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Timm S, Klaas N, Niemann J, Jahnke K, Alseekh S, Zhang Y, Souza PVL, Hou LY, Cosse M, Selinski J, Geigenberger P, Daloso DM, Fernie AR, Hagemann M. Thioredoxins o1 and h2 jointly adjust mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-dependent pathways towards changing environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2542-2560. [PMID: 38518065 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are central to redox regulation, modulating enzyme activities to adapt metabolism to environmental changes. Previous research emphasized mitochondrial and microsomal TRX o1 and h2 influence on mitochondrial metabolism, including photorespiration and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our study aimed to compare TRX-based regulation circuits towards environmental cues mainly affecting photorespiration. Metabolite snapshots, phenotypes and CO2 assimilation were compared among single and multiple TRX mutants in the wild-type and the glycine decarboxylase T-protein knockdown (gldt1) background. Our analyses provided evidence for additive negative effects of combined TRX o1 and h2 deficiency on growth and photosynthesis. Especially metabolite accumulation patterns suggest a shared regulation mechanism mainly on mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (mtLPD1)-dependent pathways. Quantification of pyridine nucleotides, in conjunction with 13C-labelling approaches, and biochemical analysis of recombinant mtLPD1 supported this. It also revealed mtLPD1 inhibition by NADH, pointing at an additional measure to fine-tune it's activity. Collectively, we propose that lack of TRX o1 and h2 perturbs the mitochondrial redox state, which impacts on other pathways through shifts in the NADH/NAD+ ratio via mtLPD1. This regulation module might represent a node for simultaneous adjustments of photorespiration, the TCA cycle and branched chain amino acid degradation under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Klaas
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Janice Niemann
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jahnke
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paulo V L Souza
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Liang-Yu Hou
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maike Cosse
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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2
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Walker B, Schmiege SC, Sharkey TD. Re-evaluating the energy balance of the many routes of carbon flow through and from photorespiration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38804248 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an essential process related to photosynthesis that is initiated following the oxygenation reaction catalyzed by rubisco, the initial enzyme of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. This reaction produces an inhibitory intermediate that is recycled back into the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle by photorespiration which requires the use of energy and the release of a portion of the carbon as CO2. The energy use and CO2 release of canonical photorespiration form a foundation for biochemical models used to describe and predict leaf carbon exchange and energy use (ATP and NAPDH). The ATP and NADPH demand of canonical photorespiration is thought to be different than that of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, requiring increased flexibility in the ratio of ATP and NADPH from the light reactions. Photorespiration requires many reactions across the chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes and involves many intermediates. Growing evidence indicates that these intermediates do not all stay in photorespiration as typically assumed and instead feed into other aspects of metabolism and leave as glycine, serine, and methylene-THF. Here we discuss how alternative flux through and from canonical photorespiration alters the ATP and NADPH requirements of metabolism following rubisco oxygenation using additional derivations of biochemical models of leaf photosynthesis and energetics. Using these new derivations, we determine that the ATP and NADPH demands of photorespiration are highly sensitive to alternative flux in ways that fundamentally changes how photorespiration contributes to the ratio of total ATP and NADPH demand. Specifically, alternative flows of carbon through photorespiration could reduce ATP and NADPH demand ratio to values below what is produced from linear electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkley Walker
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie C Schmiege
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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3
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Smith K, Strand DD, Kramer DM, Walker BJ. The role of photorespiration in preventing feedback regulation via ATP synthase in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:416-428. [PMID: 37937663 PMCID: PMC10842328 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration consumes substantial amounts of energy in the forms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reductant making the pathway an important component in leaf energetics. Because of this high reductant demand, photorespiration is proposed to act as a photoprotective electron sink. However, photorespiration consumes more ATP relative to reductant than the C3 cycle meaning increased flux disproportionally increases ATP demand relative to reductant. Here we explore how energetic consumption from photorespiration impacts the flexibility of the light reactions in nicotiana tabacum. Specifically, we demonstrate that decreased photosynthetic efficiency (ϕII ) at low photorespiratory flux was related to feedback regulation at the chloroplast ATP synthase. Additionally, decreased ϕII at high photorespiratory flux resulted in the accumulation of photoinhibition at photosystem II centers. These results are contrary to the proposed role of photorespiration as a photoprotective electron sink. Instead, our results suggest a novel role of ATP consumption from photorespiration in maintaining ATP synthase activity, with implications for maintaining energy balance and preventing photodamage that will be critical for plant engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila Smith
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Biotechnology for Health and Sustainability Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David M. Kramer
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Berkley J. Walker
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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4
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Plett A, Westhoff P, Linka N. Analysis of Photorespiratory Intermediates Under Transient Conditions by Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2792:187-194. [PMID: 38861088 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3802-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an essential process of phototropic organisms caused by the limited ability of rubisco to distinguish between CO2 and O2. To understand the metabolic flux through the photorespiratory pathway, we combined a mass spectrometry-based approach with a shift experiment from elevated CO2 (3000 ppm) to ambient CO2 (390 ppm). Here, we describe a protocol for quantifying photorespiratory intermediates, starting from plant cultivation through extraction and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasija Plett
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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5
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Zhang S, Wang B, Li Q, Hui W, Yang L, Wang Z, Zhang W, Yue F, Liu N, Li H, Lu F, Zhang K, Zeng Q, Wu AM. CRISPR/Cas9 mutated p-coumaroyl shikimate 3'-hydroxylase 3 gene in Populus tomentosa reveals lignin functioning on supporting tree upright. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126762. [PMID: 37683750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The lignin plays one of the most important roles in plant secondary metabolism. However, it is still unclear how lignin can contribute to the impressive height of wood growth. In this study, C3'H, a rate-limiting enzyme of the lignin pathway, was used as the target gene. C3'H3 was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 in Populus tomentosa. Compared with wild-type popular trees, c3'h3 mutants exhibited dwarf phenotypes, collapsed xylem vessels, weakened phloem thickening, decreased hydraulic conductivity and photosynthetic efficiency, and reduced auxin content, except for reduced total lignin content and significantly increased H-subunit lignin. In the c3'h3 mutant, the flavonoid biosynthesis genes CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANR, and LAR were upregulated, and flavonoid metabolite accumulations were detected, indicating that decreasing the lignin biosynthesis pathway enhanced flavonoid metabolic flux. Furthermore, flavonoid metabolites, such as naringenin and hesperetin, were largely increased, while higher hesperetin content suppressed plant cell division. Thus, studying the c3'h3 mutant allows us to deduce that lignin deficiency suppresses tree growth and leads to the dwarf phenotype due to collapsed xylem and thickened phloem, limiting material exchanges and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenkai Hui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Linjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengxia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fachuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Biochemistry and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Qingyin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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6
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Saini D, Bharath P, Gahir S, Raghavendra AS. Suppression of photorespiratory metabolism by low O 2 and presence of aminooxyacetic acid induces oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1851-1861. [PMID: 38222271 PMCID: PMC10784248 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Photorespiration, an essential component of plant metabolism, was upregulated under abiotic stress conditions, such as high light or drought. One of the signals for such upregulation was the rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Photorespiration was expected to mitigate oxidative stress by reducing ROS levels. However, it was unclear if ROS levels would increase when photorespiration was lowered. Our goal was to examine the redox status in leaves when photorespiratory metabolism was restricted under low O2 (medium flushed with N2 gas) or by adding aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), a photorespiratory inhibitor. We examined the impact of low O2 and AOA in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana under dark, moderate, or high light. Downregulation of typical photorespiratory enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glycolate oxidase (GO), and phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGLP) under low O2 or with AOA confirmed the lowering of photorespiratory metabolism. A marked increase in ROS levels (superoxide and H2O2) indicated the induction of oxidative stress. Thus, our results demonstrated for the first time that restricted photorespiratory conditions increased the extent of oxidative stress. We propose that photorespiration is essential to sustain normal ROS levels and optimize metabolism in cellular compartments of Arabidopsis leaves. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01388-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Saini
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Pulimamidi Bharath
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Shashibhushan Gahir
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Agepati S. Raghavendra
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
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7
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Walsh CA. Bringing home the carbon: photorespiratory CO2 recovery shows diverse efficiency in Brassicaceae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6399-6404. [PMID: 37988174 PMCID: PMC10662227 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:Schlüter U, Bouvier JW, Guerreiro R, Malisic M, Kontny C, Westhoff P, Stich B, Weber APM. 2023. Brassicaceae display variation in efficiency of photorespiratory carbon-recapturing mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 6631–6649.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Walsh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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8
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Lin YC, Tsay YF. Study of vacuole glycerate transporter NPF8.4 reveals a new role of photorespiration in C/N balance. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:803-816. [PMID: 37055555 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory intermediate glycerate is known to be shuttled between the peroxisome and chloroplast. Here, localization of NPF8.4 in the tonoplast, together with the reduced vacuolar glycerate content displayed by an npf8.4 mutant and the glycerate efflux activity detected in an oocyte expression system, identifies NPF8.4 as a tonoplast glycerate influx transporter. Our study shows that expression of NPF8.4 and most photorespiration-associated genes, as well as the photorespiration rate, is upregulated in response to short-term nitrogen (N) depletion. We report growth retardation and early senescence phenotypes for npf8.4 mutants specifically upon N depletion, suggesting that the NPF8.4-mediated regulatory pathway for sequestering the photorespiratory carbon intermediate glycerate in vacuoles is important to alleviate the impact of an increased C/N ratio under N deficiency. Thus, our study of NPF8.4 reveals a novel role for photorespiration in N flux to cope with short-term N depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Baker A, Lin CC, Lett C, Karpinska B, Wright MH, Foyer CH. Catalase: A critical node in the regulation of cell fate. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:56-66. [PMID: 36775107 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is an extensively studied if somewhat enigmatic enzyme that is at the heart of eukaryotic antioxidant systems with a canonical role in peroxisomal function. The CAT family of proteins exert control over a wide range of plant growth and defence processes. CAT proteins are subject to many types of post-translational modification (PTM), which modify activity, ligand binding, stability, compartmentation and function. The CAT interactome involves many cytosolic and nuclear proteins that appear to be essential for protein functions. Hence, the CAT network of roles extends far beyond those associated with peroxisomal metabolism. Some pathogen effector proteins are able to redirect CAT to the nucleus and recent evidence indicates CAT can traffic to the nucleus in the absence of exogenous proteins. While the mechanisms that target CAT to the nucleus are not understood, CAT activity in the cytosol and nucleus is promoted by interactions with nucleoredoxin. Here we discuss recent findings that have been pivotal in generating a step change in our understanding of CAT functions in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Baker
- Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Chi-Chuan Lin
- Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Casey Lett
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Megan H Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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10
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Walsh CA, Bräutigam A, Roberts MR, Lundgren MR. Evolutionary implications of C2 photosynthesis: how complex biochemical trade-offs may limit C4 evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:707-722. [PMID: 36437625 PMCID: PMC9899418 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The C2 carbon-concentrating mechanism increases net CO2 assimilation by shuttling photorespiratory CO2 in the form of glycine from mesophyll to bundle sheath cells, where CO2 concentrates and can be re-assimilated. This glycine shuttle also releases NH3 and serine into the bundle sheath, and modelling studies suggest that this influx of NH3 may cause a nitrogen imbalance between the two cell types that selects for the C4 carbon-concentrating mechanism. Here we provide an alternative hypothesis outlining mechanisms by which bundle sheath NH3 and serine play vital roles to not only influence the status of C2 plants along the C3 to C4 evolutionary trajectory, but to also convey stress tolerance to these unique plants. Our hypothesis explains how an optimized bundle sheath nitrogen hub interacts with sulfur and carbon metabolism to mitigate the effects of high photorespiratory conditions. While C2 photosynthesis is typically cited for its intermediary role in C4 photosynthesis evolution, our alternative hypothesis provides a mechanism to explain why some C2 lineages have not made this transition. We propose that stress resilience, coupled with open flux tricarboxylic acid and photorespiration pathways, conveys an advantage to C2 plants in fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Walsh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universität str. 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael R Roberts
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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11
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Fu X, Gregory LM, Weise SE, Walker BJ. Integrated flux and pool size analysis in plant central metabolism reveals unique roles of glycine and serine during photorespiration. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:169-178. [PMID: 36536013 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an essential process juxtaposed between plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism that responds to dynamic environments. Photorespiration recycles inhibitory intermediates arising from oxygenation reactions catalysed by Rubisco back into the C3 cycle, but it is unclear what proportions of its nitrogen-containing intermediates (glycine and serine) are exported into other metabolisms in vivo and how these pool sizes affect net CO2 gas exchange during photorespiratory transients. Here, to address this uncertainty, we measured rates of amino acid export from photorespiration using isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis. This analysis revealed that ~23-41% of the photorespiratory carbon was exported from the pathway as serine under various photorespiratory conditions. Furthermore, we determined that the build-up and relaxation of glycine pools constrained a large portion of photosynthetic acclimation during photorespiratory transients. These results reveal the unique and important roles of glycine and serine in successfully maintaining various photorespiratory fluxes that occur under environmental fluctuations in nature and providing carbon and nitrogen for metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Luke M Gregory
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sean E Weise
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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12
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Bauwe H. Photorespiration - Rubisco's repair crew. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153899. [PMID: 36566670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory repair pathway (photorespiration in short) was set up from ancient metabolic modules about three billion years ago in cyanobacteria, the later ancestors of chloroplasts. These prokaryotes developed the capacity for oxygenic photosynthesis, i.e. the use of water as a source of electrons and protons (with O2 as a by-product) for the sunlight-driven synthesis of ATP and NADPH for CO2 fixation in the Calvin cycle. However, the CO2-binding enzyme, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (known under the acronym Rubisco), is not absolutely selective for CO2 and can also use O2 in a side reaction. It then produces 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG), the accumulation of which would inhibit and potentially stop the Calvin cycle and subsequently photosynthetic electron transport. Photorespiration removes the 2-PG and in this way prevents oxygenic photosynthesis from poisoning itself. In plants, the core of photorespiration consists of ten enzymes distributed over three different types of organelles, requiring interorganellar transport and interaction with several auxiliary enzymes. It goes together with the release and to some extent loss of freshly fixed CO2. This disadvantageous feature can be suppressed by CO2-concentrating mechanisms, such as those that evolved in C4 plants thirty million years ago, which enhance CO2 fixation and reduce 2PG synthesis. Photorespiration itself provided a pioneer variant of such mechanisms in the predecessors of C4 plants, C3-C4 intermediate plants. This article is a review and update particularly on the enzyme components of plant photorespiration and their catalytic mechanisms, on the interaction of photorespiration with other metabolism and on its impact on the evolution of photosynthesis. This focus was chosen because a better knowledge of the enzymes involved and how they are embedded in overall plant metabolism can facilitate the targeted use of the now highly advanced methods of metabolic network modelling and flux analysis. Understanding photorespiration more than before as a process that enables, rather than reduces, plant photosynthesis, will help develop rational strategies for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Bauwe
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051, Rostock, Germany.
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13
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Transcriptional Comparison of Genes Associated with Photosynthesis, Photorespiration, and Photo-Assimilate Allocation and Metabolic Profiling of Rice Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168901. [PMID: 36012167 PMCID: PMC9408291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing human population alongside environmental deterioration has presented a pressing demand for increased food production per unit area. As a consequence, considerable research effort is currently being expended in assessing approaches to enhance crop yields. One such approach is to harness the allelic variation lost in domestication. This is of particular importance since crop wild relatives often exhibit better tolerance to abiotic stresses. Here, we wanted to address the question as to why wild rice species have decreased grain production despite being characterized by enhanced rates of photosynthesis. In order to do so, we selected ten rice species on the basis of the presence of genome information, life span, the prominence of distribution, and habitat type and evaluated the expression of genes in photosynthesis, photorespiration, sucrose and starch synthesis, sucrose transport, and primary and secondary cell walls. We additionally measured the levels of a range of primary metabolites via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the wild rice species exhibited not only higher photosynthesis but also superior CO2 recovery by photorespiration; showed greater production of photosynthates such as soluble sugars and starch and quick transportation to the sink organs with a possibility of transporting forms such as RFOs, revealing the preferential consumption of soluble sugars to develop both primary and secondary cell walls; and, finally, displayed high glutamine/glutamic acid ratios, indicating that they likely exhibited high N-use efficiency. The findings from the current study thus identify directions for future rice improvement through breeding.
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Altensell J, Wartenberg R, Haferkamp I, Hassler S, Scherer V, Steensma P, Fitzpatrick TB, Sharma A, Sandoval-Ibañez O, Pribil M, Lehmann M, Leister D, Kleine T, Neuhaus HE. Loss of a pyridoxal-phosphate phosphatase rescues Arabidopsis lacking an endoplasmic reticulum ATP carrier. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:49-65. [PMID: 35139220 PMCID: PMC9070803 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located ATP/ADP-antiporter (ER-ANT1) occurs specifically in vascular plants. Structurally different transporters mediate energy provision to the ER, but the cellular function of ER-ANT1 is still unknown. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking ER-ANT1 (er-ant1 plants) exhibit a photorespiratory phenotype accompanied by high glycine levels and stunted growth, pointing to an inhibition of glycine decarboxylase (GDC). To reveal whether it is possible to suppress this marked phenotype, we exploited the power of a forward genetic screen. Absence of a so far uncharacterized member of the HaloAcid Dehalogenase (HAD)-like hydrolase family strongly suppressed the dwarf phenotype of er-ant1 plants. Localization studies suggested that the corresponding protein locates to chloroplasts, and activity assays showed that the enzyme dephosphorylates, with high substrate affinity, the B6 vitamer pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Additional physiological experiments identified imbalances in vitamin B6 homeostasis in er-ant1 mutants. Our data suggest that impaired chloroplast metabolism, but not decreased GDC activity, causes the er-ant1 mutant dwarf phenotype. We present a hypothesis, setting transport of PLP by ER-ANT1 and chloroplastic PLP dephosphorylation in the cellular context. With the identification of this HAD-type PLP phosphatase, we also provide insight into B6 vitamer homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Altensell
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67653, Germany
| | - Ruth Wartenberg
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67653, Germany
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67653, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hassler
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67653, Germany
| | - Vanessa Scherer
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67653, Germany
| | - Priscille Steensma
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Omar Sandoval-Ibañez
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67653, Germany
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Saunders HA, Calzadilla PI, Schwartz JM, Johnson GN. Cytosolic fumarase acts as a metabolic fail-safe for both high and low temperature acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2112-2124. [PMID: 34951633 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants acclimate their photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) in response to changing environmental conditions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, photosynthetic acclimation to cold requires the accumulation of the organic acid fumarate, catalysed by a cytosolically localized fumarase, FUM2. However, the role of this accumulation is currently unknown. Here, we use an integrated experimental and modelling approach to examine the role of FUM2 and fumarate across the physiological temperature range. We have studied three genotypes: Col-0; a fum2 mutant in a Col-0 background; and C24, an accession with reduced FUM2 expression. While low temperature causes an increase in Pmax in the Col-0 plants, this parameter decreases following exposure of plants to 30 °C for 7 d. Plants in which fumarate accumulation is partially (C24) or completely (fum2) abolished show a reduced acclimation of Pmax across the physiological temperature range (i.e. Pmax changes less in response to changing temperature). To understand the role of fumarate accumulation, we have adapted a reliability engineering technique, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), to formalize a rigorous approach for ranking metabolites according to the potential risk that they pose to the metabolic system. FMEA identifies fumarate as a low-risk metabolite, while its precursor, malate, is shown to be high risk and liable to cause system instability. We propose that the role of FUM2 is to provide a fail-safe in order to control malate concentration, maintaining system stability in a changing environment. We suggest that FMEA is a technique that is not only useful in understanding plant metabolism but can also be used to study reliability in other systems and synthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena A Saunders
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Pablo I Calzadilla
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Giles N Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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16
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Liu JY, He ZD, Leung DWM, Zeng SS, Cui LL, Peng XX. Molecular, biochemical and enzymatic characterization of photorespiratory 2-phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGLP1) in rice. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:510-516. [PMID: 35083835 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGLP, EC3.1.3.18) is a key enzyme in photorespiration. However, genes encoding the rice photorespiratory PGLP have not yet been identified or characterized. Here, PGLP for photorespiration in rice was identified and its enzymatic properties were investigated. In order to define the function of PGLP homologs, rice PGLP mutants were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9, the transcriptional expressions were analyzed by RT-qPCR, and subcellular localizations were detected via rice protoplast transient expression analysis. Based on sequence alignment, proteins encoded by genes OsPGLP1, OsPGLP2, and OsPGLP3 in the rice genome were predicted to have PGLP activity. Subsequent experimentation showed that OsPGLP1 and OsPGLP3 are chloroplast proteins, while OsPGLP2 is localized in the cytoplasm. In rice leaves, levels of PGLP1 transcript were substantially higher than those of PGLP2 and PGLP3, whereas in roots, levels of PGLP2 transcript were higher than those of PGLP1 and PGLP3. There was no detectable PGLP activity in leaves of the OsPGLP1 mutant, which was non-viable in ambient air condition (400 ppm CO2 ) and high CO2 (4000 ppm) was unable to restore normal growth. In contrast, mutations of PGLP2 or PGLP3 did not result in visible phenotypes and the leaf PGLP activities were also unaffected It is suggested that PGLP1, encoded by Os04g0490800, is responsible for photorespiration. Furthermore, PGLP1 is a dimer with an apparent molecular mass of ca.65 kDa, and its Km is 272 μM, with a higher broad optimum pH (7.5 to 10.0) for PGLP activity than that in other higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z-D He
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D W M Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S-S Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L-L Cui
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X-X Peng
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Dellero Y, Mauve C, Jossier M, Hodges M. The Impact of Photorespiratory Glycolate Oxidase Activity on Arabidopsis thaliana Leaf Soluble Amino Acid Pool Sizes during Acclimation to Low Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080501. [PMID: 34436442 PMCID: PMC8399254 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Photorespiration is a metabolic process that removes toxic 2-phosphoglycolate produced by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. It is essential for plant growth under ambient air, and it can play an important role under stress conditions that reduce CO2 entry into the leaf thus enhancing photorespiration. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of photorespiration on Arabidopsis thaliana leaf amino acid metabolism under low atmospheric CO2 concentrations. To achieve this, wild-type plants and photorespiratory glycolate oxidase (gox) mutants were given either short-term (4 h) or long-term (1 to 8 d) low atmospheric CO2 concentration treatments and leaf amino acid levels were measured and analyzed. Low CO2 treatments rapidly decreased net CO2 assimilation rate and triggered a broad reconfiguration of soluble amino acids. The most significant changes involved photorespiratory Gly and Ser, aromatic and branched-chain amino acids as well as Ala, Asp, Asn, Arg, GABA and homoSer. While the Gly/Ser ratio increased in all Arabidopsis lines between air and low CO2 conditions, low CO2 conditions led to a higher increase in both Gly and Ser contents in gox1 and gox2.2 mutants when compared to wild-type and gox2.1 plants. Results are discussed with respect to potential limiting enzymatic steps with a special emphasis on photorespiratory aminotransferase activities and the complexity of photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younès Dellero
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Caroline Mauve
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, National Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Université de Paris, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, National Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Université de Paris, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, National Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Université de Paris, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.M.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (M.H.)
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18
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Metabolite Profiling in Arabidopsisthaliana with Moderately Impaired Photorespiration Reveals Novel Metabolic Links and Compensatory Mechanisms of Photorespiration. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060391. [PMID: 34203750 PMCID: PMC8232240 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Photorespiration is an integral component of plant primary metabolism. Accordingly, it has been often observed that impairing the photorespiratory flux negatively impacts other cellular processes. In this study, the metabolic acclimation of the Arabidopsisthaliana wild type was compared with the hydroxypyruvate reductase 1 (HPR1; hpr1) mutant, displaying only a moderately reduced photorespiratory flux. Plants were analyzed during development and under varying photoperiods with a combination of non-targeted and targeted metabolome analysis, as well as 13C- and 14C-labeling approaches. The results showed that HPR1 deficiency is more critical for photorespiration during the vegetative compared to the regenerative growth phase. A shorter photoperiod seems to slowdown the photorespiratory metabolite conversion mostly at the glycerate kinase and glycine decarboxylase steps compared to long days. It is demonstrated that even a moderate impairment of photorespiration severely reduces the leaf-carbohydrate status and impacts on sulfur metabolism. Isotope labeling approaches revealed an increased CO2 release from hpr1 leaves, most likely occurring from enhanced non-enzymatic 3-hydroxypyruvate decarboxylation and a higher flux from serine towards ethanolamine through serine decarboxylase. Collectively, the study provides evidence that the moderate hpr1 mutant is an excellent tool to unravel the underlying mechanisms governing the regulation of metabolic linkages of photorespiration with plant primary metabolism.
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19
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Bapatla RB, Saini D, Aswani V, Rajsheel P, Sunil B, Timm S, Raghavendra AS. Modulation of Photorespiratory Enzymes by Oxidative and Photo-Oxidative Stress Induced by Menadione in Leaves of Pea ( Pisum sativum). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050987. [PMID: 34063541 PMCID: PMC8156035 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration, an essential component of plant metabolism, is concerted across four subcellular compartments, namely, chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion, and the cytoplasm. It is unclear how the pathway located in different subcellular compartments respond to stress occurring exclusively in one of those. We attempted to assess the inter-organelle interaction during the photorespiratory pathway. For that purpose, we induced oxidative stress by menadione (MD) in mitochondria and photo-oxidative stress (high light) in chloroplasts. Subsequently, we examined the changes in selected photorespiratory enzymes, known to be located in other subcellular compartments. The presence of MD upregulated the transcript and protein levels of five chosen photorespiratory enzymes in both normal and high light. Peroxisomal glycolate oxidase and catalase activities increased by 50% and 25%, respectively, while chloroplastic glycerate kinase and phosphoglycolate phosphatase increased by ~30%. The effect of MD was maximum in high light, indicating photo-oxidative stress was an influential factor to regulate photorespiration. Oxidative stress created in mitochondria caused a coordinative upregulation of photorespiration in other organelles. We provided evidence that reactive oxygen species are important signals for inter-organelle communication during photorespiration. Thus, MD can be a valuable tool to modulate the redox state in plant cells to study the metabolic consequences across membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B. Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Vetcha Aswani
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Pidakala Rajsheel
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Bobba Sunil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Agepati S. Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: or
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20
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Cui L, Zhang C, Li Z, Xian T, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhu G, Peng X. Two plastidic glycolate/glycerate translocator 1 isoforms function together to transport photorespiratory glycolate and glycerate in rice chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2584-2599. [PMID: 33483723 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory pathway is highly compartmentalized. As such, metabolite shuttles between organelles are critical to ensure efficient photorespiratory carbon flux. Arabidopsis plastidic glycolate/glycerate translocator 1 (PLGG1) has been reported as a key chloroplastic glycolate/glycerate transporter. Two homologous genes, OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b, have been identified in the rice genome, although their distinct functions and relationships remain unknown. Herein, our analysis of exogenous expression in oocytes and yeast shows that both OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b have the ability to transport glycolate and glycerate. Furthermore, we demonstrate in planta that the perturbation of OsPLGG1a or OsPLGG1b expression leads to extensive accumulation of photorespiratory metabolites, especially glycolate and glycerate. Under ambient CO2 conditions, loss-of-function osplgg1a or osplgg1b mutant plants exhibited significant decreases in photosynthesis efficiency, starch accumulation, plant height, and crop productivity. These morphological defects were almost entirely recovered when the mutant plants were grown under elevated CO2 conditions. In contrast to osplgg1a, osplgg1b mutant alleles produced a mild photorespiratory phenotype and had reduced accumulation of photorespiratory metabolites. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b are located in the inner and outer membranes of the chloroplast envelope, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b have a direct interaction. Our results indicate that both OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b are chloroplastic glycolate/glycerate transporters required for photorespiratory metabolism and plant growth, and that they may function as a singular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuxiu Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Environment-coupled models of leaf metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:119-129. [PMID: 33492365 PMCID: PMC7925006 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The plant leaf is the main site of photosynthesis. This process converts light energy and inorganic nutrients into chemical energy and organic building blocks for the biosynthesis and maintenance of cellular components and to support the growth of the rest of the plant. The leaf is also the site of gas–water exchange and due to its large surface, it is particularly vulnerable to pathogen attacks. Therefore, the leaf's performance and metabolic modes are inherently determined by its interaction with the environment. Mathematical models of plant metabolism have been successfully applied to study various aspects of photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen assimilation and metabolism, aided suggesting metabolic intervention strategies for optimized leaf performance, and gave us insights into evolutionary drivers of plant metabolism in various environments. With the increasing pressure to improve agricultural performance in current and future climates, these models have become important tools to improve our understanding of plant–environment interactions and to propel plant breeders efforts. This overview article reviews applications of large-scale metabolic models of leaf metabolism to study plant–environment interactions by means of flux-balance analysis. The presented studies are organized in two ways — by the way the environment interactions are modelled — via external constraints or data-integration and by the studied environmental interactions — abiotic or biotic.
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22
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Casiraghi FM, Landi M, Donnini S, Borlotti A, Zocchi G, Guidi L, Vigani G. Modulation of photorespiration and nitrogen recycling in Fe-deficient cucumber leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:142-150. [PMID: 32559518 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low Fe availability affects plant production mainly by impairing the photosynthetic pathway, since Fe plays an essential role in chlorophyll synthesis as well as in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Under these conditions, plant cells require the activation of protective mechanisms to prevent photo-inhibition. Among these mechanisms, photorespiration (PR) has been relatively little investigated in Fe-deficient plants. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of Fe deficiency on photorespiration by performing in vivo analysis in leaves as well as biochemical characterization of some PR-related enzyme activities in a peroxisome-purified fraction from cucumber leaves. Modelling of light response curves at both 21 and 2% pO2 revealed a slowing down of PR under Fe deficiency. The activity of some PR-involving enzymes as well as the contents of glycine and serine were affected under Fe deficiency. Furthermore, nitrate reductase, the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) cycle and hydroxypyruvate dehydrogenase isoform activities were differentially altered under Fe deficiency. The dataset indicates that, in Fe-deficient cucumber leaves, the modulation of PR involves the induction of some PR-related pathways, such as the photorespiratory N recycling and cytosolic photorespiratory bypass processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M Casiraghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Donnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Borlotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Graziano Zocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Biologia Dei Sistemi, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Italy.
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Timm S, Hagemann M. Photorespiration-how is it regulated and how does it regulate overall plant metabolism? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3955-3965. [PMID: 32274517 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Under the current atmospheric conditions, oxygenic photosynthesis requires photorespiration to operate. In the presence of low CO2/O2 ratios, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) performs an oxygenase side reaction, leading to the formation of high amounts of 2-phosphoglycolate during illumination. Given that 2-phosphoglycolate is a potent inhibitor of photosynthetic carbon fixation, it must be immediately removed through photorespiration. The core photorespiratory cycle is orchestrated across three interacting subcellular compartments, namely chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria, and thus cross-talks with a multitude of other cellular processes. Over the past years, the metabolic interaction of photorespiration and photosynthetic CO2 fixation has attracted major interest because research has demonstrated the enhancement of C3 photosynthesis and growth through the genetic manipulation of photorespiration. However, to optimize future engineering approaches, it is also essential to improve our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of photorespiration. Here, we summarize recent progress regarding the steps that control carbon flux in photorespiration, eventually involving regulatory proteins and metabolites. In this regard, both genetic engineering and the identification of various layers of regulation point to glycine decarboxylase as the key enzyme to regulate and adjust the photorespiratory carbon flow. Potential implications of the regulation of photorespiration for acclimation to environmental changes along with open questions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Rostock, Germany
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Liu Y, Guérard F, Hodges M, Jossier M. Phosphomimetic T335D Mutation of Hydroxypyruvate Reductase 1 Modifies Cofactor Specificity and Impacts Arabidopsis Growth in Air. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:194-205. [PMID: 32156771 PMCID: PMC7210656 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an essential process in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms triggered by the oxygenase activity of Rubisco. In peroxisomes, photorespiratory HYDROXYPYRUVATE REDUCTASE1 (HPR1) catalyzes the conversion of hydroxypyruvate to glycerate together with the oxidation of a pyridine nucleotide cofactor. HPR1 regulation remains poorly understood; however, HPR1 phosphorylation at T335 has been reported. By comparing the kinetic properties of phosphomimetic (T335D), nonphosphorylatable (T335A), and wild-type recombinant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HPR1, it was found that HPR1-T335D exhibits reduced NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase activity while showing improved NADPH-dependent activity. Complementation of the Arabidopsis hpr1-1 mutant by either wild-type HPR1 or HPR1-T335A fully complemented the photorespiratory growth phenotype of hpr1-1 in ambient air, whereas HPR1-T335D-containing hpr1-1 plants remained smaller and had lower photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rates. Metabolite analyses indicated that these phenotypes were associated with subtle perturbations in the photorespiratory cycle of HPR1-T335D-complemented hpr1-1 rosettes compared to all other HPR1-containing lines. Therefore, T335 phosphorylation may play a role in the regulation of HPR1 activity in planta, although it was not required for growth under ambient air controlled conditions. Furthermore, improved NADP-dependent HPR1 activities in peroxisomes could not compensate for the reduced NADH-dependent HPR1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Liu
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Florence Guérard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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25
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Timm S, Woitschach F, Heise C, Hagemann M, Bauwe H. Faster Removal of 2-Phosphoglycolate through Photorespiration Improves Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Arabidopsis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120563. [PMID: 31810232 PMCID: PMC6963629 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration metabolizes 2-phosphoglyolate (2-PG) to avoid inhibition of carbon assimilation and allocation. In addition to 2-PG removal, photorespiration has been shown to play a role in stress protection. Here, we studied the impact of faster 2-PG degradation through overexpression of 2-PG phosphatase (PGLP) on the abiotic stress-response of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Two transgenic lines and the wild type were subjected to short-time high light and elevated temperature stress during gas exchange measurements. Furthermore, the same lines were exposed to long-term water shortage and elevated temperature stresses. Faster 2-PG degradation allowed maintenance of photosynthesis at combined light and temperatures stress and under water-limiting conditions. The PGLP-overexpressing lines also showed higher photosynthesis compared to the wild type if grown in high temperatures, which also led to increased starch accumulation and shifts in soluble sugar contents. However, only minor effects were detected on amino and organic acid levels. The wild type responded to elevated temperatures with elevated mRNA and protein levels of photorespiratory enzymes, while the transgenic lines displayed only minor changes. Collectively, these results strengthen our previous hypothesis that a faster photorespiratory metabolism improves tolerance against unfavorable environmental conditions, such as high light intensity and temperature as well as drought. In case of PGLP, the likely mechanism is alleviation of inhibitory feedback of 2-PG onto the Calvin–Benson cycle, facilitating carbon assimilation and accumulation of transitory starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)381-4986115; Fax: +49-(0)381-4986112
| | - Franziska Woitschach
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str.6, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carolin Heise
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
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Singer SD, Soolanayakanahally RY, Foroud NA, Kroebel R. Biotechnological strategies for improved photosynthesis in a future of elevated atmospheric CO 2. PLANTA 2019; 251:24. [PMID: 31784816 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of photosynthesis using biotechnological approaches has been the focus of much research. It is now vital that these strategies be assessed under future atmospheric conditions. The demand for crop products is expanding at an alarming rate due to population growth, enhanced affluence, increased per capita calorie consumption, and an escalating need for plant-based bioproducts. While solving this issue will undoubtedly involve a multifaceted approach, improving crop productivity will almost certainly provide one piece of the puzzle. The improvement of photosynthetic efficiency has been a long-standing goal of plant biotechnologists as possibly one of the last remaining means of achieving higher yielding crops. However, the vast majority of these studies have not taken into consideration possible outcomes when these plants are grown long-term under the elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) that will be evident in the not too distant future. Due to the considerable effect that CO2 levels have on the photosynthetic process, these assessments should become commonplace as a means of ensuring that research in this field focuses on the most effective approaches for our future climate scenarios. In this review, we discuss the main biotechnological research strategies that are currently underway with the aim of improving photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production/yields in the context of a future of e[CO2], as well as alternative approaches that may provide further photosynthetic benefits under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D Singer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Raju Y Soolanayakanahally
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Roland Kroebel
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
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Reinholdt O, Schwab S, Zhang Y, Reichheld JP, Fernie AR, Hagemann M, Timm S. Redox-Regulation of Photorespiration through Mitochondrial Thioredoxin o1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:442-457. [PMID: 31413204 PMCID: PMC6776843 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration sustains photosynthesis in the presence of oxygen due to rapid metabolization of 2-phosphoglycolate, the major side-product of the oxygenase activity of Rubisco that also directly impedes carbon assimilation and allocation. Despite the fact that both the biochemical reactions and the underlying genetics are well characterized, information concerning the regulatory mechanisms that adjust photorespiratory flux is rare. Here, we studied the impact of mitochondrial-localized thioredoxin o1 (TRXo1) on photorespiratory metabolism. The characterization of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transfer DNA insertional line (trxo1-1) revealed an increase in the stoichiometry of photorespiratory CO2 release and impaired Gly-to-Ser turnover after a shift from high-to-low CO2 without changes in Gly decarboxylase (GDC) gene or protein expression. These effects were distinctly pronounced in a double mutant, where the TRXo1 mutation was combined with strongly reduced GDC T-protein expression. The double mutant (TxGT) showed reduced growth in air but not in high CO2, decreased photosynthesis, and up to 54-fold more Gly alongside several redox-stress-related metabolites. Given that GDC proteins are potential targets for redox-regulation, we also examined the in vitro properties of recombinant GDC l-proteins (lipoamide dehydrogenase) from plants and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis species strain PCC6803 and observed a redox-dependent inhibition by either artificial reducing agents or TRXo1 itself. Collectively, our results demonstrate that TRXo1 potentially adjusts photorespiration via redox-regulation of GDC in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Reinholdt
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Saskia Schwab
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Hagemann
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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Liu Y, Mauve C, Lamothe-Sibold M, Guérard F, Glab N, Hodges M, Jossier M. Photorespiratory serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 activity impacts abiotic stress tolerance and stomatal closure. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2567-2583. [PMID: 31134633 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory cycle is a crucial pathway in photosynthetic organisms because it removes toxic 2-phosphoglycolate made by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and retrieves its carbon as 3-phosphoglycerate. Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) is an essential photorespiratory enzyme converting glycine to serine. SHMT1 regulation remains poorly understood although it could involve the phosphorylation of serine 31. Here, we report the complementation of Arabidopsis thaliana shm1-1 by SHMT1 wild-type, phosphorylation-mimetic (S31D) or nonphophorylatable (S31A) forms. All SHMT1 forms could almost fully complement the photorespiratory growth phenotype of shm1-1; however, each transgenic line had only 50% of normal SHMT activity. In response to either a salt or drought stress, Compl-S31D lines showed a more severe growth deficiency compared with the other transgenic lines. This sensitivity to salt appeared to reflect reduced SHMT1-S31D protein amounts and a lower activity that impacted leaf metabolism leading to proline underaccumulation and overaccumulation of polyamines. The S31D mutation in SHMT1 also led to a reduction in salt-induced and ABA-induced stomatal closure. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of maintaining photorespiratory SHMT1 activity in salt and drought stress conditions and indicate that SHMT1 S31 phosphorylation could be involved in modulating SHMT1 protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Liu
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Caroline Mauve
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Marlène Lamothe-Sibold
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Florence Guérard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Nathalie Glab
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
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Li J, Weraduwage SM, Preiser AL, Tietz S, Weise SE, Strand DD, Froehlich JE, Kramer DM, Hu J, Sharkey TD. A Cytosolic Bypass and G6P Shunt in Plants Lacking Peroxisomal Hydroxypyruvate Reductase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:783-792. [PMID: 30886114 PMCID: PMC6548278 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by Rubisco is the first step in photorespiration and reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis in C3 plants. Our recent data indicate that mutants in photorespiration have increased rates of photosynthetic cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. We investigated mutant lines lacking peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase to determine if there are connections between 2-phosphoglycolate accumulation and cyclic electron flow in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that 2-phosphoglycolate is a competitive inhibitor of triose phosphate isomerase, an enzyme in the Calvin-Benson cycle that converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. This block in metabolism could be overcome if glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is exported to the cytosol, where cytosolic triose phosphate isomerase could convert it to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. We found evidence that carbon is reimported as glucose-6-phosphate, forming a cytosolic bypass around the block of stromal triose phosphate isomerase. However, this also stimulates a glucose-6-phosphate shunt, which consumes ATP, which can be compensated by higher rates of cyclic electron flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Li
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sarathi M Weraduwage
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Alyssa L Preiser
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Stefanie Tietz
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sean E Weise
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - John E Froehlich
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - David M Kramer
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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30
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Li J, Tietz S, Cruz JA, Strand DD, Xu Y, Chen J, Kramer DM, Hu J. Photometric screens identified Arabidopsis peroxisome proteins that impact photosynthesis under dynamic light conditions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:460-474. [PMID: 30350901 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes function collaboratively with other subcellular organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, in several metabolic processes. To comprehensively investigate the impact of peroxisomal function on photosynthesis, especially under conditions that are more relevant to natural environments, a systematic screen of over 150 Arabidopsis mutants of genes encoding peroxisomal proteins was conducted using the automated Dynamic Environment Photosynthesis Imager (DEPI). Dynamic and high-light (HL) conditions triggered significant photosynthetic defects in a subset of the mutants, including those of photorespiration (PR) and other peroxisomal processes, some of which may also be related to PR. Further analysis of the PR mutants revealed activation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I and higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) under HL conditions. We hypothesize that impaired PR disturbs the balance of ATP and NADPH, leading to the accumulation of H2 O2 that activates CEF to produce ATP to compensate for the imbalance of reducing equivalents. The identification of peroxisomal mutants involved in PR and other peroxisomal functions in the photometric screen will enable further investigation of regulatory links between photosynthesis and PR and interorganellar interaction at the mechanistic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Li
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Stefanie Tietz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cruz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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31
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Levey M, Timm S, Mettler-Altmann T, Luca Borghi G, Koczor M, Arrivault S, PM Weber A, Bauwe H, Gowik U, Westhoff P. Efficient 2-phosphoglycolate degradation is required to maintain carbon assimilation and allocation in the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:575-587. [PMID: 30357386 PMCID: PMC6322630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is indispensable for oxygenic photosynthesis since it detoxifies and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG), which is the primary oxygenation product of Rubisco. However, C4 plant species typically display very low rates of photorespiration due to their efficient biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanism. Thus, the broader relevance of photorespiration in these organisms remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the importance of a functional photorespiratory pathway in the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis using knockdown of the first enzymatic step, namely 2PG phosphatase (PGLP). The isolated RNAi lines showed strongly reduced amounts of PGLP protein, but distinct signs of the photorespiratory phenotype only emerged below 5% residual PGLP protein. Lines with this characteristic were stunted in growth, had strongly increased 2PG content, exhibited accelerated leaf senescence, and accumulated high amounts of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, which are both characteristics of incipient carbon starvation. Oxygen-dependent gas-exchange measurements consistently suggested the cumulative impairment of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration with increased photorespiratory pressure. Our results indicate that photorespiration is essential for maintaining high rates of C4 photosynthesis by preventing the 2PG-mediated inhibition of carbon utilization efficiency. However, considerably higher 2PG accumulation can be tolerated compared to equivalent lines of C3 plants due to the differential distribution of specific enzymatic steps between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles Levey
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gian Luca Borghi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Koczor
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Golm, Germany
| | - Andreas PM Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
| | - Udo Gowik
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
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32
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Zhang CC, Zhou CZ, Burnap RL, Peng L. Carbon/Nitrogen Metabolic Balance: Lessons from Cyanobacteria. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1116-1130. [PMID: 30292707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen are the two most abundant nutrient elements for all living organisms, and their metabolism is tightly coupled. What are the signaling mechanisms that cells use to sense and control the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) metabolic balance following environmental changes? Based on studies in cyanobacteria, it was found that 2-phosphoglycolate derived from the oxygenase activity of Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) and 2-oxoglutarate from the Krebs cycle act as the carbon- and nitrogen-starvation signals, respectively, and their concentration ratio likely reflects the status of the C/N metabolic balance. We will present and discuss the regulatory principles underlying the signaling mechanisms, which are likely to be conserved in other photosynthetic organisms. These concepts may also contribute to developments in the field of biofuel engineering or improvements in crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB, France.
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert L Burnap
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Henry Bellmon Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
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South PF, Cavanagh AP, Lopez-Calcagno PE, Raines CA, Ort DR. Optimizing photorespiration for improved crop productivity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1217-1230. [PMID: 30126060 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In C3 plants, photorespiration is an energy-expensive process, including the oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and the ensuing multi-organellar photorespiratory pathway required to recycle the toxic byproducts and recapture a portion of the fixed carbon. Photorespiration significantly impacts crop productivity through reducing yields in C3 crops by as much as 50% under severe conditions. Thus, reducing the flux through, or improving the efficiency of photorespiration has the potential of large improvements in C3 crop productivity. Here, we review an array of approaches intended to engineer photorespiration in a range of plant systems with the goal of increasing crop productivity. Approaches include optimizing flux through the native photorespiratory pathway, installing non-native alternative photorespiratory pathways, and lowering or even eliminating Rubisco-catalyzed oxygenation of RuBP to reduce substrate entrance into the photorespiratory cycle. Some proposed designs have been successful at the proof of concept level. A plant systems-engineering approach, based on new opportunities available from synthetic biology to implement in silico designs, holds promise for further progress toward delivering more productive crops to farmer's fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F South
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amanda P Cavanagh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Christine A Raines
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Samuilov S, Brilhaus D, Rademacher N, Flachbart S, Arab L, Alfarraj S, Kuhnert F, Kopriva S, Weber APM, Mettler-Altmann T, Rennenberg H. The Photorespiratory BOU Gene Mutation Alters Sulfur Assimilation and Its Crosstalk With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1709. [PMID: 30559749 PMCID: PMC6284229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at elucidating the significance of photorespiratory serine (Ser) production for cysteine (Cys) biosynthesis. For this purpose, sulfur (S) metabolism and its crosstalk with nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism were analyzed in wildtype Arabidopsis and its photorespiratory bou-2 mutant with impaired glycine decarboxylase (GDC) activity. Foliar glycine and Ser contents were enhanced in the mutant at day and night. The high Ser levels in the mutant cannot be explained by transcript abundances of genes of the photorespiratory pathway or two alternative pathways of Ser biosynthesis. Despite enhanced foliar Ser, reduced GDC activity mediated a decline in sulfur flux into major sulfur pools in the mutant, as a result of deregulation of genes of sulfur reduction and assimilation. Still, foliar Cys and glutathione contents in the mutant were enhanced. The use of Cys for methionine and glucosinolates synthesis was reduced in the mutant. Reduced GDC activity in the mutant downregulated Calvin Cycle and nitrogen assimilation genes, upregulated key enzymes of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway and modified accumulation of sugars and TCA intermediates. Thus, photorespiratory Ser production can be replaced by other metabolic Ser sources, but this replacement deregulates the cross-talk between S, N, and C metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sladjana Samuilov
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dominik Brilhaus
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Rademacher
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Samantha Flachbart
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Franziska Kuhnert
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Messant M, Timm S, Fantuzzi A, Weckwerth W, Bauwe H, Rutherford AW, Krieger-Liszkay A. Glycolate Induces Redox Tuning Of Photosystem II in Vivo: Study of a Photorespiration Mutant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1277-1285. [PMID: 29794021 PMCID: PMC6053007 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bicarbonate removal from the nonheme iron at the acceptor side of photosystem II (PSII) was shown recently to shift the midpoint potential of the primary quinone acceptor QA to a more positive potential and lowers the yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) production. The presence of QA- results in weaker binding of bicarbonate, suggesting a redox-based regulatory and protective mechanism where loss of bicarbonate or exchange of bicarbonate by other small carboxylic acids may protect PSII against 1O2 in vivo under photorespiratory conditions. Here, we compared the properties of QA in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) photorespiration mutant deficient in peroxisomal HYDROXYPYRUVATE REDUCTASE1 (hpr1-1), which accumulates glycolate in leaves, with the wild type. Photosynthetic electron transport was affected in the mutant, and chlorophyll fluorescence showed slower electron transport between QA and QB in the mutant. Glycolate induced an increase in the temperature maximum of thermoluminescence emission, indicating a shift of the midpoint potential of QA to a more positive value. The yield of 1O2 production was lowered in thylakoid membranes isolated from hpr1-1 compared with the wild type, consistent with a higher potential of QA/QA- In addition, electron donation to photosystem I was affected in hpr1-1 at higher light intensities, consistent with diminished electron transfer out of PSII. This study indicates that replacement of bicarbonate at the nonheme iron by a small carboxylate anion occurs in plants in vivo. These findings suggested that replacement of the bicarbonate on the nonheme iron by glycolate may represent a regulatory mechanism that protects PSII against photooxidative stress under low-CO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Messant
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Fantuzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A William Rutherford
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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Missihoun TD, Kotchoni SO. Aldehyde dehydrogenases and the hypothesis of a glycolaldehyde shunt pathway of photorespiration. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1449544. [PMID: 29521550 PMCID: PMC5927671 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1449544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (ALDHs) catalyse the oxidation of a broad range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids using NAD+ or NADP+ as cofactors. In our article published in Scientific Reports, we demonstrated that mutations in Arabidopsis ALDH3I1 and ALDH7B4 genes altered the cellular contents of NAD(P)H, the total as well as the reduction state of glutathione; and decreased the efficiency of photosynthesis, thus placing ALDH activity as an important source of reducing power for cellular redox homeostasis. Our results also revealed that the ALDHs contribute to the reducing power required for the nitrate assimilation. Here, we discussed and elucidated the innovative hypothesis of the glycolaldehyde shunt pathway of photorespiration that would involve ALDHs generating in contrast to the known core photorespiration reactions, a net gain of two moles of NAD(P)H to support nitrate assimilation, glutathione homeostasis and ROS detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagnon D. Missihoun
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside CA, USA
| | - Simeon O. Kotchoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
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Rai S, Lucius S, Kern R, Bauwe H, Kaplan A, Kopka J, Hagemann M. The Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Genome Encodes Up to Four 2-Phosphoglycolate Phosphatases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1718. [PMID: 30542360 PMCID: PMC6278635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiratory phosphoglycolate (2PG) metabolism is essential for cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The first enzyme of the pathway, 2PG phosphatase (PGPase), is known from plants and algae but was scarcely investigated in cyanobacteria. In silico analysis revealed four candidate genes (slr0458, slr0586, sll1349, and slr1762) in the genome of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that all belong to the 2-haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily and could possibly encode PGPase proteins. However, in contrast to known algal and plant PGPases, the putative cyanobacterial PGPases belong to another HAD subfamily implying that PGPases in eukaryotic phototrophs did not originate from cyanobacterial PGPases. To verify their function, these four genes were inactivated both individually and in combination. A mild high-CO2-requiring (HCR) growth phenotype typical for photorespiratory mutants was observed only in Δsll1349. Combinatorial inactivation enhanced the HCR phenotype in specific double and triple mutants. Heterologous expression of the putative cyanobacterial PGPases in E. coli led to higher PGPase activities in crude cell extracts, but only the purified Slr0458 protein showed PGPase activity. Hence, we propose that a consortium of up to four photorespiratory PGPases may initiate photorespiratory 2PG metabolism in Synechocystis. We suggest that redundancy of this essential enzyme activity could be related to the highly adaptive lifestyle of cyanobacteria such as Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, which allows them to grow under very diverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Rai
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Stefan Lucius
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ramona Kern
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Applied Metabolome Analysis, Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Martin Hagemann,
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Pfeifer J, Mielewczik M, Friedli M, Kirchgessner N, Walter A. Non-destructive measurement of soybean leaf thickness via X-ray computed tomography allows the study of diel leaf growth rhythms in the third dimension. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:111-124. [PMID: 28770485 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Present-day high-resolution leaf growth measurements provide exciting insights into diel (24-h) leaf growth rhythms and their control by the circadian clock, which match photosynthesis with oscillating environmental conditions. However, these methods are based on measurements of leaf area or elongation and neglect diel changes of leaf thickness. In contrast, the influence of various environmental stress factors to which leaves are exposed to during growth on the final leaf thickness has been studied extensively. Yet, these studies cannot elucidate how variation in leaf area and thickness are simultaneously regulated and influenced on smaller time scales. Only few methods are available to measure the thickness of young, growing leaves non-destructively. Therefore, we evaluated X-ray computed tomography to simultaneously and non-invasively record diel changes and growth of leaf thickness and area. Using conventional imaging and X-ray computed tomography leaf area, thickness and volume growth of young soybean leaves were simultaneously and non-destructively monitored at three cardinal time points during night and day for a period of 80 h under non-stressful growth conditions. Reference thickness measurements on paperboards were in good agreement to CT measurements. Comparison of CT with leaf mass data further proved the consistency of our method. Exploratory analysis showed that measurements were accurate enough for recording and analyzing relative diel changes of leaf thickness, which were considerably different to those of leaf area. Relative growth rates of leaf area were consistently positive and highest during 'nights', while diel changes in thickness fluctuated more and were temporarily negative, particularly during 'evenings'. The method is suitable for non-invasive, accurate monitoring of diel variation in leaf volume. Moreover, our results indicate that diel rhythms of leaf area and thickness show some similarity but are not tightly coupled. These differences could be due to both intrinsic control mechanisms and different sensitivities to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pfeifer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich), Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Mielewczik
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, ICTEM building, 3rd floor, London, UK
| | - Michael Friedli
- FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse 113, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Kirchgessner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich), Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich), Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Flügel F, Timm S, Arrivault S, Florian A, Stitt M, Fernie AR, Bauwe H. The Photorespiratory Metabolite 2-Phosphoglycolate Regulates Photosynthesis and Starch Accumulation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2537-2551. [PMID: 28947491 PMCID: PMC5774572 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Calvin-Benson cycle and its photorespiratory repair shunt are in charge of nearly all biological CO2 fixation on Earth. They interact functionally and via shared carbon flow on several levels including common metabolites, transcriptional regulation, and response to environmental changes. 2-Phosphoglycolate (2PG) is one of the shared metabolites and produced in large amounts by oxidative damage of the CO2 acceptor molecule ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. It was anticipated early on, although never proven, that 2PG could also be a regulatory metabolite that modulates central carbon metabolism by inhibition of triose-phosphate isomerase. Here, we examined this hypothesis using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines with varying activities of the 2PG-degrading enzyme, 2PG phosphatase, and analyzing the impact of this intervention on operation of the Calvin-Benson cycle and other central pathways, leaf carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthetic gas exchange, and growth. Our results demonstrate that 2PG feeds back on the Calvin-Benson cycle. It also alters the allocation of photosynthates between ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration and starch synthesis. 2PG mechanistically achieves this by inhibiting the Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes triose-phosphate isomerase and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase. We suggest this may represent one of the control loops that sense the ratio of photorespiratory to photosynthetic carbon flux and in turn adjusts stomatal conductance, photosynthetic CO2 and photorespiratory O2 fixation, and starch synthesis in response to changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Flügel
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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Sajitz-Hermstein M, Töpfer N, Kleessen S, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z. iReMet-flux: constraint-based approach for integrating relative metabolite levels into a stoichiometric metabolic models. Bioinformatics 2017; 32:i755-i762. [PMID: 27587698 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Understanding the rerouting of metabolic reaction fluxes upon perturbations has the potential to link changes in molecular state of a cellular system to alteration of growth. Yet, differential flux profiling on a genome-scale level remains one of the biggest challenges in systems biology. This is particularly relevant in plants, for which fluxes in autotrophic growth necessitate time-consuming instationary labeling experiments and costly computations, feasible for small-scale networks. RESULTS Here we present a computationally and experimentally facile approach, termed iReMet-Flux, which integrates relative metabolomics data in a metabolic model to predict differential fluxes at a genome-scale level. Our approach and its variants complement the flux estimation methods based on radioactive tracer labeling. We employ iReMet-Flux with publically available metabolic profiles to predict reactions and pathways with altered fluxes in photo-autotrophically grown Arabidopsis and four photorespiratory mutants undergoing high-to-low CO2 acclimation. We also provide predictions about reactions and pathways which are most strongly regulated in the investigated experiments. The robustness and variability analyses, tailored to the formulation of iReMet-Flux, demonstrate that the findings provide biologically relevant information that is validated with external measurements of net CO2 exchange and biomass production. Therefore, iReMet-Flux paves the wave for mechanistic dissection of the interplay between pathways of primary and secondary metabolisms at a genome-scale. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code is available from the authors upon request. CONTACT nikoloski@mpimp-golm.mpg.de SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Töpfer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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41
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South PF, Walker BJ, Cavanagh AP, Rolland V, Badger M, Ort DR. Bile Acid Sodium Symporter BASS6 Can Transport Glycolate and Is Involved in Photorespiratory Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:808-823. [PMID: 28351992 PMCID: PMC5435425 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an energy-intensive process that recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a toxic product of the Rubisco oxygenation reaction. The photorespiratory pathway is highly compartmentalized, involving the chloroplast, peroxisome, cytosol, and mitochondria. Though the soluble enzymes involved in photorespiration are well characterized, very few membrane transporters involved in photorespiration have been identified to date. In this work, Arabidopsis thaliana plants containing a T-DNA disruption of the bile acid sodium symporter BASS6 show decreased photosynthesis and slower growth under ambient, but not elevated CO2 Exogenous expression of BASS6 complemented this photorespiration mutant phenotype. In addition, metabolite analysis and genetic complementation of glycolate transport in yeast showed that BASS6 was capable of glycolate transport. This is consistent with its involvement in the photorespiratory export of glycolate from Arabidopsis chloroplasts. An Arabidopsis double knockout line of both BASS6 and the glycolate/glycerate transporter PLGG1 (bass6, plgg1) showed an additive growth defect, an increase in glycolate accumulation, and reductions in photosynthetic rates compared with either single mutant. Our data indicate that BASS6 and PLGG1 partner in glycolate export from the chloroplast, whereas PLGG1 alone accounts for the import of glycerate. BASS6 and PLGG1 therefore balance the export of two glycolate molecules with the import of one glycerate molecule during photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F South
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Amanda P Cavanagh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Vivien Rolland
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Murray Badger
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Donald R Ort
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Eisenhut M, Bräutigam A, Timm S, Florian A, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Bauwe H, Weber APM. Photorespiration Is Crucial for Dynamic Response of Photosynthetic Metabolism and Stomatal Movement to Altered CO 2 Availability. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:47-61. [PMID: 27702693 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory pathway or photorespiration is an essential process in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, which can reduce the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and is hence frequently considered as a wasteful process. By comparing the response of the wild-type plants and mutants impaired in photorespiration to a shift in ambient CO2 concentrations, we demonstrate that photorespiration also plays a beneficial role during short-term acclimation to reduced CO2 availability. The wild-type plants responded with few differentially expressed genes, mostly involved in drought stress, which is likely a consequence of enhanced opening of stomata and concomitant water loss upon a shift toward low CO2. In contrast, mutants with impaired activity of photorespiratory enzymes were highly stressed and not able to adjust stomatal conductance to reduced external CO2 availability. The transcriptional response of mutant plants was congruent, indicating a general reprogramming to deal with the consequences of reduced CO2 availability, signaled by enhanced oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and amplified by the artificially impaired photorespiratory metabolism. Central in this reprogramming was the pronounced reallocation of resources from growth processes to stress responses. Taken together, our results indicate that unrestricted photorespiratory metabolism is a prerequisite for rapid physiological acclimation to a reduction in CO2 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Eisenhut
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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43
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Modde K, Timm S, Florian A, Michl K, Fernie AR, Bauwe H. High serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity lowers leaf daytime serine levels, inducing the phosphoserine pathway in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:643-656. [PMID: 28011718 PMCID: PMC5441925 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SGAT) converts glyoxylate and serine to glycine and hydroxypyruvate during photorespiration. Besides this, SGAT operates with several other substrates including asparagine. The impact of this enzymatic promiscuity on plant metabolism, particularly photorespiration and serine biosynthesis, is poorly understood. We found that elevated SGAT activity causes surprisingly clear changes in metabolism and interferes with photosynthetic CO2 uptake and biomass accumulation of Arabidopsis. The faster serine turnover during photorespiration progressively lowers day-time leaf serine contents and in turn induces the phosphoserine pathway. Transcriptional upregulation of this additional route of serine biosynthesis occurs already during the day but particularly at night, efficiently counteracting night-time serine depletion. Additionally, higher SGAT activity results in an increased use of asparagine as the external donor of amino groups to the photorespiratory pathway but does not alter leaf asparagine content at night. These results suggest leaf SGAT activity needs to be dynamically adjusted to ensure (i) variable flux through the photorespiratory pathway at a minimal consumption of asparagine and (ii) adequate serine levels for other cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Modde
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Golm, Germany
| | - Klaudia Michl
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Golm, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
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Hagemann M, Bauwe H. Photorespiration and the potential to improve photosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 35:109-116. [PMID: 27693890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory pathway, in short photorespiration, is an essential metabolite repair pathway that allows the photosynthetic CO2 fixation of plants to occur in the presence of oxygen. It is necessary because oxygen is a competing substrate of the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, forming 2-phosphoglycolate that negatively interferes with photosynthesis. Photorespiration very efficiently recycles 2-phosphoglycolate into 3-phosphoglycerate, which re-enters the Calvin-Benson cycle to drive sustainable photosynthesis. Photorespiration however requires extra energy and re-oxidises one quarter of the 2-phosphoglycolate carbon to CO2, lowering potential maximum rates of photosynthesis in most plants including food and energy crops. This review discusses natural and artificial strategies to reduce the undesired impact of air oxygen on photosynthesis and in turn plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagemann
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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Walker BJ, South PF, Ort DR. Physiological evidence for plasticity in glycolate/glycerate transport during photorespiration. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:93-103. [PMID: 27251551 PMCID: PMC4906074 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration recycles fixed carbon following the oxygenation reaction of Ribulose, 1-5, carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco). The recycling of photorespiratory C2 to C3 intermediates is not perfectly efficient and reduces photosynthesis in C3 plants. Recently, a plastidic glycolate/glycerate transporter (PLGG1) in photorespiration was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, but it is not known how critical this transporter is for maintaining photorespiratory efficiency. We examined a mutant deficient in PLGG1 (plgg1-1) using modeling, gas exchange, and Rubisco biochemistry. Under low light (under 65 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PAR), there was no difference in the quantum efficiency of CO2 assimilation or in the photorespiratory CO2 compensation point of plgg1-1, indicating that photorespiration proceeded with wild-type efficiency under sub-saturating light irradiances. Under saturating light irradiance (1200 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PAR), plgg1-1 showed decreased CO2 assimilation that was explained by decreases in the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation and photosynthetic linear electron transport. Decreased rates of Rubisco carboxylation resulted from probable decreases in the Rubisco activation state. These results suggest that glycolate/glycerate transport during photorespiration can proceed in moderate rates through an alternative transport process with wild-type efficiencies. These findings also suggest that decreases in net CO2 assimilation that occur due to disruption to photorespiration can occur by decreases in Rubisco activity and not necessarily decreases in the recycling efficiency of photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkley J. Walker
- />Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Services, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- />Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- />Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul F. South
- />Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Services, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- />Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Donald R. Ort
- />Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Services, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- />Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- />Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Dellero Y, Jossier M, Glab N, Oury C, Tcherkez G, Hodges M. Decreased glycolate oxidase activity leads to altered carbon allocation and leaf senescence after a transfer from high CO2 to ambient air in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3149-63. [PMID: 26896850 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and physiological analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate oxidase (GOX) mutant leaves were performed to understand the development of the photorespiratory phenotype after transfer from high CO2 to air. We show that two Arabidopsis genes, GOX1 and GOX2, share a redundant photorespiratory role. Air-grown single gox1 and gox2 mutants grew normally and no significant differences in leaf metabolic levels and photosynthetic activities were found when compared with wild-type plants. To study the impact of a highly reduced GOX activity on plant metabolism, both GOX1 and GOX2 expression was knocked-down using an artificial miRNA strategy. Air-grown amiRgox1/2 plants with a residual 5% GOX activity exhibited a severe growth phenotype. When high-CO2-grown adult plants were transferred to air, the photosynthetic activity of amiRgox1/2 was rapidly reduced to 50% of control levels, and a high non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching was maintained. (13)C-labeling revealed that daily assimilated carbon accumulated in glycolate, leading to reduced carbon allocation to sugars, organic acids, and amino acids. Such changes were not always mirrored in leaf total metabolite levels, since many soluble amino acids increased after transfer, while total soluble protein, RuBisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), and chlorophyll amounts decreased in amiRgox1/2 plants. The senescence marker, SAG12, was induced only in amiRgox1/2 rosettes after transfer to air. The expression of maize photorespiratory GOX in amiRgox1/2 abolished all observed phenotypes. The results indicate that the inhibition of the photorespiratory cycle negatively impacts photosynthesis, alters carbon allocation, and leads to early senescence in old rosette leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younès Dellero
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Glab
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Céline Oury
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Betti M, Bauwe H, Busch FA, Fernie AR, Keech O, Levey M, Ort DR, Parry MAJ, Sage R, Timm S, Walker B, Weber APM. Manipulating photorespiration to increase plant productivity: recent advances and perspectives for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2977-88. [PMID: 26951371 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of the 2-phosphoglycolate generated by the oxygenase reaction of Rubisco requires a complex and energy-consuming set of reactions collectively known as the photorespiratory cycle. Several approaches aimed at reducing the rates of photorespiratory energy or carbon loss have been proposed, based either on screening for natural variation or by means of genetic engineering. Recent work indicates that plant yield can be substantially improved by the alteration of photorespiratory fluxes or by engineering artificial bypasses to photorespiration. However, there is also evidence indicating that, under certain environmental and/or nutritional conditions, reduced photorespiratory capacity may be detrimental to plant performance. Here we summarize recent advances obtained in photorespiratory engineering and discuss prospects for these advances to be transferred to major crops to help address the globally increasing demand for food and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Myles Levey
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Donald R Ort
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Rowan Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Berkley Walker
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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48
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Photorespiration: origins and metabolic integration in interacting compartments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67. [PMCID: PMC4867902 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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49
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Orf I, Timm S, Bauwe H, Fernie AR, Hagemann M, Kopka J, Nikoloski Z. Can cyanobacteria serve as a model of plant photorespiration? - a comparative meta-analysis of metabolite profiles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2941-2952. [PMID: 26969741 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is a process that is crucial for the survival of oxygenic phototrophs in environments that favour the oxygenation reaction of Rubisco. While photorespiration is conserved among cyanobacteria, algae, and embryophytes, it evolved to different levels of complexity in these phyla. The highest complexity is found in embryophytes, where the pathway involves four cellular compartments and respective transport processes. The complexity of photorespiration in embryophytes raises the question whether a simpler system, such as cyanobacteria, may serve as a model to facilitate our understanding of the common key aspects of photorespiration. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of publicly available metabolite profiles from the embryophyte Arabidopsis thaliana and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 grown under conditions that either activate or suppress photorespiration. The comparative meta-analysis evaluated the similarity of metabolite profiles, the variability of metabolite pools, and the patterns of metabolite ratios. Our results show that the metabolic signature of photorespiration is in part conserved between the compared model organisms under conditions that favour the oxygenation reaction. Therefore, our findings support the claim that cyanobacteria can serve as prokaryotic models of photorespiration in embryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Orf
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- Universität Rostock, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Universität Rostock, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Universität Rostock, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
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50
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Timm S, Florian A, Fernie AR, Bauwe H. The regulatory interplay between photorespiration and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2923-9. [PMID: 26969745 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Calvin-Benson cycle and the photorespiratory pathway form the photosynthetic-photorespiratory supercycle that is responsible for nearly all biological CO2 fixation on Earth. In essence, supplementation with the photorespiratory pathway is necessary because the CO2-fixing enzyme of the Calvin-Benson cycle, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), catalyses several side reactions including the oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, which produces the noxious metabolite phosphoglycolate. The photorespiratory pathway recycles the phosphoglycolate to 3-phosphoglycerate and in this way allows the Calvin-Benson cycle to operate in the presence of molecular oxygen generated by oxygenic photosynthesis. While the carbon flow through the individual and combined subprocesses is well known, information on their regulatory interaction is very limited. Regulatory feedback from the photorespiratory pathway to the Calvin-Benson cycle can be presumed from numerous inhibitor experiments and was demonstrated in recent studies with transgenic plants. This complexity illustrates that we are not yet ready to rationally engineer photosynthesis by altering photorespiration since despite massive understanding of the core photorespiratory pathway our understanding of its interaction with other pathways and processes remains fragmentary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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