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Yang X, Jia S, Xia C, Yang Y. Discovery of novel β-carboline/melatonin hybrids as STAT3 inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer via increasing DNA damage. Bioorg Med Chem 2025; 127:118227. [PMID: 40354674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2025.118227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2025] [Revised: 04/26/2025] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Based on the facts that significant synergistic effects exist between STAT3 inhibitors and DNA damage agents, we herein designed and synthesized a series of β-carboline/melatonin hybrids as STAT3 inhibitors via increasing DNA damage. Among them, DT10 exhibited superior in vitro antitumor potency against A549 and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 0.44 and 1.89 μM, respectively. Mechanistic investigations revealed that DT10 could reduce p-STAT3 levels, inhibit STAT3 nuclear translocation (IC50 = 2.06 ± 0.55 μM), and upregulate the DNA damage markers γ-H2AX and 53BP1 in A549 cells. Additionally, DT10 suppressed the migration and promoted the apoptosis of A549 cells. Overall, DT10 has a strong anticancer effect and is a candidate therapeutic target for human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Shuting Jia
- Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng 048026, China
| | - Chao Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
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2
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Sulaiman NF, Zulkifli SZ, Saaidin AS, Lekkala R, Izzaty Hassan N, Pungot NH. Exploring β-carboline hybrids and their derivatives: A review on synthesis and anticancer efficiency. Eur J Med Chem 2025; 288:117412. [PMID: 39987835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2025] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
β-Carboline is a crucial compound in medicinal chemistry known for its versatile pharmacological activities. Recent research has focused on hybrid molecules incorporating a β-carboline scaffold linked to other pharmacophore moieties. These hybrid compounds have demonstrated diverse therapeutic properties, including anticancer, antianxiety, antimalarial, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antileishmanial, and antioxidant effects. This review highlights studies conducted from 2014 to the present with a particular emphasis on the development of β-carboline hybrid compounds and their derivatives as potent anticancer agents. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis reveals that these hybrids exhibit significant cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. This review aims to inspire further research into the novel synthesis and evolution of β-carboline hybrids and their derivatives, potentially leading to new therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatihah Sulaiman
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zafirah Zulkifli
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450, Malaysia; Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia
| | - Aimi Suhaily Saaidin
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia
| | - Ravindar Lekkala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hidayah Pungot
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450, Malaysia; Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia.
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3
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Yu L, Shen N, Ren J, Xin H, Cui Y. Resource distribution, pharmacological activity, toxicology and clinical drugs of β-Carboline alkaloids: An updated and systematic review. Fitoterapia 2025; 180:106326. [PMID: 39645053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
β-Carboline alkaloids are a broad class of indole alkaloids that were first isolated from Peganum harmala L., a traditional Chinese herbal remedy. β-Carboline alkaloids have been found to have many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. β-Carboline alkaloids have been studied, and nine therapeutic medications based on its structural skeleton have been utilized to treat a range of illnesses. These compounds' potent pharmacological action and high druggability have garnered a lot of interest. This review systematically summarized resource distribution, pharmacological activity, toxicology and clinical drugs of β-Carboline alkaloids. These alkaloids are mostly found in plants, particularly (Peganum harmala L.), although they are also present in food, bacteria, fungus, and animals. By inhibiting NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K-AKT multiple signal pathways, they demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, oxidative, neurological, cancer, fungal, and leishmania pharmacological activity. Toxicology revealed that β-Carboline alkaloids can produce confusion, irritability, dyskinesia, nausea, vomiting, and audiovisual hallucinations in addition to stimulating the central nervous system and inhibiting metabolism. Clinical drugs based on β-Carboline alkaloids have been used for clinical treatment of arrhythmia, cerebrovascular diseases and dysfunction, hypertension, epilepsy, malaria and mydriasis diseases. It will prompt us to redefine β-Carboline alkaloids. For β-Carboline alkaloids that inspires pharmacological applications in medicine and the development of novel medications containing these alkaloids, it will be a useful resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Na Shen
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Jiani Ren
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Huawei Xin
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Yulei Cui
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China.
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4
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Wu G, Wang W, Li F, Xu C, Zhou Y, Li Z, Liu B, Shao L, Chen D, Bai S, Wang Z. Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of β-Carboline Derivatives Containing Nitrogen Heterocycles. Molecules 2024; 29:5155. [PMID: 39519796 PMCID: PMC11547513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29215155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of β-carboline derivatives containing nitrogen heterocycles were designed and synthesized. All compounds were screened for their antitumor activity against four human tumor cell lines (A549, K562, PC-3, T47D). Notably, compound N-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)-2-((5-(1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)acetamide (8q) exhibited significant inhibitory activity against PC-3 cells with an IC50 value of 9.86 µM. Importantly, compound 8q effectively suppressed both the proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that compound 8q induced cell apoptosis and caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Wenhang Wang
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Fulian Li
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Chenlu Xu
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Zhurui Li
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Bingqian Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Lihui Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Danping Chen
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Song Bai
- Research Center for Green Chemistry and Ecological Environment Technology, Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College, Guiyang 550008, China
| | - Zhenchao Wang
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (D.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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5
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Torquato HFV, Rodrigues Junior MT, Lima CS, de Araujo Júnior RT, Soares CCSP, Domiciano AT, de Morais RLT, Rosolen D, Cavalli LR, Santos-Filho OA, Justo GZ, Pilli RA, Paredes-Gamero EJ. DNA Damage-Inducing 10-Methoxy-canthin-6-one (Mtx-C) Promotes Cell Cycle Arrest in G 2/M and Myeloid Differentiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemias and Leukemic Stem Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:37343-37354. [PMID: 39246489 PMCID: PMC11375717 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic 10-methoxy-canthin-6-one (Mtx-C), an alkaloid derivative, exhibits cytotoxic effects against acute myeloid cells (AMLs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) at a concentration of approximately 60 μM. However, the antitumor mechanism of Mtx-C in AMLs and LSCs remains elusive. Using Mtx-C at concentrations with low cytotoxicity (2-4 μM) for 72 h, we observed cell arrest with the accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. This effect was controlled by cyclin B1 expression and induction of the DNA damage cascade characterized by ATM, ATR, Chk1/2, p53, and H2A.X phosphorylation. Molecular docking analysis confirmed Mtx-C as a DNA intercalator. Moreover, the expression of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, including p21 (Cip1) and p27 (Kip1), increased. In addition, several miRNAs that are considered oncosuppressors were regulated by Mtx-C in Kasumi-1 cells. Finally, concomitant with cell cycle arrest, the underlying molecular mechanisms of Mtx-C in AML cells include myeloid differentiation, as evidenced by the increased expression of PU.1, myeloperoxidase, CD15, CD11b, and CD14 in the AML and LSC populations with the participation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Thus, we showed that Mtx-C simultaneously induced cell cycle arrest and myeloid differentiation in AML lineages and in the LSC population, providing insights into new therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of AML based on naturally occurring molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heron F V Torquato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Cauê Santos Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | | | - Caio C S P Soares
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13084-971, Brazil
| | - André Tarsis Domiciano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | | | - Daiane Rosolen
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20007, United States
| | - Osvaldo Andrade Santos-Filho
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Biologia Estrutural Computacional, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
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6
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Guo YL, Yu JW, Cao Y, Cheng KX, Dong-Zhi SNM, Zhang YF, Ren QJ, Yin Y, Li CL. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of harmine derivatives as topoisomerase I inhibitors for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116061. [PMID: 38154256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of β-carboline derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing the chalcone moiety into the harmine. The synthesized derivatives were evaluated their anti-proliferative activities against six human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, HT29, A549, and PC-3) and one normal cell line (L02). Among them, compound G11 exhibited the potent anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 0.34 μM. Further biological studies revealed that compound G11 inhibited colony formation of MCF-7 cells, suppressed MCF-7 cell migration by downregulating migration-associated protein MMP-2. In addition, it could induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by downregulating Bcl-2 and upregulating Cleaved-PARP, Bax, and phosphorylated Bim proteins. Furthermore, compound G11 can act as a Topo I inhibitor, affecting DNA synthesis and transcription, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, compound G11 inhibited tumor growth in 4T1 syngeneic transplant mice with an inhibition rate of 43.19 % at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and 63.87 % at 20 mg/kg, without causing significant toxicity to the mice or their organs, achieving the goal of reduced toxicity and increased efficacy. All these results indicate of G11 has enormous potential as an anti-tumor agent and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jing-Wen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Suo-Nan-Mu Dong-Zhi
- Tibetan Medicine Research Institute, Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Tibet, 850000, PR China
| | - Yan-Fei Zhang
- Tibetan Medicine Research Institute, Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Tibet, 850000, PR China
| | - Qing-Jia Ren
- Tibetan Medicine Research Institute, Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Tibet, 850000, PR China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Cao-Long Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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7
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Ma L, Chen X, Zhu S, Chen W, Ma Q, Fan W, Zhang J, Guo L. New β-carboline derivatives containing imidazolium as potential VEGFR2 inhibitors: synthesis, X-ray structure, antiproliferative evaluations, and molecular modeling. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1064-1076. [PMID: 36324492 PMCID: PMC9491354 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new β-carboline derivatives containing an imidazolium moiety were designed and synthesized via the reaction of β-carboline-1-carboxaldehydes, acetyl chloride, primary amine, and formaldehyde. The antitumor activity of the synthesized compounds was examined against lung carcinoma (A549), gastric carcinoma (BGC-823), murine colon carcinoma (CT-26), liver carcinoma (Bel-7402) and breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. The results indicated that most compounds exhibited significant antiproliferative activity, in some cases greater than that of cisplatin, and compound 3z was found to be the most potent antiproliferative agent against A549, BGC823, CT-26, Bel-7402 and MCF-7 cell lines with an IC50 value of 2.7 ± 0.4, 2.7 ± 0.6, 2.4 ± 0.2, 3.2 ± 0.2, and 5.6 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. Combined with favorable in vitro potency, the antitumor efficacies of the selected compounds in mice were also evaluated. Compound 3z exhibited potent antitumor activity with a tumor inhibition rate of 48.6% in sarcoma 180 models. Preliminary investigations on the mechanisms of action revealed that compound 3z could dramatically inhibit EA.hy926 cell tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation of the preliminary mechanism of action demonstrated that compound 3z had obvious angiogenesis inhibitory effects in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The results of the docking study showed a good fitting of the new compounds 3o and 3z to the active site of VEGFR-2 with a docking score energy of -11.31 kcal per mole and -11.26 kcal per mole, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of XinJiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of XinJiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of XinJiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi China
| | - Wei Chen
- XinJiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd. Urumqi China
| | - Qin Ma
- XinJiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd. Urumqi China
| | - Wenxi Fan
- XinJiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd. Urumqi China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of XinJiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of XinJiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi China
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8
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Facile synthesis of C1-substituted β-carbolines as CDK4 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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Tilekar K, Shelke O, Upadhyay N, Lavecchia A, Ramaa CS. Current status and future prospects of molecular hybrids with thiazolidinedione (TZD) scaffold in anticancer drug discovery. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Hu D, Han G, Li X, Ren H, Yue L, Guo L, Feng J. Synthesis and Evaluation in vitro of Novel Harmine Derivatives as Anticancer Activity Agents. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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A comprehensive overview of β-carbolines and its derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113688. [PMID: 34332400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
β-Carboline alkaloids are a family of natural and synthetic products with structural diversity and outstanding antitumor activities. This review summarizes research developments of β-carboline and its derivatives as anticancer agents, which focused on both natural and synthetic monomers as well as dimers. In addition, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of β-carboline monomers and dimers are summarized and mechanism of action of β-carboline and its derivatives are also presented. A few possible research directions, suggestions and clues for future work on the development of novel β-carboline-based anticancer agents with improved expected activities and lesser toxicity are also provided.
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12
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Hu X, Gao X, Gao G, Wang Y, Cao H, Li D, Hua H. Discovery of β-carboline-(phenylsulfonyl)furoxan hybrids as potential anti-breast cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Alzain AA, Brisson L, Delaye PO, Pénichon M, Chadet S, Besson P, Chevalier S, Allouchi H, Mohamed MA, Roger S, Enguehard-Gueiffier C. Bioinspired imidazo[1,2-a:4,5-c']dipyridines with dual antiproliferative and anti-migrative properties in human cancer cells: The SAR investigation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113258. [PMID: 33813152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of novel bioinspired imidazo[1,2-a:4,5c']dipyridines. The structural optimization identified four anti-proliferative compounds. Compounds 11, 18, 19 and 20 exhibited excellent anticancer activities in vitro with IC50 of 0.4-5 μM against three human cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-435s and MDA-MB-231). These four compounds induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner, targeting different apoptotic proteins expression: 11 increased the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein while 18-20 reduced the level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Compounds 18 and 19 also reduced MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation as measured by Ki-67 staining. Furthermore, compounds were also tested for the ability to inhibit cell migration in the highly aggressive human MDA-MB-435s cell line. Six compounds of this series (8, 15, 18, 22, 23, 24) inhibited cell migration by 41-50% while four compounds (20, 25, 27, 30) inhibited the migration by 53-62% in wound-healing experiments. Interestingly, compound 20 presented both antiproliferative and anti-migration activities and might be a promising anti-metastatic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahim A Alzain
- University of Tours, Faculty of Pharmacy, EA 7502 SIMBA, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France; University of Gezira, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O box 20, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Lucie Brisson
- University of Tours, INSERM, UMR 1069 N2C, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Delaye
- University of Tours, Faculty of Pharmacy, EA 7502 SIMBA, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Mélanie Pénichon
- University of Tours, Faculty of Pharmacy, EA 7502 SIMBA, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- University of Tours, EA 4245 T2I, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Besson
- University of Tours, EA 4245 T2I, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Stéphan Chevalier
- University of Tours, INSERM, UMR 1069 N2C, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Hassan Allouchi
- University of Tours, Faculty of Pharmacy, EA 7502 SIMBA, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Magdi A Mohamed
- University of Khartoum, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Khartoum, Sudan; Jouf University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sébastien Roger
- University of Tours, EA 4245 T2I, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75006, Paris, France.
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14
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Ahmad I, Fakhri S, Khan H, Jeandet P, Aschner M, Yu ZL. Targeting cell cycle by β-carboline alkaloids in vitro: Novel therapeutic prospects for the treatment of cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109229. [PMID: 32835667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation is the mainstay of aberrant cell proliferation, which leads to tumor progression. Mutations in tumor cells initiate various dysregulated pathways and spontaneous over-proliferation with genomic/chromosomal instability. Despite advances in cancer therapy, it has remained a medicinal challenge to treat. Besides, the complexity of pathophysiological pathways behind cancer raises the need for novel multi-target agents, possessing fewer side effects. Alkaloid-based therapies have been explored so far to target cell division in cancer, including vinca alkaloids. As a class of hopeful β-carboline derivatives, growing evidence has indicated their auspicious roles in combating cancer by inhibiting topoisomerase (TOPO), kinesin Eg5, telomerase, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), IκB kinase (IKK), and polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) in the transition phases of cell cycle. In this review, in vitro potential of β-carboline has been revealed through targeting cell division cycle at different phases. In conclusion, β-carboline alkaloids could be introduced as novel candidates in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, Faculty of Sciences University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex, 51687, France.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Molecular hybrid design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anticancer evaluation, and mechanism of action of N-acylhydrazone linked, heterobivalent β-carbolines. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103612. [PMID: 32007724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-acylhydrazone-linked, heterobivalent β-carboline derivatives was designed and synthesized from l-tryptophan in a nine-step reaction sequence. The effort resulted in the heterobivalent β-carbolines 10a-t in good yields. The target compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against normal EA.HY926 cells and five cancer cell lines: LLC (Lewis lung carcinoma), BGC-823 (gastric carcinoma), CT-26 (murine colon carcinoma), Bel-7402 (liver carcinoma), and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma). Compound 10e, with an IC50 value of 2.41 μM against EA.HY926 cells, was the most potent inhibitor. It showed cytotoxicity against all five cancer cell lines of different origin - murine and human, with IC50 values ranging from 4.2 ± 0.7 to 18.5 ± 3.1 μM. A study of structure-activity relationships indicated that the influence on cytotoxic activities of the substituent in the R9'-position followed the tendency, 2,3,4,5,6-perfluorophenylmethyl > 4-fluorobenzyl > 3-phenylpropyl group. The antitumor efficacies of the selected compounds were also evaluated in mice. Compound 10e exhibited potent antitumor activity, with tumor inhibition of more than 40% for Sarcoma 180 and 36.7% for Lewis lung cancer. Furthermore, the pharmacological mechanisms showed that compound 10e has a certain impairment in the motility of LLC cells, which suggests the anti-metastatic potential. And compound 10e inhibited angiogenesis in chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, and the anti-angiogenetic potency was more potent than the reference drug combretastatin A4-phosphate (CA4P) at a concentration 50 μM.
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16
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Carvalho A, Viaene J, Vandenbussche G, De Braekeleer K, Masereel B, Wouters J, Souard F, Vander Heyden Y, Van Antwerpen P, Delporte C, Mathieu V. A new potential anti-cancer beta-carboline derivative decreases the expression levels of key proteins involved in glioma aggressiveness: A proteomic investigation. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:32-42. [PMID: 31498913 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas remain highly fatal due to their high resistance to current therapies. Deregulation of protein synthesis contributes to cancer onset and progression and is a source of rising interest for new drugs. CM16, a harmine derivative with predicted high blood-brain barrier penetration, exerts antiproliferative effects partly through translation inhibition. We evaluated herein how CM16 alters the proteome of glioma cells. The analysis of the gel-free LC/MS and auto-MS/MS data showed that CM16 induces time- and concentration-dependent significant changes in the total ion current chromatograms. In addition, we observed spontaneous clustering of the samples according to their treatment condition and their proper classification by unsupervised and supervised analyses, respectively. A two-dimensional gel-based approach analysis allowed us to identify that treatment with CM16 may downregulate four key proteins involved in glioma aggressiveness and associated with poor patient survival (HspB1, BTF3, PGAM1, and cofilin), while it may upregulate galectin-1 and Ebp1. Consistently with the protein synthesis inhibition properties of CM16, HspB1, Ebp1, and BTF3 exert known roles in protein synthesis. In conclusion, the downregulation of HspB1, BTF3, PGAM1 and cofilin bring new insights in CM16 antiproliferative effects, further supporting CM16 as an interesting protein synthesis inhibitor to combat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Viaene
- VUB - Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Vandenbussche
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Braekeleer
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Masereel
- NAMEDIC, Department of Pharmacy, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- NAMEDIC, Department of Pharmacy, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Florence Souard
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Grenoble, France
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- VUB - Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Jeyapal GP, Krishnasamy R, Suzuki CK, Venkatesh S, Chandrasekar M. In-silico design and synthesis of N9-substituted β-Carbolines as PLK-1 inhibitors and their in-vitro/in-vivo tumor suppressing evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Ling Y, Li Y, Zhu R, Qian J, Liu J, Gao W, Meng C, Miao J, Xiong B, Qiu X, Ling C, Dai H, Zhang Y. Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives of β-Carboline/Hydroxycinnamic Acid Hybrids Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathways. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1442-1450. [PMID: 31120744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring β-carbolines are known to have antitumor activities but with limited effectiveness. In order to improve their efficacy, a series of new hydroxamic-acid-containing β-carbolines connected via a hydroxycinnamic acid moitey (12a-f) were developed to incorporate histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition for possible synergistic effects. When evaluated in in vitro assays, most of the analogues showed significant antitumor activities against four human cancer cells. In particular, 12b showed the highest cytotoxic potency of the series, including drug-resistant Bel7402 cells, but had minimal effect on normal hepatic LO2 cells. These compounds also showed excellent inhibitory effects against HDAC1/6, which appear to contribute greatly to their antiproliferative properties. Compound 12b enhanced the acetylation levels of histone H3 and α-tubulin and induced greater cancer cell apoptosis than the FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor SAHA by regulating expression of apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3. Importantly, 12b also induced a significant amount of autophagic flux activity in Bel7402 cells by increasing the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II proteins and decreasing that of LC3-I and p62. Finally, 12b significantly inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, an important cell-growth-promoting pathway aberrantly activated in many cancers. Together, the results suggest that these hydroxamic-acid-containing β-carboline derivatives may be new leads for the discovery of agents for the treatment of human carcinoma cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Li
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefei Miao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Xiong
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Changchun Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nantong University , Nantong 226019 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , People's Republic of China
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19
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Rizvi SMD, Alshammari AAA, Almawkaa WA, Ahmed ABF, Katamesh A, Alafnan A, Almutairi TJ, Alshammari RF. An oncoinformatics study to predict the inhibitory potential of recent FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs against human Polo-like kinase 1 enzyme: a step towards dual-target cancer medication. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:70. [PMID: 30800581 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer prevalence has increased at an alarming rate worldwide. Complexity, resistance mechanism and multiple compensatory survival pathways of cancer cells have abated the response of currently available cancer medications. Therefore, multi-target agents rather than single target might provide a better solution to these cancer therapy issues. In the present study, anti-PLK1 (Polo-like kinase 1) potential of the eight FDA-approved (2017) anti-cancer drugs have been explored using molecular docking approach. Out of all the tested drugs, brigatinib, niraparib and ribociclib showed better binding affinity towards the 'kinase domain' of PLK1. The Gibbs free binding energy (ΔG) and inhibition constant (K i) values for brigatinib, niraparib and ribociclib interaction with the kinase domain of PLK1 were '- 8.05 kcal/mol and 1.26 µM', '- 8.35 kcal/mol and 0.729 µM' and '- 7.29 kcal/mol and 4.52 µM', respectively. Interestingly, the docking results of these three drugs were better than the known PLK1 inhibitors (BI-2536 and rigosertib). The ΔG and K i values for BI-2536 and rigosertib interaction with the kinase domain of PLK1 were '- 6.8 kcal/mol and 10.38 µM' and '- 6.6 kcal/mol and 14.51 µM', respectively. Brigatinib, niraparib and ribociclib have been approved by FDA for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian/fallopian tube cancer and breast cancer, respectively. PLK1 is regarded as a potential cancer target, and it is specifically over-expressed in different types of cancer cells, including aforementioned cancers. Actually, the target enzymes for anti-cancer action of brigatinib, niraparib and ribociclib are tyrosine kinase, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, respectively. However, based on our outcomes, we could safely state that PLK1 might plausibly emerge as an add-on target for each of these three anti-cancer drugs. We strongly believe that this study would assist in the development of better dual-targeting cancer therapeutic agent in the near future.
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20
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Zhong H, Daoud A, Han J, An X, Qiao C, Duan L, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhou J, Shang J. A Small β-Carboline Derivative "B-9-3" Modulates TGF-β Signaling Pathway Causing Tumor Regression in Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:788. [PMID: 30079021 PMCID: PMC6063040 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial in order to overcome the anti-cancer therapy resistance. In this study, we report the antitumor activity of a newly synthesized β-carboline derivative “B-9-3.” Here, this small molecule showed a promising antitumor activity in vivo along with an enhanced immune response as reflected by a reduction of regulatory T cells and increased CD4+/CD8+ T cells. Further, B-9-3 decreased the number of myofibroblasts not only in the tumor but also in the lung suggesting an anti-metastatic action. The reduction of myofibroblasts was associated with lower expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers and a decrease of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 complex indicating the implication of TGF-β signaling pathway in B-9-3’s effect. The blockade of myofibroblasts induction by B-9-3 was also verified in vitro in human fibroblasts treated with TGF-β. To elucidate the mechanism of B-9-3’s action on TGF-β pathway, first, we investigated the molecular interaction between B-9-3 and TGF-β receptors using docking method. Data showed a weak interaction of B-9-3 with the ATP-binding pocket of TGFβRI but a strong one with a ternary complex formed of extracellular domains of TGFβRI, TGFβRII, and TGF-β. In addition, the role of TGFβRI and TGFβRII in B-9-3’s activity was explored in vitro. B-9-3 did not decrease any of the two receptors’ protein level and only reduced phosphorylated SMAD2/3 suggesting that its effect was more probably due to its interaction with the ternary complex rather than decreasing the expression of TGF-β receptors or interfering with their ATP-binding domains. B-9-3 is a small active molecule which acts on the TGF-β signaling pathway and improves the TME to inhibit the proliferation and the metastasis of the tumor with the potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Abdelkader Daoud
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caili Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanlan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Combining ligand-based and structure-based drug design approaches to study the structure-activity relationships of a β-carboline derivative series. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Discovery of novel β-carboline/acylhydrazone hybrids as potent antitumor agents and overcome drug resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:516-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Geng X, Ren Y, Wang F, Tian D, Yao X, Zhang Y, Tang J. Harmines inhibit cancer cell growth through coordinated activation of apoptosis and inhibition of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:99-104. [PMID: 29501493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Harmine and its analogs have long been considered as anticancer agents. In vitro analyses suggested that intercalating DNA or inhibiting topoisomerase might contribute to the cytotoxic effect of this class of compound. However, this idea has not been rigorously tested in intact cells. By synthesizing novel derivatives, here we demonstrate that harmines did not activate the DNA damage response, a cellular signaling commonly induced by agents that intercalate DNA or inhibit topoisomerase. These findings suggest that mechanisms other than DNA intercalating or topoisomerase inhibiting contribute to the toxicity of harmines in vivo. Using a novel N2-benzyl and N9-arylated alkyl compound 10f that has good solubility and stability as the model, we show that harmines strongly inhibited the growth of cancer cells originated from breast, lung, bone and pancreas, but not that of normal fibroblasts. We further show that 10f induced apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in a dose and time-dependent manner. An apoptosis inhibitor suppressed 10f-induced cell death. Together, our results reveal previously unidentified insights into the anticancer mechanism of harmines, supporting future development of this compound class in the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Geng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichang Ren
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Danmei Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Tang S, Wang J, Xiong Z, Xie Z, Li D, Huang J, Zhu Q. Palladium-Catalyzed Imidoylative Cyclization of Tryptophan-Derived Isocyanides: Access to β-Carbolines. Org Lett 2017; 19:5577-5580. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan
Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan
Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan
Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zeqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan
Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Dengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan
Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan
Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan
Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
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25
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Liu J, Wang T, Wang X, Luo L, Guo J, Peng Y, Xu Q, Miao J, Zhang Y, Ling Y. Development of novel β-carboline-based hydroxamate derivatives as HDAC inhibitors with DNA damage and apoptosis inducing abilities. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1213-1219. [PMID: 30108831 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel β-carboline-based hydroxamate derivatives (8a-n) as HDAC inhibitors have been designed and synthesized. Most of these compounds displayed potent histone deacetylase inhibitory effects and good antiproliferative activity with IC50s in the low micromolar range. One of the most potent compounds (8k) showed the strongest inhibition of the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro, with IC50 values lower than that of the currently approved HDAC inhibitor SAHA. Compound 8k also increased acetylation of histone H3 and α-tubulin, consistent with its potent HDAC inhibition. Importantly, 8k induced hypochromism by electrostatic interactions with CT-DNA, suggesting potential induction of DNA damage. Finally, 8k significantly induced HepG2 cell apoptosis by regulating apoptotic relative proteins expression. Together, our findings suggest that these novel β-carboline-based hydroxamate derivatives may provide a new framework for the discovery of novel antitumor agents for the intervention of human carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ;
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ;
| | - Xinyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ; .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , P.R. China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ;
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ;
| | - Yanfu Peng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ;
| | - Qibing Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ;
| | - Jiefei Miao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ; .,Tumor-chemotherapy Department , Affiliated Hospital , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ;
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , P.R. China . ; .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , P.R. China
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hybrids of β-carboline and salicylic acid as potential anticancer and apoptosis inducing agents. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36238. [PMID: 27824091 PMCID: PMC5099944 DOI: 10.1038/srep36238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of hybrids (7a-l, 8a-l) from β-carboline and salicylic acid (SA) were designed and synthesized, and their in vitro biological activities were evaluated. Most of the hybrids displayed potent antiproliferative activity against five cancer cell lines in vitro, showing potencies superior to 5-FU and harmine. In particular, compound 8h selectively inhibited proliferation of liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells but not normal liver LO2 cells, and displayed greater inhibitory selectivity than intermediate 5h and SA. 8h also induced cancer cell apoptosis in an Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide flow cytometry assay, and triggered the mitochondrial/caspase apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential which was associated with up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and activation levels of the caspase cascade in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the β-carboline/SA hybrids may hold greater promise as therapeutic agents for the intervention of human cancers.
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27
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Chen W, Zhang G, Guo L, Fan W, Ma Q, Zhang X, Du R, Cao R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel alkyl diamine linked bivalent β-carbolines as angiogenesis inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:249-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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28
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Du H, Gu H, Li N, Wang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bivalent β-carbolines as potential anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel bivalent β-carbolines were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities on a panel of cancer cell lines, apoptosis induction and cell cycle effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Du
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- PR China
- College of Plant Protection
- Northwest A&F University
| | - Hongling Gu
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- PR China
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- PR China
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29
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Lunagariya NA, Gohil VM, Kushwah V, Neelagiri S, Jain S, Singh S, Bhutani KK. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3,6-trisubstituted β-carboline derivatives for cytotoxic and anti-leishmanial potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:789-794. [PMID: 26791014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 23 derivatives of 1,3,6-trisubstituted β-carboline were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic potential against four human cancer cells, namely A-549, HeLa, Hep G2 and MCF-7 as well as anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani (MHOM/80/IN/Dd8) promastigotes. Among the studied compounds, compounds 13c and 13q showed potent cytotoxic activity better than the parent compound 10. For instance, compound 13c was found to be the most cytotoxic with IC50 of 4.72, 3.59, 3.65 and 4.17 μM against A-549, HeLa, Hep G2 and MCF-7 respectively, while for compound 13q, IC50 were 15.47, 5.30, 6.15 and 13.39 μM against the same cancer cells respectively. Further, these two compounds were found to be apoptotic in A-549 and MCF-7 cells when observed using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining under confocal microscope. All the compounds were also tested for anti-leishmanial potential. In which, compounds 13u and 13c were found to show moderate inhibition with IC50 of 23.5±9.0 and 68.0±0.0 μM respectively, while compound 10 was the most active with IC50 of 9.0±2.8 μM, suggesting the modification at C-6 detrimental for anti-leishmanial activity. Interestingly, amongst all, compound 13c was found to be the most active for cytotoxic and moderately active for anti-leishmanial activity which can be further developed as a lead for these disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Lunagariya
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vikrantsinh M Gohil
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Soumya Neelagiri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sushma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kamlesh K Bhutani
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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30
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Ma Q, Chen W, Chen W. Anti-tumor angiogenesis effect of a new compound: B-9-3 through interference with VEGFR2 signaling. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6107-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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31
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Ling Y, Xu C, Luo L, Cao J, Feng J, Xue Y, Zhu Q, Ju C, Li F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ling X. Novel β-Carboline/Hydroxamic Acid Hybrids Targeting Both Histone Deacetylase and DNA Display High Anticancer Activity via Regulation of the p53 Signaling Pathway. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9214-27. [PMID: 26555243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of hybrids from β-carboline and hydroxamic acid were designed and synthesized. Several compounds (5m, 11b-d, and 11h) not only exerted significant antiproliferation activity against four human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines but also showed histone deacetylase inhibitory effects in vitro. The most potent compound, 11c, exhibited anticancer potency sevenfold higher than that of SAHA. 11c triggered more significant cancer cell apoptosis than did SAHA by cleavage of both PARP and caspase 3 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 11c simultaneously increased the acetylation of histone H3 and α-tubulin, enhanced expression of DNA damage markers histone H2AX phosphorylation and p-p53 (Ser15), and activated p53 signaling pathway in HCT116 cells. Finally, 11c showed low acute toxicity in mice and inhibited the growth of implanted human CRC in mice more potently than did SAHA. Together, 11c possessed potent antitumor activity and may be a promising candidate for the potential treatment of human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chenjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | | | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York, USA
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32
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Design and synthesis of dithiocarbamate linked β-carboline derivatives: DNA topoisomerase II inhibition with DNA binding and apoptosis inducing ability. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5511-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Sun R, Liu R, Zhou C, Ren Z, Guo L, Ma Q, Fan W, Qiu L, Yu H, Shao G, Cao R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazine group-linked bivalent β-carbolines as potential antitumor agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of bivalent β-carbolines with a piperazine group spacer between 3-methylene units were synthesized and their cytotoxic activities in vitro were evaluated. Compounds 7e and 7g exhibited potent cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- PR China
| | - Chi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- PR China
| | - Zhenghua Ren
- School of Life Science
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- PR China
| | - Liang Guo
- Xinjiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Urumqi 830011
- PR China
| | - Qin Ma
- Xinjiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Urumqi 830011
- PR China
| | - Wenxi Fan
- Xinjiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Urumqi 830011
- PR China
| | - Liqin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- PR China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- PR China
| | - Guang Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- PR China
| | - Rihui Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- PR China
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34
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Kamal A, Rao MPN, Swapna P, Srinivasulu V, Bagul C, Shaik AB, Mullagiri K, Kovvuri J, Reddy VS, Vidyasagar K, Nagesh N. Synthesis of β-carboline-benzimidazole conjugates using lanthanum nitrate as a catalyst and their biological evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2370-87. [PMID: 24604306 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of β-carboline-benzimidazole conjugates bearing a substituted benzimidazole and an aryl ring at C3 and C1 respectively were designed and synthesized. The key step of their preparation was determined to involve condensation of substituted o-phenylenediamines with 1-(substituted phenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carbaldehyde using La(NO3)3·6H2O as a catalyst and their cytotoxic potential was evaluated. Conjugates 5a, 5d, 5h and 5r showed enhanced cytotoxic activity (GI50 values range from 0.3 to 7.1 μM in most of the human cancer cell lines) in comparison to some of the previously reported β-carboline derivatives. To substantiate the cytotoxic activity and to understand the nature of interaction of these conjugates with DNA, spectroscopy, DNA photocleavage and DNA topoisomerase I inhibition (topo-I) studies were performed. These conjugates (5a, 5d and 5r) effectively cleave pBR322 plasmid DNA in the presence of UV light. In addition, the effect of these conjugates on DNA Topo I inhibition was studied. The mode of binding of these new conjugates with DNA was also examined by using both biophysical as well as molecular docking studies, which supported their multiple modes of interaction with DNA. Moreover, an in silico study of these β-carboline-benzimidazole conjugates reveals that they possess drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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35
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Rizvi SMD, Shakil S, Zeeshan M, Khan MS, Shaikh S, Biswas D, Ahmad A, Kamal MA. An enzoinformatics study targeting polo-like kinases-1 enzyme: Comparative assessment of anticancer potential of compounds isolated from leaves of Ageratum houstonianum. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S14-21. [PMID: 24914294 PMCID: PMC4047579 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.127333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products from plant sources, embracing inherently ample structural diversity than synthetic ones are the major sources of anticancer agents and will constantly play as protagonists for discovering new drugs. Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play a leading role in the ordered execution of mitotic events and 4 mammalian PLK family members have been identified. PLK1 is an attractive target for anticancer drugs in mammalian cells, among the four members of PLKs. The present study expresses the molecular interaction of compounds (1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis (2 ethylhexyl) ester, squalene, 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol, Pentamethyl tetrahydro-5H-chromene, (1,4-Cyclohexylphenyl) ethanone and 6-Vinyl-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene) isolated from methanolic extract of leaves of Ageratum houstonianum with PLK1 enzyme. Docking between PLK1 and each of these compounds (separately) was performed using “Auto dock 4.2.” (1,4-Cyclohexylphenyl) ethanone showed the maximum potential as a promising inhibitor of PLK1 enzyme with reference to ∆G (−6.84 kcal/mol) and Ki (9.77 μM) values. This was sequentially followed by Pentamethyl tetrahydro-5H-chromene (∆G = −6.60 kcal/mol; Ki = 14.58 μM), squalene (∆G = −6.17 kcal/mol; Ki = 30.12 μM), 6-Vinyl-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene (∆G = −5.91 kcal/mol; Ki = 46.68 μM), 3, 5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol (∆G = −5.70 kcal/mol; Ki = 66.68 μM) and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis (2 ethylhexyl) ester (∆G = −5.58 kcal/mol; Ki = 80.80 μM). These results suggest that (1,4-Cyclohexylphenyl) ethanone might be a potent PLK1 inhibitor. Further, in vitro and in vivo rumination are warranted to validate the anticancer potential of (1,4-Cyclohexylphenyl) ethanone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shazi Shakil
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Zeeshan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deboshree Biswas
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adnan Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Wu Q, Bai Z, Ma Q, Fan W, Guo L, Zhang G, Qiu L, Yu H, Shao G, Cao R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bivalent β-carbolines as potential antitumor agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of bivalent β-carbolines with a spacer between the 3-carboxyl oxygens was synthesized and their cytotoxic activities in vitro and antitumor efficacies in vivo were evaluated. Compound 22 exhibited potent antitumor activity against Lewis lung cancer in mice with a tumor inhibition rate of 64.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Wu
- School of Life Science
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275, P R China
| | - Zhushuang Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275, P R China
| | - Qin Ma
- Xinjiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Urumqi 830011, P R China
| | - Wenxi Fan
- Xinjiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Urumqi 830011, P R China
| | - Liang Guo
- Xinjiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Urumqi 830011, P R China
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275, P R China
| | - Liqin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275, P R China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275, P R China
| | - Guang Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275, P R China
| | - Rihui Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275, P R China
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37
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B-9-3, a novel β-carboline derivative exhibits anti-cancer activity via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 724:219-30. [PMID: 24380828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Peganum harmala L is an important medicinal plant that has been used from ancient time due to its alkaloids rich of ß-carbolines. Harmane is a naturally occurring ß-carboline extracted from Peganum harmala L, that exhibits a wide range of biological, psychopharmacological, and toxicological actions. The synthesis of novel derivatives with high anti-cancer activity and less side effects is necessary. In the present study, B-9-3-a semi-synthetic compound that is formed of two harmane molecules bound by a butyl group-showed a strong anti-cancer activity against a human lung cancer cell line, a human breast cancer cell line, and a human colorectal carcinoma cell line. B-9-3 anti-proliferative effect followed a similar pattern in the three cell lines. This pattern includes a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis, or necroptosis as confirmed by Hoechst staining, flow cytometry and western blot analyses, and the inhibition of cancer cells migration that was shown to be dependent on the drug׳s concentration as well. Moreover, B-9-3 inhibited tube formation in human umbilical vascular endothelial cell line (HUVEC), which indicates an anti-angiogenesis activity in vitro. In summary, B-9-3, a semi-synthetic derivative of ß-carboline, has an anti-proliferative effect against tumor cells via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration.
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38
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Zhang G, Cao R, Guo L, Ma Q, Fan W, Chen X, Li J, Shao G, Qiu L, Ren Z. Synthesis and structure--activity relationships of N²-alkylated quaternary β-carbolines as novel antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:21-31. [PMID: 23688697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel N(2)-alkylated quaternary β-carbolines was synthesized by modification of position-1, 2, 7 and 9 of β-carboline nucleus with various alkyl and arylated alkyl substituents, and their cytotoxic activities in vitro and antitumor potencies in mice were evaluated. Compound 3m was found to be the most potent antitumor agent. SARs analysis revealed that (1) the substituents in position-2 and 9 of β-carboline nucleus played a vital role in modulation of antitumor activity; (2) the benzyl and 3-phenylpropyl substituents in position-2 and 9 of β-carboline ring were the optimal substituents giving rise to significant antitumor agent. These compounds might be a novel promising class of antitumor agents with clinical development potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xin Gang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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