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Derrick SC, Yang A, Cowley S. Enhanced efficacy of BCG vaccine formulated in adjuvant is dependent on IL-17A expression. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 148:102540. [PMID: 39002310 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
A new, more effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) is urgently needed to curtail the current TB problem. The only licensed vaccine, BCG, has been shown to have highly variable protective efficacy in several clinical trials ranging from zero to 80 % against TB disease. We have previously reported that BCG formulated in dimethyl dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (DDA) with D-(+)-Trehalose 6,6'-Dibehenate (TDB) adjuvant (BCG + Adj) is significantly more protective than BCG alone following murine aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Here we investigate the immunological basis for this improved efficacy by examining expression of different immune markers and cytokines in the lungs of vaccinated mice after M. tuberculosis aerosol challenge. We found significantly greater numbers of pulmonary IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells in mice immunized with BCG+Adj as compared to nonvaccinated and BCG-immunized mice at one-month post-challenge and that the enhanced protection was abrogated in IL-17A-deficient mice. Furthermore, we found significantly higher levels of IL-17A, IL-12p40 and IL-33 expression in the lungs of BCG + Adj immunized animals relative to nonvaccinated mice after M. tuberculosis challenge. These results demonstrate that the DDA/TDB adjuvant increases expression of IL-17A in response to the BCG vaccine and that these augmented IL-17A levels enhance control of M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Derrick
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Amy Yang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Siobhan Cowley
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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2
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Hoseinpour R, Hasani A, Baradaran B, Abdolalizadeh J, Salehi R, Hasani A, Nabizadeh E, Yekani M, Hasani R, Kafil HS, Azizian K, Memar MY. Tuberculosis vaccine developments and efficient delivery systems: A comprehensive appraisal. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26193. [PMID: 38404880 PMCID: PMC10884459 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) continues to be a global burden. Vaccination has been proposed to prevent and treat tuberculosis (TB) infection, and several of them are in different phases of clinical trials. Though vaccine production is in progress but requires more attention. There are several TB vaccines in the trial phase, most of which are based on a combination of proteins/adjuvants or recombinant viral vectors used for selected MTB antigens. In this review, we attempted to discuss different types of TB vaccines based on the vaccine composition, the immune responses generated, and their clinical trial phases. Furthermore, we have briefly overviewed the effective delivery systems used for the TB vaccine and their effectiveness in different vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Hoseinpour
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Laboratory sciences and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research, and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Edris Nabizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Yekani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chopra H, Mohanta YK, Rauta PR, Ahmed R, Mahanta S, Mishra PK, Panda P, Rabaan AA, Alshehri AA, Othman B, Alshahrani MA, Alqahtani AS, AL Basha BA, Dhama K. An Insight into Advances in Developing Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics, Drug Delivery, Diagnostics and Vaccines: Multidimensional Applications in Tuberculosis Disease Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:581. [PMID: 37111338 PMCID: PMC10145450 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest contagious diseases, is a major concern worldwide. Long-term treatment, a high pill burden, limited compliance, and strict administration schedules are all variables that contribute to the development of MDR and XDR tuberculosis patients. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains and a scarcity of anti-TB medications pose a threat to TB control in the future. As a result, a strong and effective system is required to overcome technological limitations and improve the efficacy of therapeutic medications, which is still a huge problem for pharmacological technology. Nanotechnology offers an interesting opportunity for accurate identification of mycobacterial strains and improved medication treatment possibilities for tuberculosis. Nano medicine in tuberculosis is an emerging research field that provides the possibility of efficient medication delivery using nanoparticles and a decrease in drug dosages and adverse effects to boost patient compliance with therapy and recovery. Due to their fascinating characteristics, this strategy is useful in overcoming the abnormalities associated with traditional therapy and leads to some optimization of the therapeutic impact. It also decreases the dosing frequency and eliminates the problem of low compliance. To develop modern diagnosis techniques, upgraded treatment, and possible prevention of tuberculosis, the nanoparticle-based tests have demonstrated considerable advances. The literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier databases only. This article examines the possibility of employing nanotechnology for TB diagnosis, nanotechnology-based medicine delivery systems, and prevention for the successful elimination of TB illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Nanobiotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - Ramzan Ahmed
- Nanobiotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre, Guwahati 781008, Assam, India
| | | | - Paramjot Panda
- School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar 754001, Odisha, India
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Othman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baneen Ali AL Basha
- Laboratory Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Azlyna ASN, Ahmad S, Husna SMN, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A, Norazmi MN, Mohamud R, Kadir R. Review: Liposomes in the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases. Life Sci 2022; 305:120734. [PMID: 35760094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain as one of the major burdens among health communities as well as in the general public despite the advances in prevention and treatment. Although vaccination and vector eliminations have greatly prevented the transmission of these diseases, the effectiveness of these strategies is no longer guaranteed as new challenges such as drug resistance and toxicity as well as the missing effective therapeutics arise. Hence, the development of new tools to manage these challenges is anticipated, in which nano technology using liposomes as effective nanostructure is highly considered. In this review, we concentrate on the advantages of liposomes in the drug delivery system and the development of vaccine in the treatment of three major infectious diseases; tuberculosis (TB), malaria and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ramlah Kadir
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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5
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Okay S, Çetin R, Karabulut F, Doğan C, Sürücüoğlu S, Kızıldoğan AK. Immune responses elicited by the recombinant Erp, HspR, LppX, MmaA4, and OmpA proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2019; 66:219-234. [PMID: 30484328 DOI: 10.1556/030.65.2018.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic potency of the recombinant Erp, HspR, LppX, MmaA4, and OmpA proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), formulated with Montanide ISA 720 VG adjuvant, was evaluated in BALB/c mice for the first time in this study. The five vaccine formulations, adjuvant, and BCG vaccine were subcutaneously injected into mice, and the sera were collected at days 0, 15, 30, 41, and 66. The humoral and cellular immune responses against vaccine formulations were determined by measuring serum IgG and serum interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels, respectively. All formulations significantly increased IgG levels post-vaccination. The highest increase in IFN-γ level was provided by MmaA4 formulation. The Erp, HspR, and LppX formulations were as effective as BCG in enhancement of IFN-γ level. The most efficient vaccine boosting the IL-12 level was HspR formulation, especially at day 66. Erp formulation also increased the IL-12 level more than BCG at days 15 and 30. The IL-12 level boosted by MmaA4 formulation was found to be similar to that by BCG. OmpA formulation was inefficient in enhancement of cellular immune responses. This study showed that MmaA4, HspR, and Erp proteins from MTB are successful in eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Okay
- 1 Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çankiri Karatekin University, Çankiri, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Çetin
- 1 Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çankiri Karatekin University, Çankiri, Turkey
| | - Fatih Karabulut
- 1 Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çankiri Karatekin University, Çankiri, Turkey
| | - Cennet Doğan
- 1 Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çankiri Karatekin University, Çankiri, Turkey
| | - Süheyla Sürücüoğlu
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Kurt Kızıldoğan
- 3 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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6
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BCG constitutively expressing the adenylyl cyclase encoded by Rv2212 increases its immunogenicity and reduces replication of M. tuberculosis in lungs of BALB/c mice. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:19-25. [PMID: 30514503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains as a threat to public health around the world with 1.7 million cases of TB-associated deaths during 2016. Despite the use of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, control of the infection has not been successful. Because of this, several efforts have been made in order to develop new vaccines capable of boosting previous immunization or attempted for replacing current BCG. We previously showed that over expression of the M. tuberculosis adenylyl cyclase encoding gene Rv2212 in BCG bacilli (BCG-Rv2212), induced an attenuated phenotype when administered in BALB/c mice. Moreover, two-dimensional proteomic analysis showed that heat shock proteins such as GroEL2 and DnaK were overexpressed in this BCG-Rv2212. In this report, we show that immunization of mice with BCG-Rv2212 significantly increments IFN-γ+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes after PPD stimulation in comparison with BCG vaccinated mice. Mice vaccinated with BCG-Rv2212 significantly reduced the bacterial load in lungs after four-month post infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv but was similar to BCG after 6 month-post-challenge. Survival experiment showed that both vaccines administered separately in mice induce similar levels of protection after 20-week post-challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Virulence experiments developed in nude mice, showed that BCG-Rv2212 and BCG bacilli were equally safe. Our results suggest that BCG-Rv2212 is capable of stimulating cellular immune response effectively and reduce bacterial burden in lungs of mice after challenge. Particularly, it seems to be more effective in controlling bacterial burden during the first steps of infection.
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7
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Flores-Valdez MA, Pedroza-Roldán C, Aceves-Sánchez MDJ, Peterson EJR, Baliga NS, Hernández-Pando R, Troudt J, Creissen E, Izzo L, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Bickett T, Izzo AA. The BCGΔBCG1419c Vaccine Candidate Reduces Lung Pathology, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 During Chronic TB Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1281. [PMID: 29946316 PMCID: PMC6005825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB), is estimated to be harbored by up to 2 billion people in a latent TB infection (LTBI) state. The only TB vaccine approved for use in humans, BCG, does not confer protection against establishment of or reactivation from LTBI, so new vaccine candidates are needed to specifically address this need. Following the hypothesis that mycobacterial biofilms resemble aspects of LTBI, we modified BCG by deleting the BCG1419c gene to create the BCGΔBCG1419c vaccine strain. In this study, we compared cytokine profiles, bacterial burden, and lung lesions after immunization with BCG or BCGΔBCG1419c before and after 6 months of aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv in the resistant C57BL/6 mouse model. Our results show that in infected mice, BCGΔBCG1419c significantly reduced lung lesions and IL-6 in comparison to the unmodified BCG strain, and was the only vaccine that decreased production of TNF-α and IL-10 compared to non-vaccinated mice, while vaccination with BCG or BCGΔBCG1419c significantly reduced IFN-γ production. Moreover, transcriptome profiling of BCGΔBCG1419c suggests that compared to BCG, it has decreased expression of genes involved in mycolic acids (MAs) metabolism, and antigenic chaperones, which might be involved in reduced pathology compared to BCG-vaccinated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Flores-Valdez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - César Pedroza-Roldán
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Michel de Jesús Aceves-Sánchez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - JoLynn Troudt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth Creissen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Linda Izzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Bickett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Madacki J, Laval F, Grzegorzewicz A, Lemassu A, Záhorszká M, Arand M, McNeil M, Daffé M, Jackson M, Lanéelle MA, Korduláková J. Impact of the epoxide hydrolase EphD on the metabolism of mycolic acids in mycobacteria. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5172-5184. [PMID: 29472294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycolic acids are the hallmark of the cell envelope in mycobacteria, which include the important human pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae Mycolic acids are very long C60-C90 α-alkyl β-hydroxy fatty acids having a variety of functional groups on their hydrocarbon chain that define several mycolate types. Mycobacteria also produce an unusually large number of putative epoxide hydrolases, but the physiological functions of these enzymes are still unclear. Here, we report that the mycobacterial epoxide hydrolase EphD is involved in mycolic acid metabolism. We found that orthologs of EphD from M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis are functional epoxide hydrolases, cleaving a lipophilic substrate, 9,10-cis-epoxystearic acid, in vitro and forming a vicinal diol. The results of EphD overproduction in M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG Δhma strains producing epoxymycolic acids indicated that EphD is involved in the metabolism of these forms of mycolates in both fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria. Moreover, using MALDI-TOF-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy of mycolic acids and lipids isolated from EphD-overproducing M. smegmatis, we identified new oxygenated mycolic acid species that accumulated during epoxymycolate depletion. Disruption of the ephD gene in M. tuberculosis specifically impaired the synthesis of ketomycolates and caused accumulation of their precursor, hydroxymycolate, indicating either direct or indirect involvement of EphD in ketomycolate biosynthesis. Our results clearly indicate that EphD plays a role in metabolism of oxygenated mycolic acids in mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Madacki
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Françoise Laval
- the Tuberculosis & Infection Biology Department, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Anna Grzegorzewicz
- the Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, and
| | - Anne Lemassu
- the Tuberculosis & Infection Biology Department, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Monika Záhorszká
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michael Arand
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael McNeil
- the Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, and
| | - Mamadou Daffé
- the Tuberculosis & Infection Biology Department, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Jackson
- the Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, and
| | - Marie-Antoinette Lanéelle
- the Tuberculosis & Infection Biology Department, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jana Korduláková
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia,
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9
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Speth MT, Repnik U, Griffiths G. Layer-by-layer nanocoating of live Bacille-Calmette-Guérin mycobacteria with poly(I:C) and chitosan enhances pro-inflammatory activation and bactericidal capacity in murine macrophages. Biomaterials 2016; 111:1-12. [PMID: 27716523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major disease burden globally causing more than 1.5 million deaths per year. The attenuated live vaccine strain Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), although providing protection against childhood TB, is largely ineffective against adult pulmonary TB. A major aim therefore is to increase the potency of the BCG vaccine to generate stronger and more sustained immunity against TB. Here, we investigated the use of layer-by-layer (LbL) nanocoating of the surface of live BCG with several layers of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a strong inducer of cell-mediated immunity, and the biodegradable polysaccharide chitosan to enhance BCG immunogenicity. Nanocoating of live BCG did not affect bacterial viability or growth in vitro but induced killing of the BCG in infected mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and enhanced macrophage production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of surface co-stimulatory molecules relative to uncoated BCG. In addition, poly(I:C) surface-coated BCG, but not BCG alone or together with soluble poly(I:C), induced high production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-12. These results argue that BCG and surface absorbed poly(I:C) act in a synergistic manner to elicit pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. In conclusion, nanocoating of live BCG with the immunostimulatory agent poly(I:C) may be an appropriate strategy to enhance and modulate host responses to the BCG vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tobias Speth
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Urska Repnik
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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Induction of Unconventional T Cells by a Mutant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain Formulated in Cationic Liposomes Correlates with Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections of Immunocompromised Mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:638-47. [PMID: 27226281 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00232-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies aimed at defining protective immunity induced by Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunization have largely focused on the induction of antituberculosis CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. Here we describe a vaccine consisting of a BCGΔmmaA4 deletion mutant formulated in dimethyl dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (DDA) with d-(+)-trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) (DDA/TDB) adjuvant (A4/Adj) that protected TCRδ(-/-) mice depleted of CD4(+), CD8(+), and NK1.1(+) T cells against an aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis These mice were significantly protected relative to mice immunized with a nonadjuvanted BCGΔmmaA4 (BCG-A4) mutant and nonvaccinated controls at 2 months and 9 months postvaccination. In the absence of all T cells following treatment with anti-Thy1.2 antibody, the immunized mice lost the ability to control the infection. These results indicate that an unconventional T cell population was mediating protection in the absence of CD4(+), CD8(+), NK1.1(+), and TCRγδ T cells and could exhibit memory. Focusing on CD4(-) CD8(-) double-negative (DN) T cells, we found that these cells accumulated in the lungs postchallenge significantly more in A4/Adj-immunized mice and induced significantly greater frequencies of pulmonary gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing cells than were seen in the nonvaccinated or nonadjuvanted BCG control groups. Moreover, pulmonary DN T cells from the A4/Adj group exhibited significantly higher IFN-γ integrated median fluorescence intensity (iMFI) values than were seen in the control groups. We also showed that enriched DN T cells from mice immunized with A4/Adj could control mycobacterial growth in vitro significantly better than naive whole-spleen cells. These results suggest that formulating BCG in DDA/TDB adjuvant confers superior protection in immunocompromised mice and likely involves the induction of long-lived memory DN T cells.
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11
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Agger EM. Novel adjuvant formulations for delivery of anti-tuberculosis vaccine candidates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:73-82. [PMID: 26596558 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a new and improved vaccine against tuberculosis for controlling this disease that continues to pose a global health threat. The current research strategy is to replace the present BCG vaccine or boost BCG-immunity with subunit vaccines such as viral vectored- or protein-based vaccines. The use of recombinant proteins holds a number of production advantages including ease of scalability, but requires an adjuvant inducing cell-mediated immune responses. A number of promising novel adjuvant formulations have recently been designed and show evidence of induction of cellular immune responses in humans. A common trait of effective TB adjuvants including those already in current clinical testing is a two-component approach combining a delivery system with an appropriate immunomodulator. This review summarizes the status of current TB adjuvant research with a focus on the division of labor between delivery systems and immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Marie Agger
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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12
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Ng TW, Saavedra-Ávila NA, Kennedy SC, Carreño LJ, Porcelli SA. Current efforts and future prospects in the development of live mycobacteria as vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1493-507. [PMID: 26366616 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1089175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of more effective vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major goal in the effort to reduce the enormous global burden of disease caused by this pathogen. Whole-cell vaccines based on live mycobacteria with attenuated virulence represent an appealing approach, providing broad antigen exposure and intrinsic adjuvant properties to prime durable immune responses. However, designing vaccine strains with an optimal balance between attenuation and immunogenicity has proven to be extremely challenging. Recent basic and clinical research efforts have broadened our understanding of Mtb pathogenesis and created numerous new vaccine candidates that have been designed to overcome different aspects of immune evasion by Mtb. In this review, we provide an overview of the current efforts to create improved vaccines against tuberculosis based on modifications of live attenuated mycobacteria. In addition, we discuss the use of such vaccine strains as vectors for stimulating protective immunity against other infectious diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony W Ng
- a 1 Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Microbiology & Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noemí A Saavedra-Ávila
- a 1 Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Microbiology & Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C Kennedy
- a 1 Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Microbiology & Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- a 1 Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Microbiology & Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,b 2 Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- a 1 Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Microbiology & Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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13
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Derrick SC, Yang A, Parra M, Kolibab K, Morris SL. Effect of cationic liposomes on BCG trafficking and vaccine-induced immune responses following a subcutaneous immunization in mice. Vaccine 2014; 33:126-32. [PMID: 25448108 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
While formulating Mycobacterium bovis BCG in lipid-based adjuvants has been shown to increase the vaccine's protective immunity, the biological mechanisms responsible for the enhanced potency of lipid encapsulated BCG are unknown. To assess whether mixing BCG in adjuvant increases its immunogenicity by altering post-vaccination organ distribution and persistence, mice were immunized subcutaneously with conventional BCG Pasteur or BCG formulated in DDA/TDB adjuvant and the bio-distribution of BCG bacilli was evaluated in mouse lungs, spleens, lymph nodes, and livers for up to 1 year. Although BCG was rarely detected in mouse livers, mycobacteria were found in mouse lungs, spleens, and lymph nodes for at least 1 year post-vaccination. However, at various time points during the 1 year study, the frequency of lung and spleen infections and the number of mycobacteria in infected organs of individual mice were highly variable. In contrast, mycobacteria were nearly always detected in the lymph nodes of vaccinated mice. While the frequency and extent of lymph node infections generally were not significantly different between mice vaccinated with adjuvanted or nonadjuvanted BCG preparations, multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of lymph node cells showed significantly higher frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IFN-γ and IFN-γ/TNF-α in mice immunized with adjuvanted BCG. Overall, our data suggest that the relationship between lymph node infection and the generation of anti-tuberculosis protective responses following BCG vaccination should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Derrick
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Amy Yang
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Marcela Parra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Kristopher Kolibab
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Sheldon L Morris
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
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14
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Garg NK, Dwivedi P, Jain A, Tyagi S, Sahu T, Tyagi RK. Development of novel carrier(s) mediated tuberculosis vaccine: more than a tour de force. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:227-242. [PMID: 24909731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite worldwide availability of the vaccines against most of the infectious diseases, BCG and various programs such as Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) to prevent tuberculosis still remains one of the most deadly forms of the disease affecting millions of people globally. The evolution of multi drug resistant strains (MDR) has increased the complexity further. Although currently available marketed BCG vaccine has shown sufficient protection against childhood tuberculosis, it has failed to prevent the most common form of disease i.e., pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. However, various vaccine candidates have already entered phase I clinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. The most prominent amongst them is the heterologous prime-boost approach, which shows a great promise towards designing and development of a new efficacious tuberculosis vaccine. It has also been shown that the use of various viral and non-viral vectors as carriers for the potential vaccine candidates will further boost their effect on subsequent immunization. In this review, we briefly summarize the potential of a few novel nano-carriers for developing effective vaccination strategies against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K Garg
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, 160 014 Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar 470 003, MP, India.
| | - Priya Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, TRS College, Rewa 486001, MP, India
| | - Ashay Jain
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, 160 014 Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar 470 003, MP, India
| | - Shikha Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, UP Technical University, UP, India
| | - Tejram Sahu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, TW3/3W15, 12735 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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15
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Intranasal administration of Mycobacterium bovis BCG induces superior protection against aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1443-51. [PMID: 25143340 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00394-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), TB remains a global epidemic. To assess whether more direct targeting of the lung mucosa by respiratory immunization would enhance the potency and longevity of BCG-induced anti-TB protective immunity, the long-term impact of intranasal (i.n.) BCG vaccination was compared to conventional subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization by using a mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis. Although significantly improved protection in the lung was seen at early time points (2 and 4 months postvaccination) in i.n. BCG-immunized mice, no differences in pulmonary protection were seen 8 and 10 months postvaccination. In contrast, in all of the study periods, i.n. BCG vaccination induced significantly elevated protective splenic responses relative to s.c. immunization. At five of nine time points, we observed a splenic protective response exceeding 1.9 log10 protection relative to the s.c. route. Furthermore, higher frequencies of CD4 T cells expressing gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IFN-γ/tumor necrosis factor alpha, as well as CD8 T cells expressing IFN-γ, were detected in the spleens of i.n. vaccinated mice. Using PCR arrays, significantly elevated levels of IFN-γ, interleukin-9 (IL-9), IL-11, and IL-21 expression were also seen in the spleen at 8 months after respiratory BCG immunization. Overall, while i.n. BCG vaccination provided short-term enhancement of protection in the lung relative to s.c. immunization, potent and extremely persistent splenic protective responses were seen for at least 10 months following respiratory immunization.
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Time to detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the MGIT 320 system correlates with colony counting in preclinical testing of new vaccines. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 21:453-5. [PMID: 24371256 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00742-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have suggested that the enumeration of mycobacteria by using automated liquid systems is a faster and simpler alternative to quantitative cultures. Here, we show that the time to detection of M. tuberculosis growth as measured with the MGIT 320 liquid culture system inversely correlates with CFU determinations from culture on solid media and that mycobacterial quantification using the MGIT system is faster and easier to perform than CFU plating.
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Cayabyab MJ, Macovei L, Campos-Neto A. Current and novel approaches to vaccine development against tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:154. [PMID: 23230563 PMCID: PMC3515764 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics and vaccines are the two most successful medical countermeasures that humans have created against a number of pathogens. However a select few e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) have evaded eradication by vaccines and therapeutic approaches. TB is a global public health problem that kills 1.4 million people per year. The past decade has seen significant progress in developing new vaccine candidates, but the most fundamental questions in understanding disease progression and protective host responses that are responsible for controlling Mtb infection still remain poorly resolved. Current TB treatment requires intense chemotherapy with several antimicrobials, while the only approved vaccine is the classical viable whole-cell based Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) that protects children from severe forms of TB, but fails to protect adults. Taken together, there is a growing need to conduct basic and applied research to develop novel vaccine strategies against TB. This review is focused on the discussion surrounding current strategies and innovations being explored to discover new protective antigens, adjuvants, and delivery systems in the hopes of creating an efficacious TB vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Cayabyab
- Forsyth Institute Cambridge, MA, USA ; Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston, MA, USA
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