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Shi W, Tang J, Xiang J. Therapeutic strategies for aberrant splicing in cancer and genetic disorders. Clin Genet 2024; 105:345-354. [PMID: 38165092 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Accurate pre-mRNA splicing is essential for proper protein translation; however, aberrant splicing is commonly observed in the context of cancer and genetic disorders. Notably, in genetic diseases, these splicing abnormalities often play a pivotal role. Substantial challenges persist in accurately identifying and classifying disease-induced aberrant splicing, as well as in development of targeted therapeutic strategies. In this review, we examine prevalent forms of aberrant splicing and explore potential therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing these splicing-related diseases. This summary contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities about aberrant splicing and provide a foundation for the development of effective therapeutic interventions in the field of genetic disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Israel LL, Sun T, Braubach O, Cox A, Shatalova ES, Rashid HM, Galstyan A, Grodzinski Z, Song XY, Chepurna O, Ljubimov VA, Chiechi A, Sharma S, Phebus C, Wang Y, Ljubimova JY, Black KL, Holler E. β-Amyloid targeting nanodrug for neuron-specific delivery of nucleic acids in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. J Control Release 2023; 361:636-658. [PMID: 37544515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of therapeutic substances into the brain poses a significant challenge in the treatment of neurological disorders. This is primarily due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts access, alongside the limited stability and distribution of these agents within the brain tissue. Here we demonstrate an efficient delivery of microRNA (miRNA) and antisense RNA preferentially to neurons compared to astroglia in the brain of healthy and Alzheimer's disease mice, via disulfide-linked conjugation with poly(ß-L-malic acid-trileucine)-copolymer a biodegradable, amphiphilic, and multivalent platform. By conjugating a D-configured (D3)-peptide (vector) for specific targeting, highly efficient delivery across the BBB is achieved through the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 (LRP-1) transcytosis pathway, amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Nanodrug distribution was determined by fluorescent labeling and analyzed by microscopy in neurons, astroglia, and in extracellular amyloid plaques typical for Alzheimer's disease. Whereas D-configured BBB-vectors can efficiently target neurons, L-configured (e.g., AP2-peptide) guided vector can only cross BBB but not seem to bind neurons. An analysis of post-injection fluorescence distribution, and RNA-seq followed by real-time PCR validation, confirmed a successful in vivo delivery of morpholino-miRNA-186 nanoconjugates into mouse brain. The size and fluorescence intensity of the intracellular nanodrug particulates were analyzed and verified by a competition with non-fluorescent conjugates. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA-seq were identified in the nanodrug injected mice, and the changes of selected DEGs related to Alzheimer's disease were further validated by western blot and real-time PCR. Collectively, these results demonstrated that D3-peptide-conjugated nanopolymer drug is able to achieve neuron-selective delivery of miRNA and can serve as an efficient brain delivery vehicle in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron L Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Oliver Braubach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Alysia Cox
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Galstyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Zachary Grodzinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Xue Ying Song
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer Applied Genomics Shared Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Oksana Chepurna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Vladimir A Ljubimov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Antonella Chiechi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Connor Phebus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer Applied Genomics Shared Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Julia Y Ljubimova
- Terasaki Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, 90024, USA..
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA.
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Terasaki Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, 90024, USA..
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3
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Choi H, Kim K. Theranostics for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020272. [PMID: 36673082 PMCID: PMC9857659 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis. Current endocrine therapy or anti HER-2 therapy is not available for these patients. Chemotherapeutic treatment response varies among patients due to the disease heterogeneity. To overcome these challenges, theranostics for treating TNBC have been widely investigated. Anticancer material conjugated nanoparticles with target-binding ligand and tracer agents enable simultaneous drug delivery and visualization of the lesion with minimal off-target toxicity. In this review, we summarize recently FDA-approved targeted therapies for TNBC, such as poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, check point inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. Particularly, novel theranostic approaches including lipid-based, polymer-based, and carbon-based nanocarriers are discussed, which can provide basic overview of nano-therapeutic modalities in TNBC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryeon Choi
- Department of Surgery, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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4
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Subhan MA, Torchilin VP. Biopolymer-Based Nanosystems for siRNA Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors including Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010153. [PMID: 36678782 PMCID: PMC9861964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiopolymers such as chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, polyglutamic acid, lipids, peptides, exosomes, etc., delivery systems have prospects to help overwhelmed physiological difficulties allied with the delivery of siRNA drugs to solid tumors, including breast cancer cells. Nanobiopolymers have favorable stimuli-responsive properties and therefore can be utilized to improve siRNA delivery platforms to undruggable MDR metastatic cancer cells. These biopolymeric siRNA drugs can shield drugs from pH degradation, extracellular trafficking, and nontargeted binding sites and are consequently suitable for drug internalization in a controlled-release fashion. In this review, the utilization of numerous biopolymeric compounds such as siRNA drug delivery systems for MDR solid tumors, including breast cancers, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (V.P.T.)
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Eastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Eastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (V.P.T.)
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5
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Israel LL, Galstyan A, Cox A, Shatalova ES, Sun T, Rashid MH, Grodzinski Z, Chiechi A, Fuchs DT, Patil R, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Signature Effects of Vector-Guided Systemic Nano Bioconjugate Delivery Across Blood-Brain Barrier of Normal, Alzheimer's, and Tumor Mouse Models. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11815-11832. [PMID: 35961653 PMCID: PMC9413444 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for targeted therapy of the central nerve system (CNS). Six peptide vectors were covalently attached to a 50 kDa poly(β-l-malic acid)-trileucine polymer forming P/LLL(40%)/vector conjugates. The vectors were Angiopep-2 (AP2), B6, Miniap-4 (M4), and d-configurated peptides D1, D3, and ACI-89, with specificity for transcytosis receptors low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), transferrin receptor (TfR), bee venom-derived ion channel, and Aβ/LRP-1 related transcytosis complex, respectively. The BBB-permeation efficacies were substantially increased ("boosted") in vector conjugates of P/LLL(40%). We have found that the copolymer group binds at the endothelial membrane and, by an allosterically membrane rearrangement, exposes the sites for vector-receptor complex formation. The specificity of vectors is indicated by competition experiments with nonconjugated vectors. P/LLL(40%) does not function as an inhibitor, suggesting that the copolymer binding site is eliminated after binding of the vector-nanoconjugate. The two-step mechanism, binding to endothelial membrane and allosteric exposure of transcytosis receptors, is supposed to be an integral feature of nanoconjugate-transcytosis pathways. In vivo brain delivery signatures of the nanoconjugates were recapitulated in mouse brains of normal, tumor (glioblastoma), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. BBB permeation of the tumor was most efficient, followed by normal and then AD-like brain. In tumor-bearing and normal brains, AP2 was the top performing vector; however, in AD models, D3 and D1 peptides were superior ones. The TfR vector B6 was equally efficient in normal and AD-model brains. Cross-permeation efficacies are manifested through modulated vector coligation and dosage escalation such as supra-linear dose dependence and crossover transcytosis activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron L. Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Alysia Cox
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Ekaterina S. Shatalova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Mohammad-Harun Rashid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Zachary Grodzinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Antonella Chiechi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Division of Applied Cell Biology and Physiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Julia Y. Ljubimova
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation
(TIBI), 1018 Westwood
Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation
(TIBI), 1018 Westwood
Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
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6
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Shokooh MK, Emami F, Duwa R, Jeong JH, Yook S. Triple-negative breast cancer treatment meets nanoparticles: Current status and future direction. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Nikdouz A, Namarvari N, Ghasemi Shayan R, Hosseini A. Comprehensive comparison of theranostic nanoparticles in breast cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 11:1-27. [PMID: 35350450 PMCID: PMC8938632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently happening cancer and the most typical cancer death among females. Despite the crucial progress in breast cancer therapy by using Chemotherapeutic agents, most anti-tumor drugs are insufficient to destroy exactly the breast cancer cells. The noble method of drug delivery using nanoparticles presents a great promise in treating breast cancer most sufficiently and with the least harm to the patient. Nanoparticles, with their spectacular characteristics, help overcome problems of this kind. Unique features of nanoparticles such as biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability, sustained release, and, most importantly, site-specific targeting enables the Chemotherapeutic agents loaded in nanocarriers to differentiate between healthy tissue and cancer cells, leading to low toxicity and fewer side effects. This review focuses on evaluating and comprehending nanoparticles utilized in breast cancer treatment, including the most recent data related to the drugs they can carry. Also, this review covers all information related to each nanocarrier, such as their significant characteristics, subtypes, advantages, disadvantages, and chemical modification methods with recently published studies. This article discusses over 21 nanoparticles used in breast cancer treatment with possible chemical ligands such as monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapeutic agents binding to these carriers. These different nanoparticles and the unique features of each nanocarrier give the researchers all the data and insight to develop and use the brand-new drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Nikdouz
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences5166/15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Namarvari
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences5166/15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Ghasemi Shayan
- Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences5166/15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences5166/15731 Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Advances with antibody-drug conjugates in breast cancer treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 169:241-255. [PMID: 34748933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugate-based therapy for treatment of cancer has attracted much attention because of its enhanced efficacy against numerous cancer types. Commonly, an ADC includes a mAb linked to a therapeutic payload. Antibody, linker and payload are the three main components of ADCs. The high specificity of antibodies is integrated with the strong potency of payloads in ADCs. ADCs with potential cytotoxic small molecules as payloads, generate antibody-mediated cancer therapy. Recently, ADCs with DNA-damaging agents have shown favor over microtubule-targeting agents as payloads. Although ADC resistance can be a barrier to effectiveness, several ADC therapies have been either approved or are in clinical trials for cancer treatment. The ADC-based treatments of breast cancers, particularly TNBC, MDR and metastatic breast cancers, have shown promise in recent years. This review discusses ADC drug designs, and developed for different types of breast cancer including TNBC, MDR and metastatic breast cancer.
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9
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Multifunctional Nanopolymers for Blood-Brain Barrier Delivery and Inhibition of Glioblastoma Growth through EGFR/EGFRvIII, c-Myc, and PD-1. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112892. [PMID: 34835657 PMCID: PMC8621221 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain cancer in the pediatric and adult population. It is known as an untreatable tumor in urgent need of new therapeutic approaches. The objective of this work was to develop multifunctional nanomedicines to treat GBM in clinical practice using combination therapy for several targets. We developed multifunctional nanopolymers (MNPs) based on a naturally derived biopolymer, poly(β-L-malic) acid, which are suitable for central nervous system (CNS) treatment. These MNPs contain several anticancer functional moieties with the capacity of crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), targeting GBM cells and suppressing two important molecular markers, tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptors EGFR/EGFRvIII and c-Myc nuclear transcription factor. The reproducible syntheses of MNPs where monoclonal antibodies are replaced with AP-2 peptide for effective BBB delivery were presented. The active anticancer inhibitors of mRNA/protein syntheses were Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). Two ways of covalent AON-polymer attachments with and without disulfide bonds were explored. These MNPs bearing AONs to EGFR/EGFRvIII and c-Myc, as well as in a combination with the polymer-attached checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 antibody, orchestrated a multi-pronged attack on intracranial mouse GBM to successfully block tumor growth and significantly increase survival of brain tumor-bearing animals.
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10
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Chowdhury P, Ghosh U, Samanta K, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Bioactive nanotherapeutic trends to combat triple negative breast cancer. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3269-3287. [PMID: 33778204 PMCID: PMC7970221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of aggressive breast cancer, particularly, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a formidable challenge, despite treatment advancement. Although newer therapies such as atezolizumab, olaparib, and sacituzumab can tackle the breast cancer prognosis and/or progression, but achieved limited survival benefit(s). The current research efforts are aimed to develop and implement strategies for improved bioavailability, targetability, reduce systemic toxicity, and enhance therapeutic outcome of FDA-approved treatment regimen. This review presents various nanoparticle technology mediated delivery of chemotherapeutic agent(s) for breast cancer treatment. This article also documents novel strategies to employ cellular and cell membrane cloaked (biomimetic) nanoparticles for effective clinical translation. These technologies offer a safe and active targeting nanomedicine for effective management of breast cancer, especially TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Upasana Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kamalika Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
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11
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Recent advances in iron oxide nanoparticles for brain cancer theranostics: from in vitro to clinical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:949-977. [PMID: 33567919 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1888926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Today, the development of multifunctional nanoplatforms is more seriously considered in the field of cancer theranostics.Areas covered: In this respect, nanoparticles provide several advantages over the routine, conventional diagnostic methods, and treatments. Due to the expedient properties of iron oxide nanoparticles, such as being readily modified, great payload potential, intrinsic magnetic qualification, considerable biocompatibility, and overwhelming response to targeting strategies, these nanoparticles can be considered good candidates for application as diagnostic contrast agents and drug/gene delivery vehicles, while also being incorporated into hyperthermia-based approaches. Interestingly, these agents are detectable with routine imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging.Expert opinion: Therefore, combining the traditional diagnostics and therapies with nanotechnological approaches may leave a positive impact on the survival rate of patients with cancer. This review summarizes the application of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in both in vitro and in vivo models of brain tumors.
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12
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Nishiwaki S, Saito S, Takeshita K, Kato H, Ueda R, Takami A, Naoe T, Ogawa M, Nakayama T. In vivo tracking of transplanted macrophages with near infrared fluorescent dye reveals temporal distribution and specific homing in the liver that can be perturbed by clodronate liposomes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242488. [PMID: 33301448 PMCID: PMC7728253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an indispensable role in both innate and acquired immunity, while the persistence of activated macrophages can sometimes be harmful to the host, resulting in multi-organ damage. Macrophages develop from monocytes in the circulation. However, little is known about the organ affinity of macrophages in the normal state. Using in vivo imaging with XenoLight DiR®, we observed that macrophages showed strong affinity for the liver, spleen and lung, and weak affinity for the gut and bone marrow, but little or no affinity for the kidney and skin. We also found that administered macrophages were still alive 168 hours after injection. On the other hand, treatment with clodronate liposomes, which are readily taken up by macrophages via phagocytosis, strongly reduced the number of macrophages in the liver, spleen and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nishiwaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeki Saito
- Departments of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical Center, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Kato
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Hematology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- Departments of Hematology, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mika Ogawa
- Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakayama
- Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Bioengineered siRNA-Based Nanoplatforms Targeting Molecular Signaling Pathways for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100929. [PMID: 33003468 PMCID: PMC7599839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer. Owing to the absenteeism of hormonal receptors expressed at the cancerous breast cells, hormonal therapies and other medications targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are ineffective in TNBC patients, making traditional chemotherapeutic agents the only current appropriate regimen. Patients' predisposition to relapse and metastasis, chemotherapeutics' cytotoxicity and resistance and poor prognosis of TNBC necessitates researchers to investigate different novel-targeted therapeutics. The role of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in silencing the genes/proteins that are aberrantly overexpressed in carcinoma cells showed great potential as part of TNBC therapeutic regimen. However, targeting specificity, siRNA stability, and delivery efficiency cause challenges in the progression of this application clinically. Nanotechnology was highlighted as a promising approach for encapsulating and transporting siRNA with high efficiency-low toxicity profile. Advances in preclinical and clinical studies utilizing engineered siRNA-loaded nanotherapeutics for treatment of TNBC were discussed. Specific and selective targeting of diverse signaling molecules/pathways at the level of tumor proliferation and cell cycle, tumor invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment, and chemotherapeutics' resistance demonstrated greater activity via integration of siRNA-complexed nanoparticles.
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14
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Ali I, Mukhtar SD, Ali HS, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Advances in Nanoparticles as Anticancer Drug Delivery Vector: Need of this Century. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1637-1649. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200203124330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Nanotechnology has contributed a great deal to the field of medical science. Smart drugdelivery
vectors, combined with stimuli-based characteristics, are becoming increasingly important. The use of
external and internal stimulating factors can have enormous benefits and increase the targeting efficiency of
nanotechnology platforms. The pH values of tumor vascular tissues are acidic in nature, allowing the improved
targeting of anticancer drug payloads using drug-delivery vectors. Nanopolymers are smart drug-delivery vectors
that have recently been developed and recommended for use by scientists because of their potential targeting
capabilities, non-toxicity and biocompatibility, and make them ideal nanocarriers for personalized drug delivery.
Method:
The present review article provides an overview of current advances in the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as
anticancer drug-delivery vectors.
Results:
This article reviews the molecular basis for the use of NPs in medicine, including personalized medicine,
personalized therapy, emerging vistas in anticancer therapy, nanopolymer targeting, passive and active targeting
transports, pH-responsive drug carriers, biological barriers, computer-aided drug design, future challenges and
perspectives, biodegradability and safety.
Conclusions:
This article will benefit academia, researchers, clinicians, and government authorities by providing a
basis for further research advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara – 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sofi D. Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Heyam S. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Cheminformatics Laboratory- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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15
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Israel LL, Galstyan A, Holler E, Ljubimova JY. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for imaging, targeting and treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the brain. J Control Release 2020; 320:45-62. [PMID: 31923537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles in general, and iron oxide nanoparticles in particular, have been studied extensively during the past 20 years for numerous biomedical applications. The main applications of these nanoparticles are in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic targeting, gene and drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia for tumor treatment, and manipulation of the immune system by macrophage polarization for cancer treatment. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to magnetic particle imaging (MPI) because of its better sensitivity compared to MRI. In recent years, MRI and MPI have been combined as a dual or multimodal imaging method to enhance the signal in the brain for the early detection and treatment of brain pathologies. Because magnetic and iron oxide nanoparticles are so diverse and can be used in multiple applications such as imaging or therapy, they have attractive features for brain delivery. However, the greatest limitations for the use of MRI/MPI for imaging and treatment are in brain delivery, with one of these limitations being the brain-blood barrier (BBB). This review addresses the current status, chemical compositions, advantages and disadvantages, toxicity and most importantly the future directions for the delivery of iron oxide based substances across the blood-brain barrier for targeting, imaging and therapy of primary and metastatic tumors of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron L Israel
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Julia Y Ljubimova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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16
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Wang WT, Han C, Sun YM, Chen TQ, Chen YQ. Noncoding RNAs in cancer therapy resistance and targeted drug development. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:55. [PMID: 31174564 PMCID: PMC6556047 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a large segment of the human transcriptome and have been shown to play important roles in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Increasing evidence on the functional roles of ncRNAs in cancer progression emphasizes the potential of ncRNAs for cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the roles of ncRNAs in disease relapse and resistance to current standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy; the current research progress on ncRNAs for clinical and/or potential translational applications, including the identification of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets; therapeutic approaches for ncRNA targeting; and ncRNA delivery strategies in potential clinical translation. Several ongoing clinical trials of novel RNA-based therapeutics were also emphasized. Finally, we discussed the perspectives and obstacles to different target combinations, delivery strategies, and system designs for ncRNA application. The next approved nucleic acid drug to treat cancer patients may realistically be on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cai Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Meng Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Tian-Qi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Israel LL, Braubach O, Galstyan A, Chiechi A, Shatalova ES, Grodzinski Z, Ding H, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. A Combination of Tri-Leucine and Angiopep-2 Drives a Polyanionic Polymalic Acid Nanodrug Platform Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1253-1271. [PMID: 30633492 PMCID: PMC7641102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the major problems facing the treatment of neurological disorders is the poor delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain. Our goal is to develop a multifunctional and biodegradable nanodrug delivery system that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to access brain tissues affected by neurological disease. In this study, we synthesized a biodegradable nontoxic β-poly(l-malic acid) (PMLA or P) as a scaffold to chemically bind the BBB crossing peptides Angiopep-2 (AP2), MiniAp-4 (M4), and the transferrin receptor ligands cTfRL and B6. In addition, a trileucine endosome escape unit (LLL) and a fluorescent marker (rhodamine or rh) were attached to the PMLA backbone. The pharmacokinetics, BBB penetration, and biodistribution of nanoconjugates were studied in different brain regions and at multiple time points via optical imaging. The optimal nanoconjugate, P/LLL/AP2/rh, produced significant fluorescence in the parenchyma of cortical layers II/III, the midbrain colliculi, and the hippocampal CA1-3 cellular layers 30 min after a single intravenous injection; clearance was observed after 4 h. The nanoconjugate variant P/LLL/rh lacking AP2, or the variant P/AP2/rh lacking LLL, showed significantly less BBB penetration. The LLL moiety appeared to stabilize the nanoconjugate, while AP2 enhanced BBB penetration. Finally, nanoconjugates containing the peptides M4, cTfRL, and B6 displayed comparably little and/or inconsistent infiltration of brain parenchyma, likely due to reduced trans-BBB movement. P/LLL/AP2/rh can now be functionalized with intra-brain targeting and drug treatment moieties that are aimed at molecular pathways implicated in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron L. Israel
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Oliver Braubach
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Antonella Chiechi
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Ekaterina S. Shatalova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Zachary Grodzinski
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Hui Ding
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Julia Y. Ljubimova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
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18
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Pawar A, Prabhu P. Nanosoldiers: A promising strategy to combat triple negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:319-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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19
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Conditional internalization of PEGylated nanomedicines by PEG engagers for triple negative breast cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15507. [PMID: 28593948 PMCID: PMC5472176 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks effective treatment options due to the absence of traditional therapeutic targets. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a promising target for TNBC therapy because it is overexpressed in about 50% of TNBC patients. Here we describe a PEG engager that simultaneously binds polyethylene glycol and EGFR to deliver PEGylated nanomedicines to EGFR+ TNBC. The PEG engager displays conditional internalization by remaining on the surface of TNBC cells until contact with PEGylated nanocarriers triggers rapid engulfment of nanocargos. PEG engager enhances the anti-proliferative activity of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin to EGFR+ TNBC cells by up to 100-fold with potency dependent on EGFR expression levels. The PEG engager significantly increases retention of fluorescent PEG probes and enhances the antitumour activity of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in human TNBC xenografts. PEG engagers with specificity for EGFR are promising for improved treatment of EGFR+ TNBC patients. The majority of treatment options for cancers are ineffective due to limited therapeutic targeting. Here, the authors develop bispecific antibodies that effectively target nanomaterials to triple-negative breast cancer cell receptors and deliver therapeutics leading to inhibition of tumour growth.
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20
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Ljubimova JY, Sun T, Mashouf L, Ljubimov AV, Israel LL, Ljubimov VA, Falahatian V, Holler E. Covalent nano delivery systems for selective imaging and treatment of brain tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:177-200. [PMID: 28606739 PMCID: PMC5578712 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving form of therapy that holds a great promise for superior drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy than conventional cancer treatment. In this review, we attempt to cover the benefits and the limitations of current nanomedicines with special attention to covalent nano conjugates for imaging and drug delivery in the brain. The improvement in brain tumor treatment remains dismal despite decades of efforts in drug development and patient care. One of the major obstacles in brain cancer treatment is the poor drug delivery efficiency owing to the unique blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS. Although various anti-cancer agents are available to treat tumors outside of the CNS, the majority fails to cross the BBB. In this regard, nanomedicines have increasingly drawn attention due to their multi-functionality and versatility. Nano drugs can penetrate BBB and other biological barriers, and selectively accumulate in tumor cells, while concurrently decreasing systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Ljubimova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Tao Sun
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leila Mashouf
- Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Liron L Israel
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Vladimir A Ljubimov
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Vida Falahatian
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Clinical Research Training Program (CRTP), 2424 Erwin Road, Suite 1102, Hock Plaza Box 2721, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Institut für Biophysik und Physikalische Biochemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Chou ST, Patil R, Galstyan A, Gangalum PR, Cavenee WK, Furnari FB, Ljubimov VA, Chesnokova A, Kramerov AA, Ding H, Falahatian V, Mashouf L, Fox I, Black KL, Holler E, Ljubimov AV, Ljubimova JY. Simultaneous blockade of interacting CK2 and EGFR pathways by tumor-targeting nanobioconjugates increases therapeutic efficacy against glioblastoma multiforme. J Control Release 2016; 244:14-23. [PMID: 27825958 PMCID: PMC5308909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the deadliest brain tumor in adults. GBM tumors are also notorious for drug and radiation resistance. To inhibit GBMs more effectively, polymalic acid-based blood-brain barrier crossing nanobioconjugates were synthesized that are delivered to the cytoplasm of cancer cells and specifically inhibit the master regulator serine/threonine protein kinase CK2 and the wild-type/mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/EGFRvIII), which are overexpressed in gliomas according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM database. Two xenogeneic mouse models bearing intracranial human GBMs from cell lines LN229 and U87MG that expressed both CK2 and EGFR at different levels were used. Simultaneous knockdown of CK2α and EGFR/EGFRvIII suppressed their downstream prosurvival signaling. Treatment also markedly reduced the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a negative regulator of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Downregulation of CK2 and EGFR also caused deactivation of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) co-chaperone Cdc37, which may suppress the activity of key cellular kinases. Inhibition of either target was associated with downregulation of the other target as well, which may underlie the increased efficacy of the dual nanobioconjugate that is directed against both CK2 and EGFR. Importantly, the single nanodrugs, and especially the dual nanodrug, markedly suppressed the expression of the cancer stem cell markers c-Myc, CD133, and nestin, which could contribute to the efficacy of the treatments. In both tumor models, the nanobioconjugates significantly increased (up to 2-fold) animal survival compared with the PBS-treated control group. The versatile nanobioconjugates developed in this study, with the abilities of anti-cancer drug delivery across biobarriers and the inhibition of key tumor regulators, offer a promising nanotherapeutic approach to treat GBMs, and to potentially prevent drug resistance and retard the recurrence of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ting Chou
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rameshwar Patil
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pallavi R Gangalum
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vladimir A Ljubimov
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexandra Chesnokova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrei A Kramerov
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hui Ding
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vida Falahatian
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistic and Bioinformatics Clinical Research Training Program ( CRTP )
| | | | - Irving Fox
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keith L Black
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julia Y Ljubimova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Novel cell-penetrating peptide-loaded nanobubbles synergized with ultrasound irradiation enhance EGFR siRNA delivery for triple negative Breast cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:387-95. [PMID: 27388967 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The lack of safe and effective gene delivery strategies remains a bottleneck for cancer gene therapy. Here, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and application of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-loaded nanobubbles (NBs), which are characterized by their safety, strong penetrating power and high gene loading capability for gene delivery. An epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted small interfering RNA (siEGFR) was transfected into triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells via prepared CPP-NBs synergized with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technology. Fluorescence microscopy showed that siEGFR and CPP were loaded on the shells of the NBs. The transfection efficiency and cell proliferation levels were evaluated by FACS and MTT assays, respectively. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that the expression of EGFR mRNA and protein could be efficiently downregulated and that the growth of a xenograft tumor derived from TNBC cells could be inhibited. Our results indicate that CPP-NBs carrying siEGFR could potentially be used as a promising non-viral gene vector that can be synergized with UTMD technology for efficient TNBC therapy.
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23
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Sorolla A, Ho D, Wang E, Evans CW, Ormonde CFG, Rashwan R, Singh R, Iyer KS, Blancafort P. Sensitizing basal-like breast cancer to chemotherapy using nanoparticles conjugated with interference peptide. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9343-53. [PMID: 27089946 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers are highly aggressive malignancies associated with very poor prognosis. Although these cancers may initially respond to first-line treatment, they become highly resistant to standard chemotherapy in the metastatic setting. Chemotherapy resistance in basal-like breast cancers is associated with highly selective overexpression of the homeobox transcription factor Engrailed 1 (EN1). Herein, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy using poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles decorated with poly(acrylic acid) that enable dual delivery of docetaxel and interference peptides designed to block or inhibit EN1 (EN1-iPep). We demonstrate that EN1-iPep is highly selective in inducing apoptotic cell death in basal-like cancer cells with negligible effects in a non-neoplastic human mammary epithelial cell line. Furthermore, we show that treatment with EN1-iPep results in a highly synergistic pharmacological interaction with docetaxel in inhibiting cancer cell growth. The incorporation of these two agents in a single nanoformulation results in greater anticancer efficacy than current nanoparticle-based treatments used in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sorolla
- Cancer Epigenetics, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - D Ho
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - E Wang
- Cancer Epigenetics, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - C W Evans
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - C F G Ormonde
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - R Rashwan
- Cancer Epigenetics, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - R Singh
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - K Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - P Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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24
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Shahbazi R, Ozpolat B, Ulubayram K. Oligonucleotide-based theranostic nanoparticles in cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1287-308. [PMID: 27102380 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostic approaches, combining the functionality of both therapy and imaging, have shown potential in cancer nanomedicine. Oligonucleotides such as small interfering RNA and microRNA, which are powerful therapeutic agents, have been effectively employed in theranostic systems against various cancers. Nanoparticles are used to deliver oligonucleotides into tumors by passive or active targeting while protecting the oligonucleotides from nucleases in the extracellular environment. The use of quantum dots, iron oxide nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles and tagging with contrast agents, like fluorescent dyes, optical or magnetic agents and various radioisotopes, has facilitated early detection of tumors and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. In this article, we review the advantages of theranostic applications in cancer therapy and imaging, with special attention to oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shahbazi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey
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25
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Sitia L, Ferrari R, Violatto MB, Talamini L, Dragoni L, Colombo C, Colombo L, Lupi M, Ubezio P, D’Incalci M, Morbidelli M, Salmona M, Moscatelli D, Bigini P. Fate of PLA and PCL-Based Polymeric Nanocarriers in Cellular and Animal Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:744-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Sitia
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milano, Italia
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina B. Violatto
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milano, Italia
| | - Laura Talamini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milano, Italia
| | - Luca Dragoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italia
| | - Claudio Colombo
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Colombo
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milano, Italia
| | - Monica Lupi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milano, Italia
| | - Paolo Ubezio
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milano, Italia
| | - Maurizio D’Incalci
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milano, Italia
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Salmona
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milano, Italia
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italia
| | - Paolo Bigini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milano, Italia
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26
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Wang S, Meng Y, Li C, Qian M, Huang R. Receptor-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems Targeting to Glioma. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 6:nano6010003. [PMID: 28344260 PMCID: PMC5302535 DOI: 10.3390/nano6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioma has been considered to be the most frequent primary tumor within the central nervous system (CNS). The complexity of glioma, especially the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), makes the survival and prognosis of glioma remain poor even after a standard treatment based on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This provides a rationale for the development of some novel therapeutic strategies. Among them, receptor-mediated drug delivery is a specific pattern taking advantage of differential expression of receptors between tumors and normal tissues. The strategy can actively transport drugs, such as small molecular drugs, gene medicines, and therapeutic proteins to glioma while minimizing adverse reactions. This review will summarize recent progress on receptor-mediated drug delivery systems targeting to glioma, and conclude the challenges and prospects of receptor-mediated glioma-targeted therapy for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chengyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Rongqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Mendes TFS, Kluskens LD, Rodrigues LR. Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Nanosolutions for a Big Challenge. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500053. [PMID: 27980912 PMCID: PMC5115335 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particular immunopathological subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) and amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene. Characterized by aggressive and metastatic phenotypes and high rates of relapse, TNBC is the only breast cancer subgroup still lacking effective therapeutic options, thus presenting the worst prognosis. The development of targeted therapies, as well as early diagnosis methods, is vital to ensure an adequate and timely therapeutic intervention in patients with TNBC. This review intends to discuss potentially emerging approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC patients, with a special focus on nano-based solutions that actively target these particular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leon D Kluskens
- Centre of Biological Engineering University of Minho 4710-057 Braga Portugal
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Li L, Zhang CL, Kang L, Wang RF, Yan P, Zhao Q, Yin L, Guo FQ. Enhanced EJ Cell Killing of (125)I Radiation by Combining with Cytosine Deaminase Gene Therapy Regulated by Synthetic Radio-Responsive Promoter. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015; 30:342-8. [PMID: 26382009 PMCID: PMC4601673 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the enhancing effect of radionuclide therapy by the therapeutic gene placed under the control of radio-responsive promoter. Methods: The recombinant lentivirus E8-codA-GFP, including a synthetic radiation-sensitive promoter E8, cytosine deaminase (CD) gene, and green fluorescent protein gene, was constructed. The gene expression activated by 125I radiation was assessed by observation of green fluorescence. The ability of converting 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorourial (5-FU) by CD enzyme was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The viability of the infected cells exposed to 125I in the presence of 5-FC was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the infected cells exposed to 125I alone served as negative control and 5-FU as positive control. Results: The recombinant lentiviral vector was constructed successfully. On exposure of infected cells to 125I, green fluorescence can be observed and 5-FU can be detected. MTT assay showed that the survival rate for infected cells treated with 125I was lower compared with the 125I control group, but higher than the positive control group. Conclusion: The synthetic promoter E8 can induce the expression of downstream CD gene under 125I radiation, and the tumor killing effect of 125I can be enhanced by combining CD gene therapy with radiosensitive promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Chun-li Zhang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Kang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yin
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Feng-qin Guo
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
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29
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Patil R, Gangalum PR, Wagner S, Portilla-Arias J, Ding H, Rekechenetskiy A, Konda B, Inoue S, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Curcumin Targeted, Polymalic Acid-Based MRI Contrast Agent for the Detection of Aβ Plaques in Alzheimer's Disease. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1212-7. [PMID: 26036700 PMCID: PMC4794283 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no gadolinium-based contrast agent available for conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of amyloidal beta (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its timely finding would be vital for patient survival and quality of life. Curcumin (CUR), a common Indian spice effectively binds to Aβ plaques which is a hallmark of AD. To address this binding, we have designed a novel nanoimaging agent (NIA) based on nature-derived poly(β-l-malic acid) (PMLA) containing covalently attached gadolinium-DOTA(Gd-DOTA) and nature-derived CUR. The all-in-one agent recognizes and selectively binds to Aβ plaques and is detected by MRI. It efficiently detected Aβ plaques in human and mouse samples by an ex vivo staining. The method can be useful in clinic for safe and noninvasive diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Patil
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Pallavi R Gangalum
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Jose Portilla-Arias
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Hui Ding
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Arthur Rekechenetskiy
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Bindu Konda
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Keith L Black
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Julia Y Ljubimova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA.
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Patil R, Koronyo Y, Ljubimov AV, Salumbides B, Mamelak A, Gangalum PR, Ding H, Portilla-Arias J, Holler E, Butte P, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Ljubimova JY, Black KL. Advances in Imaging: Brain Tumors to Alzheimer's Disease. THE BANGKOK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 10:83-97. [PMID: 29142857 PMCID: PMC5683733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Professor Black and colleagues have been working to improve the quality and sensitivity of imaging in the early detection of conditions from brain tumors to Alzheimer's disease to enhance treatment protocols and patient management. Professor Black et al introduced nanoparticles to improve MRI imaging. These nanoparticles consist of poly (b-L- malic acid (PMLA)) conjugates with monoclonal antibodies ((mAbs)) and Gd-DOTA. These are known as MRI nano-imaging agents (NIA). Most importantly, they can penetrate the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach brain tumors (primary or metastasis). This is effective in cases of brain tumors or breast cancer or other cancers such as lung cancer and gastric cancer having HER2 and/or EGFR positive crossing BBB. By the covalent conjugation of MR contrast (NIA), the MRI virtual biopsy can differentiate brain tumors from infections or other brain pathological conditions. The brain's intrinsic natural fluorescence such as NADH, FAD, lipopigments and porphyrin in the brain tissue can be identified by using time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) which is operated through the use of ultra-short laser. TRFS produces various color bands to differentiate the tumor from normal brain tissue in real time and registers the data on a 3D map. This is significant, as this will provide a greatly improved assessment methodology of tissue type. Consequently, this will potentially result in shorter operation times as well as more satisfactory tumor removal. In the detection of Alzheimer disease, amyloid plaque is deposited in retina tissue (including the RGC, RNFL and inner plexiform layer) which can produce a fluorescence effect by using curcumin as a contrast. This is then shown by human retina amyloid imaging device. Immunotherapies with glatiramer acetate (GA) have been shown to reduce amyloid deposits in brain and retinal AB deposits in mice. The study of advanced imaging technology and techniques including NIA, TRFS and the detection of amyloid plaque in Alzheimer disease are very important approaches to create a new era for diagnostic and therapeutic management of brain tumors and other cancers (HER2 and/or EGFR positive). This pioneering work by Professor Black, and colleagues, gives rise to a new hope for cancer patients for targeted therapy and for immunotherapies in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander V. Ljubimov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brenda Salumbides
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adam Mamelak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pallavi R. Gangalum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jose Portilla-Arias
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pramod Butte
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julia Y. Ljubimova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Patil R, Ljubimov AV, Gangalum PR, Ding H, Portilla-Arias J, Wagner S, Inoue S, Konda B, Rekechenetskiy A, Chesnokova A, Markman JL, Ljubimov VA, Li D, Prasad RS, Black KL, Holler E, Ljubimova JY. MRI virtual biopsy and treatment of brain metastatic tumors with targeted nanobioconjugates: nanoclinic in the brain. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5594-608. [PMID: 25906400 PMCID: PMC4768903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement(s) remains a significant problem, which may be difficult to resolve without biopsy, which can be often dangerous or even impossible. Such MRI enhancement(s) can result from metastasis of primary tumors such as lung or breast, radiation necrosis, infections, or a new primary brain tumor (glioma, meningioma). Neurological symptoms are often the same on initial presentation. To develop a more precise noninvasive MRI diagnostic method, we have engineered a new class of poly(β-l-malic acid) polymeric nanoimaging agents (NIAs). The NIAs carrying attached MRI tracer are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and specifically target cancer cells for efficient imaging. A qualitative/quantitative "MRI virtual biopsy" method is based on a nanoconjugate carrying MRI contrast agent gadolinium-DOTA and antibodies recognizing tumor-specific markers and extravasating through the BBB. In newly developed double tumor xenogeneic mouse models of brain metastasis this noninvasive method allowed differential diagnosis of HER2- and EGFR-expressing brain tumors. After MRI diagnosis, breast and lung cancer brain metastases were successfully treated with similar tumor-targeted nanoconjugates carrying molecular inhibitors of EGFR or HER2 instead of imaging contrast agent. The treatment resulted in a significant increase in animal survival and markedly reduced immunostaining for several cancer stem cell markers. Novel NIAs could be useful for brain diagnostic MRI in the clinic without currently performed brain biopsies. This technology shows promise for differential MRI diagnosis and treatment of brain metastases and other pathologies when biopsies are difficult to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Alexander V. Ljubimov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Arrogene Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Pallavi R. Gangalum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jose Portilla-Arias
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Bindu Konda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Arthur Rekechenetskiy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Alexandra Chesnokova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Janet L. Markman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Vladimir A. Ljubimov
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ravi S. Prasad
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Arrogene Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Arrogene Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Julia Y. Ljubimova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Arrogene Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States
- Address correspondence to
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Dobrovolskaia MA, McNeil SE. Strategy for selecting nanotechnology carriers to overcome immunological and hematological toxicities challenging clinical translation of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1163-75. [PMID: 25994601 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1042857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical translation of nucleic acid-based therapeutics (NATs) is hampered by assorted challenges in immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and formulation. Nanotechnology-based platforms are being considered to help address some of these challenges due to the nanoparticles' ability to change drug biodistribution, stability, circulation half-life, route of administration and dosage. Addressing toxicology and pharmacology concerns by various means including NATs reformulation using nanotechnology-based carriers has been reviewed before. However, little attention was given to the immunological and hematological issues associated with nanotechnology reformulation. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on application of nanotechnology carriers for delivery of various types of NATs, and how reformulation using nanoparticles affects immunological and hematological toxicities of this promising class of therapeutic agents. EXPERT OPINION NATs share several immunological and hematological toxicities with common nanotechnology carriers. In order to avoid synergy or exaggeration of undesirable immunological and hematological effects of NATs by a nanocarrier, it is critical to consider the immunological compatibility of the nanotechnology platform and its components. Since receptors sensing nucleic acids are located essentially in all cellular compartments, a strategy for developing a nanoformulation with reduced immunotoxicity should first focus on precise delivery to the target site/cells and then on optimizing intracellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Principal Scientist, Immunology Section Head,Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , P .O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702 , USA +1 301 8466939 ; +1 301 846 6399 ;
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Ding H, Patil R, Portilla-Arias J, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Quantitative analysis of PMLA nanoconjugate components after backbone cleavage. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8607-20. [PMID: 25894227 PMCID: PMC4425099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional polymer nanoconjugates containing multiple components show great promise in cancer therapy, but in most cases complete analysis of each component is difficult. Polymalic acid (PMLA) based nanoconjugates have demonstrated successful brain and breast cancer treatment. They consist of multiple components including targeting antibodies, Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (AONs), and endosome escape moieties. The component analysis of PMLA nanoconjugates is extremely difficult using conventional spectrometry and HPLC method. Taking advantage of the nature of polyester of PMLA, which can be cleaved by ammonium hydroxide, we describe a method to analyze the content of antibody and AON within nanoconjugates simultaneously using SEC-HPLC by selectively cleaving the PMLA backbone. The selected cleavage conditions only degrade PMLA without affecting the integrity and biological activity of the antibody. Although the amount of antibody could also be determined using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method, our selective cleavage method gives more reliable results and is more powerful. Our approach provides a new direction for the component analysis of polymer nanoconjugates and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 110 N. 127 S. San Vincente, Advanced Health Science Pavilion A8220, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 110 N. 127 S. San Vincente, Advanced Health Science Pavilion A8220, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Jose Portilla-Arias
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 110 N. 127 S. San Vincente, Advanced Health Science Pavilion A8220, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 110 N. 127 S. San Vincente, Advanced Health Science Pavilion A8220, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Julia Y Ljubimova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 110 N. 127 S. San Vincente, Advanced Health Science Pavilion A8220, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 110 N. 127 S. San Vincente, Advanced Health Science Pavilion A8220, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Johnson R, Sabnis N, McConathy WJ, Lacko AG. The potential role of nanotechnology in therapeutic approaches for triple negative breast cancer. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:353-70. [PMID: 24244833 PMCID: PMC3826456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer, TNBC, a highly aggressive and metastatic type of breast cancer, is characterized by loss of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and a lack of overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It is a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse histology, molecular uniqueness and response to treatment. Unfortunately, TNBC patients do not benefit from current anti-HER2 or hormone positive targeted breast cancer treatments; consequently, these patients rely primarily on chemotherapy. However, the 5-year survival rate for woman with metastatic TNBC is less than 30%. As a result of ineffective treatments, TNBC tumors often progress to metastatic lesions in the brain and lung. Brain metastases of invasive breast cancer are associated with 1 and 2 year survival rate of 20% and <2% respectively. Because the only current systemic treatment for TNBC is chemotherapy, alternative targeted therapies are urgently needed to improve the prognosis for TNBC patients. This review is focused on opportunities for developing new approaches for filling the current void in an effective treatment for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Johnson
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mails: (R.J.); (N.S.)
| | - Nirupama Sabnis
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mails: (R.J.); (N.S.)
- LipoMedics LLC., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mail: (W.J.M.)
| | | | - Andras G. Lacko
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mails: (R.J.); (N.S.)
- LipoMedics LLC., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mail: (W.J.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2132
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Ljubimova JY, Portilla-Arias J, Patil R, Ding H, Inoue S, Markman JL, Rekechenetskiy A, Konda B, Gangalum PR, Chesnokova A, Ljubimov AV, Black KL, Holler E. Toxicity and efficacy evaluation of multiple targeted polymalic acid conjugates for triple-negative breast cancer treatment. J Drug Target 2013; 21:956-967. [PMID: 24032759 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.837470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles are widely used for delivery of drugs but frequently lack proof of safety for cancer patient's treatment. All-in-one covalent nanodrugs of the third generation have been synthesized based on a poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMLA) platform, targeting human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). They significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice by blocking synthesis of epidermal growth factor receptor, and α4 and β1 chains of laminin-411, the tumor vascular wall protein and angiogenesis marker. PMLA and nanodrug biocompatibility and toxicity at low and high dosages were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The dual-action nanodrug and single-action precursor nanoconjugates were assessed under in vitro conditions and in vivo with multiple treatment regimens (6 and 12 treatments). The monitoring of TNBC treatment in vivo with different drugs included blood hematologic and immunologic analysis after multiple intravenous administrations. The present study demonstrates that the dual-action nanoconjugate is highly effective in preclinical TNBC treatment without side effects, supported by hematologic and immunologic assays data. PMLA-based nanodrugs of the Polycefin™ family passed multiple toxicity and efficacy tests in vitro and in vivo on preclinical level and may prove to be optimized and efficacious for the treatment of cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Ljubimova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Arrogene, Inc., Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Jose Portilla-Arias
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet L Markman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Bindu Konda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pallavi R Gangalum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Arrogene, Inc., Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Arrogene, Inc., Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Arrogene, Inc., Santa Monica, CA, USA
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Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Biocompatible nanopolymers: the next generation of breast cancer treatment? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1467-70. [PMID: 23148535 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Ding H, Portilla-Arias J, Patil R, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Distinct mechanisms of membrane permeation induced by two polymalic acid copolymers. Biomaterials 2013; 34:217-25. [PMID: 23063368 PMCID: PMC3487713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anionic polymers are valuable components used in cosmetics and health sciences, especially in drug delivery, because of their chemical versatility and low toxicity. However, because of their highly negative charge they pose problems for penetration through hydrophobic barriers such as membranes. We have engineered anionic polymalic acid (PMLA) to penetrate biological membranes. PMLA copolymers of leucine ethyl ester (P/LOEt) or trileucine (P/LLL) show either pH-independent or pH-dependent activity for membrane penetration. We report here for the first time on the mechanisms which are different for those two copolymers. Formation of hydrophobic patches in either copolymer is detected by fluorescence techniques. The copolymers display distinctly different properties in solution and during membranolysis. P/LOEt copolymer binds to membrane as single molecules with high affinity, and induces leakage cooperatively through a mechanism known as "carpet" model, in which the polymer aligns at the surface throughout the entire process of membrane permeation. In contrast, P/LLL self-assembles to form an oligomer of 105 nm in a pH-dependent manner (pKa 5.5) and induces membrane leakage through a two-phase process: the concentration dependent first-phase of insertion of the oligomer into membrane followed by a concentration independent second-phase of rearrangement of the membrane-oligomer complex. The insertion of P/LLL is facilitated by hydrophobic interactions between trileucine side chains and lipids in the membrane core, resulting in transmembrane pores, through mechanism known as "barrel-stave" model. The understanding of the mechanism paves the way for future engineering of polymeric delivery systems with optimal cytoplasmic delivery efficiency and reduced systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Jiang XF, Tang QL, Shen XM, Li HG, Chen LH, Wang XY, Luo X, Lin ZQ, Jiang GY. Tumor-associated macrophages, epidermal growth factor receptor correlated with the triple negative phenotype in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 208:730-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cellular delivery of doxorubicin via pH-controlled hydrazone linkage using multifunctional nano vehicle based on poly(β-l-malic acid). Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11681-11693. [PMID: 23109877 PMCID: PMC3472769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is currently used in cancer chemotherapy to treat many tumors and shows improved delivery, reduced toxicity and higher treatment efficacy when being part of nanoscale delivery systems. However, a major drawback remains its toxicity to healthy tissue and the development of multi-drug resistance during prolonged treatment. This is why in our work we aimed to improve DOX delivery and reduce the toxicity by chemical conjugation with a new nanoplatform based on polymalic acid. For delivery into recipient cancer cells, DOX was conjugated via pH-sensitive hydrazone linkage along with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic nanoconjugate platform: poly(β-l-malic acid) (PMLA). DOX-nanoconjugates were found stable under physiological conditions and shown to successfully inhibit in vitro cancer cell growth of several invasive breast carcinoma cell lines such as MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB- 468 and of primary glioma cell lines such as U87MG and U251.
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Verbon EH, Post JA, Boonstra J. The influence of reactive oxygen species on cell cycle progression in mammalian cells. Gene 2012; 511:1-6. [PMID: 22981713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is performed by cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). Recently, it has become clear that reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence the presence and activity of these enzymes and thereby control cell cycle progression. In this review, we first describe the discovery of enzymes specialized in ROS production: the NADPH oxidase (NOX) complexes. This discovery led to the recognition of ROS as essential players in many cellular processes, including cell cycle progression. ROS influence cell cycle progression in a context-dependent manner via phosphorylation and ubiquitination of CDKs and cell cycle regulatory molecules. We show that ROS often regulate ubiquitination via intermediate phosphorylation and that phosphorylation is thus the major regulatory mechanism influenced by ROS. In addition, ROS have recently been shown to be able to activate growth factor receptors. We will illustrate the diverse roles of ROS as mediators in cell cycle regulation by incorporating phosphorylation, ubiquitination and receptor activation in a model of cell cycle regulation involving EGF-receptor activation. We conclude that ROS can no longer be ignored when studying cell cycle progression.
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BiotecVisions 2012, April. Biotechnol J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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