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Kamachi K, Koide K, Otsuka N, Goto M, Kenri T. Strain identity of Bordetella pertussis isolates from household members based on whole-genome sequencing. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:111-114. [PMID: 38224024 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the genetic diversity of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis, within households by whole-genome sequencing. In pairwise comparisons of 23 isolates collected from 11 households, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed extremely low SNP diversity (≤1 SNP) between isolate pairs: no SNPs were detected in 10 households and one SNP was obtained in the remaining household. This SNP was uncommon for B. pertussis and resulted in a nonsynonymous substitution (Ala303Thr) in nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase. We demonstrated that the same strain is transmitted between household members and that B. pertussis is genomically stable during household transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Kamachi
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Otsuka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Goto
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kenri
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Koide K, Uchitani Y, Yamaguchi T, Otsuka N, Goto M, Kenri T, Kamachi K. Whole-genome comparison of two same-genotype macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis isolates collected in Japan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298147. [PMID: 38359004 PMCID: PMC10868825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) is a significant problem because it reduces treatment options for pertussis and exacerbates the severity and spread of the disease. MRBP has been widely prevalent in mainland China since the 2010s and has been sporadically detected in other Asian countries. In Japan, two MRBP clinical strains were first isolated in Tokyo and Osaka between June and July 2018. The isolates BP616 in Osaka and BP625 in Tokyo harbored the same virulence-associated allelic genes (including ptxP1, ptxA1, prn1, fim3A, and fhaB3) and MT195 genotype and exhibited similar antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. However, despite their simultaneous occurrence, a distinguishable epidemiological link between these isolates could not be established. To gain further insight into the genetic relationship between these isolates in this study, we performed whole-genome analyses. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that the isolates belonged to one of the three clades of Chinese MRBP isolates, but there were 11 single-nucleotide polymorphism differences between BP616 and BP625. Genome structure analysis revealed two large inversions (202 and 523 kbp) and one small transposition (3.8 kbp) between the genomes. These findings indicate that the two Japanese MRBP isolates are closely related to Chinese MRBP isolates but are genomically distinct, suggesting that they were introduced into Japan from mainland China through different transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Koide
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Uchitani
- Division of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Otsuka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Goto
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kenri
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kamachi
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Lecorvaisier F. [Impact of vaccination on the evolution of Bordetella pertussis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:161-166. [PMID: 38411424 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against pertussis, or whooping cough, have been commercialized and used in most countries worldwide for decades. The history of these vaccines is distinctive, marked by the transition from whole-cell vaccines to acellular vaccines in many developed countries over the last two decades. This particular history has had a significant impact on the evolution of Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough. Both genetic and phenotypic changes appeared, with the emergence of novel alleles for antigens targeted by the vaccines and changes in the expression of these antigens. The main consequence of these changes is the resurgence of whooping cough in many countries and the appearance of strains capable of evading vaccine-induced immunity. The emergence of novel strains under vaccine pressure underscores the importance of considering biological evolution in the conception of new vaccines and vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lecorvaisier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 LBBE, UMR 5558, CNRS, VAS, Villeurbanne, France
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4
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Thorat S, Ogale P, Gautam M, Shaligram U, Gairola S. Development and validation of capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) method for purity analysis of pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin and pertactin antigens. Vaccine 2023; 41:5854-5862. [PMID: 37591705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
We report here the development and validation of CE-SDS method for purity analysis of Acellular Pertussis vaccine components viz. purified Pertussis toxin (PTx), purified Filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), and Pertactinantigen (PRN). The method was found to be specific and showed excellent linearity at a concentration range of 15.62 µg/mL-1000 µg/mL for purified PTx, 31.25 µg/mL-1000 µg/mL for purified FHA, and 3.9 µg/mL-1000 µg/mL for PRN antigen. Method reported limit of quantification (LOQ) 31.25 µg/mL, 62.5 µg/mL, and 7.8 µg/mL for purified PTx, FHA, and PRN respectively. Method precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) for purity and molecular weight determination in product matrix was below 10% for all three proteins. Method comparability studies were performed with SDS-PAGE. CE-SDS demonstrated corroborating results with SDS-PAGE for the estimation of purity and molecular weight analysis. However, CE-SDS method exhibited better resolution capabilities for resolving all the sub-unit peaks of PTx and isoforms of purified FHA. CE-SDS method also demonstrated stability indicating potential and thus fits its intended purpose as an effective analytical tool for quality control of acellular pertussis-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Thorat
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratik Ogale
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Gautam
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Umesh Shaligram
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Gairola
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune 411 028, Maharashtra, India.
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5
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Knuutila A, Harju I, Korhonen S, Mäkelä J, Backström L, Barkoff AM, He Q. Vaccine Antigen Deficiency Does Not Substantially Affect the Identification of Bordetella pertussis Strains by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0166522. [PMID: 36976003 PMCID: PMC10117144 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01665-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Knuutila
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Inka Harju
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Korhonen
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Microbiology, Bacteriology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonatan Mäkelä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lucas Backström
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Qiushui He
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Szwejser-Zawislak E, Wilk MM, Piszczek P, Krawczyk J, Wilczyńska D, Hozbor D. Evaluation of Whole-Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in the Context of Long-Term Herd Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010001. [PMID: 36679846 PMCID: PMC9863224 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
After the pertussis vaccine had been introduced in the 1940s and was shown to be very successful in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, the possibility of improving both vaccine composition and vaccination schedules has become the subject of continuous interest. As a result, we are witnessing a considerable heterogeneity in pertussis vaccination policies, which remains beyond universal consensus. Many pertussis-related deaths still occur in low- and middle-income countries; however, these deaths are attributable to gaps in vaccination coverage and limited access to healthcare in these countries, rather than to the poor efficacy of the first generation of pertussis vaccine consisting in inactivated and detoxified whole cell pathogen (wP). In many, particularly high-income countries, a switch was made in the 1990s to the use of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, to reduce the rate of post-vaccination adverse events and thereby achieve a higher percentage of children vaccinated. However the epidemiological data collected over the past few decades, even in those high-income countries, show an increase in pertussis prevalence and morbidity rates, triggering a wide-ranging debate on the causes of pertussis resurgence and the effectiveness of current pertussis prevention strategies, as well as on the efficacy of available pertussis vaccines and immunization schedules. The current article presents a systematic review of scientific reports on the evaluation of the use of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines, in the context of long-term immunity and vaccines efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szwejser-Zawislak
- Institute of Biotechnology of Serums and Vaccines Biomed, Al. Sosnowa 8, 30-224 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mieszko M. Wilk
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Piszczek
- Institute of Biotechnology of Serums and Vaccines Biomed, Al. Sosnowa 8, 30-224 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Krawczyk
- Institute of Biotechnology of Serums and Vaccines Biomed, Al. Sosnowa 8, 30-224 Krakow, Poland
| | - Daria Wilczyńska
- Institute of Biotechnology of Serums and Vaccines Biomed, Al. Sosnowa 8, 30-224 Krakow, Poland
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- VacSal Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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7
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Koide K, Yao S, Chiang C, Thuy PTB, Nga DTT, Huong DT, Dien TM, Vichit O, Vutthikol Y, Sovannara S, Samnang C, Takayama I, Ainai A, Nakajima N, Otsuka N, Kamachi K, Saitoh A. Genotyping and macrolide-resistant mutation of Bordetella pertussis in East and South-East Asia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 31:263-269. [PMID: 36270447 PMCID: PMC9750937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) has been emerging and prevailing in mainland China since 2011. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genotype and macrolide resistance of circulating B. pertussis in East and Southeast Asia using genetic analyses. METHODS A total of 302 DNA extracts from clinical specimens and isolates from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed: 145 from Vietnam, 76 from Cambodia, 48 from Taiwan, and 33 from Japan. Genotypes were determined by multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Macrolide-resistant A2047G mutation in B. pertussis 23S rRNA was investigated using the duplex Cycleave real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on two MRBP isolates that were identified for the first time in Taiwan. RESULTS Overall, 286 DNA extracts (95%) generated a complete MLVA genotype and 283 DNA extracts (94%) yielded a complete result for the A2047G mutation analysis. The A2047G mutation was detected in 18 DNA extracts: fourteen from Vietnam, one from Cambodia, two from Taiwan, and one from Japan. Most of them (78%) showed the genotypes MT104 and MT195, which have previously been reported in Chinese MRBP isolates. Further, the Taiwanese MRBP isolates were classified into the MT104 clade of Chinese MRBP isolates. CONCLUSION After MRBP emerged and spread in mainland China, it may have spread to East and Southeast Asia in the 2010s. Continued surveillance targeting the A2047G mutation of MRBP is needed to prevent further spread of this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Koide
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - ShuMan Yao
- Centre for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen‑Sheue Chiang
- Centre for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Phung Thi Bich Thuy
- Department of Molecular Biology for Infectious Disease, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Thuy Nga
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Centre for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Thu Huong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Centre for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Dien
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ork Vichit
- National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Cambodia
| | - Yong Vutthikol
- National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Cambodia
| | | | - Chham Samnang
- Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Immunization, World Health Organization, Cambodia
| | - Ikuyo Takayama
- Research Centre for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Otsuka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kamachi
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan,Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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8
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Evolution of Bordetella pertussis in the acellular vaccine era in Norway, 1996 to 2019. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 41:913-924. [PMID: 35543837 PMCID: PMC9135841 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We described the population structure of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) in Norway from 1996 to 2019 and determined if there were evolutionary shifts and whether these correlated with changes in the childhood immunization program. We selected 180 B. pertussis isolates, 22 from the whole cell vaccine (WCV) era (1996–1997) and 158 from the acellular vaccine (ACV) era (1998–2019). We conducted whole genome sequencing and determined the distribution and frequency of allelic variants and temporal changes of ACV genes. Norwegian B. pertussis isolates were evenly distributed across a phylogenetic tree that included global strains. We identified seven different allelic profiles of ACV genes (A–F), in which profiles A1, A2, and B dominated (89%), all having pertussis toxin (ptxA) allele 1, pertussis toxin promoter (ptxP) allele 3, and pertactin (prn) allele 2 present. Isolates with ptxP1 and prn1 were not detected after 2007, whereas the prn2 allele likely emerged prior to 1972, and ptxP3 before the early 1980s. Allele conversions of ACV genes all occurred prior to the introduction of ACV. Sixteen percent of our isolates showed mutations within the prn gene. ACV and its booster doses (implemented for children in 2007 and adolescents in 2013) might have contributed to evolvement of a more uniform B. pertussis population, with recent circulating strains having ptxA1, ptxP3, and prn2 present, and an increasing number of prn mutations. These strains clearly deviate from ACV strains (ptxA1, ptxP1, prn1), and this could have implications for vaccine efficiency and, therefore, prevention and control of pertussis.
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9
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Lefrancq N, Bouchez V, Fernandes N, Barkoff AM, Bosch T, Dalby T, Åkerlund T, Darenberg J, Fabianova K, Vestrheim DF, Fry NK, González-López JJ, Gullsby K, Habington A, He Q, Litt D, Martini H, Piérard D, Stefanelli P, Stegger M, Zavadilova J, Armatys N, Landier A, Guillot S, Hong SL, Lemey P, Parkhill J, Toubiana J, Cauchemez S, Salje H, Brisse S. Global spatial dynamics and vaccine-induced fitness changes of Bordetella pertussis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn3253. [PMID: 35476597 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
As with other pathogens, competitive interactions between Bordetella pertussis strains drive infection risk. Vaccines are thought to perturb strain diversity through shifts in immune pressures; however, this has rarely been measured because of inadequate data and analytical tools. We used 3344 sequences from 23 countries to show that, on average, there are 28.1 transmission chains circulating within a subnational region, with the number of chains strongly associated with host population size. It took 5 to 10 years for B. pertussis to be homogeneously distributed throughout Europe, with the same time frame required for the United States. Increased fitness of pertactin-deficient strains after implementation of acellular vaccines, but reduced fitness otherwise, can explain long-term genotype dynamics. These findings highlight the role of vaccine policy in shifting local diversity of a pathogen that is responsible for 160,000 deaths annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Lefrancq
- Insitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Valérie Bouchez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Fernandes
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Alex-Mikael Barkoff
- University of Turku UTU, Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Infections and Immunity, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Thijs Bosch
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Tine Dalby
- Statens Serum Institut, Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi/Infectious Disease Preparedness, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Åkerlund
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Unit for Laboratory Surveillance of Bacterial Pathogens, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jessica Darenberg
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Unit for Laboratory Surveillance of Bacterial Pathogens, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden
| | - Katerina Fabianova
- National Institute of Public Health, Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, CZ-10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Didrik F Vestrheim
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Vaccine, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Norman K Fry
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England-National Infection Service, London NW9 5EQ, UK.,Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England-National Infection Service, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Juan José González-López
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Microbiology Department, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karolina Gullsby
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, 80187 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Adele Habington
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Qiushui He
- University of Turku UTU, Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Infections and Immunity, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - David Litt
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England-National Infection Service, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Helena Martini
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Centre for Bordetella pertussis, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Piérard
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Centre for Bordetella pertussis, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, IT-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marc Stegger
- Statens Serum Institut, Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi/Infectious Disease Preparedness, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jana Zavadilova
- National Institute of Public Health, National Reference Laboratory for Pertussis and Diphtheria, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Armatys
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Annie Landier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Samuel L Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, Department of General Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Insitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Henrik Salje
- Insitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
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10
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Mir-Cros A, Moreno-Mingorance A, Martín-Gómez MT, Abad R, Bloise I, Campins M, González-Praetorius A, Gutiérrez MN, Martín-González H, Muñoz-Almagro C, Orellana MÁ, de Pablos M, Roca-Grande J, Rodrigo C, Rodríguez ME, Uriona S, Vidal MJ, Pumarola T, Larrosa MN, González-López JJ. Pertactin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis with Unusual Mechanism of Pertactin Disruption, Spain, 1986-2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:967-976. [PMID: 35447067 PMCID: PMC9045434 DOI: 10.3201/eid2805.211958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis not expressing pertactin has increased in countries using acellular pertussis vaccines (ACV). The deficiency is mostly caused by pertactin gene disruption by IS481. To assess the effect of the transition from whole-cell vaccine to ACV on the emergence of B. pertussis not expressing pertactin in Spain, we studied 342 isolates collected during 1986–2018. We identified 93 pertactin-deficient isolates. All were detected after introduction of ACV and represented 38% of isolates collected during the ACV period; 58.1% belonged to a genetic cluster of isolates carrying the unusual prn::del(–292, 1340) mutation. Pertactin inactivation by IS481 insertion was identified in 23.7% of pertactin-deficient isolates, arising independently multiple times and in different phylogenetic branches. Our findings support the emergence and dissemination of a cluster of B. pertussis with an infrequent mechanism of pertactin disruption in Spain, probably resulting from introduction of ACV.
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11
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Silva RP, DiVenere AM, Amengor D, Maynard JA. Antibodies binding diverse pertactin epitopes protect mice from B. pertussis infection. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101715. [PMID: 35151691 PMCID: PMC8931430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many current acellular pertussis vaccines include the antigen pertactin, which has presumptive adhesive and immunomodulatory activities, but is rapidly lost from clinical isolates after the introduction of these vaccines. To better understand the contributions of pertactin antibodies to protection and pertactin's role in pathogenesis, we isolated and characterized recombinant antibodies binding four distinct epitopes on pertactin. We demonstrate that four of these antibodies bind epitopes that are conserved across all three classical Bordetella strains, and competition assays further showed that antibodies binding these epitopes are also elicited by B. pertussis infection of baboons. Surprisingly, we found that representative antibodies binding each epitope protected mice against experimental B. pertussis infection. A cocktail of antibodies from each epitope group protected mice against a subsequent lethal dose of B. pertussis and greatly reduced lung colonization levels after sublethal challenge. Each antibody reduced B. pertussis lung colonization levels up to 100-fold when administered individually, which was significantly reduced when antibody effector functions were impaired, with no antibody mediating antibody-dependent complement-induced lysis. These data suggest that antibodies binding multiple pertactin epitopes protect primarily by the same bactericidal mechanism, which overshadows contributions from blockade of other pertactin functions. These antibodies expand the available tools to further dissect pertactin's role in infection and understand the impact of antipertactin antibodies on bacterial fitness.
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Guiso N, Soubeyrand B, Macina D. Can vaccines control bacterial virulence and pathogenicity? Bordetella pertussis: the advantage of fitness over virulence. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:363-370. [PMID: 36032328 PMCID: PMC9400806 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Some vaccines, such as diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines (aPVs), may favor the emergence of less pathogenic strains of the respective bacteria they target. This review discusses the impact of the wide use of aPV on Bordetella pertussis phenotype evolutions and their beneficial consequences in the light of the diphtheria toxoid immunization program experience and structuring evidence review in a causal analysis following Bradford Hill’s causality criteria. All aPVs contain the pertussis toxin (PT), the main virulence factor of B.pertussis, alone or with one adhesin (filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)), two adhesins (FHA and pertactin (PRN)) or four adhesins (FHA, PRN and two fimbriae (Fim 2/3)). In countries where the coverage of aPVs containing PRN is high, PRN negative B.pertussis isolates are increasing in prevalence, but isolates nonproducing the other antigens are rarely reported. We hypothesize that the selective pressure at play with PRN should exist against all aVP antigens, although detection biases may hinder its detection for other antigens, especially PT. PT being responsible for clinically frank cases of the disease, the opportunity to collect PT negative isolates is far lower than to collect PRN negative isolates which have a limited clinical impact. The replacement of the current B.pertussis by far less pathogenic isolates no longer producing the factors contained in aPVs should be expected as a consequence of the wide aPV use.
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Belcher T, Dubois V, Rivera-Millot A, Locht C, Jacob-Dubuisson F. Pathogenicity and virulence of Bordetella pertussis and its adaptation to its strictly human host. Virulence 2021; 12:2608-2632. [PMID: 34590541 PMCID: PMC8489951 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1980987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis has evolved as a human-restricted pathogen from a progenitor which also gave rise to Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. While the latter colonizes a broad range of mammals and is able to survive in the environment, B. pertussis has lost its ability to survive outside its host through massive genome decay. Instead, it has become a highly successful human pathogen by the acquisition of tightly regulated virulence factors and evolutionary adaptation of its metabolism to its particular niche. By the deployment of an arsenal of highly sophisticated virulence factors it overcomes many of the innate immune defenses. It also interferes with vaccine-induced adaptive immunity by various mechanisms. Here, we review data from invitro, human and animal models to illustrate the mechanisms of adaptation to the human respiratory tract and provide evidence of ongoing evolutionary adaptation as a highly successful human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Belcher
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Violaine Dubois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alex Rivera-Millot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Françoise Jacob-Dubuisson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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14
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Ma L, Caulfield A, Dewan KK, Harvill ET. Pertactin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis, Vaccine-Driven Evolution, and Reemergence of Pertussis. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1561-1566. [PMID: 34014152 PMCID: PMC8153889 DOI: 10.3201/eid2706.203850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reemergence of pertussis (whooping cough) in highly vaccinated populations and rapid expansion of Bordetella pertussis strains lacking pertactin (PRN), a common acellular vaccine antigen, have raised the specter of vaccine-driven evolution and potential return of what was once the major killer of children. The discovery that most circulating B. pertussis strains in the United States have acquired new and independent disruptive mutations in PRN is compelling evidence of strong selective pressure. However, the other 4 antigens included in acellular vaccines do not appear to be selected against so rapidly. We consider 3 aspects of PRN that distinguish it from other vaccine antigens, which might, individually or collectively, explain why only this antigen is being precipitously eliminated. An understanding of the increase in PRN-deficient strains should provide useful information for the current search for new protective antigens and provide broader lessons for the design of improved subunit vaccines.
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15
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Leite D, Camargo CH, Kashino SS, Polatto R, Martins LM, Pereira JC, Pawloski L, Tondella ML, Oliveira RSD, Vaz de Lima LRDA. Prevalence and characterization of pertactin deficient Bordetella pertussis strains in Brazil, a whole-cell vaccine country. Vaccine X 2021; 8:100103. [PMID: 34179765 PMCID: PMC8213957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many countries have reported antigenic divergence among circulating Bordetella pertussis strains, mainly in those countries which introduced the acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine. This phenomenon can be seen, for example, with the recent rise of pertactin (Prn)-deficient B. pertussis strains, one of the antigens included in aP vaccine formulas. The whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccine has been used in Brazil since 1977 for the primary pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus immunization series. In 2014, the aP vaccine was recommended for women during pregnancy to protect infants in the first months of life. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of Prn-deficiency in 511 isolates of B. pertussis collected in Brazil during 2010-2016. All isolates were characterized, through PFGE and serotyping, and screened for the loss of Prn by ELISA. Prn-deficiency was confirmed by immunoblotting, and identification of the possible genetic markers was performed with PCR and Sanger sequencing. Results indicate that 110 PFGE profiles are currently circulating, with five profiles representing the majority, and the predominant serotype 3, has been gradually replaced by serotype 2 and serotype 2,3. ELISA screening and immunoblotting identified three Prn-deficient isolates. Genotypic characterization by PCR and sequencing indicated that one isolate had a promoter mutation in prn, while the other two did not have an obvious genetic explanation for their deficiency. While the lack of Prn was identified in a few isolates, this study did not detect a relevant occurrence of Prn-deficiency, until 2016, confirming previous observations that Prn-deficiency is likely aP vaccine-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Leite
- Department of Bacteriology, National Reference Laboratory for Pertussis, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Camargo
- Department of Bacteriology, National Reference Laboratory for Pertussis, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Polatto
- Department of Bacteriology, National Reference Laboratory for Pertussis, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Moura Martins
- Department of Bacteriology, National Reference Laboratory for Pertussis, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Pereira
- Department of Bacteriology, National Reference Laboratory for Pertussis, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Pawloski
- Pertussis and Diphtheria Laboratory, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Lucia Tondella
- Pertussis and Diphtheria Laboratory, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Solans L, Debrie AS, Coutte L, Locht C. Construction and evaluation of a pertactin-deficient live attenuated pertussis vaccine candidate BPZE1 derivative. Vaccine 2021; 39:2843-2849. [PMID: 33896662 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis, mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis, is a severe respiratory disease that can be fatal, especially in young infants. Vaccines, massively implemented since the middle of the last century, have substantially reduced the pertussis incidence, but have not been able to fully control the disease. One of the shortcomings of current pertussis vaccines is their inability to prevent infection by and transmission of B. pertussis, in contrast to immunity following natural infection. We have developed the live attenuated nasal vaccine BPZE1 and have shown that it prevents both disease and B. pertussis infection in preclinical models. This vaccine is now in clinical development. However, the initial clinical studies have suggested that vaccine take is hampered by pre-existing antibodies to pertactin. Here, we have constructed a pertactin-deficient BPZE1 derivative called BPZE1P in order to overcome this limitation. BPZE1P colonized the murine respiratory tract as efficiently as BPZE1 and induced antibodies at levels similar to those elicited by BPZE1. In the presence of pre-existing antibodies induced by acellular pertussis vaccination, BPZE1P colonized the mouse respiratory tract more efficiently than BPZE1. Both vaccines protected equally well the murine lungs and noses from challenge with laboratory and clinical strains of B. pertussis, including pertactin-deficient strains, against which current acellular pertussis vaccines are less efficient. BPZE1P may thus be an interesting alternative to BPZE1 to overcome vaccine take limitations due to pre-existing antibodies to pertactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Solans
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Debrie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Loïc Coutte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains a major public health problem, despite high vaccination coverage. Furthermore, the disease incidence has increased recently, especially in countries that have switched from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines. AREAS COVERED Here, we provide a state-of-the art summary of the reasons for the pertussis resurgence and discuss potential solutions using current vaccines and challenges for the development of novel vaccines. PubMed was searched for publications with the terms pertussis and vaccines. Many new vaccine candidates are proposed but most have not reached clinical development. Most of them induce strong systemic immune responses and protection in mice. However, since B. pertussis is a mucosal pathogen, albeit with systemic effects, local immunity may be crucial to prevent B. pertussis infection and transmission. Recent efforts have focused on vaccine candidates able to induce immunity in the nasal cavity, and one of them is currently in clinical development. EXPERT COMMENTARY New pertussis vaccines are needed to durably control the disease and circulation of B. pertussis. A major challenge is to prove efficacy against disease in randomized controlled trials, while it is feasible to provide evidence for prevention of infection, since asymptomatic carriage of B. pertussis is wide spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur De Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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Kamachi K, Yao SM, Chiang CS, Koide K, Otsuka N, Shibayama K. Rapid and simple SNP genotyping for Bordetella pertussis epidemic strain MT27 based on a multiplexed single-base extension assay. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4823. [PMID: 33649512 PMCID: PMC7921669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is widely used for genotyping of Bordetella pertussis, the causative bacteria for pertussis. However, MLVA genotyping is losing its discriminate power because prevalence of the epidemic MT27 strain (MLVA-27) is increasing worldwide. To address this, we developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping method for MT27 based on multiplexed single-base extension (SBE) assay. A total of 237 MT27 isolates collected in Japan during 1999–2018 were genotyped and classified into ten SNP genotypes (SG1 to SG10) with a Simpson’s diversity index (DI) of 0.79 (95% CI 0.76–0.82). Temporal trends showed a marked increase in the genotypic diversity in the 2010s: Simpson’s DI was zero in 1999–2004, 0.16 in 2005–2009, 0.83 in 2010–2014, and 0.76 in 2015–2018. This indicates that the SNP genotyping is applicable to the recently circulating MT27 strain. Additionally, almost all outbreak-associated MT27 isolates were classified into the same SNP genotypes for each outbreak. Multiplexed SBE assay allows for rapid and simple genotyping, indicating that the SNP genotyping can potentially be a useful tool for subtyping the B. pertussis MT27 strain in routine surveillance and outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Kamachi
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shu-Man Yao
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Sheue Chiang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Otsuka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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IL-17 mediates protective immunity against nasal infection with Bordetella pertussis by mobilizing neutrophils, especially Siglec-F + neutrophils. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1183-1202. [PMID: 33976385 PMCID: PMC8379078 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of protective immunity in the nasal mucosae is central to the design of more effective vaccines that prevent nasal infection and transmission of Bordetella pertussis. We found significant infiltration of IL-17-secreting CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells and Siglec-F+ neutrophils into the nasal tissue during primary infection with B. pertussis. Il17A-/- mice had significantly higher bacterial load in the nasal mucosae, associated with significantly reduced infiltration of Siglec-F+ neutrophils. Re-infected convalescent mice rapidly cleared B. pertussis from the nasal cavity and this was associated with local expansion of IL-17-producing CD4+ TRM cells. Depletion of CD4 T cells from the nasal tissue during primary infection or after re-challenge of convalescent mice significantly delayed clearance of bacteria from the nasal mucosae. Protection was lost in Il17A-/- mice and this was associated with significantly less infiltration of Siglec-F+ neutrophils and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. Finally, depletion of neutrophils reduced the clearance of B. pertussis following re-challenge of convalescent mice. Our findings demonstrate that IL-17 plays a critical role in natural and acquired immunity to B. pertussis in the nasal mucosae and this effect is mediated by mobilizing neutrophils, especially Siglec-F+ neutrophils, which have high neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) activity.
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Transcriptional Downregulation of a Type III Secretion System under Reducing Conditions in Bordetella pertussis. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00400-20. [PMID: 32817088 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00400-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject virulence proteins into host cells. Although the B. pertussis T3SS was presumed to be involved in host colonization, efficient secretion of type III secreted proteins from B. pertussis has not been observed. To investigate the roles of type III secreted proteins during infection, we attempted to optimize culture conditions for the production and secretion of a type III secreted protein, BteA, in B. pertussis We observed that B. pertussis efficiently secretes BteA in ascorbic acid-depleted (AsA-) medium. When L2 cells, a rat lung epithelial cell line, were infected with B. pertussis cultured in the AsA- medium, BteA-dependent cytotoxicity was observed. We also performed an immunofluorescence assay of L2 cells infected with B. pertussis Clear fluorescence signals of Bsp22, a needle structure of T3SS, were detected on the bacterial surface of B. pertussis cultured in the AsA- medium. Since ascorbic acid is known as a reducing agent, we cultured B. pertussis in liquid medium containing other reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and dithioerythritol. Under these reducing conditions, the production of type III secreted proteins was repressed. These results suggest that in B. pertussis, the production and secretion of type III secreted proteins are downregulated under reducing conditions.IMPORTANCE The type III secretion system (T3SS) of Bordetella pertussis forms a needlelike structure that protrudes from the bacterial cell surface. B. pertussis uses a T3SS to translocate virulence proteins called effectors into host cells. The culture conditions for effector production in B. pertussis have not been investigated. We attempted to optimize culture medium compositions for producing and secreting type III secreted proteins. We found that B. pertussis secretes type III secreted proteins in reducing agent-deprived liquid medium and that BteA-secreting B. pertussis provokes cytotoxicity against cultured mammalian cells. These results suggest that redox signaling is involved in the regulation of B. pertussis T3SS.
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21
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Zeddeman A, van Schuppen E, Kok KE, van Gent M, Heuvelman KJ, Bart MJ, van der Heide HGJ, Gillard J, Simonetti E, Eleveld MJ, van Opzeeland FJH, van Selm S, de Groot R, de Jonge MI, Mooi FR, Diavatopoulos DA. Effect of FHA and Prn on Bordetella pertussis colonization of mice is dependent on vaccine type and anatomical site. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237394. [PMID: 32822419 PMCID: PMC7446907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis vaccine escape mutants that lack expression of the pertussis antigen pertactin (Prn) have emerged in vaccinated populations in the last 10–20 years. Additionally, clinical isolates lacking another acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine component, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), have been found sporadically. Here, we show that both whole-cell pertussis (wP) and aP vaccines induced protection in the lungs of mice, but that the wP vaccine was more effective in nasal clearance. Importantly, bacterial populations isolated from the lungs shifted to an FHA-negative phenotype due to frameshift mutations in the fhaB gene. Loss of FHA expression was strongly selected for in Prn-deficient strains in the lungs following aP but not wP vaccination. The combined loss of Prn and FHA led to complete abrogation of bacterial surface binding by aP-induced serum antibodies. This study demonstrates vaccine- and anatomical site-dependent adaptation of B. pertussis and has major implications for the design of improved pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zeddeman
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evi van Schuppen
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristianne E. Kok
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Gent
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kees J. Heuvelman
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J. Bart
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Han G. J. van der Heide
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua Gillard
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elles Simonetti
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J. Eleveld
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred J. H. van Opzeeland
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van Selm
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I. de Jonge
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits R. Mooi
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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22
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Barkoff AM, Mertsola J, Pierard D, Dalby T, Hoegh SV, Guillot S, Stefanelli P, van Gent M, Berbers G, Vestrheim D, Greve-Isdahl M, Wehlin L, Ljungman M, Fry NK, Markey K, He Q. Pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates: evidence of increased circulation in Europe, 1998 to 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30782265 PMCID: PMC6381657 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.7.1700832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Pertussis outbreaks have occurred in several industrialised countries using acellular pertussis vaccines (ACVs) since the 1990s. High prevalence of pertactin (PRN)-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates has been found in these countries. Aims To evaluate in Europe: (i) whether proportions of PRN-deficient strains increased in consecutive collections of B. pertussis clinical isolates; (ii) if the frequency of PRN-deficient strains in countries correlated with the time since ACV introduction; (iii) the presence of pertussis toxin (PT)-, filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA)- or fimbriae (Fim)-deficient isolates. Methods B. pertussis clinical isolates were obtained from different European countries during four periods (EUpert I–IV studies): 1998 to 2001 (n = 102), 2004 to 2005 (n = 154), 2007 to 2009 (n = 140) and 2012 to 2015 (n = 265). The isolates’ selection criteria remained unchanged in all periods. PRN, PT, FHA and Fim2 and Fim3 expression were assessed by ELISA. Results In each period 1.0% (1/102), 1.9% (3/154), 6.4% (9/140) and 24.9% (66/265) of isolates were PRN-deficient. In EUpert IV, PRN-deficient isolates occurred in all countries sampled and in six countries their frequency was higher than in EUpert III (for Sweden and the United Kingdom, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0155, respectively). Sweden and Italy which used ACVs since the mid 1990s had the highest frequencies (69%; 20/29 and 55%; 11/20, respectively) while Finland, where primary immunisations with ACV containing PRN dated from 2009 had the lowest (3.6%). Throughout the study, no PT- or FHA-deficient isolate and one Fim2/3-deficient was detected. Conclusion Results suggest that the longer the period since the introduction of ACVs containing PRN, the higher the frequency of circulating PRN-deficient isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex-Mikael Barkoff
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Mertsola
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Denis Pierard
- Department of Microbiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tine Dalby
- Statens Serum Institut, Infectious Disease Preparedness - Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silje Vermedal Hoegh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense, University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence de la Coqueluche et autres Bordetelloses, Paris, France
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marjolein van Gent
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Guy Berbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Didrik Vestrheim
- Department of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margrethe Greve-Isdahl
- Department of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Wehlin
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Norman K Fry
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England - National Infection Service, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Markey
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Qiushui He
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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23
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Ramkissoon S, MacArthur I, Ibrahim M, de Graaf H, Read RC, Preston A. A qPCR assay for Bordetella pertussis cells that enumerates both live and dead bacteria. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232334. [PMID: 32353041 PMCID: PMC7192480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, commonly referred to as pertussis. Although the incidence of pertussis was reduced through vaccination, during the last thirty years it has returned to high levels in a number of countries. This resurgence has been linked to the switch from the use of whole-cell to acellular vaccines. Protection afforded by acellular vaccines appears to be short-lived compared to that afforded by whole cell vaccines. In order to inform future vaccine improvement by identifying immune correlates of protection, a human challenge model of B. pertussis colonisation has been developed. Accurate measurement of colonisation status in this model has required development of a qPCR-based assay to enumerate B. pertussis in samples that distinguishes between viable and dead bacteria. Here we report the development of this assay and its performance in the quantification of B. pertussis from human challenge model samples. This assay has future utility in diagnostic labs and in research where a quantitative measure of both B. pertussis number and viability is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Ramkissoon
- Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Iain MacArthur
- Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Muktar Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Experimental Sciences, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hans de Graaf
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Experimental Sciences, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C. Read
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Experimental Sciences, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Preston
- Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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24
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Multiplex Point-of-Care Tests for the Determination of Antibodies after Acellular Pertussis Vaccination. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040187. [PMID: 32230963 PMCID: PMC7235718 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the current serological diagnosis of pertussis is based on pertussis toxin (PT) IgG antibodies and does not differentiate between vaccination and infection-induced antibodies. PT is included in all of acellular pertussis vaccines available in the world. Multiplex testing of non-vaccine antigen-related antibodies has the potential to improve the diagnostic outcome of these assays. In this study, we developed a quantitatively spatial multiplex lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the detection of IgG antibodies directed against PT, pertactin (PRN), and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). The assay was evaluated with serum samples with varying anti-PT, anti-PRN, and anti-FHA IgG levels and the result was compared to those obtained with standardized ELISA. The developed assay showed good specificity with PT and PRN antibodies and semiquantification throughout the antigen combinations. This exploratory study indicates that the multiplex LFIA is specific and sensitive, and a similar test platform with alternative antigens could be suitable for new type of pertussis serology.
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25
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Safarchi A, Octavia S, Nikbin VS, Lotfi MN, Zahraei SM, Tay CY, Lamichhane B, Shahcheraghi F, Lan R. Genomic epidemiology of Iranian Bordetella pertussis: 50 years after the implementation of whole cell vaccine. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 8:1416-1427. [PMID: 31543006 PMCID: PMC6764348 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1665479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains a public health problem worldwide, despite high vaccine coverage in infants and children in many countries. Iran has been using whole cell vaccine for the last 50 years with more than 95% vaccination rate since 1988 and has experienced pertussis resurgence in recent years. Here, we sequenced 55 B. pertussis isolates mostly collected from three provinces with the highest number of pertussis cases in Iran, including Tehran, Mazandaran, and Eastern-Azarbayjan from the period of 2008-2016. Most isolates carried ptxP3/prn2 alleles (42/55, 76%), the same genotype as isolates circulating in acellular vaccine-administrating countries. The second most frequent genotype was ptxP3/prn9 (8/55, 14%). Only three isolates (5%) were ptxP1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Iranian ptxP3 isolates can be divided into eight clades (Clades 1-8) with no temporal association. Most of the isolates from Tehran grouped together as one distinctive clade (Clade 8) with six unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In addition, the prn9 isolates were grouped together as Clade 5 with 12 clade-supporting SNPs. No pertactin deficient isolates were found among the 55 Iranian isolates. Our findings suggest that there is an ongoing adaptation and evolution of B. pertussis regardless of the types of vaccine used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Safarchi
- Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Vajihe Sadat Nikbin
- Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nakhost Lotfi
- Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Zahraei
- Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Fereshteh Shahcheraghi
- Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
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26
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Clinical Findings and Management of Pertussis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1183:151-160. [PMID: 31359365 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis is an endemic highly infectious vaccine-preventable disease. The disease is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. In the most recent years, the re-emergence of pertussis occurred, and many efforts were done to identify the possible causes. Certainly, more effective laboratory methods have a role in making the diagnosis easier. However, sub-optimal efficacy of available vaccines as well as their limited duration of protection could explain the resurgence of the disease. Many forms and clinical features of the disease, ranging from the most classical to atypical and very nuanced forms, have been reported. There are many aspects that influence the clinical features of the pathology, such as a previous immunization or infection, patient's age, gender and antibiotic treatment. A prompt suspect and a rapid diagnosis of pertussis is fundamental for an appropriate clinical management and for preventing pertussis complications, especially in children. However, under a clinical point of view, pertussis is often difficult to be diagnosed. A prompt treatment may decrease the duration and severity of cough; the cornerstone drugs are the macrolides. Although prompt diagnosis and effective therapy are important for pertussis control, only with a broad vaccination coverage will be possible to reduce circulation of Bordetella pertussis.
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27
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Xu Z, Octavia S, Luu LDW, Payne M, Timms V, Tay CY, Keil AD, Sintchenko V, Guiso N, Lan R. Pertactin-Negative and Filamentous Hemagglutinin-Negative Bordetella pertussis, Australia, 2013-2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1196-1199. [PMID: 31107218 PMCID: PMC6537726 DOI: 10.3201/eid2506.180240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 2008–2012 pertussis epidemic in Australia, pertactin (Prn)–negative Bordetella pertussis emerged. We analyzed 78 isolates from the 2013–2017 epidemic and documented continued expansion of Prn-negative ptxP3 B. pertussis strains. We also detected a filamentous hemagglutinin-negative and Prn-negative B. pertussis isolate.
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28
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Xu Z, Wang Z, Luan Y, Li Y, Liu X, Peng X, Octavia S, Payne M, Lan R. Genomic epidemiology of erythromycin-resistant Bordetella pertussis in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:461-470. [PMID: 30898080 PMCID: PMC6455148 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1587315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides such as erythromycin are the empirical treatment of Bordetella pertussis infections. China has experienced an increase in erythromycin-resistant B. pertussis isolates since they were first reported in 2013. Here, we undertook a genomic study on Chinese B. pertussis isolates from 2012 to 2015 to elucidate the origins and phylogenetic relationships of erythromycin-resistant B. pertussis isolates in China. A total of 167 Chinese B. pertussis isolates were used for antibiotic sensitivity testing and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA). All except four isolates were erythromycin-resistant and of the four erythromycin-sensitive isolates, three were non-ptxP1. MLVA types (MT), MT55, MT104 and MT195 were the predominant types. Fifty of those isolates were used for whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed three independent erythromycin-resistant lineages and all resistant isolates carried a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. A novel fhaB3 allele was found uniquely in Chinese ptxP1 isolates and these Chinese ptxP1-ptxA1-fhaB3 had a 5-fold higher mutation rate than the global ptxP1-ptxA1 B. pertussis population. Our results suggest that the evolution of Chinese B. pertussis is likely to be driven by selection pressure from both vaccination and antibiotics. The emergence of the new non-vaccine fhaB3 allele in Chinese B. pertussis population may be a result of selection from vaccination, whereas the expansion of ptxP1-fhaB3 lineages was most likely to be the result of selection pressure from antibiotics. Further monitoring of B. pertussis in China is required to better understand the evolution of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Zengguo Wang
- b Xi'an Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Xi'an , People's Republic of China.,c Department of Infectious Diseases , Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luan
- b Xi'an Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Yarong Li
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguai Liu
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Peng
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Sophie Octavia
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
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29
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Ben Fraj I, Bouchez V, Smaoui H, Kechrid A, Brisse S. Genome characteristics of Bordetella pertussis isolates from Tunisia. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1320-1323. [PMID: 31329091 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent increase in pertussis cases observed in some countries may have several causes, including the evolution of Bordetella pertussis populations towards escape of vaccine-induced immunity. Most genomic studies of B. pertussis isolates performed so far are from countries that use acellular vaccines. The objective was to analyse genomic sequences of isolates collected during the 2014 whooping cough epidemic in Tunisia, a country where whole-cell vaccines are used. Ten Tunisian isolates and four vaccine strains were sequenced and compared to 169 isolates from countries where acellular vaccines are used. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Tunisian isolates are diverse, demonstrating a multi-strain 2014 epidemic peak, and are intermixed with those circulating in other world regions, showing inter-country transmission. Consistently, Tunisian isolates have antigen variant composition observed in other world regions. No pertactin-deficient strain was observed. The Tunisian B. pertussis population appears to be largely connected with populations from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ben Fraj
- University of Tunis El Manar, Children's Hospital of Tunis, Laboratory of Microbiology, UR12ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Valérie Bouchez
- National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Hanen Smaoui
- University of Tunis El Manar, Children's Hospital of Tunis, Laboratory of Microbiology, UR12ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Kechrid
- University of Tunis El Manar, Children's Hospital of Tunis, Laboratory of Microbiology, UR12ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections, Paris, France
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30
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Tsang RSW, Shuel M, Cronin K, Deng S, Whyte K, Marchand-Austin A, Ma J, Bolotin S, Crowcroft N, Schwartz K, Van Domselaar G, Graham M, Jamieson FB. The evolving nature of Bordetella pertussis in Ontario, Canada, 2009-2017: strains with shifting genotypes and pertactin deficiency. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:823-830. [PMID: 31295416 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the evolving nature of Bordetella pertussis in Ontario, Canada, by characterizing isolates for their genotypes and expression of pertactin (PRN). From 2009 to 2017, 413 B. pertussis were cultured from pertussis cases at the Public Health Ontario Laboratory. Their genotypes were determined by partial gene sequence analysis of their virulence and (or) vaccine antigens: filamentous haemagglutinin, PRN, fimbriae 3, and pertussis toxin, including the promoter region. Expression of PRN was measured by Western immunoblot. Two predominant genotypes, ST-1 and ST-2, were found throughout the study and were responsible for 47.5% and 46.3% of all case isolates, respectively. The prevalence of ST-1 appeared to fluctuate from 80.3% in 2009 to 20.0% in 2014 and 58.5% in 2017, while the prevalence of ST-2 changed from 18.4% in 2009 to 80.0% in 2014 and 26.2% in 2017. A PRN-deficient strain was first noted in 2011 (16.7%), and its prevalence increased to 70.8% in 2016 but decreased to 46.2% in 2017. More ST-2 (46.6%) than ST-1 (16.8%) strains were associated with PRN deficiency. Newer ST-21 and ST-22 found in 2015-2017 were uniformly PRN deficient. The impact of the evolving nature of B. pertussis on disease epidemiology requires further longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S W Tsang
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michelle Shuel
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kirby Cronin
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saul Deng
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kathleen Whyte
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alex Marchand-Austin
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ma
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelly Bolotin
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Crowcroft
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Schwartz
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Morag Graham
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Frances B Jamieson
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Esposito S, Stefanelli P, Fry NK, Fedele G, He Q, Paterson P, Tan T, Knuf M, Rodrigo C, Weil Olivier C, Flanagan KL, Hung I, Lutsar I, Edwards K, O'Ryan M, Principi N. Pertussis Prevention: Reasons for Resurgence, and Differences in the Current Acellular Pertussis Vaccines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1344. [PMID: 31333640 PMCID: PMC6616129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is an acute respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. Due to its frequency and severity, prevention of pertussis has been considered an important public health issue for many years. The development of the whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wPV) and its introduction into the pediatric immunization schedule was associated with a marked reduction in pertussis cases in the vaccinated cohort. However, due to the frequency of local and systemic adverse events after immunization with wPV, work on a less reactive vaccine was undertaken based on isolated B. pertussis components that induced protective immune responses with fewer local and systemic reactions. These component vaccines were termed acellular vaccines and contained one or more pertussis antigens, including pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN), and fimbrial proteins 2 (FIM2) and 3 (FIM3). Preparations containing up to five components were developed, and several efficacy trials clearly demonstrated that the aPVs were able to confer comparable short-term protection than the most effective wPVs with fewer local and systemic reactions. There has been a resurgence of pertussis observed in recent years. This paper reports the results of a Consensus Conference organized by the World Association for Infectious Disease and Immunological Disorders (WAidid) on June 22, 2018, in Perugia, Italy, with the goal of evaluating the most important reasons for the pertussis resurgence and the role of different aPVs in this resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Paediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Norman K. Fry
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England–National Infection Service, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Qiushui He
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pauline Paterson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, The Vaccine Confidence Project TM, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Tan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Markus Knuf
- Children's Hospital, Helios HSk, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlos Rodrigo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine-Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospita, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Katie L. Flanagan
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivan Hung
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Iria Lutsar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kathryn Edwards
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Role of Evolutionary Selection Acting on Vaccine Antigens in the Re-Emergence of Bordetella Pertussis. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7020035. [PMID: 30995764 PMCID: PMC6630436 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis (“whooping cough”) is a re-emerging disease with increasing incidence among fully vaccinated individuals. We explored the genetic diversity of five Bordetella pertussis proteins used to generate the subunit vaccine across ancestral and newly emergent strains using immunoinformatics and evolutionary selection measurements. The five subunits of pertussis toxin (Ptx1–Ptx5) were highly conserved with regard to sequence, predicted structure, predicted antigenicity, and were under purifying selection. In contrast, the adhesin proteins pertactin (Prn) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were under statistically significant (p < 0.01) diversifying selection. Most heavily diversified sites of each protein fell within antigenic epitopes, and the functional adhesin motifs were conserved. Protein secondary structure was conserved despite sequence diversity for FHA but was changeable in Prn. These findings suggest that subunit vaccine-derived immunity does not impact Ptx1–Ptx5 but may apply evolutionary pressure to Prn and FHA to undergo diversifying selection. These findings offer further insight into the emergence of vaccine-resistant strains of B. pertussis.
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Abstract
Pertussis or whooping cough, mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis, is a severe respiratory disease that can affect all age groups but is most severe and can be life-threatening in young children. Vaccines against this disease are widely available since the 1950s. Despite high global vaccination coverage, the disease is not under control in any country, and its incidence is even increasing in several parts of the world. Epidemiological and experimental evidence has shown that the vaccines fail to prevent B. pertussis infection and transmission, although they are very effective in preventing disease. Given the high infection rate of B. pertussis, effective control of the disease likely requires prevention of infection and transmission in addition to protection against disease. With rare exceptions B. pertussis infections are restricted to the airways and do not usually disseminate beyond the respiratory epithelium. Therefore, protection at the level of the respiratory mucosa may be helpful for an improved control of pertussis. Yet, compared to systemic responses, mucosal immune responses have attracted relatively little attention in the context of pertussis vaccine development. In this review we summarize the available literature on the role of mucosal immunity in the prevention of B. pertussis infection. In contrast to vaccination, natural infection in humans and experimental infections in animals induce strong secretory IgA responses in the naso-pharynx and in the lungs. Several studies have shown that secretory IgA may be instrumental in the control of B. pertussis infection. Furthermore, studies in mouse models have revealed that B. pertussis infection, but not immunization with current acellular pertussis vaccines induces resident memory T cells, which may also contribute to protection against colonization by B. pertussis. As these resident memory T cells are long lived, vaccines that are able to induce them should provide long-lasting immunity. As of today, only one vaccine designed to induce potent mucosal immunity is in clinical development. This vaccine is a live attenuated B. pertussis strain delivered nasally in order to mimic the natural route of infection. Due to its ability to induce mucosal immunity it is expected that this approach will contribute to improved control of pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Solans
- Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
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Molecular Epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1183:19-33. [PMID: 31342459 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although vaccination has been effective, Bordetella pertussis is increasingly causing epidemics, especially in industrialized countries using acellular vaccines (aPs). One factor behind the increased circulation is the molecular changes on the pathogen level. After pertussis vaccinations were introduced, changes in the fimbrial (Fim) serotype of the circulating strains was observed. When bacterial typing methods improved, further changes between the vaccine and circulating strains, especially among the common virulence genes including pertussis toxin (PT) and pertactin (PRN) were noticed. Moreover, development of genome based techniques including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have offered a better resolution to monitor B. pertussis strains. After the introduction of aP vaccines, B. pertussis strains that are deficient to vaccine antigens, especially PRN, have appeared widely. On the other hand, antimicrobial resistance to first line drugs (macrolides) against B. pertussis is still low in many countries and therefore no globally evaluated antimicrobial susceptibility test values have been recommended. In this review, we focus on the molecular changes in the bacteria, which have or may have affected the past and current epidemiology of pertussis.
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Pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates in Poland-a country with whole-cell pertussis primary vaccination. Microbes Infect 2018; 21:170-175. [PMID: 30580013 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of pertussis vaccination in the 1950s resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of disease. However, since the 1990s many highly vaccinated countries have observed the re-emergence of the disease. One of the causes of this phenomenon might be related to the adaptation of Bordetella pertussis to vaccination. The purpose of the presented study was an investigation of the emergence and spread of vaccine antigen-deficient B. pertussis isolates in Poland and genomic characterization of the currently circulating pathogen population using PFGE, MLVA and MAST. The results revealed that all tested isolates expressed Ptx, FHA and ACT antigens but 15.4% (4/26) of isolates from 2010 to 2016 were Prn-deficient. Moreover, one TcfA-deficient isolate was collected in 2015. The genotyping showed a genetic distinction between the isolates circulating in 2010-2016 and isolates from previous periods. The majority of currently circulating isolates belonged to PFGE group IV (96.2%), type MT27 (73.1%), and carried ptxA1-ptxC2-ptxP3-prn2-tcfA2-fim2-1-fim3-1 alleles (61.5%). The unique genetic structure of the B. pertussis population in Poland has changed since 2010 and became similar to that observed in countries with aP vaccination. This could be a result of increasing use of aP vaccines (60% of primary vaccination in 2013) over wP vaccines, which have been broadly used for primary vaccination in Poland for decades.
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Kennedy DA, Read AF. Why the evolution of vaccine resistance is less of a concern than the evolution of drug resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12878-12886. [PMID: 30559199 PMCID: PMC6304978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717159115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines and antimicrobial drugs both impose strong selection for resistance. Yet only drug resistance is a major challenge for 21st century medicine. Why is drug resistance ubiquitous and not vaccine resistance? Part of the answer is that vaccine resistance is far less likely to evolve than drug resistance. But what happens when vaccine resistance does evolve? We review six putative cases. We find that in contrast to drug resistance, vaccine resistance is harder to detect and harder to confirm and that the mechanistic basis is less well understood. Nevertheless, in the cases we examined, the pronounced health benefits associated with vaccination have largely been sustained. Thus, we contend that vaccine resistance is less of a concern than drug resistance because it is less likely to evolve and when it does, it is less harmful to human and animal health and well-being. Studies of pathogen strains that evolve the capacity to replicate and transmit from vaccinated hosts will enhance our ability to develop next-generation vaccines that minimize the risk of harmful pathogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kennedy
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Departments of Biology and Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Andrew F Read
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Departments of Biology and Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Ben Fraj I, Kechrid A, Guillot S, Bouchez V, Brisse S, Guiso N, Smaoui H. Pertussis epidemiology in Tunisian infants and children and characterization of Bordetella pertussis isolates: results of a 9-year surveillance study, 2007 to 2016. J Med Microbiol 2018; 68:241-247. [PMID: 30526740 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pertussis remains a public health concern in most countries. Our study aimed to prospectively explore the epidemiology of pertussis in the Tunis area of Tunisia between 2007 and 2016, and to characterize the virulence-associated genes of the collected Bordetella pertussis isolates. METHODOLOGY Infants and children hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia, between 2007 and 2016 for suspicion of pertussis were enrolled in the study. Culture and real-time PCR (qPCR) assays targeting IS481, IS1001, recA, H-IS1001 and ptxP were used to confirm the pertussis diagnosis. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of recovered isolates was performed.Results/Key findings. A total of 1844 children were included in the study. Overall, 306 children (16.6 %) with Bordetella infection were confirmed by qPCR. Among them, 265 (86.6 %) were confirmed as having B. pertussis (IS481+, ptxP+, H-IS1001-), 18 (5.9 %) as having Bordetella parapertussis (IS481-, IS1001+) and 11 (3.6 %) as having Bordetella spp. (IS481+, ptxP-, H-IS1001-). No Bordetella holmesii (IS481+, IS1001-, H-IS1001+) was identified. The estimated pertussis incidence in the Tunis area was 134/100 000 in children aged less than 5 years. Two epidemic peaks were observed in 2009 and 2014. Ten B. pertussis isolates were cultured and characterized. Deficiency in pertactin expression was not observed, and genotyping of the isolates revealed a predominant allelic profile: ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2-fim2-1-fim3-2. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that pertussis is still present as a cyclical disease in Tunisia, despite high primo-vaccination coverage with a pertussis whole-cell vaccine. The predominant genotype of Tunisian B. pertussis isolates is similar to isolates circulating in countries using the acellular vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ben Fraj
- 1University of Tunis El Manar, Children's Hospital of Tunis, Laboratory of Microbiology, UR12ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Kechrid
- 1University of Tunis El Manar, Children's Hospital of Tunis, Laboratory of Microbiology, UR12ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sophie Guillot
- 2Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- 3National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bouchez
- 2Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- 3National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- 2Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- 3National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Guiso
- 3National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hanen Smaoui
- 1University of Tunis El Manar, Children's Hospital of Tunis, Laboratory of Microbiology, UR12ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
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Lesne E, Coutte L, Solans L, Slupek S, Debrie AS, Dhennin V, Froguel P, Hot D, Locht C, Antoine R, Jacob-Dubuisson F. Distinct virulence ranges for infection of mice by Bordetella pertussis revealed by engineering of the sensor-kinase BvgS. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204861. [PMID: 30307950 PMCID: PMC6181320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis coordinately regulates the expression of its virulence factors with the two-component system BvgAS. In laboratory conditions, specific chemical modulators are used to trigger phenotypic modulation of B. pertussis from its default virulent Bvg+ phase to avirulent Bvg- or intermediate Bvgi phases, in which no virulence factors or only a subset of them are produced, respectively. Whether phenotypic modulation occurs in the host remains unknown. In this work, recombinant B. pertussis strains harboring BvgS variants were tested in a mouse model of infection and analyzed using transcriptomic approaches. Recombinant BP-BvgΔ65, which is in the Bvgi phase by default and can be up-modulated to the Bvg+ phase in vitro, could colonize the mouse nose but was rapidly cleared from the lungs, while Bvg+-phase strains colonized both organs for up to four weeks. These results indicated that phenotypic modulation, which might have restored the full virulence capability of BP-BvgΔ65, does not occur in mice or is temporally or spatially restricted and has no effect in those conditions. Transcriptomic analyses of this and other recombinant Bvgi and Bvg+-phase strains revealed that two distinct ranges of virulence gene expression allow colonization of the mouse nose and lungs, respectively. We also showed that a recombinant strain expressing moderately lower levels of the virulence genes than its wild type parent was as efficient at colonizing both organs. Altogether, genetic modifications of BvgS generate a range of phenotypic phases, which are useful tools to decipher host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lesne
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Loic Coutte
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Luis Solans
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stephanie Slupek
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Debrie
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Dhennin
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rudy Antoine
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (RA); (FJD)
| | - Françoise Jacob-Dubuisson
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (RA); (FJD)
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ESPOSITO S. Prevention of pertussis: from clinical trials to Real World Evidence. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2018; 59:E177-E186. [PMID: 30397673 PMCID: PMC6196371 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2018.59.3.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis, a highly contagious infective disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, was in the past very common among newborns and children, causing significant medical, social and economic issues burden, also due to frequent need of hospitalization and high mortality. Following the introduction of vaccines against pertussis, the burden of the disease dramatically decreased, although nowadays, this disease it is still the most widespread among the vaccine preventable ones. First vaccine formulations were composed with whole cell antigen of Bordetella pertussis and were followed by formulations with acellular antigens (PT, FHA, PRN, FIM), that showed to have similar efficacy and less reactogenicity. In particular, all the acellular vaccines, regardless the number of antigenic component included, demonstrated good immunogenicity in clinical trials and high effectiveness in real world evidence studies. Nevertheless, in the recent years it has been notified an increasing number of cases of pertussis. The most recent evidence demonstrated that for an effective control and prevention of pertussis it is necessary to strengthen vaccination coverage among the whole population, providing primary vaccination to newborns and booster in infancy, adolescence and adulthood every 10 years. Finally, vaccination of women at the third trimester of every pregnancy is the most effective intervention to protect the newborn from pertussis in his first months of life, before developing a protective response after the primary vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. ESPOSITO
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
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40
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Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. However, after the introduction of the whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP), the annual incidence rates of the disease progressively declined. Despite this result, the inclusion of wP in the national immunization schedule of infants and young children was debated regarding its safety. Several efforts to produce vaccines based on B. pertussis components capable of evoking protective immunity with no or limited adverse events were made. Of these others, five pertussis antigens were considered possible components of acellular vaccines (aPs): pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN) and fimbria proteins 2 and 3. However, the introduction of aPs was followed by a slight but progressive increase in the incidence of pertussis. This paper discusses the potential reasons for reduced aPs efficacy. Moreover, it attempts to evaluate the real effectiveness of aPs and the potential differences between available preparations. Data analysis showed that several boosters are needed to maintain protection against pertussis and additional studies are needed to confirm the antigens that should be included in aPs to improve the prevention of pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- a Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Nicola Principi
- b Università degli Studi di Milano, on behalf of the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid)
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Suzuki K, Shinzawa N, Ishigaki K, Nakamura K, Abe H, Fukui-Miyazaki A, Ikuta K, Horiguchi Y. Protective effects of in vivo-expressed autotransporters against Bordetella pertussis infection. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 61:371-379. [PMID: 28752940 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, a severe and prolonged respiratory disease that results inhas high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. The number incidence of whooping cough cases is increasing in many countries despite high vaccine coverage. Causes for the re-emergence of the disease include the limited duration of protection conferred by the acellular pertussis vaccines (aP)s and pathogenic adaptations that involve antigenic divergence from vaccine strains. Therefore, current vaccines therefore need to be improved. In the present study, we focused on five autotransporters: namely SphB1, BatB, SphB2, Phg, and Vag8, which were previously found to be expressed by B. bronchiseptica during the course of infection in rats and examined their protective efficiencies as vaccine antigens. The passenger domains of these proteins were produced in recombinant forms and used as antigens. An intranasal murine challenge assay showed that immunization with a mixture of SphB1 and Vag8 (SV) significantly reduced bacterial load in the lower respiratory tract and a combination of aP and SV acts synergistically in effects of conferring protection against B. pertussis infection, implying that these antigens have potential as components to for improvinge th the currently available acellular pertussis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoaki Shinzawa
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishigaki
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aya Fukui-Miyazaki
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Amman F, D'Halluin A, Antoine R, Huot L, Bibova I, Keidel K, Slupek S, Bouquet P, Coutte L, Caboche S, Locht C, Vecerek B, Hot D. Primary transcriptome analysis reveals importance of IS elements for the shaping of the transcriptional landscape of Bordetella pertussis. RNA Biol 2018; 15:967-975. [PMID: 29683387 PMCID: PMC6161684 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1462655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a respiratory disease still considered as a major public health threat and for which recent re-emergence has been observed. Constant reshuffling of Bordetella pertussis genome organization was observed during evolution. These rearrangements are essentially mediated by Insertion Sequences (IS), a mobile genetic elements present in more than 230 copies in the genome, which are supposed to be one of the driving forces enabling the pathogen to escape from vaccine-induced immunity. Here we use high-throughput sequencing approaches (RNA-seq and differential RNA-seq), to decipher Bordetella pertussis transcriptome characteristics and to evaluate the impact of IS elements on transcriptome architecture. Transcriptional organization was determined by identification of transcription start sites and revealed also a large variety of non-coding RNAs including sRNAs, leaderless mRNAs or long 3' and 5'UTR including seven riboswitches. Unusual topological organizations, such as overlapping 5'- or 3'-extremities between oppositely orientated mRNA were also unveiled. The pivotal role of IS elements in the transcriptome architecture and their effect on the transcription of neighboring genes was examined. This effect is mediated by the introduction of IS harbored promoters or by emergence of hybrid promoters. This study revealed that in addition to their impact on genome rearrangements, most of the IS also impact on the expression of their flanking genes. Furthermore, the transcripts produced by IS are strain-specific due to the strain to strain variation in IS copy number and genomic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Amman
- University of Vienna, Theoretical Biochemistry Group, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandre D'Halluin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rudy Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Huot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ilona Bibova
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR; Laboratory of post-transcriptional control of gene expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Keidel
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR; Laboratory of post-transcriptional control of gene expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stéphanie Slupek
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Peggy Bouquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Loïc Coutte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ségolène Caboche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Branislav Vecerek
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR; Laboratory of post-transcriptional control of gene expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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Zomer A, Otsuka N, Hiramatsu Y, Kamachi K, Nishimura N, Ozaki T, Poolman J, Geurtsen J. Bordetella pertussis population dynamics and phylogeny in Japan after adoption of acellular pertussis vaccines. Microb Genom 2018; 4. [PMID: 29771235 PMCID: PMC5994715 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, has experienced a resurgence in the past 15 years, despite the existence of both whole-cell and acellular vaccines. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing analysis of 149 clinical strains, provided by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan, isolated in 1982–2014, after Japan became the first country to adopt acellular vaccines against B. pertussis. Additionally, we sequenced 39 strains provided by the Konan Kosei Hospital in Aichi prefecture, Japan, isolated in 2008–2013. The genome sequences afforded insight into B. pertussis genome variability and population dynamics in Japan, and revealed that the B. pertussis population in Japan was characterized by two major clades that divided more than 40 years ago. The pertactin gene was disrupted in about 20 % of the 149 NIID isolates, by either a deletion within the signal sequence (ΔSS) or the insertion of IS element IS481 (prn :: IS481). Phylogeny suggests that the parent clones for these isolates originated in Japan. Divergence dating traced the first generation of the pertactin-deficient mutants in Japan to around 1990, and indicated that strains containing the alternative pertactin allele prn2 may have appeared in Japan around 1974. Molecular clock data suggested that observed fluctuations in B. pertussis population size may have coincided with changes in vaccine usage in the country. The continuing failure to eradicate the disease warrants an exploration of novel vaccine compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldert Zomer
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nao Otsuka
- 2Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hiramatsu
- 2Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan.,†Present address: Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kamachi
- 2Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Nishimura
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Konan Kosei Hospital, Takaya-cho, Konan, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Ozaki
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Konan Kosei Hospital, Takaya-cho, Konan, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jan Poolman
- 4Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Geurtsen
- 4Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hiramatsu Y, Miyaji Y, Otsuka N, Arakawa Y, Shibayama K, Kamachi K. Significant Decrease in Pertactin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis Isolates, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:699-701. [PMID: 28322702 PMCID: PMC5367402 DOI: 10.3201/eid2304.161575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of pertactin-lacking Bordetella pertussis isolates has been observed worldwide. In Japan, however, we found that the frequency of pertactin-deficient isolates in 2014–2016 (8%) was significantly lower than the frequency in 2005–2007 (41%), 2008–2010 (35%), and 2011–2013 (25%). This reduction was closely associated with changes in genotypes.
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Hiramatsu Y, Yoshino S, Yamamura Y, Otsuka N, Shibayama K, Watanabe M, Kamachi K. The proline residue at position 319 of BvgS is essential for BvgAS activation in Bordetella pertussis. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:2966470. [PMID: 28158456 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the etiological agent of pertussis and produces various virulence factors, including pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN), most of which are positively regulated by the BvgAS two-component sensory transduction system. Here, we describe a B. pertussis isolate not expressing PT, FHA and PRN recovered from a pertussis patient. Sequencing revealed that the bvgS gene of this isolate contains a spontaneous mutation (C>A at position 955) causing the proline residue at position 319 of the BvgS protein to be substituted by threonine. Moreover, loss of PT, FHA and PRN expression was completely restored by complementation with a wild-type bvgAS locus, indicating that this non-synonymous substitution in bvgS leads to impaired BvgS function. Our findings indicate that the proline residue at position 319 in this protein plays an essential role in activation of the BvgAS system and, therefore, subsequent expression of Bvg-regulated virulence factors in B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hiramatsu
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Shuji Yoshino
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki 880-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki 880-0017, Japan
| | - Nao Otsuka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Mineo Watanabe
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kamachi
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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Dorji D, Mooi F, Yantorno O, Deora R, Graham RM, Mukkur TK. Bordetella Pertussis virulence factors in the continuing evolution of whooping cough vaccines for improved performance. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 207:3-26. [PMID: 29164393 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite high vaccine coverage, whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis remains one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide. Introduction of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in the 1940s and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in 1990s reduced the mortality due to pertussis. Despite induction of both antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses by aP and wP vaccines, there has been resurgence of pertussis in many countries in recent years. Possible reasons hypothesised for resurgence have ranged from incompliance with the recommended vaccination programmes with the currently used aP vaccine to infection with a resurged clinical isolates characterised by mutations in the virulence factors, resulting in antigenic divergence with vaccine strain, and increased production of pertussis toxin, resulting in dampening of immune responses. While use of these vaccines provide varying degrees of protection against whooping cough, protection against infection and transmission appears to be less effective, warranting continuation of efforts in the development of an improved pertussis vaccine formulations capable of achieving this objective. Major approaches currently under evaluation for the development of an improved pertussis vaccine include identification of novel biofilm-associated antigens for incorporation in current aP vaccine formulations, development of live attenuated vaccines and discovery of novel non-toxic adjuvants capable of inducing both antibody and CMI. In this review, the potential roles of different accredited virulence factors, including novel biofilm-associated antigens, of B. pertussis in the evolution, formulation and delivery of improved pertussis vaccines, with potential to block the transmission of whooping cough in the community, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorji Dorji
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Khesar Gyalpo Medical University of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Frits Mooi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ross M Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia
| | - Trilochan K Mukkur
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss recent findings and selected topics of interest in Bordetella pertussis virulence and pathogenesis and treatment of pertussis. It is not intended to cover issues on immune responses to B. pertussis infection or problems with currently used pertussis vaccines. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on the activities of various B. pertussis virulence factors include the immunomodulatory activities of filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae, and adenylate cyclase toxin. Recently emerging B. pertussis strains show evidence of genetic selection for vaccine escape mutants, with changes in vaccine antigen-expressing genes, some of which may have increased the virulence of this pathogen. Severe and fatal pertussis in young infants continues to be a problem, with several studies highlighting predictors of fatality, including the extreme leukocytosis associated with this infection. Treatments for pertussis are extremely limited, though early antibiotic intervention may be beneficial. Neutralizing pertussis toxin activity may be an effective strategy, as well as targeting two host proteins, pendrin and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, as novel potential therapeutic interventions. SUMMARY Pertussis is reemerging as a major public health problem and continued basic research is revealing information on bacterial virulence and disease pathogenesis, as well as potential novel strategies for vaccination and targets for therapeutic intervention.
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The History of Bordetella pertussis Genome Evolution Includes Structural Rearrangement. J Bacteriol 2017; 199:JB.00806-16. [PMID: 28167525 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00806-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite high pertussis vaccine coverage, reported cases of whooping cough (pertussis) have increased over the last decade in the United States and other developed countries. Although Bordetella pertussis is well known for its limited gene sequence variation, recent advances in long-read sequencing technology have begun to reveal genomic structural heterogeneity among otherwise indistinguishable isolates, even within geographically or temporally defined epidemics. We have compared rearrangements among complete genome assemblies from 257 B. pertussis isolates to examine the potential evolution of the chromosomal structure in a pathogen with minimal gene nucleotide sequence diversity. Discrete changes in gene order were identified that differentiated genomes from vaccine reference strains and clinical isolates of various genotypes, frequently along phylogenetic boundaries defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms. The observed rearrangements were primarily large inversions centered on the replication origin or terminus and flanked by IS481, a mobile genetic element with >240 copies per genome and previously suspected to mediate rearrangements and deletions by homologous recombination. These data illustrate that structural genome evolution in B. pertussis is not limited to reduction but also includes rearrangement. Therefore, although genomes of clinical isolates are structurally diverse, specific changes in gene order are conserved, perhaps due to positive selection, providing novel information for investigating disease resurgence and molecular epidemiology.IMPORTANCE Whooping cough, primarily caused by Bordetella pertussis, has resurged in the United States even though the coverage with pertussis-containing vaccines remains high. The rise in reported cases has included increased disease rates among all vaccinated age groups, provoking questions about the pathogen's evolution. The chromosome of B. pertussis includes a large number of repetitive mobile genetic elements that obstruct genome analysis. However, these mobile elements facilitate large rearrangements that alter the order and orientation of essential protein-encoding genes, which otherwise exhibit little nucleotide sequence diversity. By comparing the complete genome assemblies from 257 isolates, we show that specific rearrangements have been conserved throughout recent evolutionary history, perhaps by eliciting changes in gene expression, which may also provide useful information for molecular epidemiology.
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Short-Read Whole-Genome Sequencing for Laboratory-Based Surveillance of Bordetella pertussis. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:1446-1453. [PMID: 28228490 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02436-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes respiratory infections in humans. Ongoing molecular surveillance of B. pertussis acellular vaccine (aP) antigens is critical for understanding the interaction between evolutionary pressures, disease pathogenesis, and vaccine effectiveness. Methods currently used to characterize aP components are relatively labor-intensive and low throughput. To address this challenge, we sought to derive aP antigen genotypes from minimally processed short-read whole-genome sequencing data generated from 40 clinical B. pertussis isolates and analyzed using the SRST2 bioinformatic package. SRST2 was able to identify aP antigen genotypes for all antigens with the exception of pertactin, possibly due to low read coverage in GC-rich low-complexity regions of variation. Two main genotypes were observed in addition to a singular third genotype that contained an 84-bp deletion that was identified by SRST2 despite the issues in allele calling. This method has the potential to generate large pools of B. pertussis molecular data that can be linked to clinical and epidemiological information to facilitate research of vaccine effectiveness and disease severity in the context of emerging vaccine antigen-deficient strains.
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Sadiasa A, Saito-Obata M, Dapat C. Bordetella pertussis infection in children with severe pneumonia, Philippines, 2012-2015. Vaccine 2017; 35:993-996. [PMID: 28109708 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A case-comparison study was conducted based on an observational study of severe pneumonia among hospitalized children in the Philippines. The children, from 8days to 13years old and hospitalized with clinical diagnosis of severe or very severe pneumonia from August 2012 to February 2015, were recruited. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 1152 cases and B. pertussis were detected from 34 cases by PCR. Pertussis-positive cases were more likely to have no fever, more than one week of coughing and breathing difficulty, decreased breathing sounds, and central cyanosis than pertussis- negative cases. The percentage of underweight was significantly higher in pertussis-positive cases than pertussis-negative cases. Pertussis-positive cases showed remarkably higher fatality rate than pertussis-negative cases. All of the fatal cases among pertussis-positive cases were less than 6months old. More attention should be given to protect young infants from pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sadiasa
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine 17, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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