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Tuersuntuoheti M, Zhang J, Zhou W, Zhang CL, Liu C, Chang Q, Liu S. Exploring the growth trait molecular markers in two sheep breeds based on Genome-wide association analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283383. [PMID: 36952432 PMCID: PMC10035858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth traits are quantitative traits controlled by multiple micro-effect genes. we identified molecular markers related to sheep growth traits, which formed the basis of molecular breeding. In this study, we randomly selected 100 Qira Black sheep and 84 German Merino sheep for the blood collection the jugular vein to genotype by using the Illumina Ovine SNP 50K Bead Chip. quality control criteria for statistical analysis were: rejection detection rate < 90% and minimum allele frequency (MAF) < 5%. Then, we performed Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on sheep body weight, body height, body length, and chest circumference using mixed linear models. After getting 55 SNPs with significant correlation, they were annotated by reference genome of Ovis aries genome (Oar_v4.0) and We obtained a total of 84 candidate genes associated with production traits (BMPR1B, HSD17B3, TMEM63C, etc.). We selected BMPR1B for population validation and found a correlation between the FecB locus and body weight traits. Therefore, this study not only supplements the existing knowledge of molecular markers of sheep growth traits, but also has important theoretical significance and reference value for the mining of functional genes of sheep growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirenisa Tuersuntuoheti
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Tarim Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Jihu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Tarim Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Tarim Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Tarim Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Chunjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Tarim Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Qianqian Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Tarim Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Tarim Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
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2
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Tan Z, Li W, Cheng X, Zhu Q, Zhang X. Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Potential Treatment Targets for Related Disorders. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010018. [PMID: 36671403 PMCID: PMC9855933 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and piRNAs, do not encode proteins. Nonetheless, they have critical roles in a variety of cellular activities-such as development, neurogenesis, degeneration, and the response to injury to the nervous system-via protein translation, RNA splicing, gene activation, silencing, modifications, and editing; thus, they may serve as potential targets for disease treatment. The activity of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus critically influences hippocampal function, including learning, memory, and emotion. ncRNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs and synapse formation. The interaction among ncRNAs is complex and diverse and has become a major topic within the life science. This review outlines advances in research on the roles of ncRNAs in modulating NSC bioactivity in the hippocampus and discusses their potential applications in the treatment of illnesses affecting the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengye Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Central Lab, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224001, China
- Correspondence:
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3
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Identification of PAX6 and NFAT4 as the Transcriptional Regulators of the Long Noncoding RNA Mrhl in Neuronal Progenitors. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0003622. [PMID: 36317923 PMCID: PMC9670966 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00036-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Mrhl has been shown to be involved in coordinating meiotic commitment of mouse spermatogonial progenitors and differentiation events in mouse embryonic stem cells. Here, we characterized the interplay of Mrhl with lineage-specific transcription factors during mouse neuronal lineage development. Our results demonstrate that Mrhl is expressed in the neuronal progenitor populations in mouse embryonic brains and in retinoic acid-derived radial-glia-like neuronal progenitor cells. Depletion of Mrhl leads to early differentiation of neuronal progenitors to a more committed state. A master transcription factor, PAX6, directly binds to the Mrhl promoter at a major site in the distal promoter, located at 2.9 kb upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) of Mrhl. Furthermore, NFAT4 occupies the Mrhl-proximal promoter at two sites, at 437 base pairs (bp) and 143 bp upstream of the TSS. Independent knockdown studies for PAX6 and NFAT4 confirm that they regulate Mrhl expression in neuronal progenitors. We also show that PAX6 and NFAT4 associate with each other in the same chromatin complex. NFAT4 occupies the Mrhl promoter in PAX6-bound chromatin, implying possible coregulation of Mrhl. Our studies are crucial for understanding how lncRNAs are regulated by major lineage-specific transcription factors, in order to define specific development and differentiation events.
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4
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Zargari S, Negahban Khameneh S, Rad A, Forghanifard MM. MEIS1 promotes expression of stem cell markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:789. [PMID: 32819319 PMCID: PMC7441725 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MEIS1 (Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1) as a homeobox (HOX) transcription factor plays regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes including development, differentiation, survival, apoptosis and hematopoiesis, as well as stem cell regulation. Few studies have established pluripotency and self-renewal regulatory roles for MEIS1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and our aim in this study was to evaluate the functional correlation between MEIS1 and the stemness markers in ESCC patients and cell line KYSE-30. METHODS Expression pattern of MEIS1 and SALL4 gene expression was analyzed in different pathological features of ESCC patients. shRNA in retroviral vector was used for constantly silencing of MEIS1 mRNA in ESCC line (KYSE-30). Knockdown of MEIS1 gene and the expression pattern of selected stemness markers including SALL4, OCT4, BMI-1, HIWI, NANOG, PLK1, and KLF4 were evaluated using real-time PCR. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed between MEIS1 and stemness marker SALL4 in different early pathological features of ESCC including non-invaded tumors, and the tumors with primary stages of progression. Retroviral knockdown of MEIS1 in KYSE-30 cells caused a noteworthy underexpression of both MEIS1 and major involved markers in stemness state of the cells including SALL4, OCT4, BMI-1, HIWI and KLF4. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the important potential role of MEIS1 in modulating stemness properties of ESCCs and cells KYSE-30. These findings may confirm the linkage between MEIS1 and self-renewal capacity in ESCC and support probable oncogenic role for MEIS1 in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Zargari
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shabnam Negahban Khameneh
- Department of Biology, Damghan branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box: 3671639998, Cheshmeh-Ali Boulevard, Sa'dei Square, Damghan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard
- Department of Biology, Damghan branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box: 3671639998, Cheshmeh-Ali Boulevard, Sa'dei Square, Damghan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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5
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Lee H, Lee HY, Lee BE, Gerovska D, Park SY, Zaehres H, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Kim JI, Ha Y, Schöler HR, Kim JB. Sequentially induced motor neurons from human fibroblasts facilitate locomotor recovery in a rodent spinal cord injury model. eLife 2020; 9:e52069. [PMID: 32571478 PMCID: PMC7311175 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of autologous human motor neurons holds great promise for cell replacement therapy to treat spinal cord injury (SCI). Direct conversion allows generation of target cells from somatic cells, however, current protocols are not practicable for therapeutic purposes since converted cells are post-mitotic that are not scalable. Therefore, therapeutic effects of directly converted neurons have not been elucidated yet. Here, we show that human fibroblasts can be converted into induced motor neurons (iMNs) by sequentially inducing POU5F1(OCT4) and LHX3. Our strategy enables scalable production of pure iMNs because of the transient acquisition of proliferative iMN-intermediate cell stage which is distinct from neural progenitors. iMNs exhibited hallmarks of spinal motor neurons including transcriptional profiles, electrophysiological property, synaptic activity, and neuromuscular junction formation. Remarkably, transplantation of iMNs showed therapeutic effects, promoting locomotor functional recovery in rodent SCI model. Together, our advanced strategy will provide tools to acquire sufficient human iMNs that may represent a promising cell source for personalized cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Lee
- Hans Schöler Stem Cell Research Center (HSSCRC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeong Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Byeong Eun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Group, Computational Biomedicine Data Analysis Platform, Biodonostia Health Research InstituteSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Soo Yong Park
- Hans Schöler Stem Cell Research Center (HSSCRC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Group, Computational Biomedicine Data Analysis Platform, Biodonostia Health Research InstituteSan SebastiánSpain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
| | - Jeong Beom Kim
- Hans Schöler Stem Cell Research Center (HSSCRC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
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6
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Kakebeen AD, Chitsazan AD, Williams MC, Saunders LM, Wills AE. Chromatin accessibility dynamics and single cell RNA-Seq reveal new regulators of regeneration in neural progenitors. eLife 2020; 9:e52648. [PMID: 32338593 PMCID: PMC7250574 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate appendage regeneration requires precisely coordinated remodeling of the transcriptional landscape to enable the growth and differentiation of new tissue, a process executed over multiple days and across dozens of cell types. The heterogeneity of tissues and temporally-sensitive fate decisions involved has made it difficult to articulate the gene regulatory programs enabling regeneration of individual cell types. To better understand how a regenerative program is fulfilled by neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of the spinal cord, we analyzed pax6-expressing NPCs isolated from regenerating Xenopus tropicalis tails. By intersecting chromatin accessibility data with single-cell transcriptomics, we find that NPCs place an early priority on neuronal differentiation. Late in regeneration, the priority returns to proliferation. Our analyses identify Pbx3 and Meis1 as critical regulators of tail regeneration and axon organization. Overall, we use transcriptional regulatory dynamics to present a new model for cell fate decisions and their regulators in NPCs during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lauren M Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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7
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Mahmoudian RA, Bahadori B, Rad A, Abbaszadegan MR, Forghanifard MM. MEIS1 knockdown may promote differentiation of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line KYSE-30. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00746. [PMID: 31090196 PMCID: PMC6625128 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MEIS1 (Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1), as a homeobox (HOX) transcription factor, has a dual function in different types of cancer. Although numerous roles are proposed for MEIS1 in differentiation, stem cell function, gastrointestinal development and tumorigenesis, the involved molecular mechanisms are poor understood. Our aim in this study was to elucidate the functional correlation between MEIS1, as regulator of differentiation process, and the involved genes in cell differentiation in human esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESC) cell line KYSE‐30. Methods The KYSE‐30 cells were transduced using recombinant retroviral particles containing specific shRNA sequence against MEIS1 to knockdown MEIS1 gene expression. Following RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, mRNA expression of MEIS1 and the selected genes including TWIST1, EGF, CDX2, and KRT4 was examined using relative comparative real‐time PCR. Results Retroviral transduction caused a significant underexpression of MEIS1 in GFP‐hMEIS1 compared to control GFP cells approximately 5.5‐fold. While knockdown of MEIS1 expression caused a significant decrease in EGF and TWIST1 mRNA expression, nearly ‐8‐ and ‐12‐fold respectively, it caused a significant increase in mRNA expression of differentiation markers including KRT4 and CDX2, approximately 34‐ and 1.14‐fold, correspondingly. Conclusion MEIS1 gene silencing in KYSE‐30 cells increased expression of epithelial markers and decreased expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker TWIST1. It may highlight the role of MEIS1 in differentiation process of KYSE‐30 cells. These results may confirm that MEIS1 silencing promotes differentiation and decreases EMT capability of ESC cell line KYSE‐30.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahareh Bahadori
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research center, Sabzevar Univeristy of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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8
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Vantaggiato C, Castelli M, Giovarelli M, Orso G, Bassi MT, Clementi E, De Palma C. The Fine Tuning of Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Remodeling and Autophagy Controls Neuronal Differentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:120. [PMID: 31019453 PMCID: PMC6458285 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in neuronal function and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, that show mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with excessive fission and increased levels of the fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Our data demonstrate that Drp1 regulates the transcriptional program induced by retinoic acid (RA), leading to neuronal differentiation. When Drp1 was overexpressed, mitochondria underwent remodeling but failed to elongate and this enhanced autophagy and apoptosis. When Drp1 was blocked during differentiation by overexpressing the dominant negative form or was silenced, mitochondria maintained the same elongated shape, without remodeling and this increased cell death. The enhanced apoptosis, observed with both fragmented or elongated mitochondria, was associated with increased induction of unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) processes that finally affect neuronal differentiation. These findings suggest that physiological fission and mitochondrial remodeling, associated with early autophagy induction are essential for neuronal differentiation. We thus reveal the importance of mitochondrial changes to generate viable neurons and highlight that, rather than multiple parallel events, mitochondrial changes, autophagy and apoptosis proceed in a stepwise fashion during neuronal differentiation affecting the nuclear transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marianna Castelli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lecco, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lecco, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lecco, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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9
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Mahé EA, Madigou T, Sérandour AA, Bizot M, Avner S, Chalmel F, Palierne G, Métivier R, Salbert G. Cytosine modifications modulate the chromatin architecture of transcriptional enhancers. Genome Res 2017; 27:947-958. [PMID: 28396520 PMCID: PMC5453328 DOI: 10.1101/gr.211466.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to play key roles in the establishment of cell-specific transcription programs. Accordingly, the modified bases 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) have been observed in DNA of genomic regulatory regions such as enhancers, and oxidation of 5mC into 5hmC by Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins correlates with enhancer activation. However, the functional relationship between cytosine modifications and the chromatin architecture of enhancers remains elusive. To gain insights into their function, 5mC and 5hmC levels were perturbed by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases and TETs during differentiation of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells into neural progenitors, and chromatin characteristics of enhancers bound by the pioneer transcription factors FOXA1, MEIS1, and PBX1 were interrogated. In a large fraction of the tested enhancers, inhibition of DNA methylation was associated with a significant increase in monomethylation of H3K4, a characteristic mark of enhancer priming. In addition, at some specific enhancers, 5mC oxidation by TETs facilitated chromatin opening, a process that may stabilize MEIS1 binding to these genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Mahé
- CNRS UMR6290, Equipe SP@RTE, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Madigou
- CNRS UMR6290, Equipe SP@RTE, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | | | - Maud Bizot
- CNRS UMR6290, Equipe SP@RTE, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Avner
- CNRS UMR6290, Equipe SP@RTE, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Inserm U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Gaëlle Palierne
- CNRS UMR6290, Equipe SP@RTE, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- CNRS UMR6290, Equipe SP@RTE, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Salbert
- CNRS UMR6290, Equipe SP@RTE, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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10
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Kelly GM, Gatie MI. Mechanisms Regulating Stemness and Differentiation in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3684178. [PMID: 28373885 PMCID: PMC5360977 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3684178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Just over ten years have passed since the seminal Takahashi-Yamanaka paper, and while most attention nowadays is on induced, embryonic, and cancer stem cells, much of the pioneering work arose from studies with embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) derived from teratocarcinomas. This original work was broad in scope, but eventually led the way for us to focus on the components involved in the gene regulation of stemness and differentiation. As the name implies, ECCs are malignant in nature, yet maintain the ability to differentiate into the 3 germ layers and extraembryonic tissues, as well as behave normally when reintroduced into a healthy blastocyst. Retinoic acid signaling has been thoroughly interrogated in ECCs, especially in the F9 and P19 murine cell models, and while we have touched on this aspect, this review purposely highlights how some key transcription factors regulate pluripotency and cell stemness prior to this signaling. Another major focus is on the epigenetic regulation of ECCs and stem cells, and, towards that end, this review closes on what we see as a new frontier in combating aging and human disease, namely, how cellular metabolism shapes the epigenetic landscape and hence the pluripotency of all stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Kelly
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Child Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed I. Gatie
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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11
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Wong CT, Ussyshkin N, Ahmad E, Rai-Bhogal R, Li H, Crawford DA. Prostaglandin E2promotes neural proliferation and differentiation and regulates Wnt target gene expression. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:759-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine T. Wong
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Netta Ussyshkin
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Eizaaz Ahmad
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ravneet Rai-Bhogal
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dorota A. Crawford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
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12
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Tabe S, Hikiji H, Ariyoshi W, Hashidate‐Yoshida T, Shindou H, Okinaga T, Shimizu T, Tominaga K, Nishihara T. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase 1/membrane‐bound
O
‐acyltransferase 1 regulates morphology and function of P19C6 cell‐derived neurons. FASEB J 2016; 30:2591-601. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500097r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirou Tabe
- Division of Infections and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Health PromotionKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryDepartment of Science of Physical FunctionsKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Hisako Hikiji
- Department of Oral Functional ManagementKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Health PromotionKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Tomomi Hashidate‐Yoshida
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Agency for Medical Research and Development‐Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (AMED‐CREST)TokyoJapan
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- Division of Infections and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Health PromotionKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of LipidomicsGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Tominaga
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryDepartment of Science of Physical FunctionsKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Health PromotionKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
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13
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Kawasaki Y, Yokobayashi E, Sakamoto K, Tenma E, Takaki H, Chiba Y, Otashiro T, Ishihara M, Yonezawa S, Sugiyama A, Natori Y. Angiostatin prevents IL-1β-induced down-regulation of eNOS expression by inhibiting the NF-κB cascade. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:200-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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14
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Predicting the molecular role of MEIS1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1715-25. [PMID: 26314854 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The three amino acid loop extension (TALE) class myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 (MEIS1) homeobox gene is known to play a crucial role in normal and tumor development. In contrast with its well-described cancer stemness properties in hematopoietic cancers, little is known about its role in solid tumors like esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we analyzed MEIS1 expression and its clinical relevance in ESCC patients and also investigated its correlation with the SOX2 self-renewal master transcription factor in the ESCC samples and in the KYSE-30 ESCC cell line. MEIS1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased in ESCC disease (P < 0.05). The inverse correlation between MEIS1 mRNA expression and tumor cell metastasis to the lymph nodes (P = 0.004) was significant. Also, MEIS1 protein levels inversely correlated to lymph node involvement (P = 0.048) and high tumor stage (stages III/IV, P = 0.030). The low levels of DNA methylation in the MEIS1 promoter showed that this suppression does not depend on methylation. We showed that downregulation of EZH2 restored MEIS1 expression significantly. Also, we investigated that MEIS1 downregulation is concomitant with increased SOX2 expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the MEIS1 gene in ESCC. The inverse correlation of MEIS1 with metastasis, tumor staging, and the role of EZH2 in methylation, together with its correlation with stemness factor SOX2 expression, led us to predict cancer stemness properties for MEIS1 in ESCC.
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15
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Gallegos-Cárdenas A, Webb R, Jordan E, West R, West FD, Yang JY, Wang K, Stice SL. Pig Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Rosettes Developmentally Mimic Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Neural Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1901-11. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Gallegos-Cárdenas
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Girona, Perú
| | - Robin Webb
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Erin Jordan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Rachel West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Franklin D. West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kai Wang
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Steven L. Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
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16
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Urban S, Kobi D, Ennen M, Langer D, Le Gras S, Ye T, Davidson I. A Brn2-Zic1 axis specifies the neuronal fate of retinoic-acid-treated embryonic stem cells. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2303-18. [PMID: 25991548 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.168849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) treated with all-trans retinoic acid differentiate into a homogenous population of glutamatergic neurons. Although differentiation is initiated through activation of target genes by the retinoic acid receptors, the downstream transcription factors specifying neuronal fate are less well characterised. Here, we show that the transcription factor Brn2 (also known as Pou3f2) is essential for the neuronal differentiation programme. By integrating results from RNA-seq following Brn2 silencing with results from Brn2 ChIP-seq, we identify a set of Brn2 target genes required for the neurogenic programme. Further integration of Brn2 ChIP-seq data from retinoic-acid-treated ESCs and P19 cells with data from ESCs differentiated into neuronal precursors by Fgf2 treatment and that from fibroblasts trans-differentiated into neurons by ectopic Brn2 expression showed that Brn2 occupied a distinct but overlapping set of genomic loci in these differing conditions. However, a set of common binding sites and target genes defined the core of the Brn2-regulated neuronal programme, among which was that encoding the transcription factor Zic1. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated silencing of Zic1 prevented ESCs from differentiating into neuronal precursors, thus defining a hierarchical Brn2-Zic1 axis that is essential to specify neural fate in retinoic-acid-treated ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Urban
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, Cédex 67404, France
| | - Dominique Kobi
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, Cédex 67404, France
| | - Marie Ennen
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, Cédex 67404, France
| | - Diana Langer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, Cédex 67404, France
| | - Stéphanie Le Gras
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, Cédex 67404, France
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, Cédex 67404, France
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, Cédex 67404, France Equipe Labellisée of the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, Cédex 67404, France
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17
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Jiang J, Wang N, Jiang Y, Tan H, Zheng J, Chen G, Jia Z. Characterization of substrate binding of the WW domains in human WWP2 protein. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1935-42. [PMID: 25999310 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
WW domains harbor substrates containing proline-rich motifs, but the substrate specificity and binding mechanism remain elusive for those WW domains less amenable for structural studies, such as human WWP2 (hWWP2). Herein we have employed multiple techniques to investigate the second WW domain (WW2) in hWWP2. Our results show that hWWP2 is a specialized E3 for PPxY motif-containing substrates only and does not recognize other amino acids and phospho-residues. The strongest binding affinity of WW2, and the incompatibility between each WW domain, imply a novel relationship, and our SPR experiment reveals a dynamic binding mode in Class-I WW domains for the first time. The results from alanine-scanning mutagenesis and modeling further point to functionally conserved residues in WW2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jimin Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangju Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongchao Jia
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Chen C, Meng F, Wan H, Zhou Q. [Interaction between microRNAs and OCT4]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 18:55-8. [PMID: 25603874 PMCID: PMC5999741 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OCT4基因是POU转录因子家族中的一员,它能与含八聚体基序(ATGCAAAT)的DNA结合。OCT4是一个关键的转录因子,在未分化胚胎干细胞中参与维持多能性和自我更新性,在许多种癌症包括肺癌、生殖细胞肿瘤、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、肝癌和卵巢癌中过表达。MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一种小的非编码RNA,通过和靶基因mRNA碱基配对来调控mRNA表达,降解mRNA或阻碍蛋白合成。一些miRNAs被证实在癌细胞中调控干细胞因子如OCT4、NANOG、SOX2和KLF4,进而调控癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、分化、抗药性和免疫性。
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Haisu Wan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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19
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Yu P, McKinney EC, Kandasamy MM, Albert AL, Meagher RB. Characterization of brain cell nuclei with decondensed chromatin. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:738-56. [PMID: 25369517 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although multipotent cell types have enlarged nuclei with decondensed chromatin, this property has not been exploited to enhance the characterization of neural progenitor cell (NPC) populations in the brain. We found that mouse brain cell nuclei that expressed exceptionally high levels of the pan neuronal marker NeuN/FOX3 (NeuN-High) had decondensed chromatin relative to most NeuN-Low or NeuN-Neg (negative) nuclei. Purified NeuN-High nuclei expressed significantly higher levels of transcripts encoding markers of neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, and learning and memory (ARC, BDNF, ERG1, HOMER1, NFL/NEF1, SYT1), subunits of chromatin modifying machinery (SIRT1, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC11, KAT2B, KAT3A, KAT3B, KAT5, DMNT1, DNMT3A, Gadd45a, Gadd45b) and markers of NPC and cell cycle activity (BRN2, FOXG1, KLF4, c-MYC, OCT4, PCNA, SHH, SOX2) relative to neuronal NeuN-Low or to mostly non-neuronal NeuN-Neg nuclei. NeuN-High nuclei expressed higher levels of HDAC1, 2, 4, and 5 proteins. The cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and nucleus accumbens contained high percentages of large decondensed NeuN-High nuclei, while the cerebellum, and pons contained very few. NeuN-High nuclei have the properties consistent with their being derived from extremely active neurons with elevated rates of chromatin modification and/or NPC-like cells with multilineage developmental potential. The further analysis of decondensed neural cell nuclei should provide novel insights into neurobiology and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Davison Life Sciences Building, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Elizabeth C McKinney
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Davison Life Sciences Building, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Muthugapatti M Kandasamy
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Davison Life Sciences Building, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | | | - Richard B Meagher
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Davison Life Sciences Building, Athens, Georgia, 30602
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20
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Busch AM, Galimberti F, Nehls KE, Roengvoraphoj M, Sekula D, Li B, Guo Y, Direnzo J, Fiering SN, Spinella MJ, Robbins DJ, Memoli VA, Freemantle SJ, Dmitrovsky E. All-trans-retinoic acid antagonizes the Hedgehog pathway by inducing patched. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:463-72. [PMID: 24496080 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.27821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Male germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a model for a curable solid tumor. GCTs can differentiate into mature teratomas. Embryonal carcinomas (ECs) represent the stem cell compartment of GCTs and are the malignant counterpart to embryonic stem (ES) cells. GCTs and EC cells are useful to investigate differentiation therapy and chemotherapy response. This study explored mechanistic interactions between all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), which induces differentiation of EC and ES cells, and the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, a regulator of self-renewal and proliferation. RA was found to induce mRNA and protein expression of Patched 1 (Ptch1), the Hh ligand receptor and negative regulator of this pathway. PTCH1 is also a target gene of Hh signaling through Smoothened (Smo) activation. Yet, this observed RA-mediated Ptch1 induction was independent of Smo. It occurred despite co-treatment with RA and Smo inhibitors. Retinoid induction of Ptch1 also occurred in other RA-responsive cancer cell lines and in normal ES cells. Notably, this enhanced Ptch1 expression was preceded by induction of the homeobox transcription factor Meis1, a direct RA target. Direct interaction between Meis1 and Ptch1 was confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. To establish the translational relevance of this work, Ptch1 expression was shown to be deregulated in human ECs relative to mature teratoma and the normal seminiferous tubule. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism through which RA can inhibit the Hh pathway via Ptch1 induction. Engaging this pathway is a new way to repress the Hh pathway that can be translated into the cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Busch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Fabrizio Galimberti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | | | - Monic Roengvoraphoj
- Department of Medicine; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Lebanon, NH USA
| | - David Sekula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Bin Li
- Molecular Oncology Program; Department of Surgery; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami, FL USA
| | - Yongli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - James Direnzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Steven N Fiering
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Lebanon, NH USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Department of Genetics; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Lebanon, NH USA
| | - David J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program; Department of Surgery; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami, FL USA
| | - Vincent A Memoli
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Lebanon, NH USA; Department of Pathology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Department of Medicine; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Lebanon, NH USA
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