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Mokrousov I. Origin and dispersal of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Haarlem genotype: Clues from its phylogeographic landscape and human migration. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108045. [PMID: 38447923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Haarlem family belongs to the Euro-American phylogenetic lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the globally spread genotypes of this important human pathogen. In spite of the sporadic observations on drug resistance and peculiar virulence profile, Haarlem remains in the shade of other M. tuberculosis genotypes. I analyzed genotyping data of the Haarlem genotype in light of its pathogenic properties and relevant human migration, to gain insight into its origin, evolutionary history, and current spread. Central Europe is marked with a very high prevalence of both major Haarlem subclades ancestral H3/SIT50 and derived H1, jointly making 33-41% in Czechia, Austria, and Hungary. There is a declining gradient of Haarlem beyond central Europe with 10-18% in Italy, France, Belgium, 10-13% in the Balkan countries and Turkey. Placing the available genetic diversity and ancient DNA data within the historical context, I hypothesize that M. tuberculosis Haarlem genotype likely originated in Central Europe and its primary long-term circulation occurred within the area of the former Austria/Austria-Hungary Empire in the 14th-19th centuries. The genotype is not highly transmissible and its spread was driven by long-term human migration. The European colonial expansion (when accompanied by a sufficient volume of migration) was a vehicle of its secondary dissemination. I conclude that human migration and its lack thereof (but not strain pathobiology) was a major driving force that shaped the population structure of this global lineage of M. tuberculosis. At the same time, Haarlem strains appear over-represented in some ethnic groups which warrants in-depth experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Henan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Montoya JC, Malabad JCM, Ang CF, Reyes LT, Basilio RP, Lim DR, Amarillo MLE, Ama MCG, Phelan JE, Hibberd ML, Clark TG. Molecular characterization of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Filipino patients derived from the national tuberculosis prevalence survey Philippines 2016. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 135:102211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Devi KR, Pradhan J, Bhutia R, Dadul P, Sarkar A, Gohain N, Narain K. Molecular diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Sikkim, India and prediction of dominant spoligotypes using artificial intelligence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7365. [PMID: 33795751 PMCID: PMC8016865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In India, tuberculosis is an enormous public health problem. This study provides the first description of molecular diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) from Sikkim, India. A total of 399 Acid Fast Bacilli sputum positive samples were cultured on Lőwenstein-Jensen media and genetic characterisation was done by spoligotyping and 24-loci MIRU-VNTR typing. Spoligotyping revealed the occurrence of 58 different spoligotypes. Beijing spoligotype was the most dominant type constituting 62.41% of the total isolates and was associated with Multiple Drug Resistance. Minimum Spanning tree analysis of 249 Beijing strains based on 24-loci MIRU-VNTR analysis identified 12 clonal complexes (Single Locus Variants). The principal component analysis was used to visualise possible grouping of MTBC isolates from Sikkim belonging to major spoligotypes using 24-MIRU VNTR profiles. Artificial intelligence-based machine learning (ML) methods such as Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to predict dominant spoligotypes of MTBC using MIRU-VNTR data. K-fold cross-validation and validation using unseen testing data set revealed high accuracy of ANN, RF, and SVM for predicting Beijing, CAS1_Delhi, and T1 Spoligotypes (93-99%). However, prediction using the external new validation data set revealed that the RF model was more accurate than SVM and ANN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjam Rekha Devi
- grid.420069.90000 0004 1803 0080N.E. Region, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Post Box #105, Dibrugarh, Assam 786 001 India
| | - Jagat Pradhan
- National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP), Gangtok, Sikkim India
| | - Rinchenla Bhutia
- National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP), Gangtok, Sikkim India
| | - Peggy Dadul
- Department of Health Care, Human Services and Family Welfare, State Tuberculosis Control Society, Gangtok, Sikkim India
| | - Atanu Sarkar
- grid.420069.90000 0004 1803 0080N.E. Region, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Post Box #105, Dibrugarh, Assam 786 001 India
| | - Nitumoni Gohain
- grid.420069.90000 0004 1803 0080N.E. Region, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Post Box #105, Dibrugarh, Assam 786 001 India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- grid.420069.90000 0004 1803 0080N.E. Region, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Post Box #105, Dibrugarh, Assam 786 001 India
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Kyi MS, Palittapongarnpim P, Chaiprasert A, Ajawatanawong P, GarcIa HCG, Chongsuvivatwong V. Infection of multiple Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains among tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients: A molecular study in Myanmar. Int J Mycobacteriol 2019; 7:375-379. [PMID: 30531038 PMCID: PMC6341994 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_108_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Appearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the sputum of a tuberculosis (TB)/human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infected patient under treatment may indicate either failure or new infection. This study aims
to evaluate whether TB treatment failure among TB/HIV co-infected patients is a real failure. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 566 TB/HIV co-infected patients who started TB treatment in 12 townships
in the upper Myanmar. Among the 566 participants, 16 (2.8%) resulted in treatment failure. We performed a molecular study
using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping for them. The
MIRU-VNTR profiles were analyzed using the web server, MIRU-VNTRplus. All data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and
analyzed using R version 3.4.3. Results: Among 16 failure patients, seven had incomplete laboratory results. Of the nine remaining patients, nobody had exactly
the same MIRU-VNTR pattern between the initial and final isolates. Four patients had persistent East-African Indian (EAI)
lineages and one each had persistent Beijing lineage, changing from EAI to Beijing, from Beijing to EAI, NEW-1 to Beijing, and
NEW-1 to X strains. Female patients have significantly larger genetic difference between MTB of the paired isolates than male
patients (t-test, P = 0.04). Conclusion: Thus, in our study patients, infection of multiple MTB strains is a possible cause of TB treatment failure. Explanation
for the association between gender and distance of genotypes from the initial to subsequent MTB infection needs further
studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Su Kyi
- Department of Regional Public Health, Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar; Department of Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Angkana Chaiprasert
- Department of Research and Development Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pravech Ajawatanawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - H Ctor Guzmán GarcIa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
- Department of Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Yahyaoui-Azami H, Aboukhassib H, Bouslikhane M, Berrada J, Rami S, Reinhard M, Gagneux S, Feldmann J, Borrell S, Zinsstag J. Molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in two slaughterhouses in Morocco. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:272. [PMID: 28841870 PMCID: PMC5574129 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis have been described to be responsible of most cases of bovine tuberculosis. Although M. tuberculosis, M. africanum and non-complex mycobacteria were isolated from cattle. In Morocco, so far, no molecular studies were conducted to characterize the strains responsible of BTB. The present study aims to characterize M. bovis in Morocco. The present study was conducted in slaughterhouses in Rabat and El Jadida. Samples were collected from 327 slaughtered animals with visible lesions suggesting BTB. RESULTS A total of 225 isolates yielded cultures, 95% (n = 215) of them were acid-fast (AF). Sixty eight per cent of the AF positive samples were confirmed as tuberculous mycobacteria (n = 147), 99% of these (n = 146) having RD9 and among the latter, 98% (n = 143) positive while 2% (n = 3) negative for RD4 A total of 134 samples were analyzed by spoligotyping of which 14 were in cluster and with 41 different spoligotypes, ten of them were new patterns (23%). The most prevalent spoligotypes were SB0121, SB0265, and SB0120, and were already identified in many other countries, such as Algeria, Spain, Tunisia, the United States and Argentina. CONCLUSION The shared borders between Algeria and Morocco, in addition to the previous importation of cattle from Europe and the US could explain the similarities found in M. bovis spoligotypes. On the other hand, the desert of Morocco could be considered as an efficient barrier preventing the introduction of BTB to Morocco from West Central and East Africa. Our findings suggest a low level endemic transmission of BTB similar to other African countries. However, more research is needed for further knowledge about the transmission patterns of BTB in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Yahyaoui-Azami
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Hamid Aboukhassib
- Département de Biologie, Equipe Physiopathologies Nutritionnelles et Toxicologie, Faculté des Sciences UCD, El Jadida, Morocco
- Office Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire des produits Alimentaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouslikhane
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jaouad Berrada
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Rami
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Miriam Reinhard
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Chen YY, Chang JR, Wu CD, Yeh YP, Yang SJ, Hsu CH, Lin MC, Tsai CF, Lin MS, Su IJ, Dou HY. Combining molecular typing and spatial pattern analysis to identify areas of high tuberculosis transmission in a moderate-incidence county in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5394. [PMID: 28710410 PMCID: PMC5511213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In total, 303 randomly selected clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from 303 patients (collected January to December 2012) in central Taiwan were examined. The major lineages found were Beijing (N = 114, 37.62%), Haarlem (N = 76, 25.08%) and East African-Indian (EAI) (N = 42, 13.86%). Notably, younger persons (≤30 years old) were 6.58 times more likely to be infected with a Beijing genotype compared to older persons (>70 years) (p < 0.05). Combining molecular typing methods and geographical information system (GIS) analysis, we uncovered a twofold higher incidence of Beijing strains in a hotspot area (33%) compared to non-hotspot areas (17%). By 24 MIRU-VNTR typing, persons in clustered groups were 1.96 times more likely to be infected with a Beijing strain compared with non-clustered persons, suggesting recent spread and emergence of MTB. Finally, we observed a trend in which TB incidence increased as the density/concentration of analyzed environmental factors increased, suggesting that environmental factors are associated with TB transmission; however, only population density was found to be significantly associated with increased risk of TB (p < 0.05). Molecular typing methods combined with spatial analysis suggest possible TB transmission. Early intervention to interrupt transmission may be most effective if targeted to hot zones of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiai-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- The Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yen-Po Yeh
- Chang-Hua County Public Health Bureau, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Ju Yang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ching Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shian Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yunn Dou
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Mbugi EV, Katale BZ, Streicher EM, Keyyu JD, Kendall SL, Dockrell HM, Michel AL, Rweyemamu MM, Warren RM, Matee MI, van Helden PD, Couvin D, Rastogi N. Mapping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Genetic Diversity Profiles in Tanzania and Other African Countries. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154571. [PMID: 27149626 PMCID: PMC4858144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess and characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genotypic diversity in Tanzania, as well as in neighbouring East and other several African countries. We used spoligotyping to identify a total of 293 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates (one isolate per patient) collected in the Bunda, Dar es Salaam, Ngorongoro and Serengeti areas in Tanzania. The results were compared with results in the SITVIT2 international database of the Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe. Genotyping and phylogeographical analyses highlighted the predominance of the CAS, T, EAI, and LAM MTBC lineages in Tanzania. The three most frequent Spoligotype International Types (SITs) were: SIT21/CAS1-Kili (n = 76; 25.94%), SIT59/LAM11-ZWE (n = 22; 7.51%), and SIT126/EAI5 tentatively reclassified as EAI3-TZA (n = 18; 6.14%). Furthermore, three SITs were newly created in this study (SIT4056/EAI5 n = 2, SIT4057/T1 n = 1, and SIT4058/EAI5 n = 1). We noted that the East-African-Indian (EAI) lineage was more predominant in Bunda, the Manu lineage was more common among strains isolated in Ngorongoro, and the Central-Asian (CAS) lineage was more predominant in Dar es Salaam (p-value<0.0001). No statistically significant differences were noted when comparing HIV status of patients vs. major lineages (p-value = 0.103). However, when grouping lineages as Principal Genetic Groups (PGG), we noticed that PGG2/3 group (Haarlem, LAM, S, T, and X) was more associated with HIV-positive patients as compared to PGG1 group (Beijing, CAS, EAI, and Manu) (p-value = 0.03). This study provided mapping of MTBC genetic diversity in Tanzania (containing information on isolates from different cities) and neighbouring East African and other several African countries highlighting differences as regards to MTBC genotypic distribution between Tanzania and other African countries. This work also allowed underlining of spoligotyping patterns tentatively grouped within the newly designated EAI3-TZA lineage (remarkable by absence of spacers 2 and 3, and represented by SIT126) which seems to be specific to Tanzania. However, further genotyping information would be needed to confirm this specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erasto V. Mbugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bugwesa Z. Katale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), P.O. Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth M. Streicher
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/ South African Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Julius D. Keyyu
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), P.O. Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Sharon L. Kendall
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M. Dockrell
- The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Anita L. Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mark M. Rweyemamu
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Robin M. Warren
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/ South African Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Mecky I. Matee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/ South African Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - David Couvin
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Tuberculosis & Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere, BP 484, 97183, Abymes, Guadeloupe
| | - Nalin Rastogi
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Tuberculosis & Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere, BP 484, 97183, Abymes, Guadeloupe
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Devi KR, Bhutia R, Bhowmick S, Mukherjee K, Mahanta J, Narain K. Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Assam, India: Dominance of Beijing Family and Discovery of Two New Clades Related to CAS1_Delhi and EAI Family Based on Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR Typing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145860. [PMID: 26701129 PMCID: PMC4689458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health concerns in Assam, a remote state located in the northeastern (NE) region of India. The present study was undertaken to explore the circulating genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in this region. A total of 189 MTBC strains were collected from smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases from different designated microscopy centres (DMC) from various localities of Assam. All MTBC isolates were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media and subsequently genotyped using spoligotyping and 24-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) typing. Spoligotyping of MTBC isolates revealed 89 distinct spoligo patterns. The most dominant MTBC strain belonged to Beijing lineage and was represented by 35.45% (n = 67) of total isolates, followed by MTBC strains belonging to Central Asian-Delhi (CAS/Delhi) lineage and East African Indian (EAI5) lineage. In addition, in the present study 43 unknown spoligo patterns were detected. The discriminatory power of spoligotyping was found to be 0.8637 based on Hunter Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI). On the other hand, 24-loci MIRU-VNTR typing revealed that out of total 189 MTBC isolates from Assam 185 (97.9%) isolates had unique MIRU-VNTR profiles and 4 isolates grouped into 2 clusters. Phylogenetic analysis of 67 Beijing isolates based on 24-loci MIRU-VNTR typing revealed that Beijing isolates from Assam represent two major groups, each comprising of several subgroups. Neighbour-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree analysis based on combined spoligotyping and 24-loci MIRU-VNTR data of 78 Non-Beijing isolates was carried out for strain lineage identification as implemented by MIRU-VNTRplus database. The important lineages of MTBC identified were CAS/CAS1_Delhi (41.02%, n = 78) and East-African-Indian (EAI, 33.33%). Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis of orphan (23.28%) MTBC spoligotypes revealed that majority of these orphan isolates from Assam represent two new sub-clades Assam/EAI and Assam/CAS. The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Beijing and Non-Beijing strains was found to be 10.44% and 9.01% respectively. In conclusion, the present study has shown the predominance of Beijing isolates in Assam which is a matter of great concern because Beijing strains are considered to be ecologically more fit enabling wider dissemination of M. tuberculosis. Other interesting finding of the present study is the discovery of two new clades of MTBC isolates circulating in Assam. More elaborate longitudinal studies are required to be undertaken in this region to understand the transmission dynamics of MTBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjam Rekha Devi
- Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Box #105, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
| | - Rinchenla Bhutia
- Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Box #105, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
| | - Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Box #105, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
| | - Kaustab Mukherjee
- Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Box #105, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
| | - Jagadish Mahanta
- Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Box #105, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Box #105, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
- * E-mail:
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Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Strain W06, a Prevalent Beijing Genotype Isolated in Taiwan. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/6/e01460-15. [PMID: 26659689 PMCID: PMC4675954 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01460-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain W06, analyzed by molecular methods, was classified as a modern Beijing M. tuberculosis strain, the most predominant strain in Taiwan. To our knowledge, this is the first draft genome announcement of a Beijing M. tuberculosis strain in Taiwan.
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Chen YY, Chang JR, Huang WF, Hsu CH, Cheng HY, Sun JR, Kuo SC, Su IJ, Lin MS, Chen W, Dou HY. Genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis East African-Indian family in three tropical Asian countries. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2015; 50:886-892. [PMID: 26922173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Beijing lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the most predominant MTB strain in Asian countries and is spreading worldwide, however, the East African-Indian (EAI) lineage is also particularly prevalent in many tropical Asian countries. The evolutionary relationships among MTB EAI isolates from Taiwan and those of tropical Asian countries remain unknown. METHODS The EAI strains collected from patients in Taiwan were analyzed using spacer oligonucleotide typing and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) typing, and compared with published profiles from Cambodia and Singapore to investigate potential epidemiological linkages. RESULTS Among the three countries, the EAI lineage was most prevalent in Cambodia (60%; Singapore, 25.62%; and Taiwan, 21.85%), having also the highest rates of multidrug resistance and lowest rates of clustering of MTB isolates. We describe a convenient method using seven selected MIRU-VNTR loci for first-line typing to discriminate Beijing and EAI lineages. A potential epidemiological linkage in these tropical Asian countries is also discussed based on a minimum-spanning tree constructed using 24 MIRU-VNTR loci of MTB EAI strains. CONCLUSION This study identified evolutionary relationships among MTB EAI isolates from Taiwan and those of two other tropical Asian countries, Cambodia and Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Yuan Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jia-Ru Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Yin Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shian Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horng-Yunn Dou
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
In long-term care facilities (LTCFs), the elderly are apt to be infected because those with latent tuberculosis infections (LTBIs) are at an increased risk for reactivation and post-primary TB disease. We report an outbreak of TB in staff and residents in a LTCF. An outbreak investigation was conducted after two TB cases were reported from the LTCF. A tuberculin skin test (TST), bacteriological examination and chest radiograph were administered to all facility staff and residents. An outbreak is defined as at least two epidemiologically linked cases that have identical Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype isolates. This outbreak infected eight residents and one staff member, who were confirmed to have TB in a LTCF between September 2011 and October 2012. Based on the Becker method, the latent and infectious periods were estimated at 223·6 and 55·9 days. Two initial TST-negative resident contacts were diagnosed as TB cases through comprehensive TB screening. Observing elderly people who have a negative TST after TB screening appears to be necessary, given the long latent period for controlling a TB outbreak in a LTCF. It is important to consider providing LTBI treatment for elderly contacts.
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Puerto G, Erazo L, Wintaco M, Castro C, Ribón W, Guerrero MI. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes Determined by Spoligotyping to Be Circulating in Colombia between 1999 and 2012 and Their Possible Associations with Transmission and Susceptibility to First-Line Drugs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124308. [PMID: 26066494 PMCID: PMC4465906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains a primary public health problem worldwide. The number of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) cases has increased in recent years in Colombia. Knowledge of M. tuberculosis genotypes defined by spoligotyping can help determine the circulation of genotypes that must be controlled to prevent the spread of TB. OBJECTIVE To describe the genotypes of M. tuberculosis using spoligotyping in resistant and drug-sensitive isolates and their possible associations with susceptibility to first-line drugs. METHODS An analytical observational study was conducted that included 741 isolates of M. tuberculosis from patients. The isolates originated from 31 departments and were obtained by systematic surveillance between 1999 and 2012. RESULTS In total 61.94% of the isolates were resistant to 1 or more drugs, and 147 isolates were MDR. In total, 170 genotypes were found in the population structure of Colombian M. tuberculosis isolates. The isolates were mainly represented by four families: LAM (39.9%), Haarlem (19%), Orphan (17%) and T (9%). The SIT42 (LAM 9) was the most common genotype and contained 24.7% of the isolates, followed by the genotypes SIT62 (Haarlem1), SIT53 (T1), and SIT50 (H3). A high clustering of isolates was evident with 79.8% of the isolates classified into 32 groups. The Beijing family was associated with resistant isolates, whereas the Haarlem and T families were associated with sensitive isolates. The Haarlem family was also associated with grouped isolates (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS A high proportion (approximately 80%) of isolates was found in clusters; these clusters were not associated with resistance to first-line drugs. The Beijing family was associated with drug resistance, whereas the T and Haarlem families were associated with susceptibility in the Colombian isolates studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Puerto
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina Erazo
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maira Wintaco
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Castro
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wellman Ribón
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha Inírida Guerrero
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
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Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Kaohsiung City located at southern Taiwan, 2000-2008. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117061. [PMID: 25629610 PMCID: PMC4309396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We present the first comprehensive analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates circulating in southern Taiwan. In this 9-year population-based study, the TB situation in the Kaohsiung region was characterized by genotypic analysis of 421 MTB isolates. Methods All 421 isolates of MTB were analyzed by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing. Drug-resistance patterns were also analyzed. Results The percentage of EAI (East African-Indian) strains increased across sampling years (2000–2008) in southern Taiwan, whereas the proportion of Beijing lineages remained unchanged. Clustering was more frequent with EAI genotype infections (odds ratio = 3.6, p<0.0001) when compared to Beijing genotypes. Notably, MTB resistance to streptomycin (STR) had significantly increased over time, but resistance to other antibiotics, including multidrug resistance, had not. Three major genes (gidB, rpsL and rrs) implicated in STR resistance were sequenced and specific mutations identified. Conclusions This study revealed that EAI strains were highly transmissible and that STR resistance has increased between 2000 and 2008 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Dou HY, Chen YY, Kou SC, Su IJ. Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain genotypes in Taiwan reveals a close link to ethnic and population migration. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 114:484-8. [PMID: 25542769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Taiwan is a relatively isolated island, serving as a mixing vessel for colonization by different waves of ethnic and migratory groups over the past 4 centuries. The potential transmission pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in different ethnic and migratory populations remains to be elucidated. By using mycobacterial tandem repeat sequences as genetic markers, the prevalence of M. tuberculosis strains in Taiwan revealed a close link to the historical migration. Interestingly, the M. tuberculosis strain in the aborigines of Eastern and Central Taiwan had a dominance of the Haarlem (Dutch) strain while those in Southern Taiwan had a dominance of the East-African Indian (EAI) strain. The prevalence of different M. tuberculosis strains in specific ethnic populations suggests that M. tuberculosis transmission is limited and restricted to close contact. The prevalence of the Beijing modern strain in the young population causes a concern for M. tuberculosis control, because of high virulence and drug resistance. Furthermore, our data using molecular genotyping should provide valuable information on the historical study of the origin and migration of aborigines in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horng-Yunn Dou
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Number 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Number 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kou
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Number 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Number 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
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15
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Chen YY, Lin CW, Huang WF, Chang JR, Su IJ, Hsu CH, Cheng HY, Hsu SC, Dou HY. Recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin coexpressing Ag85b, CFP10, and interleukin-12 elicits effective protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 50:90-96. [PMID: 25732698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tuberculosis (TB) pandemic remains a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality, despite widespread use of the only licensed anti-TB vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The protective efficacy of BCG in preventing pulmonary TB is highly variable; therefore, an effective new vaccine is urgently required. METHODS In the present study, we assessed the ability of novel recombinant BCG vaccine (rBCG) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using modern immunological methods. RESULTS Enzyme-linked immunospot assays demonstrated that the rBCG vaccine, which coexpresses two mycobacterial antigens (Ag85B and CFP10) and human interleukin (IL)-12 (rBCG2) elicits greater interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release in the mouse lung and spleen, compared to the parental BCG. In addition, rBCG2 triggers a Th1-polarized response. Our results also showed that rBCG2 vaccination significantly limits M. tuberculosis H37Rv multiplication in macrophages. The rBCG2 vaccine surprisingly induces significantly higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were exposed to a nonmycobacterial stimulus, compared to the parental BCG. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that the novel rBCG2 vaccine may be a promising candidate vaccine against M. tuberculosis infection.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/administration & dosage
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Acyltransferases/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mycobacterium bovis/genetics
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Tuberculosis/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/genetics
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Yuan Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yin Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yunn Dou
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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16
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Distinct modes of transmission of tuberculosis in aboriginal and non-aboriginal populations in Taiwan. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112633. [PMID: 25393403 PMCID: PMC4231046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis incidence among aborigines is significantly higher than for Han Chinese in Taiwan, but the extent to which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain characteristics contribute to this difference is not well understood. MTB isolates from aborigines and Han Chinese living in eastern and southern Taiwan, the major regions of aborigines, were analyzed by spoligotyping and 24-loci MIRU-VNTR. In eastern Taiwan, 60% of aboriginal patients were ≤20 years old, significantly younger than the non-aboriginal patients there; aborigines were more likely to have clustered MTB isolates than Han Chinese (odds ratio (OR) = 5.98, p<0.0001). MTB lineages with high clustering were EAI (54.9%) among southern people, and Beijing (62.5%) and Haarlem (52.9%) among eastern aborigines. Resistance to first-line drugs and multidrug resistance (MDR) were significantly higher among eastern aborigines (≥15%) than in any other geographic and ethnic group (p<0.05); MDR was detected in 5 of 28 eastern aboriginal patients ≤20 years old. Among patients from the eastern region, clustered strains (p = 0.01) and aboriginal ethnicity (p = 0.04) were independent risk factors for MDR. The lifestyles of aborigines in eastern Taiwan may explain why the percentage of infected aborigines is much higher than for their Han Chinese counterparts. The significantly higher percentage of the MDR-MTB strains in the aboriginal population warrants close attention to control policy and vaccination strategy.
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17
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Chen YY, Chang JR, Huang WF, Hsu SC, Kuo SC, Sun JR, Dou HY. The pattern of cytokine production in vitro induced by ancient and modern Beijing Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94296. [PMID: 24728339 PMCID: PMC3984122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear to what extent the host-responses elicited by Beijing versus non-Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) contribute to the predominance of modern Beijing strains in Taiwan and some other Asian countries. The purpose of this study was to compare the expression profiles of virulence-related genes in human monocyte-derived macrophages infected in vitro with Beijing (ancient and modern strains) and non-Beijing strains (EAI strains) of MTB that are epidemic in Taiwan. We found that modern Beijing strains induced lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas EAI strains induced higher levels. Notably, the most prevalent modern Beijing sub-lineage, possessing intact RD150 and RD142 chromosomal regions, induced very low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-1β. Moreover, in an intracellular growth assay, the survival of the same modern Beijing strain in human monocyte-derived macrophages was significantly higher than that of an ancient Beijing strain and an EAI strain. Taken together, these results may explain why modern Beijing strains of MTB predominate in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Yuan Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yunn Dou
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Chen YY, Chang JR, Huang WF, Kuo SC, Yeh JJ, Lee JJ, Jang CS, Sun JR, Chiueh TS, Su IJ, Dou HY. Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in aboriginal peoples of Taiwan, 2006–2011. J Infect 2014; 68:332-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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