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Maqoud F, Simone L, Tricarico D, Camerino GM, Antonacci M, Nicchia GP. The Functional Interaction of KATP and BK Channels with Aquaporin-4 in the U87 Glioblastoma Cell. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1891. [PMID: 39200356 PMCID: PMC11351575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
K+ channels do play a role in cell shape changes observed during cell proliferation and apoptosis. Research suggested that the dynamics of the aggregation of Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) into AQP4-OAP isoforms can trigger cell shape changes in malignant glioma cells. Here, we investigated the relationship between AQP4 and some K+ channels in the malignant glioma U87 line. The U87 cells transfected with the human M1-AQP4 and M23-AQP4 isoforms were investigated for morphology, the gene expression of KCNJ8, KCNJ11, ABCC8, ABCC9, KCNMA1, and Cyclin genes by RT-PCR, recording the whole-cell K+ ion currents by patch-clamp experiments. AQP4 aggregation into OAPs increases the plasma membrane functional expression of the Kir6.2 and SUR2 subunits of the KATP channels and of the KCNMA1 of the BK channels in U87 cells leading to a large increase in inward and outward K+ ion currents. These changes were associated with changes in morphology, with a decrease in cell volume in the U87 cells and an increase in the ER density. These U87 cells accumulate in the mitotic and G2 cell cycle. The KATP channel blocker zoledronic acid reduced cell proliferation in both M23 AQP4-OAP and M1 AQP4-tetramer-transfected cells, leading to early and late apoptosis, respectively. The BK channel sustains the efflux of K+ ions associated with the M23 AQP4-OAP expression in the U87 cells, but it is downregulated in the M1 AQP4-tetramer cells. The KATP channels are effective in the M1 AQP4-tetramer and M23 AQP4-OAP cells. Zoledronic acid can be effective in targeting pathogenic M1 AQP4-tetramer cell phenotypes inhibiting KATP channels and inducing early apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.C.); (M.A.)
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, I.R.C.C.S. Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Laura Simone
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, snc, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Marina Antonacci
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
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Canella R, Brugnoli F, Gallo M, Keillor JW, Terrazzan A, Ferrari E, Grassilli S, Gates EWJ, Volinia S, Bertagnolo V, Bianchi N, Bergamini CM. A Multidisciplinary Approach Establishes a Link between Transglutaminase 2 and the Kv10.1 Voltage-Dependent K + Channel in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010178. [PMID: 36612174 PMCID: PMC9818547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the multifunctionality of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) includes extra- and intracellular functions, we investigated the effects of intracellular administration of TG2 inhibitors in three breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-468, which are representative of different triple-negative phenotypes, using a patch-clamp technique. The first cell line has a highly voltage-dependent a membrane current, which is low in the second and almost absent in the third one. While applying a voltage protocol to responsive single cells, injection of TG2 inhibitors triggered a significant decrease of the current in MDA-MB-231 that we attributed to voltage-dependent K+ channels using the specific inhibitors 4-aminopyridine and astemizole. Since the Kv10.1 channel plays a dominant role as a marker of cell migration and survival in breast cancer, we investigated its relationship with TG2 by immunoprecipitation. Our data reveal their physical interaction affects membrane currents in MDA-MB-231 but not in the less sensitive MDA-MB-436 cells. We further correlated the efficacy of TG2 inhibition with metabolic changes in the supernatants of treated cells, resulting in increased concentration of methyl- and dimethylamines, representing possible response markers. In conclusion, our findings highlight the interference of TG2 inhibitors with the Kv10.1 channel as a potential therapeutic tool depending on the specific features of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Canella
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Brugnoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariana Gallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W. Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eric W. J. Gates
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455854
| | - Carlo M. Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Kozyra P, Krasowska D, Pitucha M. New Potential Agents for Malignant Melanoma Treatment-Most Recent Studies 2020-2022. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6084. [PMID: 35682764 PMCID: PMC9180979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most lethal skin cancer. Despite a 4% reduction in mortality over the past few years, an increasing number of new diagnosed cases appear each year. Long-term therapy and the development of resistance to the drugs used drive the search for more and more new agents with anti-melanoma activity. This review focuses on the most recent synthesized anti-melanoma agents from 2020-2022. For selected agents, apart from the analysis of biological activity, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) is also discussed. To the best of our knowledge, the following literature review delivers the latest achievements in the field of new anti-melanoma agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Remigante A, Zuccolini P, Barbieri R, Ferrera L, Morabito R, Gavazzo P, Pusch M, Picco C. NS-11021 Modulates Cancer-Associated Processes Independently of BK Channels in Melanoma and Pancreatic Duct Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6144. [PMID: 34885254 PMCID: PMC8656804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels have emerged as regulators of carcinogenesis, thus introducing possible new therapeutic strategies in the fight against cancer. In particular, the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, often referred to as BK channel, is involved in several cancer-associated processes. Here, we investigated the effects of different BK activators, NS-11021, NS-19504, and BMS-191011, in IGR39 (primary melanoma cell line) and Panc-1 (primary pancreatic duct carcinoma cell line), highly expressing the channel, and in IGR37 (metastatic melanoma cell line) that barely express BK. Our data showed that NS-11021 and NS-19504 potently activated BK channels in IGR39 and Panc-1 cells, while no effect on channel activation was detected in IGR37 cells. On the contrary, BK channel activator BMS-191011 was less effective. However, only NS-11021 showed significant effects in cancer-associated processes, such as cell survival, migration, and proliferation in these cancer cell lines. Moreover, NS-11021 led to an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, independent of BK channel activation, thus complicating any interpretation of its role in the regulation of cancer-associated mechanisms. Overall, we conclude that the activation of the BK channel by itself is not sufficient to produce beneficial anti-cancer effects in the melanoma and PDAC cell lines examined. Importantly, our results raise an alarm flag regarding the use of presumably specific BK channel openers as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Remigante
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.R.); (P.Z.); (R.B.); (P.G.); (C.P.)
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Paolo Zuccolini
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.R.); (P.Z.); (R.B.); (P.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Raffaella Barbieri
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.R.); (P.Z.); (R.B.); (P.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Loretta Ferrera
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Paola Gavazzo
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.R.); (P.Z.); (R.B.); (P.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Michael Pusch
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.R.); (P.Z.); (R.B.); (P.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristiana Picco
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.R.); (P.Z.); (R.B.); (P.G.); (C.P.)
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TRPM2 Oxidation Activates Two Distinct Potassium Channels in Melanoma Cells through Intracellular Calcium Increase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168359. [PMID: 34445066 PMCID: PMC8393965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are often characterized by an increase in oxidative stress levels. We studied the response to oxidative stimulation in human primary (IGR39) or metastatic (IGR37) cell lines obtained from the same patient, performing patch-clamp recordings, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) imaging, and RT-qPCR gene expression analysis. In IGR39 cells, chloramine-T (Chl-T) activated large K+ currents (KROS) that were partially sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA). A large fraction of KROS was inhibited by paxilline—a specific inhibitor of large-conductance Ca2+-activated BK channels. The TEA-insensitive component was inhibited by senicapoc—a specific inhibitor of the Ca2+-activated KCa3.1 channel. Both BK and KCa3.1 activation were mediated by an increase in [Ca2+]i induced by Chl-T. Both KROS and [Ca2+]i increase were inhibited by ACA and clotrimazole—two different inhibitors of the calcium-permeable TRPM2 channel. Surprisingly, IGR37 cells did not exhibit current increase upon the application of Chl-T. Expression analysis confirmed that the genes encoding BK, KCa3.1, and TRPM2 are much more expressed in IGR39 than in IGR37. The potassium currents and [Ca2+]i increase observed in response to the oxidizing agent strongly suggest that these three molecular entities play a major role in the progression of melanoma. Pharmacological targeting of either of these ion channels could be a new strategy to reduce the metastatic potential of melanoma cells, and could complement classical radio- or chemotherapeutic treatments.
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Pedersen SF, Flinck M, Pardo LA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Ion Transport and Mitochondrial Architecture as a Dangerous Liaison in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105209. [PMID: 34069047 PMCID: PMC8156689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport of ions and nutrients is a core mitochondrial function, without which there would be no mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production. Both ion homeostasis and mitochondrial phenotype undergo pervasive changes during cancer development, and both play key roles in driving the malignancy. However, the link between these events has been largely ignored. This review comprehensively summarizes and critically discusses the role of the reciprocal relationship between ion transport and mitochondria in crucial cellular functions, including metabolism, signaling, and cell fate decisions. We focus on Ca2+, H+, and K+, which play essential and highly interconnected roles in mitochondrial function and are profoundly dysregulated in cancer. We describe the transport and roles of these ions in normal mitochondria, summarize the changes occurring during cancer development, and discuss how they might impact tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine F. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (S.F.P.); (L.A.P.)
| | - Mette Flinck
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Luis A. Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.F.P.); (L.A.P.)
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Hu S, Han R, Chen L, Qin W, Xu X, Shi J, Zhu X, Zhang M, Zeng C, Tang Z, Bao H, Liu Z. Upregulated LRRC55 promotes BK channel activation and aggravates cell injury in podocytes. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20192373. [PMID: 33346797 PMCID: PMC7756252 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a common hallmark in various glomerular diseases. The level of LRRC55 was increased in podocytes of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and membranous nephropathy (MN). Upregulated LRRC55 and increased intracellular Ca2+ led to BK channel activation and the loss of intracellular potassium, resulting in apoptosome formation and caspase-3 activation in angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated podocytes. Knockout of Lrrc55 or the BK channel prevented the BK current and ameliorated podocyte injury in Ang II-treated mice. Upstream, NFATc3 regulated the expression of LRRC55. Increased LRRC55 expression in podocytes was also evident in animal models of FSGS, DN, and MN. Treatment with losartan or LRRC55 siRNA suppressed LRRC55 expression, prevented BK channel activation, and attenuated podocyte injury in animal models of FSGS, DN, and MN. In conclusion, upregulated LRRC55 promotes BK channel activation and aggravates cell injury in podocytes in FSGS, DN, and MN. LRRC55 inhibition may represent a new therapeutic approach for podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Runhong Han
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Chen
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weisong Qin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingsong Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Bao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Sizemore G, McLaughlin S, Newman M, Brundage K, Ammer A, Martin K, Pugacheva E, Coad J, Mattes MD, Yu HG. Opening large-conductance potassium channels selectively induced cell death of triple-negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:595. [PMID: 32586284 PMCID: PMC7318490 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unlike other breast cancer subtypes that may be treated with a variety of hormonal or targeted therapies, there is a need to identify new, effective targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It has recently been recognized that membrane potential is depolarized in breast cancer cells. The primary objective of the study is to explore whether hyperpolarization induced by opening potassium channels may provide a new strategy for treatment of TNBC. Methods Breast cancer datasets in cBioPortal for cancer genomics was used to search for ion channel gene expression. Immunoblots and immunohistochemistry were used for protein expression in culture cells and in the patient tissues. Electrophysiological patch clamp techniques were used to study properties of BK channels in culture cells. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope were used for cell viability and cell cycle studies. Ultrasound imaging was used to study xenograft in female NSG mice. Results In large datasets of breast cancer patients, we identified a gene, KCNMA1 (encoding for a voltage- and calcium-dependent large-conductance potassium channel, called BK channel), overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Although overexpressed, 99% of channels are closed in TNBC cells. Opening BK channels hyperpolarized membrane potential, which induced cell cycle arrest in G2 phase and apoptosis via caspase-3 activation. In a TNBC cell induced xenograft model, treatment with a BK channel opener significantly slowed tumor growth without cardiac toxicity. Conclusions Our results support the idea that hyperpolarization induced by opening BK channel in TNBC cells can become a new strategy for development of a targeted therapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Sizemore
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Sarah McLaughlin
- Animal Models & Imaging Facility, Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Mackenzie Newman
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kathleen Brundage
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Flow Cytometry Facility, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Amanda Ammer
- Animal Models & Imaging Facility, Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Karen Martin
- Animal Models & Imaging Facility, Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Elena Pugacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - James Coad
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Malcolm D Mattes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Han-Gang Yu
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Yang M, James AD, Suman R, Kasprowicz R, Nelson M, O'Toole PJ, Brackenbury WJ. Voltage-dependent activation of Rac1 by Na v 1.5 channels promotes cell migration. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:3950-3972. [PMID: 31612502 PMCID: PMC6973152 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels can regulate the plasma membrane potential (Vm ) and cell migration as a result of altered ion flux. However, the mechanism by which Vm regulates motility remains unclear. Here, we show that the Nav 1.5 sodium channel carries persistent inward Na+ current which depolarizes the resting Vm at the timescale of minutes. This Nav 1.5-dependent Vm depolarization increases Rac1 colocalization with phosphatidylserine, to which it is anchored at the leading edge of migrating cells, promoting Rac1 activation. A genetically encoded FRET biosensor of Rac1 activation shows that depolarization-induced Rac1 activation results in acquisition of a motile phenotype. By identifying Nav 1.5-mediated Vm depolarization as a regulator of Rac1 activation, we link ionic and electrical signaling at the plasma membrane to small GTPase-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization and cellular migration. We uncover a novel and unexpected mechanism for Rac1 activation, which fine tunes cell migration in response to ionic and/or electric field changes in the local microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Andrew D. James
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Rakesh Suman
- Phase Focus Ltd, Electric WorksSheffield Digital CampusSheffieldUK
| | | | - Michaela Nelson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Peter J. O'Toole
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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10
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Yazıcı T, Koçer G, Nazıroğlu M, Övey İS, Öz A. Zoledronic Acid, Bevacizumab and Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, and Calcium Signaling Are Decreased in Human Osteoblast-Like Cell Line by Selenium Treatment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:358-368. [PMID: 29081061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased intracellular free calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration induces excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis. Medical procedures such as zoledronic acid (Zol), bevacizumab (Bev), and dexamethasone (Dex) are usually used in the treatment of bone diseases (osteoporosis, Paget's disease, etc.) and to prevent metastasis in the bone although the procedures induce osteonecrosis of the jaw through excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we observed regulator roles of selenium (Se) on apoptosis and Ca2+ entry through transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in the cancer cell lines. Therefore, Se may modulate Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of TRPV1 channel. In the current study, we investigated the protective effects of Se on apoptosis and oxidative stress through TRPV1 in Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced osteoblast-like cell line. We used human osteoblast-like cell line (Saos-2), and the cells were divided into 12 groups as control, Zol, Bev, Dex, Se, Zol+Se, Bev+Se, Dex+Se, Zol+Dex, Zol+Dex+Se, Zol+Bev, and Zol+Bev+Se which were incubated with drugs (Zol, Bev, Dex, and Se) for 24 h. The cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration was increased by Zol, Bev, Dex, Zol+Bev, and Zol+Dex, although it was reduced by Se treatment. However, Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced increase in apoptosis, caspase 3, caspase 9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 expression levels, and intracellular ROS production values in the cells were decreased by Se treatments. In conclusion, we observed that Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and calcium signaling are decreased in human osteoblast-like cell line by the Se treatment. Our findings may be relevant to the etiology and treatment of Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced osteonecrosis by Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Yazıcı
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Gülperi Koçer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - İshak Suat Övey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Ahmi Öz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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11
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Zoledronic acid induces micronuclei formation, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and cytostasis in kidney cells. Life Sci 2018; 203:305-314. [PMID: 29729261 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Zoledronic acid (ZA), a FDA approved drug has used widely in the treatment of bone metastasis complications, has been linked to renal toxicity with unclear mechanism. The present study is aimed at investigating the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ZA in renal epithelial cells. MAIN METHODS The genotoxic effect of ZA in Vero and MDCK cells determined by cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. The cytotoxic effect assessed by analysing cell cycle profile, cell death and mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry using propidium iodide, AnnexinV-FITC/PI and JC1 dye staining, respectively, BAX and Bcl-2 expression by Western blotting and caspase activity by spectrofluorimetry. KEY FINDINGS The cytotoxic effect of ZA based on MTT assay revealed variable sensitivities of Vero and MDCK cells, with IC50 values of 7.41 and 109.58 μM, respectively. The CBMN assay has shown prominent dose-dependent (IC10-50) induction of micronuclei formation in both cells, indicating ZA's clastogenic and aneugenic potential. Further, the ZA treatment led the cells to apoptosis, evident from dose-dependent increase in the percentage of cells in subG1 phase and display of membranous phosphatidylserine translocation. Studies also confirmed apoptosis through mitochondria, evident from the prominent increase in BAX/Bcl-2 ratio, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-3/7 activity. In addition, ZA reduces cytokinetic activity of renal cells, evident from dose-wise lowered replicative indices. SIGNIFICANCE The study depict ZA's potential genotoxic effect along with cytotoxic effect in renal epithelial cells, could be key factors for the development of renal complications associated with it, which prompts renal safety measures in lieu with ZA usage.
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Lu FF, Wang HY, He XZ, Liang TY, Wang W, Hu HM, Wu F, Liu YW, Zhang SZ. Prognostic value of ion channel genes in Chinese patients with gliomas based on mRNA expression profiling. J Neurooncol 2017; 134:397-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Maqoud F, Cetrone M, Mele A, Tricarico D. Molecular structure and function of big calcium-activated potassium channels in skeletal muscle: pharmacological perspectives. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:306-317. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00121.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel is broadly expressed in various mammalian cells and tissues such as neurons, skeletal muscles (sarco-BK), and smooth muscles. These channels are activated by changes in membrane electrical potential and by increases in the concentration of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+). The BK channel is subjected to many mechanisms that add diversity to the BK channel α-subunit gene. These channels are indeed subject to alternative splicing, auxiliary subunits modulation, posttranslational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. BK channels can be modulated by diverse molecules that may induce either an increase or decrease in channel activity. The linkage of these channels to many intracellular metabolites and pathways, as well as their modulation by extracellular natural agents, have been found to be relevant in many physiological processes. BK channel diversity is obtained by means of alternative splicing and modulatory β- and γ-subunits. The association of the α-subunit with β- or with γ-subunits can change the BK channel phenotype, functional diversity, and pharmacological properties in different tissues. In the case of the skeletal muscle BK channel (sarco-BK channel), we established that the main mechanism regulating BK channel diversity is the alternative splicing of the KCNMA1/slo1 gene encoding for the α-subunit generating different splicing isoform in the muscle phenotypes. This finding helps to design molecules selectively targeting the skeletal muscle subtypes. The use of drugs selectively targeting the skeletal muscle BK channels is a promising strategy in the treatment of familial disorders affecting muscular skeletal apparatus including hyperkalemia and hypokalemia periodic paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Science, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Michela Cetrone
- Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; and
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Tripathi R, Singh P, Singh A, Chagtoo M, Khan S, Tiwari S, Agarwal G, Meeran SM, Godbole MM. Zoledronate and Molecular Iodine Cause Synergistic Cell Death in Triple Negative Breast Cancer through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:679-88. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1158293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Wu SN, Chen HZ, Chou YH, Huang YM, Lo YC. Inhibitory actions by ibandronate sodium, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, on calcium-activated potassium channels in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1182-1193. [PMID: 28962460 PMCID: PMC5598360 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates used for management of the patients with osteoporosis were reported to influence the function of renal tubular cells. However, how nitrogen-containing bisphosphates exert any effects on ion currents remains controversial. The effects of ibandronate (Iban), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, on ionic channels, including two types of Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels, namely, large-conductance KCa (BKCa) and intermediate-conductance KCa (IKCa) channels, were investigated in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In whole-cell current recordings, Iban suppressed the amplitude of voltage-gated K+ current elicited by long ramp pulse. Addition of Iban caused a reduction of BKCa channels accompanied by a right shift in the activation curve of BKCa channels, despite no change in single-channel conductance. Ca2+ sensitivity of these channels was modified in the presence of this compound; however, the magnitude of Iban-mediated decrease in BKCa-channel activity under membrane stretch with different negative pressure remained unchanged. Iban suppressed the probability of BKCa-channel openings linked primarily to a shortening in the slow component of mean open time in these channels. The dissociation constant needed for Iban-mediated suppression of mean open time in MDCK cells was 12.2 μM. Additionally, cell exposure to Iban suppressed the activity of IKCa channels, and DC-EBIO or 9-phenanthrol effectively reversed its suppression. Under current-clamp configuration, Iban depolarized the cells and DC-EBIO or PF573228 reversed its depolarizing effect. Taken together, the inhibitory action of Iban on KCa-channel activity may contribute to the underlying mechanism of pharmacological or toxicological actions of Iban and its structurally similar bisphosphonates on renal tubular cells occurring in vivo.
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Key Words
- BKCa channel, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel
- DC-EBIO, 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H2S, hydrogen sulfide
- IK, voltage-gated K+ current
- IKCa channel, intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel
- Iban, ibandronate sodium
- Ibandronate
- Intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel
- I–V, current–voltage
- KCa channel, Ca2+-activated K+ channel
- KD, dissociation constant
- Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel
- MDCK cell
- MDCK cell, Madin–Darby canine kidney cell,NaHS, sodium hydrosulphide
- Membrane potential
- PF573228, 3,4-dihydro-6-[[4-[[[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-5(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2(1H)-quinolinone
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- TRAM-34, 1-((2-chloropheny) (diphenyl)methyl)-1H-pyrazole
- [Ca2+]i, intracellular Ca2+ concentration
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Zhen Chen
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chou
- School of Medicine, Mayne Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yan-Ming Huang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Curci A, Mele A, Camerino GM, Dinardo MM, Tricarico D. The large conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) (BKCa) channel regulates cell proliferation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by activating the staurosporine-sensitive protein kinases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:476. [PMID: 25538629 PMCID: PMC4260485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated on the role of the calcium activated K(+)-channels(BKCa) on the regulation of the neuronal viability. Recordings of the K(+)-channel current were performed using patch-clamp technique in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) in parallel with measurements of the cell viability in the absence or presence of the BKCa channel blockers iberiotoxin(IbTX) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) and the BKCa channel opener NS1619. Protein kinase C/A (PKC, PKA) activities in the cell lysate were investigated in the presence/absence of drugs. The whole-cell K(+)-current showed a slope conductance calculated at negative membrane potentials of 126.3 pS and 1.717 nS(n = 46) following depolarization. The intercept of the I/V curve was -33 mV. IbTX(10(-8) - 4 × 10(-7) M) reduced the K(+)-current at +30 mV with an IC50 of 1.85 × 10(-7) M and an Imax of -46% (slope = 2.198) (n = 21). NS1619(10-100 × 10(-6) M) enhanced the K(+)-current of +141% (n = 6), at -10 mV(Vm). TEA(10(-5)-10(-3) M) reduced the K(+)-current with an IC50 of 3.54 × 10(-5) M and an Imax of -90% (slope = 0.95) (n = 5). A concentration-dependent increase of cell proliferation was observed with TEA showing a maximal proliferative effect(MPE) of +38% (10(-4) M). IbTX showed an MPE of +42% at 10(-8) M concentration, reducing it at higher concentrations. The MPE of the NS1619(100 × 10(-6) M) was +42%. The PKC inhibitor staurosporine (0.2-2 × 10(-6) M) antagonized the proliferative actions of IbTX and TEA. IbTX (10 × 10(-9) M), TEA (100 × 10(-6) M), and the NS1619 significantly enhanced the PKC and PKA activities in the cell lysate with respect to the controls. These results suggest that BKCa channel regulates proliferation of the SH-SY5Y cells through PKC and PKA protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Curci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
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Du C, Chen L, Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu W, Xie X, Xie M. Caveolin-1 limits the contribution of BKCa channel to MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20706-22. [PMID: 25397596 PMCID: PMC4264191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that caveolin-1 and large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BKCa) channels are implicated in the carcinogenesis processes, including cell proliferation and invasion. These two proteins have been proven to interact with each other in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and modulate vascular contractility. In this study, we investigated the probable interaction between caveolin-1 and BKCa in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We identified that caveolin-1 and BKCa were co-localized and could be reciprocally co-immunoprecipitated in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. siRNA mediated caveolin-1 knockdown resulted in activation and increased surface expression of BKCa channel, and subsequently promoted the proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. These effects were attenuated in the presence of BKCa-siRNA. Conversely, up-regulated caveolin-1 suppressed function and surface expression of BKCa channel and exerted negative effects on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Similarly, these opposing effects were abrogated by BKCa up-regulation. Collectively, our findings suggest that BKCa is a critical target for suppression by caveolin-1 in suppressing proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. The functional complex of caveolin-1 and BKCa in the membrane microdomain may be served as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Du
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Manjiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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18
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Levin-Gromiko U, Koshelev V, Kushnir P, Fedida-Metula S, Voronov E, Fishman D. Amplified lipid rafts of malignant cells constitute a target for inhibition of aberrantly active NFAT and melanoma tumor growth by the aminobisphosphonate zoledronic acid. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2555-66. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Hosseinzadeh Z, Almilaji A, Honisch S, Pakladok T, Liu G, Bhavsar SK, Ruth P, Shumilina E, Lang F. Upregulation of the large conductance voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ channels by Janus kinase 2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C1041-9. [PMID: 24696148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00209.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The iberiotoxin-sensitive large conductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels (maxi-K(+)-channels) hyperpolarize the cell membrane thus supporting Ca(2+) entry through Ca(2+)-release activated Ca(2+) channels. Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) has been identified as novel regulator of ion transport. To explore whether JAK2 participates in the regulation of BK channels, cRNA encoding Ca(2+)-insensitive BK channels (BK(M513I+Δ899-903)) was injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without cRNA encoding wild-type JAK2, gain-of-function (V617F)JAK2, or inactive (K882E)JAK2. K(+) conductance was determined by dual electrode voltage clamp and BK-channel protein abundance by confocal microscopy. In A204 alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells, iberiotoxin-sensitive K(+) current was determined utilizing whole cell patch clamp. A204 cells were further transfected with JAK2 and BK-channel transcript, and protein abundance was quantified by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. As a result, the K(+) current in BK(M513I+Δ899-903)-expressing oocytes was significantly increased following coexpression of JAK2 or (V617F)JAK2 but not (K882E)JAK2. Coexpression of the BK channel with (V617F)JAK2 but not (K882E)JAK2 enhanced BK-channel protein abundance in the oocyte cell membrane. Exposure of BK-channel and (V617F)JAK2-expressing oocytes to the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 (40 μM) significantly decreased K(+) current. Inhibition of channel insertion by brefeldin A (5 μM) decreased the K(+) current to a similar extent in oocytes expressing the BK channel alone and in oocytes expressing the BK channel and (V617F)JAK2. The iberiotoxin (50 nM)-sensitive K(+) current in rhabdomyosarcoma cells was significantly decreased by AG490 pretreatment (40 μM, 12 h). Moreover, overexpression of JAK2 in A204 cells significantly enhanced BK channel mRNA and protein abundance. In conclusion, JAK2 upregulates BK channels by increasing channel protein abundance in the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Almilaji
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Sabina Honisch
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Tatsiana Pakladok
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - GuoXing Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Shefalee K Bhavsar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Peter Ruth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
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20
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Bortner CD, Cidlowski JA. Ion channels and apoptosis in cancer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130104. [PMID: 24493752 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans maintain a constant cell number throughout their lifespan. This equilibrium of cell number is accomplished when cell proliferation and cell death are kept balanced, achieving a steady-state cell number. Abnormalities in cell growth or cell death can lead to an overabundance of cells known as neoplasm or tumours. While the perception of cancer is often that of an uncontrollable rate of cell growth or increased proliferation, a decrease in cell death can also lead to tumour formation. Most cells when detached from their normal tissue die. However, cancer cells evade cell death, tipping the balance to an overabundance of cell number. Therefore, overcoming this resistance to cell death is a decisive factor in the treatment of cancer. Ion channels play a critical role in cancer in regards to cell proliferation, malignant angiogenesis, migration and metastasis. Additionally, ion channels are also known to be critical components of apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the modes of cell death focusing on the ability of cancer cells to evade apoptosis. Specifically, we focus on the role ion channels play in controlling and regulating life/death decisions and how they can be used to overcome resistance to apoptosis in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Bortner
- The Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, , Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Williams S, Bateman A, O'Kelly I. Altered expression of two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels in cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74589. [PMID: 24116006 PMCID: PMC3792113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels have become a focus in cancer biology as they play roles in cell behaviours associated with cancer progression, including proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Two-pore domain (K2P) potassium channels are background channels which enable the leak of potassium ions from cells. As these channels are open at rest they have a profound effect on cellular membrane potential and subsequently the electrical activity and behaviour of cells in which they are expressed. The K2P family of channels has 15 mammalian members and already 4 members of this family (K2P2.1, K2P3.1, K2P9.1, K2P5.1) have been implicated in cancer. Here we examine the expression of all 15 members of the K2P family of channels in a range of cancer types. This was achieved using the online cancer microarray database, Oncomine (www.oncomine.org). Each gene was examined across 20 cancer types, comparing mRNA expression in cancer to normal tissue. This analysis revealed all but 3 K2P family members (K2P4.1, K2P16.1, K2P18.1) show altered expression in cancer. Overexpression of K2P channels was observed in a range of cancers including breast, leukaemia and lung while more cancers (brain, colorectal, gastrointestinal, kidney, lung, melanoma, oesophageal) showed underexpression of one or more channels. K2P1.1, K2P3.1, K2P12.1, were overexpressed in a range of cancers. While K2P1.1, K2P3.1, K2P5.1, K2P6.1, K2P7.1 and K2P10.1 showed significant underexpression across the cancer types examined. This analysis supports the view that specific K2P channels may play a role in cancer biology. Their altered expression together with their ability to impact the function of other ion channels and their sensitivity to environmental stimuli (pO2, pH, glucose, stretch) makes understanding the role these channels play in cancer of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Williams
- Human Development and Health, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ita O'Kelly
- Human Development and Health, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: I.M.O'
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