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Di Conza G, Barbaro F, Zini N, Spaletta G, Remaggi G, Elviri L, Mosca S, Caravelli S, Mosca M, Toni R. Woven bone formation and mineralization by rat mesenchymal stromal cells imply increased expression of the intermediate filament desmin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1234569. [PMID: 37732119 PMCID: PMC10507407 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1234569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disordered and hypomineralized woven bone formation by dysfunctional mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) characterize delayed fracture healing and endocrine -metabolic bone disorders like fibrous dysplasia and Paget disease of bone. To shed light on molecular players in osteoblast differentiation, woven bone formation, and mineralization by MSCs we looked at the intermediate filament desmin (DES) during the skeletogenic commitment of rat bone marrow MSCs (rBMSCs), where its bone-related action remains elusive. Results Monolayer cultures of immunophenotypically- and morphologically - characterized, adult male rBMSCs showed co-localization of desmin (DES) with vimentin, F-actin, and runx2 in all cell morphotypes, each contributing to sparse and dense colonies. Proteomic analysis of these cells revealed a topologically-relevant interactome, focused on cytoskeletal and related enzymes//chaperone/signalling molecules linking DES to runx2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Osteogenic differentiation led to mineralized woven bone nodules confined to dense colonies, significantly smaller and more circular with respect to controls. It significantly increased also colony-forming efficiency and the number of DES-immunoreactive dense colonies, and immunostaining of co-localized DES/runx-2 and DES/ALP. These data confirmed pre-osteoblastic and osteoblastic differentiation, woven bone formation, and mineralization, supporting DES as a player in the molecular pathway leading to the osteogenic fate of rBMSCs. Conclusion Immunocytochemical and morphometric studies coupled with proteomic and bioinformatic analysis support the concept that DES may act as an upstream signal for the skeletogenic commitment of rBMSCs. Thus, we suggest that altered metabolism of osteoblasts, woven bone, and mineralization by dysfunctional BMSCs might early be revealed by changes in DES expression//levels. Non-union fractures and endocrine - metabolic bone disorders like fibrous dysplasia and Paget disease of bone might take advantage of this molecular evidence for their early diagnosis and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine - BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fulvio Barbaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine - BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- Unit of Bologna, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Spaletta
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Remaggi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mosca
- Course on Disorders of the Locomotor System, Fellow Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Caravelli
- II Clinic of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mosca
- II Clinic of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Toni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine - BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Disorders Outpatient Clinic, Osteoporosis, Nutrition, Endocrinology, and Innovative Therapies (OSTEONET) Unit, Galliera Medical Center (GMC), San Venanzio di Galliera, BO, Italy
- Section IV - Medical Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Park CH, Jeoung YH, Zhang L, Yeddula SGR, Park KE, Waters J, Telugu BP. Establishment, characterization, and validation of novel porcine embryonic fibroblasts as a potential source for genetic modification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1059710. [PMID: 36438568 PMCID: PMC9685398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1059710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the common cell type in the connective tissue-the most abundant tissue type in the body. Fibroblasts are widely used for cell culture, for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and as nuclear donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We report for the first time, the derivation of embryonic fibroblasts (EFs) from porcine embryonic outgrowths, which share similarities in morphology, culture characteristics, molecular markers, and transcriptional profile to fetal fibroblasts (FFs). We demonstrated the efficient use of EFs as nuclear donors in SCNT, for enhanced post-blastocyst development, implantation, and pregnancy outcomes. We further validated EFs as a source for CRISPR/Cas genome editing with overall editing frequencies comparable to that of FFs. Taken together, we established an alternative and efficient pipeline for genome editing and for the generation of genetically engineered animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hun Park
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
| | - Young-Hee Jeoung
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
| | - Luhui Zhang
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Ki-Eun Park
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
| | - Jerel Waters
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
| | - Bhanu P. Telugu
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Bhanu P. Telugu,
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3
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Hamad S, Derichsweiler D, Gaspar JA, Brockmeier K, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A, Pfannkuche KP. High-efficient serum-free differentiation of endothelial cells from human iPS cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:251. [PMID: 35690874 PMCID: PMC9188069 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner lining of all blood vessels of the body play important roles in vascular tone regulation, hormone secretion, anticoagulation, regulation of blood cell adhesion and immune cell extravasation. Limitless ECs sources are required to further in vitro investigations of ECs’ physiology and pathophysiology as well as for tissue engineering approaches. Ideally, the differentiation protocol avoids animal-derived components such as fetal serum and yields ECs at efficiencies that make further sorting obsolete for most applications.
Method Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are cultured under serum-free conditions and induced into mesodermal progenitor cells via stimulation of Wnt signaling for 24 h. Mesodermal progenitor cells are further differentiated into ECs by utilizing a combination of human vascular endothelial growth factor A165 (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt monohydrate (8Bro) and melatonin (Mel) for 48 h.
Result This combination generates hiPSC derived ECs (hiPSC-ECs) at a fraction of 90.9 ± 1.5% and is easily transferable from the two-dimensional (2D) monolayer into three-dimensional (3D) scalable bioreactor suspension cultures. hiPSC-ECs are positive for CD31, VE-Cadherin, von Willebrand factor and CD34. Furthermore, the majority of hiPSC-ECs express the vascular endothelial marker CD184 (CXCR4).
Conclusion The differentiation method presented here generates hiPSC-ECs in only 6 days, without addition of animal sera and at high efficiency, hence providing a scalable source of hiPSC-ECs.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02924-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarkawt Hamad
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Soran, Iraq
| | - Daniel Derichsweiler
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - John Antonydas Gaspar
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurt Paul Pfannkuche
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Marga-and-Walter-Boll Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Mamun MMA, Khan MR, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Xu R, Bukhari I, Thorne RF, Li J, Zhang XD, Liu G, Chen S, Wu M, Song X. Stub1 maintains proteostasis of master transcription factors in embryonic stem cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110919. [PMID: 35675767 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotency and differentiation states of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are regulated by a set of core transcription factors, primarily Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. Although their transcriptional regulation has been studied extensively, the contribution of posttranslational modifications in Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog are poorly understood. Here, using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library screen in murine ESCs, we identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase Stub1 as a negative regulator of pluripotency. Manipulation of Stub1 expression in murine ESCs shows that ectopic Stub1 expression significantly reduces the protein half-life of Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. Mechanistic investigations reveal Stub1 catalyzes the polyubiquitination and 26S proteasomal degradation of Sox2 and Nanog through K48-linked ubiquitin chains and Oct4 via K63 linkage. Stub1 deficiency positively enhances somatic cell reprogramming and delays differentiation, whereas its enforced expression triggers ESC differentiation. The discovery of Stub1 as an integral pluripotency regulator strengthens our understanding of ESC regulation beyond conventional transcriptional control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuz Al Mamun
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8 Canada
| | - Yifu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ran Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2258, Australia
| | - Jinming Li
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China.
| | - Mian Wu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Role of TGFβ1 and WNT6 in FGF2 and BMP4-driven endothelial differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:113-128. [PMID: 34478025 PMCID: PMC8813801 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ES) are a valuable source of endothelial cells. By co-culturing ES cells with the stromal PA6 cells, the endothelial commitment can be achieved by adding exogenous FGF2 or BMP4. In this work, the molecular pathways that direct the differentiation of ES cells toward endothelium in response to FGF2 are evaluated and compared to those activated by BMP4. To this purpose the genes expression profiles of both ES/PA6 co-cultures and of pure cultures of PA6 cells were obtained by microarray technique at different time points. The bioinformatics processing of the data indicated TGFβ1 as the most represented upstream regulator in FGF2-induced endothelial commitment while WNT pathway as the most represented in BMP4-activated endothelial differentiation. Loss of function experiments were performed to validate the importance of TGFβ1 and WNT6 respectively in FGF2 and BMP4-induced endothelial differentiation. The loss of TGFβ1 expression significantly impaired the accomplishment of the endothelial commitment unless exogenous recombinant TGFβ1 was added to the culture medium. Similarly, silencing WNT6 expression partially affected the endothelial differentiation of the ES cells upon BMP4 stimulation. Such dysfunction was recovered by the addition of recombinant WNT6 to the culture medium. The ES/PA6 co-culture system recreates an in vitro complete microenvironment in which endothelial commitment is accomplished in response to alternative signals through different mechanisms. Given the importance of WNT and TGFβ1 in mediating the crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells this work adds new insights in the mechanism of tumor angiogenesis and of its possible inhibition.
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Kubik MJ, Wyczanska M, Gasparitsch M, Keller U, Weber S, Schaefer F, Lange-Sperandio B. Renal developmental genes are differentially regulated after unilateral ureteral obstruction in neonatal and adult mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19302. [PMID: 33168884 PMCID: PMC7653944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital obstructive nephropathy hinders normal kidney development. The severity and the duration of obstruction determine the compensatory growth of the contralateral, intact opposite kidney. We investigated the regulation of renal developmental genes, that are relevant in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in obstructed and contralateral (intact opposite) kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in neonatal and adult mice. Newborn and adult mice were subjected to complete UUO or sham-operation, and were sacrificed 1, 5, 12 and 19 days later. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed in obstructed, intact opposite kidneys and sham controls for Gdnf, Pax2, Six4, Six2, Dach1, Eya1, Bmp4, and Hnf-1β. Neonatal UUO induced an early and strong upregulation of all genes. In contrast, adult UUO kidneys showed a delayed and less pronounced upregulation. Intact opposite kidneys of neonatal mice revealed a strong upregulation of all developmental genes, whereas intact opposite kidneys of adult mice demonstrated only a weak response. Only neonatal mice exhibited an increase in BMP4 protein expression whereas adult kidneys strongly upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase class III, essential for compensatory hypertrophy. In conclusion, gene regulation differs in neonatal and adult mice with UUO. Repair and compensatory hypertrophy involve different genetic programs in developing and adult obstructed kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Kubik
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja Wyczanska
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Mojca Gasparitsch
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Keller
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weber
- University Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Lange-Sperandio
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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Miao S, Zhao D, Wang X, Ni X, Fang X, Yu M, Ye L, Yang J, Wu H, Han X, Qu L, Li L, Lan F, Shen Z, Lei W, Zhao ZA, Hu S. Retinoic acid promotes metabolic maturation of human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes. Theranostics 2020; 10:9686-9701. [PMID: 32863954 PMCID: PMC7449904 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) represent a promising cell source for heart repair, disease modeling and drug testing. However, improving the differentiation efficiency and maturation of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) is still a major concern. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling plays multiple roles in heart development. However, the effects of RA on cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency and maturation are still unknown. Methods: RA was added at different time intervals to identify the best treatment windows for cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation. The efficiency of cardiomyocyte differentiation was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Cardiomyocytes maturation was detected by immunofluorescence staining, metabolic assays and patch clamp to verify structural, metabolic and electrophysiological maturation, respectively. RNA sequencing was used for splicing analysis. Results: We found that RA treatment at the lateral mesoderm stage (days 2-4) significantly improved cardiomyocyte differentiation, as evidenced by the upregulation of TNNT2, NKX2.5 and MYH6 on day 10 of differentiation. In addition, flow cytometry showed that the proportion of differentiated cardiomyocytes in the RA-treated group was significantly higher than that in control group. RA treatment on days 15-20 increased cardiomyocyte area, sarcomere length, multinucleation and mitochondrial copy number. RNA sequencing revealed RA promoted RNA isoform switch to the maturation-related form. Meanwhile, RA promoted electrophysiological maturation and calcium handling of hESC-CMs. Importantly, RA-treated cardiomyocytes showed decreased glycolysis and enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, with the increased utilization of fatty acid and exogenous pyruvate but not glutamine. Conclusion: Our data indicated that RA treatment at an early time window (days 2-4) promotes the efficiency of cardiomyocyte differentiation and that RA treatment post beating (days 15-20) promotes cardiomyocyte maturation. The biphasic effects of RA provide new insights for improving cardiomyocyte differentiation and quality.
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Sladitschek HL, Neveu PA. A gene regulatory network controls the balance between mesendoderm and ectoderm at pluripotency exit. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e9043. [PMID: 31885203 PMCID: PMC6896232 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, differentiation of pluripotent cells into somatic cell types depends both on signaling cues and intrinsic gene expression programs. While the molecular underpinnings of pluripotency are well mapped, much less is known on how mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) differentiate. Using RNA-Seq profiling during specification to the three germ layers, we showed that mESCs switched on condition-specific gene expression programs from the onset of the differentiation procedure and that primed pluripotency did not constitute an obligatory intermediate state. After inferring the gene network controlling mESC differentiation, we tested the role of the highly connected nodes by deleting them in a triple knock-in Sox1-Brachyury-Eomes mESC line reporting on ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm fates. This led to the identification of regulators of mESC differentiation that acted at several levels: Sp1 as a global break on differentiation, Nr5a2 controlling ectoderm specification, and notably Fos:Jun and Zfp354c as opposite switches between ectoderm and mesendoderm fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L Sladitschek
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryCell Biology and Biophysics UnitHeidelbergGermany
- Present address:
Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Padua School of MedicinePaduaItaly
| | - Pierre A Neveu
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryCell Biology and Biophysics UnitHeidelbergGermany
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Burrell K, Dardari R, Goldsmith T, Toms D, Villagomez DAF, King WA, Ungrin M, West FD, Dobrinski I. Stirred Suspension Bioreactor Culture of Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1264-1275. [PMID: 31264514 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine and the development of therapies, as they can proliferate indefinitely under defined conditions and differentiate into any cell type in the body. Large-scale expansion of cells is limited in adherent culture, making it difficult to obtain adequate cell numbers for research. It has been previously shown that stirred suspension bioreactors (SSBs) can be used to culture mouse and human stem cells. Pigs are important preclinical models for stem cell research. Therefore, this study investigated the use of SSBs as an alternative culture method for the expansion of iPSCs. Using an established porcine iPSC (piPSC) line as well as a new cell line derived and characterized in the current study, we report that piPSCs can grow in SSB while maintaining characteristics of pluripotency and karyotypic stability similar to cells grown in traditional two-dimensional static culture. This culture method provides a suitable platform for scale-up of cell culture to provide adequate cell numbers for future research applications involving piPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Burrell
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rkia Dardari
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Taylor Goldsmith
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniel A F Villagomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Allan King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Franklin D West
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ina Dobrinski
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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10
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Shparberg RA, Glover HJ, Morris MB. Modeling Mammalian Commitment to the Neural Lineage Using Embryos and Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:705. [PMID: 31354503 PMCID: PMC6637848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early mammalian embryogenesis relies on a large range of cellular and molecular mechanisms to guide cell fate. In this highly complex interacting system, molecular circuitry tightly controls emergent properties, including cell differentiation, proliferation, morphology, migration, and communication. These molecular circuits include those responsible for the control of gene and protein expression, as well as metabolism and epigenetics. Due to the complexity of this circuitry and the relative inaccessibility of the mammalian embryo in utero, mammalian neural commitment remains one of the most challenging and poorly understood areas of developmental biology. In order to generate the nervous system, the embryo first produces two pluripotent populations, the inner cell mass and then the primitive ectoderm. The latter is the cellular substrate for gastrulation from which the three multipotent germ layers form. The germ layer definitive ectoderm, in turn, is the substrate for multipotent neurectoderm (neural plate and neural tube) formation, representing the first morphological signs of nervous system development. Subsequent patterning of the neural tube is then responsible for the formation of most of the central and peripheral nervous systems. While a large number of studies have assessed how a competent neurectoderm produces mature neural cells, less is known about the molecular signatures of definitive ectoderm and neurectoderm and the key molecular mechanisms driving their formation. Using pluripotent stem cells as a model, we will discuss the current understanding of how the pluripotent inner cell mass transitions to pluripotent primitive ectoderm and sequentially to the multipotent definitive ectoderm and neurectoderm. We will focus on the integration of cell signaling, gene activation, and epigenetic control that govern these developmental steps, and provide insight into the novel growth factor-like role that specific amino acids, such as L-proline, play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael B. Morris
- Embryonic Stem Cell Laboratory, Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Janesick A, Tang W, Shioda T, Blumberg B. RARγ is required for mesodermal gene expression prior to gastrulation in Xenopus. Development 2018; 145:dev147769. [PMID: 30111657 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The developing vertebrate embryo is exquisitely sensitive to retinoic acid (RA) concentration, particularly during anteroposterior patterning. In contrast to Nodal and Wnt signaling, RA was not previously considered to be an instructive signal in mesoderm formation during gastrulation. Here, we show in Xenopus that RARγ is indispensable for the expression of early mesoderm markers and is, therefore, an obligatory factor in mesodermal competence and/or maintenance. We identified several novel targets upregulated by RA receptor signaling in the early gastrula that are expressed in the circumblastoporal ring and linked to mesodermal development. Despite overlapping expression patterns of the genes encoding the RA-synthesizing enzyme Aldh1a2 and the RA-degrading enzyme Cyp26a1, RARγ1 functions as a transcriptional activator in early mesoderm development, suggesting that RA ligand is available to the embryo earlier than previously appreciated. RARγ1 is required for cellular adhesion, as revealed by spontaneous dissociation and depletion of ncam1 mRNA in animal caps harvested from RARγ1 knockdown embryos. RARγ1 knockdown obliterates somite boundaries, and causes loss of Myod protein in the presomitic mesoderm, but ectopic, persistent expression of Myod protein in the trunk. Thus, RARγ1 is required for stabilizing the mesodermal fate, myogenic commitment, somite boundary formation, and terminal skeletal muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Janesick
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2300, USA
| | - Weiyi Tang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2300, USA
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2300, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
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12
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Chen Y, Xu H, Lin G. Generation of iPSC-derived limb progenitor-like cells for stimulating phalange regeneration in the adult mouse. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17046. [PMID: 29263795 PMCID: PMC5735367 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of digit tip regeneration observed both in rodents and humans establishes a foundation for promoting robust regeneration in mammals. However, stimulating regeneration at more proximal levels, such as the middle phalanges (P2) of the adult mouse, remains challenging. Having shown the effectiveness of transplantation of limb progenitor cells in stimulating limb regeneration in Xenopus, we are now applying the cell transplantation approach to the adult mouse. Here we report that both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived limb progenitor-like cells can promote adult mouse P2 regeneration. We have established a simple and efficient protocol for deriving limb progenitor-like cells from mouse iPSCs. iPSCs are cultured as three-dimensional fibrin bodies, followed by treatment with combinations of Fgf8, CHIR99021, Purmorphamine and SB43542 during differentiation. These iPSC-derived limb progenitor-like cells resemble embryonic limb mesenchyme cells in their expression of limb-related genes. After transplantation, the limb progenitor-like cells can promote adult mouse P2 regeneration, as embryonic limb bud cells do. Our results provide a basis for further developing progenitor cell-based approaches for improving regeneration in the adult mouse limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hanqian Xu
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gufa Lin
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Shirzeyli MH, Khanlarkhani N, Amidi F, Shirzeyli FH, Aval FS, Sobhani A. Bones Morphogenic Protein-4 and retinoic acid combined treatment comparative analysis for in vitro differentiation potential of murine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue into germ cells. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:1151-1160. [PMID: 28921810 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, infertility is no longer considered as an unsolvable disorder due to progresses in germ cells derived from stem lineage with diverse origins. Technical and ethical challenges push researchers to investigate various tissue sources to approach more efficient gametes. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the efficacy of a combined medium, retinoic acid (RA) together with Bone Morphogenic Protein-4 (BMP4), on differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCs) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) into germ cells. Murine MSCs were obtained from both Bone Marrow (BM) and Adipose Tissue (AT) samples and were analyzed for surface markers to get further verification of their nature. BMMSCs and ADMSCs were induced into osteogenic and adipogenic lineage cells respectively, to examine their multipotency. They were finally differentiated into germ cells using media enriched with BMP4 for 4 days followed by addition of RA for 7 days (11 days in total). Analyzing of differentiation potential of BMMSCs- and ADMSCs were performed via Immunofluorescence, Flowcytometry and Real time-PCR techniques for germ cell-specific markers (Mvh, Dazl, Stra8 and Scp3). Mesenchymal surface markers (CD90 and CD44) were expressed on both BMMSCs and ADMSCs, while endothelial and hematopoietic cell markers (CD31 and CD45) had no expression. Finally, all germ-specific markers were expressed in both BM and AT. Although germ cells differentiated from ADMSCs showed faster growth and proliferation as well as easy collection, they significantly expressed germ-specific markers lower than BMMSCs. This suggests stronger differentiation potential of murine BMMSCs than ADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam H Shirzeyli
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Khanlarkhani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad H Shirzeyli
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoon S Aval
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Aligholi Sobhani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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MyD88 is an essential component of retinoic acid-induced differentiation in human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1975-1986. [PMID: 28885616 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is downregulated during all-trans retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of pluripotent NTera2 human embryonal carcinoma cells (hECCs), whereas its maintained expression is associated with RA differentiation resistance in nullipotent 2102Ep hECCs. MyD88 is the main adapter for toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, where it determines the secretion of chemokines and cytokines in response to pathogens. In this study, we report that loss of MyD88 is essential for RA-facilitated differentiation of hECCs. Functional analysis using a specific MyD88 peptide inhibitor (PepInh) demonstrated that high MyD88 expression in the self-renewal state inhibits the expression of a specific set of HOX genes. In NTera2 cells, MyD88 is downregulated during RA-induced differentiation, a mechanism that could be broadly replicated by MyD88 PepInh treatment of 2102Ep cells. Notably, MyD88 inhibition transitioned 2102Ep cells into a stable, self-renewing state that appears to be primed for differentiation upon addition of RA. At a molecular level, MyD88 inhibition combined with RA treatment upregulated HOX, RA signalling and TLR signalling genes. These events permit differentiation through a standard downregulation of Oct4-Sox2-Nanog mechanism. In line with its role in regulating secretion of specific proteins, conditioned media experiments demonstrated that differentiated (MyD88 low) NTera2 cell media was sufficient to differentiate NTera2 cells. Protein array analysis indicated that this was owing to secretion of factors known to regulate angiogenesis, neurogenesis and all three branches of TGF-β Superfamily signalling. Collectively, these data offer new insights into RA controlled differentiation of pluripotent cells, with notable parallels to the ground state model of embryonic stem cell self-renewal. These data may provide insights to facilitate improved differentiation protocols for regenerative medicine and differentiation-therapies in cancer treatment.
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15
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Fazeli Z, Omrani MD, Ghaderian SMH. Down-regulation of nestin in mesenchymal stem cells derived from peripheral blood through blocking bone morphogenesis pathway. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:273-282. [PMID: 27287702 PMCID: PMC5143318 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Different signaling pathways are implicated in proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Bone Morphogenesis Pathway (BMP) signaling was known to display an important function in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the present study, the authors investigated whether blocking BMP signaling was associated with down regulation of Nestin expression as neural stem cell marker in peripheral blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs). At first, MSCs were isolated from peripheral blood by plastic adherent ability and flow cytometry analysis. After reaching the confluence, the cells were treated with medium containing Noggin as antagonist of BMP signaling upon 8 days. Real time PCR analysis indicated that the expression of Nestin was diminished in PB-MSCs by attenuating BMP signaling. The obtained results suggested that BMP signaling might have a regulatory function on the Nestin expression in mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fazeli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Shahid Labbafi Nejad Educational Hospital, Amir Ebrahimi St, Pasdaran Ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Shahid Labbafi Nejad Educational Hospital, Amir Ebrahimi St, Pasdaran Ave, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Lim KL, Teoh HK, Choong PF, Teh HX, Cheong SK, Kamarul T. Reprogramming cancer cells: overview & current progress. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:941-51. [PMID: 27070264 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1174211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is a disease with genetic and epigenetic origins, and the possible effects of reprogramming cancer cells using the defined sets of transcription factors remain largely uninvestigated. In the handful of publications available so far, findings have shown that reprogramming cancer cells changed the characteristics of the cells to differ from the parental cancer cells. These findings indicated the possibility of utilizing reprogramming technology to create a disease model in the laboratory to be used in studying the molecular pathogenesis or for drug screening of a particular cancer model. AREAS COVERED Despite numerous methods employed in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from cancer cells only a few studies have successfully reprogrammed malignant human cells. In this review we will provide an overview on i) methods to reprogram cancer cells, ii) characterization of the reprogrammed cancer cells, and iii) the differential effects of reprogramming on malignancy, epigenetics and response of the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. EXPERT OPINION Continued technical progress in cancer cell reprogramming technology will be instrumental for more refined in vitro disease models and ultimately for the development of directed and personalized therapy for cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Lam Lim
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia
| | - Hoon Koon Teoh
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.,b PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Malaysia
| | - Pei Feng Choong
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.,b PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Malaysia
| | - Hui Xin Teh
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- c Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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17
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Histone H4 acetylation and the epigenetic reader Brd4 are critical regulators of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:95. [PMID: 26847871 PMCID: PMC4740988 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pluripotent cells can be differentiated into many different cell types in vitro. Successful differentiation is guided in large part by epigenetic reprogramming and regulation of critical gene expression patterns. Recent genome-wide studies have identified the distribution of different histone-post-translational modifications (PTMs) in various conditions and during cellular differentiation. However, our understanding of the abundance of histone PTMs and their regulatory mechanisms still remain unknown. Results Here, we present a quantitative and comprehensive study of the abundance levels of histone PTMs during the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using mass spectrometry (MS). We observed dynamic changes of histone PTMs including increased H3K9 methylation levels in agreement with previously reported results. More importantly, we found a global decrease of multiply acetylated histone H4 peptides. Brd4 targets acetylated H4 with a strong affinity to multiply modified H4 acetylation sites. We observed that the protein levels of Brd4 decreased upon differentiation together with global histone H4 acetylation. Inhibition of Brd4:histone H4 interaction by the BET domain inhibitor (+)-JQ1 in ESCs results in enhanced differentiation to the endodermal lineage, by disrupting the protein abundance dynamics. Genome-wide ChIP-seq mapping showed that Brd4 and H4 acetylation are co-occupied in the genome, upstream of core pluripotency genes such as Oct4 and Nanog in ESCs and lineage-specific genes in embryoid bodies (EBs). Conclusions Together, our data demonstrate the fundamental role of Brd4 in monitoring cell differentiation through its interaction with acetylated histone marks and disruption of Brd4 may cause aberrant differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2414-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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Świerczek B, Ciemerych MA, Archacka K. From pluripotency to myogenesis: a multistep process in the dish. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:363-75. [PMID: 26715014 PMCID: PMC4762919 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells are a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine as they can differentiate into all cell types building a mammalian body. However, protocols leading to efficient and safe in vitro generation of desired cell types must be perfected before PSCs can be used in cell therapies or tissue engineering. In vivo, i.e. in developing mouse embryo or teratoma, PSCs can differentiate into skeletal muscle, but in vitro their spontaneous differentiation into myogenic cells is inefficient. Numerous attempts have been undertaken to enhance this process. Many of them involved mimicking the interactions occurring during embryonic myogenesis. The key regulators of embryonic myogenesis, such as Wnts proteins, fibroblast growth factor 2, and retinoic acid, have been tested to improve the frequency of in vitro myogenic differentiation of PSCs. This review summarizes the current state of the art, comparing spontaneous and directed myogenic differentiation of PSCs as well as the protocols developed this far to facilitate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Świerczek
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria A Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Archacka
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Sladitschek HL, Neveu PA. The bimodally expressed microRNA miR-142 gates exit from pluripotency. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:850. [PMID: 26690966 PMCID: PMC4704488 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A stem cell's decision to self‐renew or differentiate is thought to critically depend on signaling cues provided by its environment. It is unclear whether stem cells have the intrinsic capacity to control their responsiveness to environmental signals that can be fluctuating and noisy. Using a novel single‐cell microRNA activity reporter, we show that miR‐142 is bimodally expressed in embryonic stem cells, creating two states indistinguishable by pluripotency markers. A combination of modeling and quantitative experimental data revealed that mESCs switch stochastically between the two miR‐142 states. We find that cells with high miR‐142 expression are irresponsive to differentiation signals while cells with low miR‐142 expression can respond to differentiation cues. We elucidate the molecular mechanism underpinning the bimodal regulation of miR‐142 as a double‐negative feedback loop between miR‐142 and KRAS/ERK signaling and derive a quantitative description of this bistable system. miR‐142 switches the activation status of key intracellular signaling pathways thereby locking cells in an undifferentiated state. This reveals a novel mechanism to maintain a stem cell reservoir buffered against fluctuating signaling environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L Sladitschek
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre A Neveu
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Lee D, Ryu JH, Lee ST, Nam YK, Kim DS, Gong SP. Identification of embryonic stem cell activities in an embryonic cell line derived from marine medaka (Oryzias dancena). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1569-1576. [PMID: 26239820 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify embryonic stem cell (ESC) activities of a long-term cultured embryonic cell line previously derived from blastula-stage Oryzias dancena embryos. Five sub-cell lines were established from the embryonic cell line via clonal expansion of single cells. ESC activities, including clonogenicity, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and differentiation capacity, were examined in the five sub-cell lines. We observed both clonogenicity and AP activity in all five sub-cell lines, but the proportion of cells that exhibited both properties was significantly different among them. Even though we detected different formation rates and sizes of embryoid body (EB) among these cells, all lines were stably able to form EBs and further induction for differentiation showed their capability to differentiate into other cell types in a spontaneous manner. From this study, we determined that the embryonic cell lines examined possessed heterogeneous ESC activities and can be utilized as a marine model system for fish ESC-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Ryu
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - Yoon Kwon Nam
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
- Department of Marine Biomaterials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Kim
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
- Department of Marine Biomaterials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Seung Pyo Gong
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea.
- Department of Marine Biomaterials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea.
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21
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Yang J, Wang W, Ooi J, Campos LS, Lu L, Liu P. Signalling Through Retinoic Acid Receptors is Required for Reprogramming of Both Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells and Epiblast Stem Cells to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1390-404. [PMID: 25546009 PMCID: PMC4863141 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that coexpressing retinoic acid (RA) receptor gamma and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH1 or NR5A2) with OCT4, MYC, KLF4, and SOX2 (4F) rapidly reprograms mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we further explore the role of RA in reprogramming and report that the six factors (6F) efficiently and directly reprogram MEFs into integration-free iPSCs in defined medium (N2B27) in the absence of feeder cells. Through genetic and chemical approaches, we find that RA signalling is essential, in a highly dose-sensitive manner, for MEF reprogramming. The removal of exogenous RA from N2B27, the inhibition of endogenous RA synthesis or the expression of a dominant-negative form of RARA severely impedes reprogramming. By contrast, supplementing N2B27 with various retinoids substantially boosts reprogramming. In addition, when coexpressed with LRH1, RA receptors (RARs) can promote reprogramming in the absence of both exogenous and endogenously synthesized RA. Remarkably, the reprogramming of epiblast stem cells into embryonic stem cell-like cells also requires low levels of RA, which can modulate Wnt signalling through physical interactions of RARs with β-catenin. These results highlight the important functions of RA signalling in reprogramming somatic cells and primed stem cells to naïve pluripotency. Stem Cells 2015;33:1390-1404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Wei Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jolene Ooi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Lia S. Campos
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Liming Lu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Shanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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22
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Galvagni F, Lentucci C, Neri F, Dettori D, De Clemente C, Orlandini M, Anselmi F, Rapelli S, Grillo M, Borghi S, Oliviero S. Snai1 Promotes ESC Exit from the Pluripotency by Direct Repression of Self-Renewal Genes. Stem Cells 2015; 33:742-50. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Galvagni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Claudia Lentucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena; Siena Italy
| | | | | | - Caterina De Clemente
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena; Siena Italy
| | | | - Stefania Rapelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena; Siena Italy
- HuGeF; Torino Italy
| | - Michela Grillo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Sara Borghi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- HuGeF; Torino Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Biologia Dei Sistemi; Università di Torino; Torino Italy
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23
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Zschemisch NH, Eisenblätter R, Rudolph C, Glage S, Dorsch M. Immortalized tumor derived rat fibroblasts as feeder cells facilitate the cultivation of male embryonic stem cells from the rat strain WKY/Ztm. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:588. [PMID: 25332888 PMCID: PMC4197200 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Feeder cells are essential for the establishment and culture of pluripotent rat embryonic stem cells (ESC) in vitro. Therefore, we tested several fibroblast and epithelial cell lines derived from the female genital tract as feeder cells to further improve ESC culture conditions. The immortalized tumor derived rat fibroblast TRF-O3 cells isolated from a Dnd1-deficient teratoma were identified as optimal feeder cells supporting stemness and proliferation of rat ESC. The TRF-O3 cells were characterized as myofibroblasts by expression of fibroblast specific genes alpha-2 type I collagen, collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha (II), vimentin, S100A4, and smooth muscle α-actin. Culture of inner cell masses (ICM) derived from WKY/Ztm rat blastocysts in 2i-LIF medium on TRF-O3 feeder cells lacking LIF, SCF and FGF2 expression resulted in pluripotent and germ-line competent rat ESC lines. Therein, genotyping confirmed up to 26% male ESC lines. On the other hand the TRF-O3 specific BMP4 expression was correlated with transcriptional activity of the mesodermal marker T-brachyury and the ectoderm specific nestin in the ESC line ES21 demonstrating mesodermal or ectodermal cell lineage differentiation processes within the ESC population. Substitution of 2i-LIF by serum-containing YPAC medium supplemented with TGF-β and rho kinase inhibitors or by 4i medium in combination with TRF-O3 feeder cells led to enhanced differentiation of ES21 cells and freshly isolated ICMs. These results suggest that the ESC culture conditions using TRF-O3 feeder cells and 2i-LIF medium supported the establishment of male ESC lines from WKY/Ztm rats, which represent a favored, permissive genetic background for rat ESC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils-Holger Zschemisch
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Eisenblätter
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Rudolph
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Dorsch
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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24
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Agrawal P, Reynolds J, Chew S, Lamba DA, Hughes RE. DEPTOR is a stemness factor that regulates pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31818-31826. [PMID: 25258312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates stem cell regeneration and differentiation in response to growth factors, nutrients, cellular energetics, and various extrinsic stressors. Inhibition of mTOR activity has been shown to enhance the regenerative potential of pluripotent stem cells. DEPTOR is the only known endogenous inhibitor of all known cellular mTOR functions. We show that DEPTOR plays a key role in maintaining stem cell pluripotency by limiting mTOR activity in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs). DEPTOR levels dramatically decrease with differentiation of mouse ESCs, and knockdown of DEPTOR is sufficient to promote ESC differentiation. A strong decrease in DEPTOR expression is also observed during human ESCs differentiation. Furthermore, reduction in DEPTOR level during differentiation is accompanied by a corresponding increase in mTOR complex 1 activity in mouse ESCs. Our data provide evidence that DEPTOR is a novel stemness factor that promotes pluripotency and self-renewal in ESCs by inhibiting mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Agrawal
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945 and
| | - Joseph Reynolds
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945 and
| | - Shereen Chew
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945 and
| | - Deepak A Lamba
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945 and; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104.
| | - Robert E Hughes
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945 and
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25
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Wang R, Wang J, Acharya D, Paul AM, Bai F, Huang F, Guo YL. Antiviral responses in mouse embryonic stem cells: differential development of cellular mechanisms in type I interferon production and response. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25186-98. [PMID: 24966329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are deficient in expressing type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infection and synthetic viral RNA analogs (Wang, R., Wang, J., Paul, A. M., Acharya, D., Bai, F., Huang, F., and Guo, Y. L. (2013) J. Biol. Chem. 288, 15926-15936). Here, we report that mESCs are able to respond to type I IFNs, express IFN-stimulated genes, and mediate the antiviral effect of type I IFNs against La Crosse virus and chikungunya virus. The major signaling components in the IFN pathway are expressed in mESCs. Therefore, the basic molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of type I IFNs are functional in mESCs; however, these mechanisms may not yet be fully developed as mESCs express lower levels of IFN-stimulated genes and display weaker antiviral activity in response to type I IFNs when compared with fibroblasts. Further analysis demonstrated that type I IFNs do not affect the stem cell state of mESCs. We conclude that mESCs are deficient in type I IFN expression, but they can respond to and mediate the cellular effects of type I IFNs. These findings represent unique and uncharacterized properties of mESCs and are important for understanding innate immunity development and ESC physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jundi Wang
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
| | | | | | - Fengwei Bai
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
| | - Faqing Huang
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Yan-Lin Guo
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
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26
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Task K, D'Amore A, Singh S, Candiello J, Jaramillo M, Wagner WR, Kumta P, Banerjee I. Systems level approach reveals the correlation of endoderm differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells with specific microstructural cues of fibrin gels. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140009. [PMID: 24718448 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells receive numerous cues from their associated substrate that help to govern their behaviour. However, identification of influential substrate characteristics poses difficulties because of their complex nature. In this study, we developed an integrated experimental and systems level modelling approach to investigate and identify specific substrate features influencing differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) on a model fibrous substrate, fibrin. We synthesized a range of fibrin gels by varying fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations, which led to a range of substrate stiffness and microstructure. mESCs were cultured on each of these gels, and characterization of the differentiated cells revealed a strong influence of substrate modulation on gene expression patterning. To identify specific substrate features influencing differentiation, the substrate microstructure was quantified by image analysis and correlated with stem cell gene expression patterns using a statistical model. Significant correlations were observed between differentiation and microstructure features, specifically fibre alignment. Furthermore, this relationship occurred in a lineage-specific manner towards endoderm. This systems level approach allows for identification of specific substrate features from a complex material which are influential to cellular behaviour. Such analysis may be effective in guiding the design of scaffolds with specific properties for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Task
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Duryagina R, Thieme S, Anastassiadis K, Werner C, Schneider S, Wobus M, Brenner S, Bornhäuser M. Overexpression of Jagged-1 and Its Intracellular Domain in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Differentially Affect the Interaction with Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2736-50. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Duryagina
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thieme
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Anastassiadis
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- BioInnovations Center Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Schneider
- BioInnovations Center Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brenner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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28
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Shi C, Huang Y, Wang Y, Yang T, Yang J. Lef1 contributes to the differentiation of bulge stem cells by nuclear translocation and cross-talk with the Notch signaling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:738-46. [PMID: 23630438 PMCID: PMC3638297 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid enhancer binding factor-1 (Lef1) is an essential regulatory protein in the Wnt signal pathway, which controls cell growth and differentiation. Investigators in the field of skin biology have confirmed that multipotent bulge stem cells (BSCs) are responsible for hair follicle development and regeneration. However, the role of Lef1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the pattern of Lef1 expression at different stages of the hair growth cycle. Lef1 was strongly expressed during anagen but attenuated in both catagen- and telogen-phase hair follicles in vivo. When stem cells were induced to differentiate toward a hair fate in a co-culture system, Lef1 was notably up-regulated and accumulated in the nucleus, appearing to activate the target protein c-myc and jagged1. Simultaneously, the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways were co-activated, as confirmed by the increased expression of β-catenin and notch1. Plasmids expressing Lef1 and ΔNLef1, a construct in which the β-catenin-binding domain of Lef1 was deleted, were used to evaluate the effects of Lef1 on stem cell differentiation. Lef1 overexpression promoted bulge stem cell differentiation toward a hair fate, which was accompanied by the subsequent migration of β-catenin into the nucleus, whereas no changes were observed in the control group. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Lef1 plays an important role in bulge stem cell differentiation, promoting β-catenin translocation into the nucleus, activating downstream signaling molecules, eventually causing hair follicle bulge stem cells to adopt the hair fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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