1
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Sun F, Lei G, Tian C, Bai Z, Bai C, Li Y, Deng Z, Yang H, Li C, Zhao Z, Niu Y, Yang P. Protective efficacy of a novel recombinant influenza virus carrying partial human metapneumovirus F protein epitopes. Virulence 2023:2284515. [PMID: 37974334 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2284515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections in infants and children. Currently, no approved HMPV vaccine is available. We developed a novel recombinant influenza virus, which carried partial HMPV F protein (HMPV-F) epitopes, utilizing reverse genetics. The novel single-stranded RNA virus, termed rFLU-HMPV/F-NA, was synthesized in the neuraminidase (NA) fragment of influenza virus A/PuertoRico/8/34 (PR8). The morphological characteristics of rFLU-HMPV/F-NA were consistent with the wild-type flu virus. The virus could passage in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos for at least five consecutive generations with haemagglutinin (HA) titres of 28-9 or 8-9LogTCID50/mL. BALB/c mice were intranasally immunized at 21-day intervals with 104 TCID50 (low-dose group) or 106 TCID50 (high-dose group) rFLU-HMPV/F-NA, and PBS or PR8 vaccine was used for the control group. rFLU-HMPV/F-NA induced robust humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. More importantly, wt clinical HMPV isolate challenge studies showed that rFLU-HMPV/F-NA provided significant immune protection against HMPV infection compared to the PBS or PR8 vaccine control group, as shown by improved histopathological changes and reduced viral titres in the lungs of immunized mice post-challenge. These findings demonstrate that rFLU-HMPV/F-NA has potential as a promising HMPV candidate vaccine and warrants further investigation into its control of HMPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sun
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyu Tian
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Bai
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Bai
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoya Deng
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Li
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yan Niu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Gianchecchi E, Manenti A, Kistner O, Trombetta C, Manini I, Montomoli E. How to assess the effectiveness of nasal influenza vaccines? Role and measurement of sIgA in mucosal secretions. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:429-437. [PMID: 31225704 PMCID: PMC6692539 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgAs (sIgA) constitute the principal isotype of antibodies present in nasal and mucosal secretions. They are secreted by plasma cells adjacent to the mucosal epithelial cells, the site where infection occurs, and are the main humoral mediator of mucosal immunity. Mucosally delivered vaccines, such as live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), are able to mimic natural infection without causing disease or virus transmission and mainly elicit a local immune response. The measurement of sIgA concentrations in nasal swab/wash and saliva samples is therefore a valuable tool for evaluating their role in the effectiveness of such vaccines. Here, we describe two standardized assays (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and microneutralization) available for the quantification of sIgA and discuss the advantages and limitations of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudia Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Manini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi Srl, Siena, Italy.,VisMederi Research Srl, Siena, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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3
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Östberg AK, Alizadehgharib S, Dahlgren U. Sublingual administration of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate enhances antibody responses to co-administered ovalbumin and Streptococcus mutans. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:351-356. [PMID: 29648491 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1460491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The oral mucosa of patients undergoing dental procedures is often exposed to residual monomers leaking from incompletely cured acrylic resins. We investigated whether 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers applied to the sublingual mucosa in mice modulate the antibody responses towards co-administered ovalbumin (OVA) or live oral bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS OVA, live mouse oral commensal Lactobacillus murinus or live human oral commensal Streptococcus mutans were administered sublingually with or without HEMA to BALB/c mice on four weekly occasions. One week after the last administration, the experiment was terminated and serum antibody levels were analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS Significantly increased IgG and IgE anti-OVA antibody activity was found in the sera from mice immunized with OVA together with HEMA, as compared to mice immunized with OVA alone. Likewise, S. mutans together with HEMA induced an IgG anti-S. mutans antibody response that was significantly higher than the antibody response detected after application of S. mutans alone. No IgG anti-L. murinus antibody response was detected in mice immunized with L. murinus together with HEMA, as compared to the background activity. CONCLUSIONS We report that HEMA monomers have adjuvant properties when sublingually administered in combination with OVA or S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Alizadehgharib
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahlgren
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Shakya AK, Chowdhury MYE, Tao W, Gill HS. Mucosal vaccine delivery: Current state and a pediatric perspective. J Control Release 2016; 240:394-413. [PMID: 26860287 PMCID: PMC5381653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most childhood infections occur via the mucosal surfaces, however, parenterally delivered vaccines are unable to induce protective immunity at these surfaces. In contrast, delivery of vaccines via the mucosal routes can allow antigens to interact with the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) to induce both mucosal and systemic immunity. The induced mucosal immunity can neutralize the pathogen on the mucosal surface before it can cause infection. In addition to reinforcing the defense at mucosal surfaces, mucosal vaccination is also expected to be needle-free, which can eliminate pain and the fear of vaccination. Thus, mucosal vaccination is highly appealing, especially for the pediatric population. However, vaccine delivery across mucosal surfaces is challenging because of the different barriers that naturally exist at the various mucosal surfaces to keep the pathogens out. There have been significant developments in delivery systems for mucosal vaccination. In this review we provide an introduction to the MALT, highlight barriers to vaccine delivery at different mucosal surfaces, discuss different approaches that have been investigated for vaccine delivery across mucosal surfaces, and conclude with an assessment of perspectives for mucosal vaccination in the context of the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenqian Tao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Harvinder Singh Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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5
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Macedo R, Rochefort J, Guillot-Delost M, Tanaka K, Le Moignic A, Noizat C, Baillou C, Mateo V, Carpentier AF, Tartour E, Bertolus C, Bellier B, Lescaille G, Lemoine FM. Intra-cheek immunization as a novel vaccination route for therapeutic vaccines of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using plasmo virus-like particles. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1164363. [PMID: 27622018 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1164363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite current therapy, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arising from various mucosal sites of the upper aero-digestive tract frequently relapse in a loco-regional manner and have a poor prognosis. Our objective was to validate an innovative mucosal route of vaccination using plasmo virus-like particles (pVLPs) in a pre-clinical orthotopic model of HNSCCs. For this purpose, we used pVLP-E7, that are plasmid DNA encoding retroviral virus-like particles carrying a truncated E7 oncoprotein from HPV-16 as antigen model, to vaccinate mice bearing pre-established TC-1 tumors implanted into the buccal mucosa. pVLP-E7 were combined with clinical grade TLR agonists (Imiquimod and CpG-ODN). In this pre-clinical orthotopic model, whose tumor microenvironment resembles to those of human HNSCCs, different mucosal vaccination routes were tested for their ability to elicit efficient immune and antitumoral responses. Results showed that mucosal intra-cheek (IC) vaccinations using pVLP-E7, comparatively to intradermic vaccinations (ID), gave rise to higher mobilization of mucosal (CD49a(+)) CD8(+) specific effector T cells in both tumor draining lymph nodes (TdLNs) and tumor microenvironment resulting in better antitumor effects and in a long-term protection against tumor rechallenge. In vivo CD8(+) depletion demonstrated that antitumoral effects were fully dependent upon the presence of CD8(+) T cells. Validation of IC mucosal vaccinations with pVLPs combined with adjuvants using a pre-clinical orthotopic model of HNSCC provides valuable pre-clinical data to rapidly envision the use of such therapeutic vaccines in patients with HNSCCs, inasmuch as vaccinal components and adjuvants can be easily obtained as clinical grade reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Macedo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) , Paris, France
| | - Juliette Rochefort
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France; Paris Diderot/Paris 07, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Odontology, Paris, France
| | - Maude Guillot-Delost
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) , Paris, France
| | - Kae Tanaka
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) , Paris, France
| | - Aline Le Moignic
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) , Paris, France
| | - Clara Noizat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) , Paris, France
| | - Claude Baillou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) , Paris, France
| | - Véronique Mateo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) , Paris, France
| | - Antoine F Carpentier
- Université Paris 13, AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Department of Neurology , Bobigny, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Paris Descartes/Paris 05, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARC), AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Immunologie Biologique , Paris, France
| | - Chloé Bertolus
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ-Paris 06, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Bellier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U959, CNRS, FRE 3632, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Lescaille
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France; Paris Diderot/Paris 07, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Odontology, Paris, France
| | - François M Lemoine
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/Paris 06, UMR-S INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center d'Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Biotherapies, Paris, France
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6
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Martelli S, Pender SLF, Larbi A. Compartmentalization of immunosenescence: a deeper look at the mucosa. Biogerontology 2015; 17:159-76. [PMID: 26689202 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Developments in medical care and living conditions led to an astonishing increase in life-span perspective and subsequently a rise in the old population. This can be seen as a success for public health policies but it also challenges society to adapt, in order to cope with the potentially overwhelming cost for the healthcare system. A fast-growing number of older people lose their ability to live independently because of diseases and disabilities, frailty or cognitive impairment. Many require long-term care, including home-based nursing, communities and hospital-based care. Immunosenescence, an age-related deterioration in immune functions, is considered a major contributory factor for the higher prevalence and severity of infectious diseases and the poor efficacy of vaccination in the elderly. When compared with systemic immunosenescence, alterations in the mucosal immune system with age are less well understood. For this reason, this area deserves more extensive and intensive research and support. In this article, we provide an overview of age-associated changes occurring in systemic immunity and discuss the distinct features of mucosal immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Martelli
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Aging and Immunity Program, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvia L F Pender
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Aging and Immunity Program, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Spinner JL, Oberoi HS, Yorgensen YM, Poirier DS, Burkhart DJ, Plante M, Evans JT. Methylglycol chitosan and a synthetic TLR4 agonist enhance immune responses to influenza vaccine administered sublingually. Vaccine 2015; 33:5845-5853. [PMID: 26392012 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a vaccine-preventable contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza (flu) viruses which can lead to hospitalization and sometimes even death. Current flu vaccines delivered intramuscularly (IM) or intradermally (ID) are less effective at eliciting protective mucosal immune responses and vaccines delivered intranasally (IN) possess potential safety concerns. Sublingual (SL) vaccination is a promising alternative route for vaccine delivery which has been indicated as safe and effective at inducing protective immune responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments. We evaluated the efficacy of methylglycol chitosan (MGC) and a synthetic toll-like receptor 4 agonist (CRX-601), alone or in combination, for improving systemic and mucosal immune responses to a monovalent detergent-split flu virus vaccine delivered SL. SL vaccination of mice with split-flu vaccine formulated with either MGC or CRX-601 resulted in specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA titers that were significantly greater than titers from non-adjuvanted vaccination and equivalent to or greater than titers in mice vaccinated IM. Our results demonstrate that SL vaccination utilizing MGC or CRX-601 as adjuvants is a viable alternative route of vaccination for flu which can elicit systemic immune responses equivalent to or greater than IM vaccination with the added benefit of stimulating a robust specific mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Spinner
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | | | | | | | - David J Burkhart
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Martin Plante
- Neomed Institute, 7171 Frederick Banting, Montreal, QC, Canada H4S 1Z9
| | - Jay T Evans
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
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8
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Bitrus Y, Andrew JN, Owolodun OA, Luka PD, Umaru DA. The reoccurrence of H5N1 outbreaks necessitates the development of safe and effective influenza vaccine technologies for the prevention and control of avian influenza in Sub-Saharan Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/bmbr2015.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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9
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Fukasaka M, Asari D, Kiyotoh E, Okazaki A, Gomi Y, Tanimoto T, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Hori M. A Lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea Agglomerans Is a Promising Adjuvant for Sublingual Vaccines to Induce Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice via TLR4 Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126849. [PMID: 25978818 PMCID: PMC4433252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSpa) has been applied to various fields for human use as a Toll-like receptor 4 ligand and its safety has been confirmed. Here, we showed for the first time the application of LPSpa as an effective mucosal adjuvant for activating vaccine-induced antigen specific immune responses. Mice sublingually immunized with influenza vaccine (HA split vaccine) with LPSpa induced both HA-specific IgG (systemic) and IgA (mucosal) antibody responses, which led to a significant increase in survival rate against lethal influenza virus challenge compared with subcutaneous vaccination. After sublingual administration of ovalbumin with LPSpa, ovalbumin-specific mucosal IgA responses were induced at both mucosal surfaces close to the immunized site and at remote mucosal surfaces. Sublingual administration of LPSpa evoked local antigen-uptake by dendritic cells in cervical lymph nodes. LPSpa induced cytokine production and the maturation and proliferation of innate immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 in dendritic cells. Collectively, these results suggest that LPSpa can be used as an effective mucosal adjuvant to stimulate and activate local innate immune cells to improve and enhance mucosal vaccine potency against various pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Administration, Sublingual
- Animals
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pantoea/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fukasaka
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (MF); (MH)
| | - Daisuke Asari
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Kiyotoh
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arimichi Okazaki
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gomi
- Research and Production Technology Department, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanimoto
- Research and Production Technology Department, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Hori
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (MF); (MH)
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10
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Lee HJ, Cho H, Kim MG, Heo YK, Cho Y, Gwon YD, Park KH, Jin H, Kim J, Oh YK, Kim YB. Sublingual immunization of trivalent human papillomavirus DNA vaccine in baculovirus nanovector for protection against vaginal challenge. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119408. [PMID: 25789464 PMCID: PMC4366369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the immunogenicity of a sublingually delivered, trivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine encapsidated in a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) envelope-coated, nonreplicable, baculovirus nanovector. The HERV envelope-coated, nonreplicable, baculovirus-based DNA vaccine, encoding HPV16L1, -18L1 and -58L1 (AcHERV-triHPV), was constructed and sublingually administered to mice without adjuvant. Following sublingual (SL) administration, AcHERV-triHPV was absorbed and distributed throughout the body. At 15 minutes and 1 day post-dose, the distribution of AcHERV-triHPV to the lung was higher than that to other tissues. At 30 days post-dose, the levels of AcHERV-triHPV had diminished throughout the body. Six weeks after the first of three doses, 1×10(8) copies of SL AcHERV-triHPV induced HPV type-specific serum IgG and neutralizing antibodies to a degree comparable to that of IM immunization with 1×10(9) copies. AcHERV-triHPV induced HPV type-specific vaginal IgA titers in a dose-dependent manner. SL immunization with 1×10(10) copies of AcHERV-triHPV induced Th1 and Th2 cellular responses comparable to IM immunization with 1×10(9) copies. Molecular imaging revealed that SL AcHERV-triHPV in mice provided complete protection against vaginal challenge with HPV16, HPV18, and HPV58 pseudoviruses. These results support the potential of SL immunization using multivalent DNA vaccine in baculovirus nanovector for induction of mucosal, systemic, and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Lee
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansam Cho
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Gyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ki Heo
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeondong Cho
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Gwon
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Park
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YKO); (YBK)
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YKO); (YBK)
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11
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Kim H, Kim JK, Song H, Choi J, Shim B, Kang B, Moon H, Yeom M, Kim SH, Song D, Song M. Preliminary study about sublingual administration of bacteria-expressed pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine in miniature pigs. J Microbiol 2014; 52:794-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Intranasal adenovirus-vectored vaccine for induction of long-lasting humoral immunity-mediated broad protection against influenza in mice. J Virol 2014; 88:9693-703. [PMID: 24920793 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00823-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza vaccines aimed at inducing antibody (Ab) responses against viral surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) provide sterile immunity to infection with the same subtypes. Vaccines targeting viral conserved determinants shared by the influenza A viruses (IAV) offer heterosubtypic immunity (HSI), a broad protection against different subtypes. We proposed that vaccines targeting both HA and the conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) would provide protection against infection with the same subtype and also HSI against other subtypes. We report here that single intranasal immunization with a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vector encoding both HA of H5 virus and M2e (rAdH5/M2e) induced significant HA- and M2e-specific Ab responses, along with protection against heterosubtypic challenge in mice. The protection is superior compared to that induced by rAd vector encoding either HA (rAdH5), or M2e (rAdM2e). While protection against homotypic H5 virus is primarily mediated by virus-neutralizing Abs, the cross-protection is associated with Abs directed to conserved stalk HA and M2e that seem to have an additive effect. Consistently, adoptive transfer of antisera induced by rAdH5/M2e provided the best protection against heterosubtypic challenge compared to that provided by antisera derived from mice immunized with rAdH5 or rAdM2e. These results support the development of rAd-vectored vaccines encoding both H5 and M2e as universal vaccines against different IAV subtypes. IMPORTANCE Current licensed influenza vaccines provide protection limited to the infection with same virus strains; therefore, the composition of influenza vaccines has to be revised every year. We have developed a new universal influenza vaccine that is highly efficient in induction of long-lasting cross-protection against different influenza virus strains. The cross-protection is associated with a high level of vaccine-induced antibodies against the conserved stalk domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin and the ectodomain of matrix protein. The vaccine could be used to stimulate cross-protective antibodies for the prevention and treatment of influenza with immediate effect for individuals who fail to respond to or receive the vaccine in due time. The vaccine offers a new tool to control influenza outbreaks, including pandemics.
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Azegami T, Yuki Y, Kiyono H. Challenges in mucosal vaccines for the control of infectious diseases. Int Immunol 2014; 26:517-28. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kraan H, Vrieling H, Czerkinsky C, Jiskoot W, Kersten G, Amorij JP. Buccal and sublingual vaccine delivery. J Control Release 2014; 190:580-92. [PMID: 24911355 PMCID: PMC7114675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Because of their large surface area and immunological competence, mucosal tissues are attractive administration and target sites for vaccination. An important characteristic of mucosal vaccination is its ability to elicit local immune responses, which act against infection at the site of pathogen entry. However, mucosal surfaces are endowed with potent and sophisticated tolerance mechanisms to prevent the immune system from overreacting to the many environmental antigens. Hence, mucosal vaccination may suppress the immune system instead of induce a protective immune response. Therefore, mucosal adjuvants and/or special antigen delivery systems as well as appropriate dosage forms are required in order to develop potent mucosal vaccines. Whereas oral, nasal and pulmonary vaccine delivery strategies have been described extensively, the sublingual and buccal routes have received considerably less attention. In this review, the characteristics of and approaches for sublingual and buccal vaccine delivery are described and compared with other mucosal vaccine delivery sites. We discuss recent progress and highlight promising developments in the search for vaccine formulations, including adjuvants and suitable dosage forms, which are likely critical for designing a successful sublingual or buccal vaccine. Finally, we outline the challenges, hurdles to overcome and formulation issues relevant for sublingual or buccal vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Kraan
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Hilde Vrieling
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cecil Czerkinsky
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 CNRS-INSERM-UNSA, Valbonne, France
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon Kersten
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Amorij
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Cheon IS, Shim BS, Park SM, Choi Y, Jang JE, Jung DI, Kim JO, Chang J, Yun CH, Song MK. Development of safe and effective RSV vaccine by modified CD4 epitope in G protein core fragment (Gcf). PLoS One 2014; 9:e94269. [PMID: 24736750 PMCID: PMC3988050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infection in infants and young children worldwide, but currently no safe and effective vaccine is available. The RSV G glycoprotein (RSVG), a major attachment protein, is an important target for the induction of protective immune responses during RSV infection. However, it has been thought that a CD4+ T cell epitope (a.a. 183–195) within RSVG is associated with pathogenic pulmonary eosinophilia. To develop safe and effective RSV vaccine using RSV G protein core fragment (Gcf), several Gcf variants resulting from modification to CD4+ T cell epitope were constructed. Mice were immunized with each variant Gcf, and the levels of RSV-specific serum IgG were measured. At day 4 post-challenge with RSV subtype A or B, lung viral titers and pulmonary eosinophilia were determined and changes in body weight were monitored. With wild type Gcf derived from RSV A2 (wtAGcf), although RSV A subtype-specific immune responses were induced, vaccine-enhanced disease characterized by excessive pulmonary eosinophil recruitment and body weight loss were evident, whereas wtGcf from RSV B1 (wtBGcf) induced RSV B subtype-specific immune responses without the signs of vaccine-enhanced disease. Mice immunized with Th-mGcf, a fusion protein consisting CD4+ T cell epitope from RSV F (F51–66) conjugated to mGcf that contains alanine substitutions at a.a. position 185 and 188, showed higher levels of RSV-specific IgG response than mice immunized with mGcf. Both wtAGcf and Th-mGcf provided complete protection against RSV A2 and partial protection against RSV B. Importantly, mice immunized with Th-mGcf did not develop vaccine-enhanced disease following RSV challenge. Immunization of Th-mGcf provided protection against RSV infection without the symptom of vaccine-enhanced disease. Our study provides a novel strategy to develop a safe and effective mucosal RSV vaccine by manipulating the CD4+ T cell epitope within RSV G protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Cheon
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Biomodulation Major and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Biomodulation Major and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Choi
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jang
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Im Jung
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ouk Kim
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Biomodulation Major and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MS); (CHY)
| | - Man Ki Song
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MS); (CHY)
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16
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Intranasal vaccination with a replication-deficient influenza virus induces heterosubtypic neutralising mucosal IgA antibodies in humans. Vaccine 2014; 32:1897-900. [PMID: 24560674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the cross-neutralising potential of serum and nasal wash samples from volunteers who were intranasally immunised once with a monovalent replication-deficient delNS1-H1N1 influenza virus vaccine (7.7log10TCID50/volunteer). Eight out of twelve (8/12) vaccinees responded to vaccination with a significant increase of antibody levels in serum IgG ELISA, mucosal IgA ELISA, MNA or HAI. Four responders showed delNS1-specific ELISA IgA increases and revealed excellent homosubtypic neutralising activity in serum and mucosal washings (4/4). However, 0/4 of the sera but 3/4 of the nasal washings neutralised also heterosubtypic H3N2 and H5N1 influenza viruses. Depletion experiments proved that IgA but not IgG is responsible for the cross-neutralising activity of the nasal wash sample. Our findings indicate that the induction of virus-neutralising IgA may represent a valuable correlate of cross-protection of intranasal influenza vaccines and that the delNS1 concept constitutes a promising approach to protect humans from seasonal and pandemic influenza threats. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00724997.
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17
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Fujihashi K, Sato S, Kiyono H. Mucosal adjuvants for vaccines to control upper respiratory infections in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2014; 54:21-6. [PMID: 24440991 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae are two major pathogens that lead to significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Since both pathogens enter the host via the mucosa, especially the upper respiratory tract (URT), it is essential to elicit pathogen-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) antibody (Ab) responses at mucosal surfaces for defense of the elderly. However, as aging occurs, alterations in the mucosal immune system of older individuals result in a failure to induce SIgA Abs for protection from these infections. To overcome mucosal immunosenescence, we have developed a mucosal dendritic cell targeting, novel double adjuvant system which we show to be an attractive and effective immunological modulator. This system induces a more balanced Th1- and Th2-type cytokine response which supports both mucosal SIgA and systemic IgG1 and IgG2a Ab responses. Thus, adaptation of this adjuvant system to nasal vaccines for influenza virus and S. pneumoniae could successfully provide protection by supporting pathogen-specific SIgA Ab responses in the URT in the mouse model of aging. In summary, a double adjuvant system is considered to be an attractive and potentially important strategy for the future development of mucosal vaccines for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The Institute of Oral Health Research, The School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The Institute of Oral Health Research, The School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA.
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The Institute of Oral Health Research, The School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The Institute of Oral Health Research, The School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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White JA, Blum JS, Hosken NA, Marshak JO, Duncan L, Zhu C, Norton EB, Clements JD, Koelle DM, Chen D, Weldon WC, Steven Oberste M, Lal M. Serum and mucosal antibody responses to inactivated polio vaccine after sublingual immunization using a thermoresponsive gel delivery system. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:3611-21. [PMID: 25483682 PMCID: PMC4514067 DOI: 10.4161/hv.32253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Administering vaccines directly to mucosal surfaces can induce both serum and mucosal immune responses. Mucosal responses may prevent establishment of initial infection at the port of entry and subsequent dissemination to other sites. The sublingual route is attractive for mucosal vaccination, but both a safe, potent adjuvant and a novel formulation are needed to achieve an adequate immune response. We report the use of a thermoresponsive gel (TRG) combined with a double mutant of a bacterial heat-labile toxin (dmLT) for sublingual immunization with a trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in mice. This TRG delivery system, which changes from aqueous solution to viscous gel upon contact with the mucosa at body temperature, helps to retain the formulation at the site of delivery and has functional adjuvant activity from the inclusion of dmLT. IPV was administered to mice either sublingually in the TRG delivery system or intramuscularly in phosphate-buffered saline. We measured poliovirus type-specific serum neutralizing antibodies as well as polio-specific serum Ig and IgA antibodies in serum, saliva, and fecal samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mice receiving sublingual vaccination via the TRG delivery system produced both mucosal and serum antibodies, including IgA. Intramuscularly immunized animals produced only serum neutralizing and binding Ig but no detectable IgA. This study provides proof of concept for sublingual immunization using the TRG delivery system, comprising a thermoresponsive gel and dmLT adjuvant.
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Key Words
- CT, cholera toxin
- DPBS, Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline
- DU, D-antigen units
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- IM, intramuscular
- IPV, inactivated poliovirus vaccine
- IgA, immunoglobulin A
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- OPV, oral poliovirus vaccine
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RT, room temperature
- SL, sublingual
- SSI, Staten Serum Institute
- TMB, tetramethylbenzidine
- TRG, thermoresponsive gel
- adjuvants
- dmLT
- dmLT, double mutant heat-labile toxin
- mucosal immune response
- poliovirus
- sublingual immunization
- thermoresponsive gel
- vaccine delivery
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy A Hosken
- Department of Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
| | - Joshua O Marshak
- Department of Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, LA USA
| | - John D Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, LA USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute; Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Global Health; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - William C Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA
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19
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van Els C, Mjaaland S, Næss L, Sarkadi J, Gonczol E, Smith Korsholm K, Hansen J, de Jonge J, Kersten G, Warner J, Semper A, Kruiswijk C, Oftung F. Fast vaccine design and development based on correlates of protection (COPs). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:1935-48. [PMID: 25424803 PMCID: PMC4186026 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New and reemerging infectious diseases call for innovative and efficient control strategies of which fast vaccine design and development represent an important element. In emergency situations, when time is limited, identification and use of correlates of protection (COPs) may play a key role as a strategic tool for accelerated vaccine design, testing, and licensure. We propose that general rules for COP-based vaccine design can be extracted from the existing knowledge of protective immune responses against a large spectrum of relevant viral and bacterial pathogens. Herein, we focus on the applicability of this approach by reviewing the established and up-coming COPs for influenza in the context of traditional and a wide array of new vaccine concepts. The lessons learnt from this field may be applied more generally to COP-based accelerated vaccine design for emerging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile van Els
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lisbeth Næss
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Sarkadi
- National Center for Epidemiology (NCE); Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Gonczol
- National Center for Epidemiology (NCE); Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Jon Hansen
- Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen de Jonge
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gideon Kersten
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; University of Leiden; The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Corine Kruiswijk
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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20
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Shim BS, Choi Y, Cheon IS, Song MK. Sublingual delivery of vaccines for the induction of mucosal immunity. Immune Netw 2013; 13:81-5. [PMID: 23885221 PMCID: PMC3718922 DOI: 10.4110/in.2013.13.3.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to incoming pathogens which can cause infections that result in severe morbidity and/or mortality. Studies have reported that mucosal immunity is important for providing protection against these pathogens and that mucosal vaccination is effective in preventing local infections. For many years, the sublingual mucosa has been targeted to deliver immunotherapy to treat allergic hypersensitivities. However, the potential of vaccine delivery via sublingual mucosal has received little attention until recently. Recent studies exploring such potential have documented the safety and effectiveness of sublingual immunization, demonstrating the ability of sublingual immunization to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against a variety of antigens, including soluble proteins, inter particulate antigens, and live-attenuated viruses. This review will summarize the recent findings that address the promising potential of sublingual immunization in proving protection against various mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 151-919, Korea
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21
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Patel A, Kobinger GP. Evaluation of mismatched immunity against influenza viruses. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior immunity against influenza A viruses generates sterilizing immunity against matched (homologous) viruses and varying levels of protection against mismatched (heterologous) viruses of the same or different subtypes. Natural immunity carries the risk of high morbidity and mortality, therefore immunization offers the best preventative measure. Antibody responses against the viral hemagglutinin protein correlate with protection in humans and evidence increasingly supports a role for robust cellular immune responses. By exploiting mismatched immunity, current conventional and experimental vaccine candidates can improve the generation of cross-protective immune responses against heterologous viruses. Experimental vaccines such as virus-like particles, DNA vectors, viral vectors and broadly neutralizing antibodies are able to expand cross-protection through mismatched B- and T-cell responses. However, the generation of mismatched immune responses can also have the opposite effect and impair protective immunity. This review discusses mismatched immunity in the context of natural infection and immunization. Additionally, we discuss strategies to exploit mismatched immunity in order to improve current conventional and experimental influenza A virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute of Gene Therapy (hSR-TIGET), Milan, Italy Division of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy, 20132
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Special Pathogens Programme, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Science Centre for Human & Animal Health, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3R2
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22
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van de Sandt CE, Kreijtz JHCM, Rimmelzwaan GF. Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses. Viruses 2012; 4:1438-76. [PMID: 23170167 PMCID: PMC3499814 DOI: 10.3390/v4091438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus is one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in humans. Upon infection with an influenza A virus, both innate and adaptive immune responses are induced. Here we discuss various strategies used by influenza A viruses to evade innate immune responses and recognition by components of the humoral and cellular immune response, which consequently may result in reduced clearing of the virus and virus-infected cells. Finally, we discuss how the current knowledge about immune evasion can be used to improve influenza A vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Virology, ErasmusMC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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