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Zhou X, Jin S, Pan J, Lin Q, Yang S, Ambe PC, Basharat Z, Zimmer V, Wang W, Hong W. Damage associated molecular patterns and neutrophil extracellular traps in acute pancreatitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:927193. [PMID: 36034701 PMCID: PMC9411527 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.927193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous researches have emphasized a trypsin-centered theory of acute pancreatitis (AP) for more than a century. With additional studies into the pathogenesis of AP, new mechanisms have been explored. Among them, the role of immune response bears great importance. Pro-inflammatory substances, especially damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), play an essential role in activating, signaling, and steering inflammation. Meanwhile, activated neutrophils attach great importance to the immune defense by forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which cause ductal obstruction, premature trypsinogen activation, and modulate inflammation. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in understanding the pathological role of DAMPs and NETs in AP and shed light on the flexible crosstalk between these vital inflammatory mediators. We, then highlight the potentially promising treatment for AP targeting DAMPs and NETs, with a focus on novel insights into the mechanism, diagnosis, and management of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengchun Jin
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Pan
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Lin
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaopeng Yang
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peter C. Ambe
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral Surgery and Coloproctology, Vinzenz-Pallotti-Hospital Bensberg, Bensberg, Germany
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Vincent Zimmer
- Department of Medicine, Marienhausklinik St. Josef Kohlhof, Neunkirchen, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wandong Hong, ; Wei Wang,
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wandong Hong, ; Wei Wang,
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Balla Z, Kormányos ES, Kui B, Bálint ER, Fűr G, Orján EM, Iványi B, Vécsei L, Fülöp F, Varga G, Harazin A, Tubak V, Deli MA, Papp C, Gácser A, Madácsy T, Venglovecz V, Maléth J, Hegyi P, Kiss L, Rakonczay Z. Kynurenic Acid and Its Analogue SZR-72 Ameliorate the Severity of Experimental Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702764. [PMID: 34745090 PMCID: PMC8567016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (AP) is not well understood, and the disease does not have specific therapy. Tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenic acid (KYNA) and its synthetic analogue SZR-72 are antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and have immune modulatory roles in several inflammatory diseases. Our aims were to investigate the effects of KYNA and SZR-72 on experimental AP and to reveal their possible mode of action. AP was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of L-ornithine-HCl (LO) in SPRD rats. Animals were pretreated with 75-300 mg/kg KYNA or SZR-72. Control animals were injected with physiological saline instead of LO, KYNA and/or SZR-72. Laboratory and histological parameters, as well as pancreatic and systemic circulation were measured to evaluate AP severity. Pancreatic heat shock protein-72 and IL-1β were measured by western blot and ELISA, respectively. Pancreatic expression of NMDAR1 was investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Viability of isolated pancreatic acinar cells in response to LO, KYNA, SZR-72 and/or NMDA administration was assessed by propidium-iodide assay. The effects of LO and/or SZR-72 on neutrophil granulocyte function was also studied. Almost all investigated laboratory and histological parameters of AP were significantly reduced by administration of 300 mg/kg KYNA or SZR-72, whereas the 150 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg doses were less or not effective, respectively. The decreased pancreatic microcirculation was also improved in the AP groups treated with 300 mg/kg KYNA or SZR-72. Interestingly, pancreatic heat shock protein-72 expression was significantly increased by administration of SZR-72, KYNA and/or LO. mRNA and protein expression of NMDAR1 was detected in pancreatic tissue. LO treatment caused acinar cell toxicity which was reversed by 250 µM KYNA or SZR-72. Treatment of acini with NMDA (25, 250, 2000 µM) did not influence the effects of KYNA or SZR-72. Moreover, SZR-72 reduced LO-induced H2O2 production of neutrophil granulocytes. KYNA and SZR-72 have dose-dependent protective effects on LO-induced AP or acinar toxicity which seem to be independent of pancreatic NMDA receptors. Furthermore, SZR-72 treatment suppressed AP-induced activation of neutrophil granulocytes. This study suggests that administration of KYNA and its derivative could be beneficial in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Balla
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Kui
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Réka Bálint
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Fűr
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erik Márk Orján
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Iványi
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Stereochemistry Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged Lendület Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Gácser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged Lendület Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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3
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Heat Shock Factor 1 Inhibits the Expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. Shock 2018; 50:465-471. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Levada K, Guldiken N, Zhang X, Vella G, Mo FR, James LP, Haybaeck J, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK, Ott T, Hartmann D, Hüser N, Ziol M, Trautwein C, Strnad P. Hsp72 protects against liver injury via attenuation of hepatocellular death, oxidative stress, and JNK signaling. J Hepatol 2018; 68:996-1005. [PMID: 29331340 PMCID: PMC9252261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 is a molecular chaperone that has broad cytoprotective functions and is upregulated in response to stress. To determine its hepatic functions, we studied its expression in human liver disorders and its biological significance in newly generated transgenic animals. METHODS Double transgenic mice overexpressing Hsp72 (gene Hspa1a) under the control of a tissue-specific tetracycline-inducible system (Hsp72-LAP mice) were produced. Acute liver injury was induced by a single injection of acetaminophen (APAP). Feeding with either a methionine choline-deficient (MCD; 8 weeks) or a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-supplemented diet (DDC; 12 weeks) was used to induce lipotoxic injury and Mallory-Denk body (MDB) formation, respectively. Primary hepatocytes were treated with palmitic acid. RESULTS Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic hepatitis C infection displayed elevated HSP72 levels. These levels increased with the extent of hepatic inflammation and HSP72 expression was induced after treatment with either interleukin (IL)-1β or IL-6. Hsp72-LAP mice exhibited robust, hepatocyte-specific Hsp72 overexpression. Primary hepatocytes from these animals were more resistant to isolation-induced stress and Hsp72-LAP mice displayed lower levels of hepatic injury in vivo. Mice overexpressing Hsp72 had fewer APAP protein adducts and were protected from oxidative stress and APAP-/MCD-induced cell death. Hsp72-LAP mice and/or hepatocytes displayed significantly attenuated Jnk activation. Overexpression of Hsp72 did not affect steatosis or the extent of MDB formation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that HSP72 induction occurs in human liver disease, thus, HSP72 represents an attractive therapeutic target owing to its broad hepatoprotective functions. LAY SUMMARY HSP72 constitutes a stress-inducible, protective protein. Our data demonstrate that it is upregulated in patients with chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Moreover, Hsp72-overexpressing mice are protected from various forms of liver stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Levada
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Center for Functionalized Magnetic Materials (FunMagMa), Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Nurdan Guldiken
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaoji Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Giovanna Vella
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Fa-Rong Mo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura P James
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, USA
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja M Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Ott
- Core Facility Transgenic Animals, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne Ziol
- Pathology Department, GH Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, Bondy, France; University Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Centre de Ressources Biologiques - Hôpital Jean Verdier, GH Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, Bondy, France
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Zeng H, Yang L, Zhang X, Chen Y, Cai J. Dioscin prevents LPS‑induced acute lung injury through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway via upregulation of HSP70. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6752-6758. [PMID: 29512786 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscin, as a type of important natural steroidal saponin, has widespread sources, primarily from the fenugreek plant, which is an important raw material in the production of synthetic steroid hormone drugs. Dioscin has anti‑tumor, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and other significant pharmacological effects with high medicinal value. The present work aimed to research the protective effect and underlying mechanisms by which dioscin prevents acute lung injury (ALI). Mice were injected with 5 mg/kg LPS to induce lung injury. Mice were treated with dioscin (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg) following LPS‑induced lung injury. Treatment with dioscin significantly decreased total number of alveolar macrophages, water content of lung and total protein concentration in ALI mice. Dioscin treatment significantly suppressed the ALI‑induced interleukin (IL)‑1B, IL‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α, nuclear factor (NF)‑κB, myeloperoxidase, interferon‑γ and intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 activities in ALI rats. Following this, the authors identified that dioscin significantly also suppressed cyclooxygenase‑2, heat shock protein 70, Toll‑like receptor 4, MyD88 and NF‑κB protein expression in ALI rats. The results suggested that dioscin prevents LPS‑induced ALI through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway via upregulation of HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Zeng
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Basic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, P.R. China
| | - Jianghang Cai
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, P.R. China
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6
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Effect of Endotoxemia in Suckling Rats on Pancreatic Integrity and Exocrine Function in Adults: A Review Report. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:6915059. [PMID: 29576768 PMCID: PMC5821989 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6915059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Endotoxin (LPS), the component of Gram-negative bacteria, is responsible for sepsis and neonatal mortality, but low concentrations of LPS produced tissue protection in experimental studies. The effects of LPS applied to the suckling rats on the pancreas of adult animals have not been previously explored. We present the impact of neonatal endotoxemia on the pancreatic exocrine function and on the acute pancreatitis which has been investigated in the adult animals. Endotoxemia was induced in suckling rats by intraperitoneal application of LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhi. In the adult rats, pretreated in the early period of life with LPS, histological manifestations of acute pancreatitis have been reduced. Pancreatic weight and plasma lipase activity were decreased, and SOD concentration was reversed and accompanied by a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation products (MDA + 4 HNE) in the pancreatic tissue. In the pancreatic acini, the significant increases in protein signals for toll-like receptor 4 and for heat shock protein 60 were found. Signal for the CCK1 receptor was reduced and pancreatic secretory responses to caerulein were diminished, whereas basal enzyme secretion was unaffected. These pioneer studies have shown that exposition of suckling rats to endotoxin has an impact on the pancreas in the adult organism.
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7
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Zhao Y, Xiong RP, Chen X, Li P, Ning YL, Yang N, Peng Y, Jiang YL, Zhou YG. Hsp90 regulation affects the treatment of glucocorticoid for pancreatitis-induced lung injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 440:189-197. [PMID: 28828564 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are commonly used for the treatment of pancreatitis and complicated acute lung injury and help to reduce the mortality rates of both. The effect of gene variants in heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a key chaperone molecule of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), on the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids is unclear. Our study aims to investigate the different susceptibility to glucocorticoid treatment in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice carrying different Hsp90 genotypes in an animal model of pancreatitis-induced lung injury. Compared with BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice have lower mortality rates, decreased water content in their lungs, and a lower level of IL-1 beta in an animal model of acute pancreatitis. C57BL/6 mice show a greater therapeutic effect and increased GR binding activities with glucocorticoid responsive element compared to BALB/c mice after a 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. Treatment with a higher dose of DEX (4 mg/kg) significantly reduced mortality rates and increased GR-GRE binding activity in both strains of mice, and there was no significant difference between the two strains. DEX did not exert a protective role after geldanamycin, a specific inhibitor of Hsp90, was administered in both strains of mice. Our study revealed that Hsp90 gene variants are responsible for the greater therapeutic effect of DEX in C57BL/6 mice compared to BALB/c mice, which implies that combining DEX treatment with Hsp90 regulation would promote the efficiency of DEX and would be an effective way to alleviate the side effects of hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ren-Ping Xiong
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ping Li
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ya-Lei Ning
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu-Lin Jiang
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuan-Guo Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Lunova M, Schwarz P, Nuraldeen R, Levada K, Kuscuoglu D, Stützle M, Vujić Spasić M, Haybaeck J, Ruchala P, Jirsa M, Deschemin JC, Vaulont S, Trautwein C, Strnad P. Hepcidin knockout mice spontaneously develop chronic pancreatitis owing to cytoplasmic iron overload in acinar cells. J Pathol 2016; 241:104-114. [PMID: 27741349 DOI: 10.1002/path.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron is both an essential and a potentially toxic element, and its systemic homeostasis is controlled by the iron hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin binds to the cellular iron exporter ferroportin, causes its degradation, and thereby diminishes iron uptake from the intestine and the release of iron from macrophages. Given that hepcidin-resistant ferroportin mutant mice show exocrine pancreas dysfunction, we analysed pancreata of aging hepcidin knockout (KO) mice. Hepcidin and Hfe KO mice were compared with wild-type (WT) mice kept on standard or iron-rich diets. Twelve-month-old hepcidin KO mice were subjected to daily minihepcidin PR73 treatment for 1 week. Six-month-old hepcidin KO mice showed cytoplasmic acinar iron overload and mild pancreatitis, together with elevated expression of the iron uptake mediators DMT1 and Zip14. Acinar atrophy, massive macrophage infiltration, fatty changes and pancreas fibrosis were noted in 1-year-old hepcidin KO mice. As an underlying mechanism, 6-month-old hepcidin KO mice showed increased pancreatic oxidative stress, with elevated DNA damage, apoptosis and activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling. Neither iron overload nor pancreatic damage was observed in WT mice fed iron-rich diet or in Hfe KO mice. Minihepcidin application to hepcidin KO mice led to an improvement in general health status and to iron redistribution from acinar cells to macrophages. It also resulted in decreased NF-κB activation and reduced DNA damage. In conclusion, loss of hepcidin signalling in mice leads to iron overload-induced chronic pancreatitis that is not seen in situations with less severe iron accumulation. The observed tissue injury can be reversed by hepcidin supplementation. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Lunova
- Department of Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peggy Schwarz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Renwar Nuraldeen
- Department of Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Levada
- Department of Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Deniz Kuscuoglu
- Department of Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Stützle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maja Vujić Spasić
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Piotr Ruchala
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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9
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Kui B, Balla Z, Vasas B, Végh ET, Pallagi P, Kormányos ES, Venglovecz V, Iványi B, Takács T, Hegyi P, Rakonczay Z. New insights into the methodology of L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117588. [PMID: 25688985 PMCID: PMC4331527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are ideal to study the pathomechanism and therapy of acute pancreatitis (AP). The use of L-arginine-induced AP model is nowadays becoming increasingly popular in mice. However, carefully looking through the literature, marked differences in disease severity could be observed. In fact, while setting up the L-arginine (2×4 g/kg i.p.)-induced AP model in BALB/c mice, we found a relatively low rate (around 15%) of pancreatic necrosis, whereas others have detected much higher rates (up to 55%). We suspected that this may be due to differences between mouse strains. We administered various concentrations (5–30%, pH = 7.4) and doses (2×4, 3×3, or 4×2.5 g/kg) of L-arginine-HCl in BALB/c, FVB/n and C57BL/6 mice. The potential gender-specific effect of L-arginine was investigated in C57BL/6 mice. The fate of mice in response to the i.p. injections of L arginine followed one of three courses. Some mice (1) developed severe AP or (2) remained AP-free by 72 h, whereas others (3) had to be euthanized (to avoid their death, which was caused by the high dose of L-arginine and not AP) within 12 h., In FVB/n and C57BL/6 mice, the pancreatic necrosis rate (about 50%) was significantly higher than that observed in BALB/c mice using 2×4 g/kg 10% L–arginine, but euthanasia was necessary in a large proportion of animals, The i.p. injection of lower L-arginine concentrations (e.g. 5–8%) in case of the 2×4 g/kg dose, or other L-arginine doses (3×3 or 4×2.5 g/kg, 10%) were better for inducing AP. We could not detect any significant differences between the AP severity of male and female mice. Taken together, when setting up the L-arginine-induced AP model, there are several important factors that are worth consideration such as the dose and concentration of the administered L arginine-HCl solution and also the strain of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Kui
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Balla
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Vasas
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter T. Végh
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Pallagi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Iványi
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Takács
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged, Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Cao MH, Xu J, Cai HD, Lv ZW, Feng YJ, Li K, Chen CQ, Li YY. p38 MAPK inhibition alleviates experimental acute pancreatitis in mice. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015; 14:101-6. [PMID: 25655298 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway is involved in inflammatory process. However, the mechanism is not clear. The present study was to investigate the role of p38 MAPK in acute pancreatitis in mice. METHODS Mice were divided into 4 groups: saline control; acute pancreatitis induced with repeated injections of cerulein; control plus p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580; and acute pancreatitis plus SB203580. The pancreatic histology, pancreatic enzymes, cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, p38 MAPK and heat shock protein (HSP) 60 and 70 were evaluated. RESULTS Repeated injections of cerulein resulted in acute pancreatitis in mice, accompanying with the activation of p38 MAPK and overexpression of HSP60 and HSP70 in the pancreatic tissues. Treatment with SB203580 significantly inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK, and furthermore, inhibited the expression of HSP60 and HSP70 in the pancreas, the inflammatory cytokines in the serum, and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung. CONCLUSION The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of inflammatory response and the expression of HSP60 and HSP70 in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Binker MG, Cosen-Binker LI. Acute pancreatitis: The stress factor. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5801-5807. [PMID: 24914340 PMCID: PMC4024789 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that may cause life-threatening complications. Etiologies of pancreatitis vary, with gallstones accounting for the majority of all cases, followed by alcohol. Other causes of pancreatitis include trauma, ischemia, mechanical obstruction, infections, autoimmune, hereditary, and drugs. The main events occurring in the pancreatic acinar cell that initiate and propagate acute pancreatitis include inhibition of secretion, intracellular activation of proteases, and generation of inflammatory mediators. Small cytokines known as chemokines are released from damaged pancreatic cells and attract inflammatory cells, whose systemic action ultimately determined the severity of the disease. Indeed, severe forms of pancreatitis may result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, characterized by a progressive physiologic failure of several interdependent organ systems. Stress occurs when homeostasis is threatened, and stressors can include physical or mental forces, or combinations of both. Depending on the timing and duration, stress can result in beneficial or harmful consequences. While it is well established that a previous acute-short-term stress decreases the severity of experimentally-induced pancreatitis, the worsening effects of chronic stress on the exocrine pancreas have received relatively little attention. This review will focus on the influence of both prior acute-short-term and chronic stress in acute pancreatitis.
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Recent advances in the investigation of pancreatic inflammation induced by large doses of basic amino acids in rodents. J Transl Med 2014; 94:138-49. [PMID: 24365745 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known for approximately 30 years that large doses of the semi-essential basic amino acid L-arginine induce severe pancreatic inflammation in rats. Recently, it has been demonstrated that L-arginine can also induce pancreatitis in mice. Moreover, other basic amino acids like L-ornithine and L-lysine can cause exocrine pancreatic damage without affecting the endocrine parenchyma and the ducts in rats. The utilization of these noninvasive severe basic amino acid-induced pancreatitis models is becoming increasingly popular and appreciated as these models nicely reproduce most laboratory and morphological features of human pancreatitis. Consequently, the investigation of basic amino acid-induced pancreatitis may offer us a better understanding of the pathogenesis and possible treatment options of the human disease.
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Murakami A. Modulation of protein quality control systems by food phytochemicals. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 52:215-27. [PMID: 23704811 PMCID: PMC3652296 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.12-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence showing that dietary phytochemicals have exhibited pronounced bioactivities in a number of experimental models. In addition, a variety of epidemiological surveys have demonstrated that frequent ingestion of vegetables and fruits, which contain abundant phytochemicals, lowers the risk of onset of some diseases. However, the action mechanisms by which dietary phytochemicals show bioactivity remain to be fully elucidated and a fundamental question is why this class of chemicals has great potential for regulating health. Meanwhile, maintenance and repair of biological proteins by molecular chaperones, such as heat shock proteins, and clearance of abnormal proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy play central roles in health, some disease prevention, and longevity. Interestingly, several recent studies have revealed that phytochemicals, including curcumin (yellow pigment in turmeric), resveratrol (phytoalexin in grapes), quercetin (general flavonol in onions and others), and isothiocyanates (preferentially present in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and cabbage), are remarkable regulators of protein quality control systems, suggesting that their physiological and biological functions are exerted, at least in part, through activation of such unique mechanisms. This review article highlights recent findings regarding the effects of representative phytochemicals on protein quality control systems and their possible molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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