the density of inhibitory puncta on eGFP interneurons. Finally, we have found that chronic fluoxetine treatment affects the structure of interneurons in the mPFC, increasing their dendritic spine density. The present study provides evidence indicating that fluoxetine promotes structural changes in the inhibitory neurons of the adult cerebral cortex, probably through alterations in plasticity-related molecules of neurons or the extracellular matrix surrounding them, which are present in interneurons and are known to be crucial for the development of the critical periods of plasticity in the juvenile brain.
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Acute stress exposure preceding transient global brain ischemia exacerbates the decrease in cortical remodeling potential in the rat retrosplenial cortex. Neurosci Res 2013; 78:65-71. [PMID: 24257103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX)-immunoreactive (-ir) cells are candidates that play key roles in adult cortical remodeling. We have previously reported that DCX-ir cells decrease after stress exposure or global brain ischemia (GBI) in the cingulate cortex (Cg) of rats. Herein, we investigate whether the decrease in DCX-ir cells is exacerbated after GBI due to acute stress exposure preconditioning. Twenty rats were divided into 3 groups: acute stress exposure before GBI (Group P), non-stress exposure before GBI (Group G), and controls (Group C). Acute stress or GBI was induced by a forced swim paradigm or by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, respectively. DCX-ir cells were investigated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and retrosplenial cortex (RS). The number of DCX-ir cells per unit area (mm(2)) decreased after GBI with or without stress preconditioning in the ACC and in the RS (ANOVA followed by a Tukey-type test, P<0.001). Moreover, compared to Group G, the number in Group P decreased significantly in RS (P<0.05), though not significantly in ACC. Many of the DCX-ir cells were co-localized with the GABAergic neuronal marker parvalbumin. The present study indicates that cortical remodeling potential of GABAergic neurons of Cg decreases after GBI, and moreover, the ratio of the decrease is exacerbated by acute stress preconditioning in the RS.
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Gilabert-Juan J, Belles M, Saez AR, Carceller H, Zamarbide-Fores S, Moltó MD, Nacher J. A “double hit” murine model for schizophrenia shows alterations in the structure and neurochemistry of the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 59:126-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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30
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Sato C, Kitajima K. Disialic, oligosialic and polysialic acids: distribution, functions and related disease. J Biochem 2013; 154:115-36. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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31
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Guirado R, Perez-Rando M, Sanchez-Matarredona D, Castillo-Gómez E, Liberia T, Rovira-Esteban L, Varea E, Crespo C, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Nacher J. The dendritic spines of interneurons are dynamic structures influenced by PSA-NCAM expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:3014-24. [PMID: 23780867 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory neurons undergo dendritic spine remodeling in response to different stimuli. However, there is scarce information about this type of plasticity in interneurons. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is a good candidate to mediate this plasticity as it participates in neuronal remodeling and is expressed by some mature cortical interneurons, which have reduced dendritic arborization, spine density, and synaptic input. To study the connectivity of the dendritic spines of interneurons and the influence of PSA-NCAM on their dynamics, we have analyzed these structures in a subpopulation of fluorescent spiny interneurons in the hippocampus of glutamic acid decarboxylase-enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mice. Our results show that these spines receive excitatory synapses. The depletion of PSA in vivo using the enzyme Endo-Neuraminidase-N (Endo-N) increases spine density when analyzed 2 days after, but decreases it 7 days after. The dendritic spine turnover was also analyzed in real time using organotypic hippocampal cultures: 24 h after the addition of EndoN, we observed an increase in the apparition rate of spines. These results indicate that dendritic spines are important structures in the control of the synaptic input of hippocampal interneurons and suggest that PSA-NCAM is relevant in the regulation of their morphology and connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Guirado
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain Current address: Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marta Perez-Rando
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Sanchez-Matarredona
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gómez
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Liberia
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Rovira-Esteban
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Varea
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Crespo
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Blasco-Ibáñez
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Cell Biology Department, Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain Fundación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Sato C, Kitajima K. Impact of structural aberrancy of polysialic acid and its synthetic enzyme ST8SIA2 in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:61. [PMID: 23675315 PMCID: PMC3646324 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are a group of human diseases that impair higher cognitive functions. Whole-genomic analyses have recently identified susceptibility genes for several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Among the genes reported to be involved in psychiatric disorders, a gene encoding a polysialyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of polysialic acid (polySia or PSA) on cell surfaces has attracted attention for its potential role in emotion, learning, memory, circadian rhythm, and behaviors. PolySia is a unique polymer that spatio-temporally modifies neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and is predominantly found in embryonic brains, although it persists in areas of the adult brain where neural plasticity, remodeling of neural connections, or neural generation is ongoing, such as the hippocampus, subventricular zone (SVZ), thalamus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. PolySia is thought to be involved in the regulation of cell-cell interactions; however, recent evidence suggests that it is also involved in the functional regulation of ion channels and neurologically active molecules, such as Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), FGF2, and dopamine (DA) that are deeply involved in psychiatric disorders. In this review, the possible involvement of polysialyltransferase (ST8SIA2/ST8SiaII/STX/Siat8B) and its enzymatic product, polySia, in schizophrenia is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Sato
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Function, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University Nagoya, Japan
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McCall T, Weil ZM, Nacher J, Bloss EB, El Maarouf A, Rutishauser U, McEwen BS. Depletion of polysialic acid from neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) increases CA3 dendritic arborization and increases vulnerability to excitotoxicity. Exp Neurol 2013; 241:5-12. [PMID: 23219884 PMCID: PMC3570583 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic immobilization stress (CIS) shortens apical dendritic trees of CA3 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus of the male rat, and dendritic length may be a determinant of vulnerability to stress. Expression of the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the hippocampal formation is increased by stress, while PSA removal by Endo-neuraminidase-N (endo-N) is known to cause the mossy fibers to defasciculate and synapse ectopically in their CA3 target area. We show here that enzymatic removal of PSA produced a remarkable expansion of dendritic arbors of CA3 pyramidal neurons, with a lesser effect in CA1. This expansion eclipsed the CIS-induced shortening of CA3 dendrites, with the expanded dendrites of both no-stress-endo-N and CIS-endo-N rats being longer than those in no-stress-control rats and much longer than those in CIS-control rats. As predicted by the hypothesis that endo-N-induced dendritic expansion might increase vulnerability to excitotoxic challenge, systemic injection with kainic acid, showed markedly increased neuronal degeneration, as assessed by fluorojade B histochemistry, in rats that had been treated with endo-N compared to vehicle-treated rats throughout the entire hippocampal formation. PSA removal also exacerbated the CIS-induced reduction in body weight and abolished effects of CIS on NPY and NR2B mRNA levels. These findings support the hypothesis that CA3 arbor plasticity plays a protective role during prolonged stress and clarify the role of PSA-NCAM in stress-induced dendritic plasticity.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Body Mass Index
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/pathology
- Dendrites/drug effects
- Dendrites/pathology
- Dendrites/ultrastructure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/toxicity
- Fluoresceins
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Kainic Acid/toxicity
- Male
- Metalloendopeptidases/pharmacology
- Nerve Degeneration/chemically induced
- Nerve Degeneration/pathology
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/drug effects
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Organic Chemicals
- Pyramidal Cells/drug effects
- Pyramidal Cells/metabolism
- Pyramidal Cells/pathology
- Pyramidal Cells/ultrastructure
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Sialic Acids/deficiency
- Silver Staining
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy McCall
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York NY 10065, USA
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34
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Structural plasticity of interneurons in the adult brain: role of PSA-NCAM and implications for psychiatric disorders. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1122-33. [PMID: 23354722 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal structural plasticity is known to have a major role in cognitive processes and in the response of the CNS to aversive experiences. This type of plasticity involves processes ranging from neurite outgrowth/retraction or dendritic spine remodeling, to the incorporation of new neurons to the established circuitry. However, the study of how these structural changes take place has been focused mainly on excitatory neurons, while little attention has been paid to interneurons. The exploration of these plastic phenomena in interneurons is very important, not only for our knowledge of CNS physiology, but also for understanding better the etiology of different psychiatric and neurological disorders in which alterations in the structure and connectivity of inhibitory networks have been described. Here we review recent work on the structural remodeling of interneurons in the adult brain, both in basal conditions and after chronic stress or sensory deprivation. We also describe studies from our laboratory and others on the putative mediators of this interneuronal structural plasticity, focusing on the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM). This molecule is expressed by some interneurons in the adult CNS and, through its anti-adhesive and insulating properties, may participate in the remodeling of their structure. Finally, we review recent findings on the possible implication of PSA-NCAM on the remodeling of inhibitory neurons in certain psychiatric disorders and their treatments.
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35
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36
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Chronic stress alters inhibitory networks in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult mice. Brain Struct Funct 2012. [PMID: 23179864 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress in experimental animals induces dendritic atrophy and decreases spine density in principal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). This structural plasticity may play a neuroprotective role and underlie stress-induced behavioral changes. Different evidences indicate that the prefrontocortical GABA system is also altered by stress and in major depression patients. In the amygdala, chronic stress induces dendritic remodeling both in principal neurons and in interneurons. However, it is not known whether similar structural changes occur in mPFC interneurons. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) may mediate these changes, because it is known to influence the dendritic organization of adult cortical interneurons. We have analyzed the dendritic arborization and spine density of mPFC interneurons in adult mice after 21 days of restraint stress and have found dendritic hypertrophy in a subpopulation of interneurons identified mainly as Martinotti cells. This aversive experience also decreases the number of glutamate decarboxylase enzyme, 67 kDa isoform (GAD67) expressing somata, without affecting different parameters related to apoptosis, but does not alter the number of interneurons expressing PSA-NCAM. Quantitative retrotranscription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of genes related to general and inhibitory neurotransmission and of PSA synthesizing enzymes reveals increases in the expression of NCAM, synaptophysin and GABA(A)α1. Together these results show that mPFC inhibitory networks are affected by chronic stress and suggest that structural plasticity may be an important feature of stress-related psychiatric disorders where this cortical region, specially their GABAergic system, is altered.
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37
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Albrecht A, Stork O. Are NCAM deficient mice an animal model for schizophrenia? Front Behav Neurosci 2012; 6:43. [PMID: 22822393 PMCID: PMC3398494 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and biomarker studies in patients have identified the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) and its associated polysialic acid (PSA) as a susceptibility factors for schizophrenia. NCAM and polysialtransferase mutant mice have been generated that may serve as animal models for this disorder and allow to investigate underlying neurodevelopmental alterations. Indeed, various schizophrenia-relevant morphological, cognitive and emotional deficits have been observed in these mutants. Here we studied social interaction and attention of NCAM null mutant (NCAM−/−) mice as further hallmarks of schizophrenia. Nest building, which is generally associated with social behavior in rodents, was severely impaired, as NCAM−/− mice continuously collected smaller amounts of nest building material than their wild type littermates and built nests of poorer quality. However, social approach tested in a three—compartment—box was not affected and latent inhibition of Pavlovian fear memory was not disturbed in NCAM−/− mice. Although NCAM deficient mice do not display a typical schizophrenia-like phenotype, they may be useful for studying specific endophenotypes with relevance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Albrecht
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
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38
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McAuley EZ, Scimone A, Tiwari Y, Agahi G, Mowry BJ, Holliday EG, Donald JA, Weickert CS, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR, Fullerton JM. Identification of sialyltransferase 8B as a generalized susceptibility gene for psychotic and mood disorders on chromosome 15q25-26. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38172. [PMID: 22693595 PMCID: PMC3364966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a significant bipolar spectrum disorder linkage peak on 15q25-26 using 35 extended families with a broad clinical phenotype, including bipolar disorder (types I and II), recurrent unipolar depression and schizoaffective disorder. However, the specific gene(s) contributing to this signal had not been identified. By a fine mapping association study in an Australian case-control cohort (n = 385), we find that the sialyltransferase 8B (ST8SIA2) gene, coding for an enzyme that glycosylates proteins involved in neuronal plasticity which has previously shown association to both schizophrenia and autism, is associated with increased risk to bipolar spectrum disorder. Nominal single point association was observed with SNPs in ST8SIA2 (rs4586379, P = 0.0043; rs2168351, P = 0.0045), and a specific risk haplotype was identified (frequency: bipolar vs controls = 0.41 vs 0.31; χ(2) = 6.46, P = 0.011, OR = 1.47). Over-representation of the specific risk haplotype was also observed in an Australian schizophrenia case-control cohort (n = 256) (χ(2) = 8.41, P = 0.004, OR = 1.82). Using GWAS data from the NIMH bipolar disorder (n = 2055) and NIMH schizophrenia (n = 2550) cohorts, the equivalent haplotype was significantly over-represented in bipolar disorder (χ(2) = 5.91, P = 0.015, OR = 1.29), with the same direction of effect in schizophrenia, albeit non-significant (χ(2) = 2.3, P = 0.129, OR = 1.09). We demonstrate marked down-regulation of ST8SIA2 gene expression across human brain development and show a significant haplotype×diagnosis effect on ST8SIA2 mRNA levels in adult cortex (ANOVA: F(1,87) = 6.031, P = 0.016). These findings suggest that variation the ST8SIA2 gene is associated with increased risk to mental illness, acting to restrict neuronal plasticity and disrupt early neuronal network formation, rendering the developing and adult brain more vulnerable to secondary genetic or environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Z. McAuley
- Psychiatric Genetics, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Scimone
- Psychiatric Genetics, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yash Tiwari
- Psychiatric Genetics, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Developmental Neurobiology, Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giti Agahi
- Psychiatric Genetics, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryan J. Mowry
- Genetics, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institue, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- Genetics, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Donald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Psychiatric Genetics, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Developmental Neurobiology, Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip B. Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Psychiatric Genetics, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Developmental Neurobiology, Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Psychiatric Genetics, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Developmental Neurobiology, Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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