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Al-Amer OM, Mir R, Hamadi A, Alasseiri MI, Altayar MA, AlZamzami W, Moawadh M, Alatawi S, Niaz HA, Oyouni AAA, Alzahrani OR, Alatwi HE, Albalawi AE, Alsharif KF, Albrakati A, Hawsawi YM. Antiapoptotic Gene Genotype and Allele Variations and the Risk of Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041012. [PMID: 36831357 PMCID: PMC9954290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The findings of earlier investigations of antiapoptotic gene genotypes and allele variants on lymphoma risk are ambiguous. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the mutation in the antiapoptotic genes and lymphoma risk among Saudi patients. METHODS This case-control study included 205 patients, 100 of whom had lymphoma (cases) and 105 who were healthy volunteers (controls). We used tetra amplification refractory mutation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify antiapoptotic genes such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2-938 C > A), MCL1-rs9803935 T > G, and survivin (BIRC5-rs17882312 G > C and BIRC5-rs9904341 G > C). Allelic-specific PCR was used to identify alleles such as BIRC5-C, MCL1-G, and BIRC5-G. RESULTS The dominant inheritance model among cases showed that mutations in all four antiapoptotic genes were more likely to be associated with the risk of lymphoma by the odds of 2.0-, 1.98-, 3.90-, and 3.29-fold, respectively, compared to controls. Apart from the BCL-2-A allele, all three specified alleles were more likely to be associated with lymphoma by the odds of 2.04-, 1.65-, and 2.11-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION Unlike healthy individuals, lymphoma patients are more likely to have antiapoptotic gene genotypes and allele variants, apart from BCL-2-A alterations. In the future, these findings could be used to classify and identify patients at risk of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. Al-Amer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hamadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I. Alasseiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik A. Altayar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem AlZamzami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh Moawadh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sael Alatawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Niaz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman R. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E. Alatwi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah E. Albalawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef M. Hawsawi
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia
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Polymorphism of Baculoviral Inhibitor of Apoptosis Repeat-Containing 5 (BIRC5) Can Be Associated with Clinical Outcome of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060956. [PMID: 35326407 PMCID: PMC8946487 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises about 85% of all lung cancers. Currently, NSCLC therapy is based on the analysis of specific predictors, whose presence qualifies patients for appropriate treatment. Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5), also known as “survivin”, is a protein whose expression is characteristic for most malignant tumors and fetal tissue, while absent in mature cells. The biological role of BIRC5 is to counteract apoptosis by inhibiting the initiating and effector activities of caspases and binding to microtubules of the mitotic spindle. In our study, we looked for a relationship between BIRC5 gene polymorphism and the effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy. The study group consisted of 104 patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. DNA was isolated from pretreatment blood samples, and SNPs of BIRC5 gene were analyzed. All patients received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Univariate analysis showed that a specific BIRC5 genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of early progression (homozygous GG vs. heterozygous CG or CC: 28.9% vs. 11.9%). The presence of a homozygous GG genotype of the BIRC5 gene was insignificantly related to PFS shortening and TTP shortening. Moreover, significantly higher risk of overall survival shortening was associated with the BIRC5 homozygous GG genotype. Thus, studies on polymorphisms of selected genes affecting apoptosis may have a practical benefit for clinicians who monitor and treat NSCLC.
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Risk Factors for Short-Term Lung Cancer Survival. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030519. [PMID: 33535673 PMCID: PMC7867142 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is typically diagnosed in an advanced phase of its natural history. Explanatory models based on epidemiological and clinical variables provide an approximation of patient survival less than one year using information extracted from the case history only, whereas models involving therapeutic variables must confirm that any treatment applied is worse than surgery in survival terms. Models for classifying less than one year survival for patients diagnosed with lung cancer which are able to identify risk factors and quantify their effect for prognosis are analyzed. Method: Two stepwise binary logistic regression models, based on a retrospective study of 521 cases of patients diagnosed with lung cancer in the Interventional Pneumology Unit at the Hospital “Virgen de las Nieves”, Granada, Spain. Results: The first model included variables age, history of pulmonary neoplasm, tumor location, dyspnea, dysphonia, and chest pain. The independent risk factors age greater than 70 years, a peripheral location, dyspnea and dysphonia were significant. For the second model, treatments were also significant. Conclusions: Age, history of pulmonary neoplasm, tumor location, dyspnea, dysphonia, and chest pain are predictors for survival in patients diagnosed with lung cancer at the time of diagnosis. The treatment applied is significant for classifying less than one year survival time which confirms that any treatment is markedly inferior to surgery in terms of survival. This allows to consider applications of more or less aggressive treatments, anticipation of palliative cares or comfort measures, inclusion in clinical trials, etc.
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Expression and clinical correlation of Survivin and PTEN in gastric cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:297. [PMID: 33101491 PMCID: PMC7576991 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports on the correlation between the expression of Survivin/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) proteins and clinical factors in gastric cancer (GC) are varied, and the sample sizes were also not sufficient. The present study aimed to detect the expression of Survivin and PTEN proteins in GC patients on the basis of a greater number of specimens and to analyze the correlation with clinical features and survival. The results revealed that the Survivin expression rates in GC, normal tissues and metastatic lymph nodes were 72% (232/322), 5% (6/120) and 80% (36/45), respectively, while the PTEN expression rates were 34% (109/322), 92.5% (111/120) and 24.4% (11/45), respectively, and the differences between cancer and normal tissue or metastatic lymph nodes were significant for both proteins (P<0.05). The expression of Survivin was significantly associated with gross type, depth of invasion, distant metastasis, tumor, necrosis and metastasis (TNM) stage and vascular invasion, while PTEN expression was predominantly associated with age, tumor size, invasion depth, TNM stage and lymphatic invasion in GC patients (P<0.05). The expression of both was associated with postoperative metastasis and metastatic site (P=0.007 and P=0.011 for Survivin, and P=0.002 and P=0.005 for PTEN). There was a negative association between the expression levels of Survivin and PTEN (P=0.001, r=−0.524). The expression levels of both were also associated with prognosis. The expression of Survivin and PTEN protein exhibit opposing trends in GC, which may indicate adverse biological effects in the occurrence of GC. The Survivin and PTEN expression levels are likely to be an important molecular event in gastric tumorigenesis and may be considered as molecular markers of GC progression and reliable prognostic indicators of GC.
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5
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Sebastian M, Schröder A, Scheel B, Hong HS, Muth A, von Boehmer L, Zippelius A, Mayer F, Reck M, Atanackovic D, Thomas M, Schneller F, Stöhlmacher J, Bernhard H, Gröschel A, Lander T, Probst J, Strack T, Wiegand V, Gnad-Vogt U, Kallen KJ, Hoerr I, von der Muelbe F, Fotin-Mleczek M, Knuth A, Koch SD. A phase I/IIa study of the mRNA-based cancer immunotherapy CV9201 in patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:799-812. [PMID: 30770959 PMCID: PMC11028316 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CV9201 is an RNActive®-based cancer immunotherapy encoding five non-small cell lung cancer-antigens: New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1, melanoma antigen family C1/C2, survivin, and trophoblast glycoprotein. In a phase I/IIa dose-escalation trial, 46 patients with locally advanced (n = 7) or metastatic (n = 39) NSCLC and at least stable disease after first-line treatment received five intradermal CV9201 injections (400-1600 µg of mRNA). The primary objective of the trial was to assess safety. Secondary objectives included assessment of antibody and ex vivo T cell responses against the five antigens, and changes in immune cell populations. All CV9201 dose levels were well-tolerated and the recommended dose for phase IIa was 1600 µg. Most AEs were mild-to-moderate injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms. Three (7%) patients had grade 3 related AEs. No related grade 4/5 or related serious AEs occurred. In phase IIa, antigen-specific immune responses against ≥ 1 antigen were detected in 63% of evaluable patients after treatment. The frequency of activated IgD+CD38hi B cells increased > twofold in 18/30 (60%) evaluable patients. 9/29 (31%) evaluable patients in phase IIa had stable disease and 20/29 (69%) had progressive disease. Median progression-free and overall survival were 5.0 months (95% CI 1.8-6.3) and 10.8 months (8.1-16.7) from first administration, respectively. Two- and 3-year survival rates were 26.7% and 20.7%, respectively. CV9201 was well-tolerated and immune responses could be detected after treatment supporting further clinical investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Injection Site Reaction/etiology
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/therapeutic use
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sebastian
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
- Medizinische Klinik II, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Rheumatologie, Infektiologie, HIV Klinikum der J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | | | - Henoch S Hong
- CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
- Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Lotta von Boehmer
- Klinik für Onkologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Klinik für Onkologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Mayer
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Praxis und Tagesklinik, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Reck
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael Thomas
- Internistische Onkologie der Thoraxtumoren, Thoraxklinik im Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan Stöhlmacher
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Tumorgenetik Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Gröschel
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Clemenshospital, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Probst
- CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
- Sandoz GmbH, Langkampfen, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Karl-Josef Kallen
- CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
- Kallen Medical Innovation GmbH, Frechen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Knuth
- Klinik für Onkologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research NCCCR, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sven D Koch
- CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Clinical Bioanalytics, Oberhaching, Germany
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Moazeni-Roodi A, Ghavami S, Hashemi M. Survivin rs9904341 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of cancer: evidence from an updated meta-analysis of case-control studies. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:335-349. [PMID: 30747314 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Survivin, a member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Several studies inspected the association between survivin polymorphisms and the risk of various cancers, but the findings remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis intending to certify the association between survivin polymorphisms and cancer risk. METHODS All analyses were achieved using RevMan 5.3 software and STATA 14.1 software. Eligible studies were collected by comprehensive literature searching Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases. Pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the overall impact of survivin polymorphisms on cancer risk. RESULTS The overall analysis indicates that survivin rs9904341 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of cancer in homozygous codominant (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.19-1.68, p = 0.0001, CC vs GG), dominant (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.40, p = 0.003, CG+CC vs GG), recessive (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.18-1.52, p < 0.0001, CC vs CG+GG), and allele (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.31, p = 0.0001, C vs G) inheritance models tested. Stratified based on ethnicity revealed that rs9904341 variant significantly increased the risk of cancer in the Asian population. The findings did not support an association between rs1042489, rs2071214, rs8073069, and rs17878467 polymorphisms and risk of cancer. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that the survivin rs9904341 polymorphism may be associated with the risk of cancer either overall or in the Asian population. However, further larger and well-designed studies are warranted to evaluate this association in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Genetics of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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Menyhárt O, Nagy Á, Győrffy B. Determining consistent prognostic biomarkers of overall survival and vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181006. [PMID: 30662724 PMCID: PMC6304123 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Potential prognostic biomarker candidates for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are abundant, but their generalizability is unexplored. We cross-validated markers of overall survival (OS) and vascular invasion in independent datasets. Methods: The literature search yielded 318 genes related to survival and 52 related to vascular invasion. Validation was performed in three datasets (RNA-seq, n = 371; Affymetrix arrays, n = 91; Illumina gene chips, n = 135) by uni- and multivariate Cox regression and Mann-Whitney U-test, separately for Asian and Caucasian patients. Results: One hundred and eighty biomarkers remained significant in Asian and 128 in Caucasian subjects at p < 0.05. After multiple testing correction BIRC5 (p = 1.9 × 10-10), CDC20 (p = 2.5 × 10-9) and PLK1 (p = 3 × 10-9) endured as best performing genes in Asian patients; however, none remained significant in the Caucasian cohort. In a multivariate analysis, significance was reached by stage (p = 0.0018) and expression of CENPH (p = 0.0038) and CDK4 (p = 0.038). KIF18A was the only gene predicting vascular invasion in the Affymetrix and Illumina cohorts (p = 0.003 and p = 0.025, respectively). Conclusion: Overall, about half of biomarker candidates failed to retain prognostic value and none were better than stage predicting OS. Impact: Our results help to eliminate biomarkers with limited capability to predict OS and/or vascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nagy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Author for correspondence: Balázs Győrffy e-mail:
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Rauch A, Carlstedt A, Emmerich C, Mustafa AHM, Göder A, Knauer SK, Linnebacher M, Heinzel T, Krämer OH. Survivin antagonizes chemotherapy-induced cell death of colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27835-27850. [PMID: 29963241 PMCID: PMC6021236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) and oxaliplatin (L-OHP) are among the most frequently used drugs against colorectal tumors. Therefore, it is important to define the molecular mechanisms that these agents modulate in colon cancer cells. Here we demonstrate that CPT-11 stalls such cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, induces an accumulation of the tumor suppressor p53, the replicative stress/DNA damage marker γH2AX, phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinases ATM and ATR, and an ATR-dependent accumulation of the pro-survival molecule survivin. L-OHP reduces the number of cells in S-phase, stalls cell cycle progression, transiently triggers an accumulation of low levels of γH2AX and phosphorylated checkpoint kinases, and L-OHP suppresses survivin expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Compared to CPT-11, L-OHP is a stronger inducer of caspases and p53-dependent apoptosis. Overexpression and RNAi against survivin reveal that this factor critically antagonizes caspase-dependent apoptosis in cells treated with CPT-11 and L-OHP. We additionally show that L-OHP suppresses survivin through p53 and its downstream target p21, which stalls cell cycle progression as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKi). These data shed new light on the regulation of survivin by two clinically significant drugs and its biological and predictive relevance in drug-exposed cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Rauch
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Annemarie Carlstedt
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Emmerich
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Al-Hassan M Mustafa
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Göder
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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9
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He X, Yang K, Wang H, Chen X, Wu H, Yao L, Ma S. Expression and clinical significance of survivin in ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194463. [PMID: 29795564 PMCID: PMC5993116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the clinicopathological significance of survivin in ovarian carcinoma through this meta-analysis. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies published through September, 2017. Included studies reported the case-control study of surviving expression with ovarian cancer and its clinicopathological characteristics. The quality assessment was performed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for quality assessment of case–control studies. Statistical analysis was performed with the software Stata 12.0. Twelve eligible studies with a total of 1097 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Survivin overexpression was closely related to FIGO stage (I-II vs. III-IV) of ovarian carcinoma (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26,95% confidence interval [CI]:0.16,0.42),P<0.00001),tumor grade (G1-G2 vs. G3) (OR = 0.29,95%CI(0.17, 0.51),P <0.0001), but was not significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis (OR = 1.53, 95%CI(0.77, 3.03, P = 0.23),ascites (OR = 0.89,95%CI(0.39,2.05),P = 0.79). Our meta-analysis shows that survivin is strongly associated with FIGO stage and tumor grade of ovarian carcinoma. Maybe survivin is a novel clinicopathological marker of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- The Institute of Clinical Study and Evidence Based Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center and Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huifang Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liang Yao
- The Institute of Clinical Study and Evidence Based Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center and Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shouye Ma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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10
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Wei YT, Luo YZ, Feng ZQ, Huang QX, Mo AS, Mo SX. TK1 overexpression is associated with the poor outcomes of lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2018; 12:403-413. [PMID: 29575921 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to unveil the effect of TK1 expression on the clinicopathological significance and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. Results & methodology: Studies for meta-analysis were selected according to a thorough literature search in databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Chinese databases). Ten studies containing 1393 lung cancer patients were investigated in our analysis. The TK1 overexpression was associated with poorer overall survival(OS) in lung cancer patients (hazard ratio = 1.881; 95% CI:1.318-2.684, Z = 3.48; p = 0.001). Furthermore, The TK1 expression is associated with the clinicopathological features of lung cancer patients (tumor type, age, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor, node, metastasis [TNM] stages). Discussion & conclusion: The TK1 expression might have a supportive implication in assessing biological behavior and prognosis of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tong Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhong Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Qiang-Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - An-Sheng Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Shao-Xiong Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning 530023, PR China
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11
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Khan Z, Khan AA, Yadav H, Prasad GBKS, Bisen PS. Survivin, a molecular target for therapeutic interventions in squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:8. [PMID: 28536639 PMCID: PMC5415770 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer worldwide. The treatment of locally advanced disease generally requires various combinations of radiotherapy, surgery, and systemic therapy. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, most of the patients relapse. Identification of molecules that sustain cancer cell growth and survival has made molecular targeting a feasible therapeutic strategy. Survivin is a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family, which is overexpressed in most of the malignancies including SCC and totally absent in most of the normal tissues. This feature makes survivin an ideal target for cancer therapy. It orchestrates several important mechanisms to support cancer cell survival including inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell division. Overexpression of survivin in tumors is also associated with poor prognosis, aggressive tumor behavior, resistance to therapy, and high tumor recurrence. Various strategies have been developed to target survivin expression in cancer cells, and their effects on apoptosis induction and tumor growth attenuation have been demonstrated. In this review, we discuss recent advances in therapeutic potential of survivin in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Khan
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474001 MP India.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hariom Yadav
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | | | - Prakash Singh Bisen
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474001 MP India
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12
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Xia H, Shen J, Chen S, Huang H, Xu Y, Ma H. Overexpression of VEGF-C correlates with a poor prognosis in esophageal cancer patients. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:165-70. [PMID: 27540974 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the association of VEGF-C with survival in EC patients. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis that included eligible studies to expound the effect of VEGF-C in EC survival. Eligible studies published until November 2015 was identified using available databases. STATA 12.0 was performed in this meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 13 studies, including 1203 patients, in this meta-analysis. The combined hazard ratio of 1.70 (95% CI, 1.43-2.03, P < 0.001) shows that VEGF-C overexpression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in EC patients. Furthermore, the results suggested a significant relationship between VEGF-C expression and overall survival was also showed in studies with patient source, patient number ≥ 70, methods detecting VEGF-C by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) or ELISA and histology type. Moreover, combined odds ratio of VEGF-C displayed that VEGF-C overexpression was significantly association with stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node status and metastasis of EC (P < 0.05). However, it has no correlation with differentiation degree of EC (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION VEGF-C overexpression shows an unfavorable prognosis for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushuhu Hospital (Clinic Center, Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushuhu Hospital (Clinic Center, Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushuhu Hospital (Clinic Center, Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaomu Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushuhu Hospital (Clinic Center, Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushuhu Hospital (Clinic Center, Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushuhu Hospital (Clinic Center, Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Cheng KY, Wang ZL, Gu QY, Hao M. Survivin Overexpression Is Associated with Aggressive Clinicopathological Features in Cervical Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165117. [PMID: 27764228 PMCID: PMC5072693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Overexpression of survivin has been reported in many human tumors. However, the clinicopathological features associated with survivin overexpression in cervical carcinoma remain controversial. Thus, the current meta-analysis was performed to assess the clinicopathological significance of survivin in cervical carcinoma. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies published through November 1, 2015. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between survivin expression and clinicopathological outcome in cervical carcinoma. Results Eleven eligible studies with a total of 865 patients were included. Survivin overexpression was closely related to lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.679, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.509–0.905, P = 0.008) but was not significantly associated with tumor FIGO stage (I+II vs. III+IV) (OR = 0.843, 95% CI: 0.626–1.137, P = 0.264), tumor grade (G1+G2 vs. G3) (OR = 0.913, 95% CI: 0.689–1.210, P = 0.527), tumor size (>4 vs. ≤4 cm) (OR = 0.825, 95% CI: 0.434–1.570, P = 0.559), or stromal involvement (OR = 0.820, 95% CI: 0.545–1.233, P = 0.340). The correlation between survivin expression and overall survival was evaluated among a total of 238 patients from three eligible studies. The pooled HR was 1.129 (95% CI: 0.597–1.661; P = 0.000), indicating that survivin expression was significantly associated with poor survival in cervical carcinoma. Conclusions Based on the current meta-analysis, survivin is strongly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Additionally, survivin is a novel clinicopathological marker of cervical carcinoma and thus may be a therapeutic target for cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-yan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-lian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qian-yun Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Varughese RK, Torp SH. Survivin and gliomas: A literature review. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1679-1686. [PMID: 27588117 PMCID: PMC4998142 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor, the diagnosis of which is challenging. In this respect, the use of immunohistochemical proliferation markers may aid diagnosis; survivin, also known as Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5, is one such marker. Survivin is a unique member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein gene family, and is known for its dual function as an apoptosis inhibitor and mitosis regulator. Furthermore, survivin has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in a number of malignancies. The purpose of the present literature review was to gain an overview of studies published on the diagnostic and/or prognostic use of survivin in gliomas. Using PubMed, 19 studies matching the inclusion criteria were ultimately included in the present review. The majority of the studies identified revealed that survivin was significantly associated with other proliferation markers, histological malignancy grade, and inversely associated with prognosis. However, there were a number of inconsistencies between studies, which suggests a requirement for standardization of immunohistochemical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosilin Kotakkathu Varughese
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre Helge Torp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Ma C, Lu B, Sun E. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of survivin expression in renal cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J 2016; 93:186-192. [PMID: 27489375 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin has been reported to play a role in the diagnosis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, published data on this subject are conflicting. AIM To conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of survivin as a prognostic marker and its association with clinicopathological variables in patients with RCC. METHOD Comprehensive searches of electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge Embase, Google Scholar Web and the Cochrane Library) were updated to June 2016 to retrieve eligible studies. The association strength was measured with relative risks (RRs) and pooled HRs with 95% CIs, which were extracted and pooled to determine the association between survivin expression and patient survival and clinicopathological features. RESULTS Ten studies with 1063 cases of RCC were included. Positive survivin expression in RCC was associated with the TNM stage (pooled RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.07) or Fuhrman grade (pooled RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.32) in patients. The correlation between survivin expression and gender was not significant (pooled RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.15). In addition, a considerable association was found between survivin expression and overall survival for patients with RCC (pooled HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.05 (multivariate model) and 5.41; 95% CI 4.08 to 7.17 (univariate model)). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that survivin is of prognostic significance in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengquan Ma
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Nankai hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Erlin Sun
- Tianjin institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Sanhueza C, Wehinger S, Castillo Bennett J, Valenzuela M, Owen GI, Quest AFG. The twisted survivin connection to angiogenesis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:198. [PMID: 26584646 PMCID: PMC4653922 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins (IAPs) that controls cell division, apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis, is overexpressed in essentially all human cancers. As a consequence, the gene/protein is considered an attractive target for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss recent findings related to the regulation of survivin expression and its role in angiogenesis, particularly in the context of hypoxia. We propose a novel role for survivin in cancer, whereby expression of the protein in tumor cells promotes VEGF synthesis, secretion and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we propose the existence of a positive feed-back loop involving PI3-kinase/Akt activation and enhanced β-Catenin-TCF/LEF-dependent VEGF expression followed by secretion. Finally, we elaborate on the possibility that this mechanism operating in cancer cells may contribute to enhanced tumor vascularization by vasculogenic mimicry together with conventional angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - S Wehinger
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - J Castillo Bennett
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - M Valenzuela
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - G I Owen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas & Center UC Investigation in Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A F G Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Huang W, Mao Y, Zhan Y, Huang J, Wang X, Luo P, Li LI, Mo D, Liu Q, Xu H, Huang C. Prognostic implications of survivin and lung resistance protein in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:723-730. [PMID: 26870274 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the chemotherapy often results in the development of chemoresistance. The present study aimed to explore the prognostic implications of survivin and lung resistance protein (LRP) in advanced NSCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Tumor samples were collected from 61 hospitalized patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC that underwent platinum-based chemotherapy. All patient samples were collected in the Oncology Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2006 and January 2011. Cytoplasmic survivin and LRP expression were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The expression of LRP and survivin reached 77% (47/61) and 76% (45/61), respectively. Positive expression of survivin was associated with a lower median progression-free survival (PFS) time (4 vs. 9 months; P=0.038) and a lower median overall survival (OS) time compared with the absence of survivin expression (9 vs. 16 months; P=0.039). Patients with LRP and survivin expression (n=41) demonstrated a median PFS time of 4 months. However, patients with either LRP or survivin expression (n=10) demonstrated a median PFS time of 8 months, which is similar to the median PFS time of the 10 patients with no expression of LRP and survivin (9 months; P=0.022). Either the expression of survivin or the combined expression of LRP and survivin is associated with a poor prognosis in advanced NSCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Huang
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Yan Mao
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Yongzi Zhan
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Penghui Luo
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - L I Li
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Dunchang Mo
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Changjie Huang
- Tumor Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
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18
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Shu SR, Luo X, Song WX, Chen PW. Ultra-structure changes and survivin expression in uterine fibroids after radiofrequency ablation. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:896-9. [PMID: 26446892 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1086497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the reliability and validity of radiofrequency (RF) ablation in treating uterine fibroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 63 patients who underwent hysterectomy to treat multiple fibroids. Thirty patients immediately underwent abdominal hysterectomy after the fibroids were ablated under direct vision. Thirty-three patients first experienced trans-vaginal ablation with the guidance of a baseline ultrasound. We performed abdominal or trans-vaginal hysterectomy 72 h later. The tissues in the centre of the ablated lesion (group A), at the edge of the ablated lesion (group B), 1 cm away from the ablated edge (group C) and the control group were sampled. We observed ultra-structure changes by transmission electron microscopy and detected survivin expression with Western blot analysis. RESULTS According to transmission electron microscopy, the ultra-structure of fibroid cells in groups A and B was damaged. However, in group C, the ultra-structure was normal. Compared with the control group, survivin expression was significantly decreased. Meanwhile survivin expression was significantly increased with the distance to the ablated centre (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency ablation caused permanent and irreversible damage to fibroid cells and decreased survivin expression, which provided reliable clinical evidence for the success of radiofrequency ablation treating uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Rong Shu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xin Luo
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wen-Xia Song
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University , Guangzhou , China
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Cho HJ, Kim HR, Park YS, Kim YH, Kim DK, Park SI. Prognostic value of survivin expression in stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based therapy. Surg Oncol 2015; 24:329-34. [PMID: 26690822 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential prognostic value of survivin is variably reported depending on the lung cancer stage. This study examines the correlation between tumor survivin expression before and after chemoradiation therapy, therapeutic response, and prognosis in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who were treated with platinum-based chemoradiation therapy and surgery. METHODS This retrospective study included stage III NSCLC patients with adequate pre- and posttreatment tumor tissues. Tissues were stained using immunohistochemistry, and the degree of staining was scored. Clinical and biological variables were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the prognostic relationship with overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). RESULTS Fifty-three patients were enrolled. Tumor survivin expression in pretreatment tissues was determined in 47 patients (88.7%). The pretreatment survivin score was unrelated with TTR and OS (p = 0.249 and 0.601, respectively). There was no correlation between the pre- and posttreatment survivin scores (p = 0.309). Downregulated survivin and the posttreatment survivin score (0-1) after chemoradiation were significantly correlated with improved OS (p = 0.04 and p = 0.033, respectively). Age, downregulated survivin score, and posttreatment survivin score (0-1) were significant prognostic factors for survival according to the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Downregulated and low posttreatment survivin scores are prognostic in stage III NSCLC patients who receive platinum-based chemoradiation therapy followed by surgery regardless of the pretreatment survivin score. These results suggest that additional studies on the relationship between survivin and platinum-based chemoradiation therapy are warranted in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryul Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Il Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Li C, Wang L, Zheng L, Zhan X, Xu B, Jiang J, Wu C. SIRT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:977-84. [PMID: 25995644 PMCID: PMC4425340 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s82378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that the overexpression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was associated with poor prognosis in various human cancers. However, little is known regarding the prognostic value of SIRT1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the role of SIRT1 in the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Using a tissue microarray, we detected SIRT1 expression by immunohistochemistry in lung adenocarcinoma tissue, as well as in corresponding noncancerous tissues (NCTs). A high expression level of SIRT1 was observed in 74.7% (56/75) of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 6.7% (5/75) of NCTs (P<0.001). SIRT1 expression was significantly associated with high pathological stage. Importantly, we found that SIRT1 expression was associated with worse overall survival in these lung adenocarcinoma patients (67.0 months vs 104.5 months; P=0.005). In addition, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Survivin expression were evaluated by fluorescent in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry, respectively. We found that VEGF and Survivin were both highly expressed in the lung adenocarcinoma tissues, as compared to NCTs. Moreover, the SIRT1 and VEGF expression statuses were significantly positively correlated (r=0.238, P=0.039), while SIRT1 and Survivin expression status were not significantly correlated (r=0.220, P=0.058). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between VEGF and Survivin expression (r=0.436, P<0.001). However, we found that VEGF and Survivin expression were not associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients (P=0.334; P=0.433, respectively). Taken together, our findings suggest that SIRT1 plays a role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and may be a significant prognostic indicator for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China ; Cancer Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Medical Education, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China ; Cancer Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China ; Cancer Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China ; Cancer Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Xia H, Chen S, Huang H, Ma H. Survivin over-expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in esophageal cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 446:82-5. [PMID: 25896962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic role of survivin in esophageal cancer (EC) remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association of survivin with survival in EC patients. METHODS Relevant studies published up to November 2014 were identified using PubMed and Embase. Only studies in which survivin was detected through immunohistochemical staining were included. STATA 12.0 was used in this meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 9 studies, which comprised 610 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The combined hazard ratio (HR) of 1.76 (95% CI, 1.40-2.21; P<0.001) suggests that survivin overexpression in EC patients was significantly associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, the results showed a significant relationship between overall survival and survivin expression was also displayed in studies with a non-Asian country (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.30-2.35), patient number ≥ 50 (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.57-2.20), the cut-off level ≥ 5% (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.94-2.17) and the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.43-2.30). However, combined odds ratio of survivin indicated that survivin overexpression has no correlation with stage, grade of differentiation, lymph node status, depth of invasion and distant metastasis of EC (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Survivin overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomu Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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He C, Liu Z, Ji J, Zhu H. Prognostic value of survivin in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5847-5854. [PMID: 26131175 PMCID: PMC4484020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Numerous studies have focused on the role of survivin in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), but evidence regarding the prognostic value of survivin with respect to overall survival (OS) in NHL remains controversial. The aim of this study is to gain a better insight about the direct relationship between survivin expression and patients' survival statuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant publications addressing the association between survivin expression and OS in NHL patients were selected from PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database and the Cochrane library. Studies were pooled and summary hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias were also conducted. Statistical analysis was performed by STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Combined HRs suggested that survivin overexpression had an unfavorable impact on NHL patients' survival (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.12-2.13, P=0.008). Subgroup analyses according to the studies categorized by histological type, ethnicity, cutoff scores and follow-up period were also conducted, and all the above analyses supported the stability of the prognostic role of survivin. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that survivin high expression might be a poor prognostic factor for patients with NHL. However, further large scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huanling Zhu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Xie S, Xu H, Shan X, Liu B, Wang K, Cai Z. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of survivin expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: evidence from a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116517. [PMID: 25710884 PMCID: PMC4339736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin has been proposed as a promising prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the published data on survivin expression in patients with this condition are controversial. To address this we performed a meta-analysis systematically to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of survivin expression in OSCC. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Ovid databases for papers investigating the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of survivin expression in OSCC. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the relevance of survivin. RESULTS A total of 15 papers, including 1040 cases in which survivin expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were included. A meta-analysis of clinicopathological variables revealed a correlation between survivin expression and lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44-0.88, p < 0.05) and clinical stage (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41-0.96, p < 0.05). However, no significant associations were found between survivin expression and tumor differentiation grade (OR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.26-1.11, p > 0.05), depth of invasion (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.50-1.14, p > 0.05), age (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.48-1.29, p > 0.05) or gender (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.86-2.01, p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis using stratified detection methods showed no significant associations between the expression of survivin protein and clinicopathological variables in OSCC. A correlation between survivin expression and poor prognosis of patients with OSCC (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.23-2.01, p < 0.05) was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Survivin is a potential prognostic marker of OSCC. Future studies with larger sample sizes and well-designed inclusion criteria will be needed to dissect the role of survivin expression in determining the clinicopathological features and/or prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- * E-mail:
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The diagnostic value of survivin in malignant pleural effusion: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 441:142-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Baykara O, Bakir B, Buyru N, Kaynak K, Dalay N. Amplification of chromosome 8 genes in lung cancer. J Cancer 2015; 6:270-5. [PMID: 25663945 PMCID: PMC4317763 DOI: 10.7150/jca.10638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal alterations are frequent events in lung carcinogenesis and usually display regions of focal amplification containing several overexpressed oncogenes. Although gains and losses of chromosomal loci have been reported copy number changes of the individual genes have not been analyzed in lung cancer. In this study 22 genes were analyzed by MLPA in tumors and matched normal tissue samples from 82 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Gene amplifications were observed in 84% of the samples. Chromosome 8 was found to harbor the most frequent copy number alterations. The most frequently amplified genes were ZNF703, PRDM14 and MYC on chromosome 8 and the BIRC5 gene on chromosome 17. The frequency of deletions were much lower and the most frequently deleted gene was ADAM9. Amplification of the ZNF703, PRDM14 and MYC genes were highly correlated suggesting that the genes displaying high copy number changes on chromosome 8 collaborate during lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Baykara
- 1. Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Burak Bakir
- 1. Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Nur Buyru
- 1. Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Kamil Kaynak
- 2. Department of Chest Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Nejat Dalay
- 3. Department of Basic Oncology, I.U. Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Turkey
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Sebastian M, Papachristofilou A, Weiss C, Früh M, Cathomas R, Hilbe W, Wehler T, Rippin G, Koch SD, Scheel B, Fotin-Mleczek M, Heidenreich R, Kallen KJ, Gnad-Vogt U, Zippelius A. Phase Ib study evaluating a self-adjuvanted mRNA cancer vaccine (RNActive®) combined with local radiation as consolidation and maintenance treatment for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:748. [PMID: 25288198 PMCID: PMC4195907 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a significant unmet medical need. Despite advances with targeted therapies in a small subset of patients, fewer than 20% of patients survive for more than two years after diagnosis. Cancer vaccines are a promising therapeutic approach that offers the potential for durable responses through the engagement of the patient's own immune system. CV9202 is a self-adjuvanting mRNA vaccine that targets six antigens commonly expressed in NSCLC (NY-ESO-1, MAGEC1, MAGEC2, 5 T4, survivin, and MUC1). METHODS/DESIGN The trial will assess the safety and tolerability of CV9202 vaccination combined with local radiation designed to enhance immune responses and will include patients with stage IV NSCLC and a response or stable disease after first-line chemotherapy or therapy with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Three histological and molecular subtypes of NSCLC will be investigated (squamous and non-squamous cell with/without EGFR mutations). All patients will receive two initial vaccinations with CV9202 prior to local radiotherapy (5 GY per day for four successive days) followed by further vaccinations until disease progression. The primary endpoint of the study is the number of patients experiencing Grade >3 treatment-related adverse events. Pharmacodynamic analyses include the assessment of immune responses to the antigens encoded by CV9202 and others not included in the panel (antigen spreading) and standard efficacy assessments. DISCUSSION RNActive self-adjuvanted mRNA vaccines offer the potential for simultaneously inducing immune responses to a wide panel of antigens commonly expressed in tumors. This trial will assess the feasibility of this approach in combination with local radiotherapy in NSCLC patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01915524/EudraCT No.: 2012-004230-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sebastian
- />Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Christian Weiss
- />Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Früh
- />Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Hilbe
- />Department of General Internal Medicine, Oncology, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Wehler
- />Third Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfred Zippelius
- />Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH - 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Wu YK, Huang CY, Yang MC, Lan CC, Lee CH, Chan EC, Chen KT. Nuclear survivin expression: a prognostic factor for the response to taxane-platinum chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:79. [PMID: 24961465 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, a structurally unique protein expressed in most common human neoplasms, is thought to support cell cycle progression and suppress apoptosis. Survivin expression is highly correlated with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and poor prognosis. In this retrospective study of banked pathology tissue of patients with advanced NSCLC, we tested for correlations of N-survivin expression in tumor tissues and responsiveness to treatment with platinum-based regimens containing paclitaxel or docetaxel. The 48 patients with NSCLC included 32 (66.7 %) males and 16 (33.3 %) females. Mean age at diagnosis was 59.4 years (range 36-83 years), and median follow-up time was 20.4 months (range 3.4-59.0 months). Patients with high tumor N-survivin expression had significantly better responses to taxane-platinum chemotherapy than those with low tumor N-survivin expression (P < 0.001). Adjusted multivariate modeling found high tumor N-survivin expression to be an independent prognostic factor for a clinical response to chemotherapy (high vs. low, OR 6.14, 95 % CI 1.62-23.29; P = 0.008). Median overall survival differed significantly between those with high tumor N-survivin expression who did/did not respond to chemotherapy and between those with low tumor N-survivin expression who did/did not respond to chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Tumor N-survivin expression shows promise as a predictive biomarker in the chemotherapy setting as a surrogate marker of high proliferation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Kuang Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li J, Gao JZ, Du JL, Wei LX. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of glypican-3 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6336-6344. [PMID: 24876756 PMCID: PMC4033473 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of glypican-3 (GPC3) overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Publications were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database up to March 2013. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to screen eligible studies for meta-analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) of the eligible studies were pooled using RevMan 5.2 software to evaluate the impact of GPC3 overexpression on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. The correlation between GPC3 expression and clinicopathological parameters of HCC was also analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of five studies with 493 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The combined HRs indicated that GPC3 overexpression can predict poor OS (n = 362 in 3 studies, HR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.47-3.24, Z = 3.86, P = 0.0001) and DFS (n = 325 in 3 studies, HR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.43-2.93, Z = 3.94, P < 0.0001) in HCC patients without heterogeneity. Egger’s and Begg’s tests were applied to detect publication bias, and the results showed that there was no evidence of publication bias detected in the OS studies (the P value for Egger’s test was 0.216) or DFS studies (the P value for Egger’s test was 0.488). The combined odds ratios (ORs) suggested that GPC3 expression tends to be associated with tumor vascular invasion (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.15-6.52, P = 0.02), hepatic cirrhosis (OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.31-3.36, P = 0.002), poor tumor differentiation (OR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.13-0.40, P < 0.00001) and advanced TNM stage (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.18-0.51, P < 0.00001).
CONCLUSION: From this study, we conclude that GPC3 overexpression tends to be associated with a poor prognosis (poor OS or DFS) in HCC.
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Hsiao CJ, Hsiao G, Chen WL, Wang SW, Chiang CP, Liu LY, Guh JH, Lee TH, Chung CL. Cephalochromin induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human non-small-cell lung cancer cells by inflicting mitochondrial disruption. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:758-765. [PMID: 24588135 DOI: 10.1021/np400517g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fungus-derived compound cephalochromin, isolated from the fermented broth of Cosmospora vilior YMJ89051501, shows growth-inhibitory and apoptotic activity against human lung cancer A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 2.8 μM at 48 h. Cephalochromin induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase through down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, Cdk 2, and Cdk 4 expressions. Cephalochromin markedly increased the hypodiploid sub-G1 phase (apoptosis) of the cell cycle at 48 h as measured by flow cytometric analysis. Reactive oxygen species generation and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were also markedly induced by cephalochromin. Moreover, the immunoblotting assays showed that cephalochromin reduced survivin and Bcl-xL expression and induced the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, indicating the involvement of a caspase signaling cascade. The caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk significantly suppressed cephalochromin-induced apoptosis. Cephalochromin also triggered LC3 II, autophagic marker, expression. Taken together, this is the first report that cephalochromin induced an antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cells through mitochondrial disruption and down-regulation of survivin, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, loss of MMP, and subsequently apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jen Hsiao
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110, Taiwan
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C-MYC aberrations as prognostic factors in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95020. [PMID: 24740248 PMCID: PMC3989276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Various studies have investigated the prognostic value of C-MYC aberrations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the role of C-MYC as an independent prognostic factor in clinical practice remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to clarify the clinical significance of C-MYC aberrations in DLBCL patients. Methods The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were calculated as the main effect size estimates. The procedure was conducted according to the Cochrane handbook and PRISMA guidelines, including the use of a heterogeneity test, publication bias assessment, and meta-regression, as well as subgroup analyses. Results Twenty-four eligible studies enrolling 4662 patients were included in this meta-analysis. According to the nature of C-MYC aberrations (gene, protein, and mRNA), studies were divided into several subgroups. For DLBCL patients with C-MYC gene abnormalities, the combined HR was 2.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.89 to 2.61) for OS and 2.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.81 to 2.90) for EFS, compared to patients without C-MYC gene abnormalities. For DLBCL patients with overexpression of C-MYC protein and C-MYC mRNA, pooled HRs for OS were 2.13 and 1.62, respectively. C-MYC aberrations appeared to play an independent role among other well-known prognostic factors in DLBCL. Addition of rituximab could not overcome the inferior prognosis conferred by C-MYC. Conclusion The present systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the prognostic value of C-MYC aberrations. Screening of C-MYC should have definite prognostic meaning for DLBCL stratification, thus guaranteeing a more tailored therapy.
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Li C, Lu HJ, Na FF, Deng L, Xue JX, Wang JW, Wang YQ, Li QL, Lu Y. Prognostic role of hypoxic inducible factor expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3607-12. [PMID: 23886153 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reported prognostic roles of hypoxic inducible factor (HIF) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have varied. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the relationship between HIF expression and clinical outcome in NSCLC patients. METHODS PubMed were used to identify relevant literature with the last report up to December 20th, 2012. After careful review, survival data were collected from eligible studies. We completed the meta-analysis using Stata statistical software (Version 11) and combined hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS). Subgroup specificity, heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. All of the results were verified by two persons to ensure accuracy. RESULTS Eight studies were finally stepped into this meta-analysis in which seven had available data for HIF-1α and three for HIF-2α. Combined HRs suggested that higher expression of HIF1α had a negative impact on NSCLC patient survival (HR=1.50; 95%CI =1.07-2.10; p=0.019). The expression of HIF-2α was also relative to a poorer survival (HR=2.02; 95%CI =1.47-2.77; p=0.000). No bias existed in either of the two groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that elevations of HIF-1α and HIF- 2α expression are both associated with poor outcome for patients with NSCLC. The data support further and high quality investigation of HIF expression for predicting poor outcome in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Huaxi Student Society of Oncology Research, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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ZHANG HONG, LI ZHIHONG, WANG KAIZHONG. Combining sorafenib with celecoxib synergistically inhibits tumor growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1954-60. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Liu JL, Zhang XJ, Zhang Z, Zhang AH, Wang W, Dong JH. Meta-analysis: prognostic value of survivin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83350. [PMID: 24386184 PMCID: PMC3873280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of survivin is a promising prognostic indicator for some carcinomas. However, evidence for the prognostic value of survivin with respect to survival in hepatocellular carcinoma remains controversial. Aim To conduct a systematic review of studies evaluating survivin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma as a prognostic indicator. Methods The relevant literature was searched using PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese biomedicine databases, and two meta-analyses were performed. One studied the association between survivin expression and the overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas the other studied the association between survivin expression and disease-free survival. Studies were pooled, and summary hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were also conducted. Results Fourteen eligible studies with a total of 890 patients were included in this study. Two meta-analyses were performed according to the different outcomes by which prognosis was valued. The combined HR of the overall survival studies was 2.33 (95% CI: 1.65–3.31). The combined HR of disease-free survival studies was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.65–2.75). These data appeared to be significant when stratified by detection method, the language of publication, and HR estimate. The heterogeneities were highly significant (I2>50%) when subgroup analyses of overall survival rate were conducted, whereas little heterogeneity was found when subgroup analyses of disease-free survival rate were carried out. The positive expression of survivin in the cytoplasm was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in HCC (HR>1). Conclusions This study showed that survivin expression was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, regardless whether they were assessed by overall survival or disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ; Department of General Surgery 1, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde City, China
| | - Xue Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery 1, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde City, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery 1, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde City, China
| | - An Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The People's Liberation Army 252 Hospital, Baoding City, China
| | - Jia Hong Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Győrffy B, Surowiak P, Budczies J, Lánczky A. Online survival analysis software to assess the prognostic value of biomarkers using transcriptomic data in non-small-cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82241. [PMID: 24367507 PMCID: PMC3867325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1345] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, optimized treatment for non-small cell lung cancer had lead to improved prognosis, but the overall survival is still very short. To further understand the molecular basis of the disease we have to identify biomarkers related to survival. Here we present the development of an online tool suitable for the real-time meta-analysis of published lung cancer microarray datasets to identify biomarkers related to survival. We searched the caBIG, GEO and TCGA repositories to identify samples with published gene expression data and survival information. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival plot with hazard ratio and logrank P value are calculated and plotted in R. The complete analysis tool can be accessed online at: www.kmplot.com/lung. All together 1,715 samples of ten independent datasets were integrated into the system. As a demonstration, we used the tool to validate 21 previously published survival associated biomarkers. Of these, survival was best predicted by CDK1 (p<1E-16), CD24 (p<1E-16) and CADM1 (p = 7E-12) in adenocarcinomas and by CCNE1 (p = 2.3E-09) and VEGF (p = 3.3E-10) in all NSCLC patients. Additional genes significantly correlated to survival include RAD51, CDKN2A, OPN, EZH2, ANXA3, ADAM28 and ERCC1. In summary, we established an integrated database and an online tool capable of uni- and multivariate analysis for in silico validation of new biomarker candidates in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Győrffy
- Research Laboratory of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Pawel Surowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institut für Pathologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - András Lánczky
- Research Laboratory of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Alaggio R, Turrini R, Boldrin D, Merlo A, Gambini C, Ferrari A, Dall'Igna P, Coffin CM, Martines A, Bonaldi L, De Salvo GL, Zanovello P, Rosato A. Survivin expression and prognostic significance in pediatric malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). PLoS One 2013; 8:e80456. [PMID: 24303016 PMCID: PMC3841247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are very aggressive malignancies comprising approximately 5–10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. In this study, we focused on pediatric MPNST arising in the first 2 decades of life, as they represent one the most frequent non-rhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcomas in children. In MPNST, several genetic alterations affect the chromosomal region 17q encompassing the BIRC5/SURVIVIN gene. As cancer-specific expression of survivin has been found to be an effective marker for cancer detection and outcome prediction, we analyzed survivin expression in 35 tumor samples derived from young patients affected by sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 1-associated MPNST. Survivin mRNA and protein expression were assessed by Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, while gene amplification was analyzed by FISH. Data were correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Survivin mRNA was overexpressed in pediatric MPNST and associated to a copy number gain of BIRC5; furthermore, increased levels of transcripts correlated with a higher FNCLCC tumor grade (grade 1 and 2 vs. 3, p = 0.0067), and with a lower survival probability (Log-rank test, p = 0.0038). Overall, these data support the concept that survivin can be regarded as a useful prognostic marker for pediatric MPNST and a promising target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Alaggio
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Merlo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Gambini
- Servizio di Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dall'Igna
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cheryl M. Coffin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Laura Bonaldi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paola Zanovello
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Chen S, Li X, Lu D, Xu Y, Mou W, Wang L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Li X, Li LY, Liu L, Stupack D, Reisfeld RA, Xiang R, Li N. SOX2 regulates apoptosis through MAP4K4-survivin signaling pathway in human lung cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:613-23. [PMID: 24233838 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated cancer stem cells in tumor recurrence and revealed that the stem cell gene SOX2 plays an important role in the tumor cell resistance to apoptosis. Nonetheless, the mechanism by which SOX2 regulates apoptosis signals remained undefined. Here, we demonstrated the surprising finding that silencing of the SOX2 gene effectively induces apoptosis via the activation of death receptor and mitochondrial signaling pathways in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Unexpectedly, reverse transcription-PCR analysis suggested that downregulation of SOX2 leads to activation of MAP4K4, previously implicated in cell survival. Evaluation of the apoptotic pathways revealed an increased expression of key inducers of apoptosis, including tumor necrosis factor-α and p53, with concurrent attenuation of Survivin. Although p53 appeared dispensable for this pathway, the loss of Survivin in SOX2-deficient cells appeared critical for the observed MAP4K4 induced cell death. Rescue experiments revealed that SOX2-silencing-mediated killing was blocked by ectopic expression of Survivin, or by reduction of MAP4K4 expression. Clinically, expressions of Survivin and SOX2 were highly correlated with each other. The results reveal a key target of SOX2 expression and highlight the unexpected context-dependent role for MAP4K4, a pluripotent activator of several mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, in regulating tumor cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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Wang HQ, Jin JJ, Wang J. Arctigenin enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin in human nonsmall lung cancer H460 cells through downregulation of survivin expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 28:39-45. [PMID: 24395429 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arctigenin, a dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, enhances cisplatin-mediated cell apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of arctigenin on cisplatin-treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H460 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and annexin-V/propidium iodide staining were performed to analyze the proliferation and apoptosis of H460 cells. Arctigenin dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and potentiated cell apoptosis, coupled with increased cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, arctigenin sensitized H460 cells to cisplatin-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Arctigenin alone or in combination with cisplatin had a significantly lower amount of survivin. Ectopic expression of survivin decreased cell apoptosis induced by arctigenin (P < 0.05) or in combination with cisplatin (P < 0.01). Moreover, arctigenin (P < 0.05) or in combination with cisplatin (P < 0.01) induced G1/G0 cell-cycle arrest. Our data provide evidence that arctigenin has a therapeutic potential in combina-tion with chemotherapeutic agents for NSLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-qin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Survivin rs9904341 (G>C) polymorphism contributes to cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis of 26 studies. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1661-9. [PMID: 24096544 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, encoded by BIRC5, is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and in cell cycle control. Emerging evidences indicate that polymorphism in BIRC5 promoter (rs9904341) is associated with cancer risk, but the results of individually published studies are inconclusive. Thus, an updated meta-analysis was performed. PubMed was searched for all eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association strength. Stratified analysis was performed by cancer type, source of control, genotyping method, and ethnicity. A number of 26 studies, including 6,041 cases and 7,567 controls were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Overall, significantly increased cancer risk was associated with survivin rs9904341 polymorphism when all studies were pooled (CC vs. GG: OR = 1.36, 95 % CI = 1.09-1.69; P heterogeneity < 0.001; CC vs GC/GG: OR = 1.32, 95 % CI = 1.11-1.57; P heterogeneity < 0.001). Stratified analysis by cancer type revealed that the survivin rs9904341 polymorphism may increase the risk of colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, gastric cancer, and bladder cancer. Further subgroup analysis by ethnicity indicated that there was a statistically increased cancer risk in Asians but not Caucasians. In this updated meta-analysis of 26 studies, we conclude that the survivin rs9904341 polymorphism might contribute to risk of various cancers, especially in Asian populations.
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Role of survivin as prognostic and clinicopathological marker in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5501-11. [PMID: 23948878 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Survivin has been implicated as a potential prognostic marker in a wide range of malignant tumours. However, the prognostic impact of survivin in gastric cancer remains to be controversial and published data are sometimes heterogeneous. Thus, aim of this study was to review the literature by performing an electronical database search via PubMed and EMBASE to identify eligible studies that assessed the impact of survivin as prognostic marker and its association with clinicopathological variables. Database search until November 21st 2012 retrieved 20 studies comprising 2,695 gastric cancer patients that assessed expression of survivin by immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR analyses in gastric cancer specimens. Meta-analyses of clinicopathological variables revealed an association between the expression of survivin and the presence of lymph node metastases (pooled OR: 0.58; 95 % CI 0.35-0.96). In addition, a correlation between the expression of survivin and overall survival for patients with gastric cancer (pooled HR 1.93; 95 % CI 1.51-2.48) became evident. More importantly, we were able to exclude a severe heterogeneity (I(2) = 31 %) or publication bias for the survival analyses. Furthermore, one-way sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses regarding the method used to detect survivin, the type of survival analysis, the study quality and whether information was provided regarding neoadjuvant therapy supported our initial results. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates the prognostic significance of survivin in patients with gastric cancer.
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40
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Liu JL, Gao W, Kang QM, Zhang XJ, Yang SG. Prognostic value of survivin in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71930. [PMID: 23936532 PMCID: PMC3732238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognostic significance of survivin for the survival of patients with gastric cancer remains controversial. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature evaluating survivin expression in gastric cancer as a prognostic indicator. METHODS Relevant literature was searched using PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese biomedicine databases. A meta-analysis of the association between survivin expression and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer was performed. Studies were pooled and summary hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were also conducted. RESULTS Final analysis of 1365 patients from 16 eligible studies was performed. Combined HR suggested that survivin expression had an unfavorable impact on survival of gastric cancer patients (HR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.16-1.68). The unfavorable impact also appeared significant when stratified according to the studies categorized by patients' ethnicity, detection methods, type of sample, and HR estimate. The combined HR in the English literature showed an inverse effect on survival (HR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-1.75), while HR in the non-English literature did not (HR=1.38, 95% CI: 0.93-2.05). When stratified according to the location of survivin expression, combined HR showed that expression in cytoplasm was significantly associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients (HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.12-1.90). While expression in nucleus was not significantly associated with poor prognosis (HR=1.29, 95% CI: 0.72-2.31), the heterogeneity was highly significant (chi-squared=11.5, I(2)=74%, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that survivin expression was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Cytoplasmic expression of survivin may be regarded as a prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients. In contrast, survivin expression in nucleus did not have a significant impact on patients' overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Long Liu
- Department of General Surgery 1, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China.
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Survivin expression is an independent poor prognostic marker in lung adenocarcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2013; 463:427-36. [PMID: 23907568 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis and frequently overexpressed in various cancer cells. Overexpression of survivin in lung cancer cells attenuates antitumor effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, data from the previous studies on the clinicopathologic implication of survivin in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) are inconsistent. We investigated the expression of survivin in 373 cases of surgically resected NSCLC. Correlations between the expression of survivin and clinicopathologic, molecular features and prognostic significance were analyzed. In adenocarcinoma, the increased expression of survivin was associated with the presence of vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor recurrences, but we didn't find any correlation with survivin expression and clinicopathological parameters in squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with high survivin expression had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS; 42.2 vs. 58.8 months; p = 0.001) and shorter overall survival (OS; 60.8 vs. 71.5 months; p = 0.009) than those with low survivin expression group in adenocarcinoma. In squamous cell carcinoma, the expression of survivin was not associated with prognosis of the patients (DFS; 48.9 vs. 48.7 months; p = 0.837, OS; 61.0 vs. 62.4 months; p = 0.771). Multivariate analysis confirmed that survivin was an independent poor prognostic factor in adenocarcinoma (DFS: hazard ratio (HR), 1.687; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.123-2.532; p = 0.012; OS: HR, 1.965; 95 % CI, 1.108-3.486; p = 0.021). There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of survivin among different molecular subgroups (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that survivin is an independent negative prognostic factor in adenocarcinoma, but not in squamous cell carcinoma. The different prognostic roles played by survivin in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma highlights the biological differences between these two histologic types.
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Krieg A, Werner TA, Verde PE, Stoecklein NH, Knoefel WT. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of survivin in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65338. [PMID: 23755220 PMCID: PMC3670901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin/BIRC5 is a potentially interesting prognostic marker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the available data on survivin expression in CRC are heterogeneous. Thus, to clarify the prognostic relevance of survivin in patients with CRC and its association with clinicopathological parameters we performed a meta-analysis. We screened PubMed and EMBASE for those studies that investigated the prognostic value of survivin and its association with clinicopathological parameters in CRC. Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into the meta-analyses using a random effects model. Electronical literature search identified 15 studies including 1934 patients with CRC mostly detecting survivin by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Pooled hazard ratios of 11 studies that performed survival analysis revealed a positive correlation between survivin expression and poor prognosis (HR 1.93; 95% CI: 1.55–2.42; P<0.00001; I2 = 23%). Subgroup analyses with respect to the detection method, HR estimation, global quality score and the country of origin in which the study was conducted supported the stability of this observation. In addition, meta-analyses revealed a significant association between expression of survivin and the presence of lymph node metastases (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19–0.75; I2 = 61%) or blood vessel invasion (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28–0.90; I2 = 0%). Expression of survivin indicates poor prognosis and a pro-metastatic phenotype and may be useful in identifying a subgroup of patients that could benefit from a targeted therapy against survivin in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery A, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Song J, Su H, Zhou YY, Guo LL. Prognostic value of survivin expression in breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2053-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Elkady AI. Crude alkaloid extract of Rhazya stricta inhibits cell growth and sensitizes human lung cancer cells to cisplatin through induction of apoptosis. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:12-21. [PMID: 23569403 PMCID: PMC3615516 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths in men and women worldwide. Rhazya stricta, an important medicinal plant used in traditional Oriental medicine, possesses anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic and free radical scavenging properties. This study was done to explore the potential anticancer activity of a crude alkaloid extract of R. stricta (CAERS) against the NSCLC line A549. CAERS markedly suppressed the growth of A549 cells and considerably enhanced the anti-proliferative potential of cisplatin. CAERS-mediated inhibition of A549 cell growth correlated with the induction of apoptosis that was accompanied by numerous morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, activation of caspases 3 and 9 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. CAERS reduced the constitutive expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1 and Survivin) and cell cycle regulating proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), but enhanced expression of the proapoptotic proteins Noxa and BAD. These observations indicate that CAERS induced apoptosis and sensitized NSCLC to cisplatin via a mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. These data provide a rationale for using a combination of CAERS and CDDP to treat NSCLC and other CDDP-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman I Elkady
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Rosato A, Menin C, Boldrin D, Santa SD, Bonaldi L, Scaini MC, Del Bianco P, Zardo D, Fassan M, Cappellesso R, Fassina A. Survivin expression impacts prognostically on NSCLC but not SCLC. Lung Cancer 2013; 79:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Li S, Chai L, Cai Z, Jin L, Chen Y, Wu H, Sun Z. Expression of Survivin and Caspase 3 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Peritumoral Tissue. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:5027-31. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.10.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Jin J, Deng J, Wang F, Xia X, Qiu T, Lu W, Li X, Zhang H, Gu X, Liu Y, Cao W, Shao W. The expression and function of microRNA-203 in lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:349-57. [PMID: 23073851 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the expression of microRNA-203 (miR-203) in human lung cancer cell lines and to evaluate the effects of miR-203 by targeting survivin, on the lung cancer cell line 95-D to provide potential new strategies for treating lung cancer. The expression of miR-203 was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the in vitro cultured lung cancer cells A549, HCC827, NCI-H1299, and 95-D as well as in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Following a 72-h transfection with the miR-203 precursor in 95-D lung cancer cells, the change in miR-203 expression was detected using qRT-PCR and the resulting effect on survivin protein expression was ascertained by Western blot analysis. The influence of miR-203 on the viability of 95-D lung cancer cells was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effect of miR-203 on 95-D cell proliferation was analyzed using flow cytometry. The consequences of miR-203 expression on 95-D cell apoptosis were analyzed by Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining coupled with flow cytometry. The role of miR-203 in the invasive potential of 95-D cells was studied using a transwell chamber assay. A luciferase reporter gene system was used to verify that survivin is a target gene for miR-203. By qRT-PCR, the expression of miR-203 was lower in lung cancer cells than in normal bronchial epithelial cells (p < 0.01), and the expression of miR-203 in 95-D lung cancer cells was significantly higher after a 72-h transfection with the miR-203 precursor (p < 0.01). After a 72-h transfection with the miR-203 precursor, survivin protein levels in 95-D cells were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Cell viability, as assessed with an MTT assay, decreased following an increase in miR-203 expression (p < 0.05). The flow cytometry results indicated that after miR-203 expression increased, the cell proliferation index decreased (p < 0.05) and the number of apoptotic cells increased (p < 0.01). Increased miR-203 expression led to a significant decrease in the number of cells that migrated through a transwell chamber membrane (p < 0.01). The luciferase reporter gene system demonstrated that the relative luciferase activity significantly decreased after transfection with the miR-203 precursor (p < 0.05). The expression of miR-203 is downregulated in lung cancer cells. miR-203 negatively regulates survivin protein expression and inhibits the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies that enhance miR-203 expression or silence survivin could potentially benefit lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, No. 2, North Yongning Rd, Changzhou, 213002, People's Republic of China
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Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of survivin over-expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44764. [PMID: 23028610 PMCID: PMC3459962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic significance of survivin for survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial. Thus, meta-analysis of the literatures was performed in order to demonstrate its expression impact on ESCC clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methodology Relevant literatures were searched using PubMed, EMBASE and Medline Databases. Revman5.0 software was used to pool eligible studies and summary hazard ratio (HR). Correlation between survivin expression and clinicopathological features of ESCC was analyzed. Principal Findings Final analysis of 523 patients from 7 eligible studies was performed. Combined HR of survivin location in nuclei suggested that survivin expression has an unfavorable impact on ESCC patients' survival (n = 277 in 3 studies; HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.45–2.96; Z = 4.69; P<0.0001). Nevertheless, combined HR of survivin location in cytoplasm displayed that survivin expression has no significance for prognosis of ESCC patients (n = 113 in 2 studies; HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.96–5.69; Z = 0.04; P = 0.97); Combined odds ratio (OR) of survivin location in cytoplasm indicated that survivin expression is associated with ESCC advanced stage (n = 113 in 2 studies; OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14–0.93; Z = 2.10; P = 0.04). Whereas, combined OR of survivin location in nuclei exhibited that survivin over-expression has no correlation with cell differentiation grade, lymph node status, depth of invasion, stage, and metastasis of ESCC. Conclusions This study showed that survivin expression detected by immunohistochemistry seems to be associated with a worse prognosis of ESCC patients. Survivin subcellular location may be an important factor impacting on ESCC development. Larger prospective studies should be performed to evaluate the status of survivin in predicting prognosis of patients with ESCC.
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Mer or Axl receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition promotes apoptosis, blocks growth and enhances chemosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2012; 32:3420-31. [PMID: 22890323 PMCID: PMC3502700 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent and devastating disease that claims more lives than breast, prostate, colon, and pancreatic cancers combined. Current research suggests that standard chemotherapy regimens have been optimized to maximal efficiency. Promising new treatment strategies involve novel agents targeting molecular aberrations present in subsets of NSCLC. We evaluated 88 human NSCLC tumors of diverse histology and identified Mer and Axl as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) overexpressed in 69% and 93%, respectively, of tumors relative to surrounding normal lung tissue. Mer and Axl were also frequently overexpressed and activated in NSCLC cell lines. Ligand-dependent Mer or Axl activation stimulated MAPK, AKT, and FAK signaling pathways indicating roles for these RTKs in multiple oncogenic processes. In addition, we identified a novel pro-survival pathway—involving AKT, CREB, Bcl-xL, survivin, and Bcl-2—downstream of Mer, which is differentially modulated by Axl signaling. We demonstrated that shRNA knockdown of Mer or Axl significantly reduced NSCLC colony formation and growth of subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. Mer or Axl knockdown also improved in vitro NSCLC sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents by promoting apoptosis. When comparing the effects of Mer and Axl knockdown, Mer inhibition exhibited more complete blockade of tumor growth while Axl knockdown more robustly improved chemosensitivity. These results indicate that Mer and Axl play complementary and overlapping roles in NSCLC and suggest that treatment strategies targeting both RTKs may be more effective than singly-targeted agents. Our findings validate Mer and Axl as potential therapeutic targets in NSCLC and provide justification for development of novel therapeutic compounds that selectively inhibit Mer and/or Axl.
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Qiu ZX, Wang L, Han J, Liu D, Huang W, Altaf K, Qiu XS, Javed MA, Zheng J, Chen BJ, Li WM. Prognostic impact of Raf-1 and p-Raf-1 expressions for poor survival rate in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1774-9. [PMID: 22738312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Raf-1 has commonly been observed in solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of this study was to investigate whether overexpression of Raf-1, phosphorylated-Raf-1 (p-Raf-1) or both correlates with poor survival rate in NSCLC patients and to explore associations between expression of these proteins and NSCLC cell fate both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of Raf-1 and p-Raf-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in tumor specimens from 152 NSCLC patients and associations between their expression and the clinicopathological characteristics were assessed. Five-year median survival rate of patients were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox regression. Cell fate was compared between normal tumor cells and those with Raf-1 silencing, in both the adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and xenografted mice that were infected with the A549 cell line. The incidence of overexpression of both Raf-1 and p-Raf-1 in NSCLC was much higher than normal control (P < 0.05), and the survival rate of patients with positive expression of Raf-1, p-Raf-1 or both was found to be significantly lower than the negative group (P < 0.05). Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed Raf-1 (P = 0.000, P = 0.010), p-Raf-1 (P = 0.004, P = 0.046), or both (P = 0.001, P = 0.016) was good prognostic markers for poor survival rate in NSCLC patients. Suppression of Raf-1 inhibited tumorigenesis by inducing apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that overexpression of Raf-1, p-Raf-1 or both could be considered as a new independent prognostic biomarker for poor survival rates for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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