1
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Alsharif S, Sharma P, Bursch K, Milliken R, Lam V, Fallatah A, Phan T, Collins M, Dohlman P, Tiufekchiev S, Nehmetallah G, Raub CB, Chung BM. Keratin 19 maintains E-cadherin localization at the cell surface and stabilizes cell-cell adhesion of MCF7 cells. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:1-17. [PMID: 33393839 PMCID: PMC7801129 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2020.1868694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cytoskeletal protein keratin 19 (K19) is highly expressed in breast cancer but its effects on breast cancer cell mechanics are unclear. In MCF7 cells where K19 expression is ablated,we found that K19 is required to maintain rounded epithelial-like shape and tight cell-cell adhesion. A loss of K19 also lowered cell surface E-cadherin levels. Inhibiting internalization restored cell-cell adhesion of KRT19 knockout cells, suggesting that E-cadherin internalization contributed to defective adhesion. Ultimately, while K19 inhibited cell migration and invasion, it was required for cells to form colonies in suspension. Our results suggest that K19 stabilizes E-cadherin complexes at the cell membrane to maintain cell-cell adhesion which inhibits cell invasiveness but provides growth and survival advantages for circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsharif
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Karina Bursch
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rachel Milliken
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Van Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Arwa Fallatah
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thuc Phan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Meagan Collins
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Priya Dohlman
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sarah Tiufekchiev
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Georges Nehmetallah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Christopher B. Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Byung Min Chung
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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2
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Meder L, Florin A, Ozretić L, Nill M, Koker M, Meemboor S, Radtke F, Diehl L, Ullrich RT, Odenthal M, Büttner R, Heukamp LC. Notch1 Deficiency Induces Tumor Cell Accumulation Inside the Bronchiolar Lumen and Increases TAZ Expression in an Autochthonous Kras LSL-G12V Driven Lung Cancer Mouse Model. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:596522. [PMID: 34257546 PMCID: PMC8262161 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.596522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Abrogation of Notch signaling, which is pivotal for lung development and pulmonary epithelial cell fate decisions was shown to be involved in the aggressiveness and the differentiation of lung carcinomas. Additionally, the transcription factors YAP and TAZ which are involved in the Hippo pathway, were recently shown to be tightly linked with Notch signaling and to regulate the cell fate in epidermal stem cells. Thus, we aim to elucidate the effects of conditional Notch1 deficiency on carcinogenesis and TAZ expression in lung cancer. Methods: We investigated the effect of conditional Cre-recombinase mediated Notch1 knock-out on lung cancer cells in vivo using an autochthonous mouse model of lung adenocarcinomas driven by Kras LSL-G12V and comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, we analyzed clinical samples and human lung cancer cell lines for TAZ expression and supported our findings by publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results: In mice, we found induction of papillary adenocarcinomas and protrusions of tumor cells from the bronchiolar lining upon Notch1 deficiency. Moreover, the mutated Kras driven lung tumors with deleted Notch1 showed increased TAZ expression and focal nuclear translocation which was frequently observed in human pulmonary adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, but not in small cell lung carcinomas. In addition, we used data from TCGA to show that putative inactivating NOTCH1 mutations co-occur with KRAS mutations and genomic amplifications in lung adenocarcinomas. Conclusion: Our in vivo study provides evidence that Notch1 deficiency in mutated Kras driven lung carcinomas contributes to lung carcinogenesis in a subgroup of patients by increasing TAZ expression who might benefit from TAZ signaling blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Meder
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florin
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luka Ozretić
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke Nill
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirjam Koker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Meemboor
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Freddy Radtke
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Linda Diehl
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland T Ullrich
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas C Heukamp
- Institute for Hematopathology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Lungen Netzwerk NOWEL, Oldenburg, Germany
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3
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Leggett SE, Hruska AM, Guo M, Wong IY. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the cytoskeleton in bioengineered systems. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:32. [PMID: 33691719 PMCID: PMC7945251 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is intrinsically linked to alterations of the intracellular cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. After EMT, cells acquire an elongated morphology with front/back polarity, which can be attributed to actin-driven protrusion formation as well as the gain of vimentin expression. Consequently, cells can deform and remodel the surrounding matrix in order to facilitate local invasion. In this review, we highlight recent bioengineering approaches to elucidate EMT and functional changes in the cytoskeleton. First, we review transitions between multicellular clusters and dispersed individuals on planar surfaces, which often exhibit coordinated behaviors driven by leader cells and EMT. Second, we consider the functional role of vimentin, which can be probed at subcellular length scales and within confined spaces. Third, we discuss the role of topographical patterning and EMT via a contact guidance like mechanism. Finally, we address how multicellular clusters disorganize and disseminate in 3D matrix. These new technologies enable controlled physical microenvironments and higher-resolution spatiotemporal measurements of EMT at the single cell level. In closing, we consider future directions for the field and outstanding questions regarding EMT and the cytoskeleton for human cancer progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Leggett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, William St, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Alex M Hruska
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, and Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, 184 Hope St Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ian Y Wong
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, and Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, 184 Hope St Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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4
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Choi BH, Kou Z, Colon TM, Chen CH, Chen Y, Dai W. Identification of Radil as a Ras binding partner and putative activator. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100314. [PMID: 33482197 PMCID: PMC7949112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras genes are among the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human malignancies. To date, there are no successful anticancer drugs in the clinic that target Ras proteins or their pathways. Therefore, it is imperative to identify and characterize new components that regulate Ras activity or mediate its downstream signaling. To this end, we used a combination of affinity-pulldown and mass spectrometry to search for proteins that are physically associated with KRas. One of the top hits was Radil, a gene product with a Ras-association domain. Radil is known to be a downstream effector of Rap1, inhibiting RhoA signaling to regulate cell adhesion and migration. We demonstrate that Radil interacted with all three isoforms of Ras including HRas, NRas, and KRas, although it exhibited the strongest interaction with KRas. Moreover, Radil interacts with GTP-bound Ras more efficiently, suggesting a possibility that Radil may be involved in Ras activation. Supporting this, ectopic expression of Radil led to transient activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Radil knockdown resulted in weakened activation of Ras downstream signaling components, which was coupled with decreased cell proliferation and invasion, and reduced expression of mesenchymal cell markers. Moreover, Radil knockdown greatly reduced the number of adhesion foci and depolymerized actin filaments, molecular processes that facilitate cancer cell migration. Taken together, our present studies strongly suggest that Radil is an important player for regulating Ras signaling, cell adhesion, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and may provide new directions for Ras-related anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hyeok Choi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ziyue Kou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tania Marlyn Colon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chih-Hong Chen
- Department of Surgery and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
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5
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Lingzhi Z, Meirong L, Xiaobing F. Biological approaches for hypertrophic scars. Int Wound J 2019; 17:405-418. [PMID: 31860941 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation is usually the pathological consequence of skin trauma. And hypertrophic scars (HSs) frequently occur in people after being injured deeply. HSs are unusually considered as the result of tissue contraction and excessive extracellular matrix component deposition. Myofibroblasts, as the effector cells, mainly differentiated from fibroblasts, play the crucial role in the pathophysiology of HSs. A number of growth factors, inflammatory cytokines involved in the process of HS occurrence. Currently, with in-depth exploration and clinical research of HSs, various creative and effective treatments budded. In here, we summarize the progress in the molecular mechanism of HSs, and review the available biotherapeutic methods for their pathophysiological characteristics. Additionally, we further prospected that the comprehensive therapy may be more suitable for HS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Lingzhi
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Meirong
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya, China
| | - Fu Xiaobing
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Dmello C, Srivastava SS, Tiwari R, Chaudhari PR, Sawant S, Vaidya MM. Multifaceted role of keratins in epithelial cell differentiation and transformation. J Biosci 2019; 44:33. [PMID: 31180046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Keratins, the epithelial-predominant members of the intermediate filament superfamily, are expressed in a pairwise, tissuespecific and differentiation-dependent manner. There are 28 type I and 26 type II keratins, which share a common structure comprising a central coiled coil α-helical rod domain flanked by two nonhelical head and tail domains. These domains harbor sites for major posttranslational modifications like phosphorylation and glycosylation, which govern keratin function and dynamics. Apart from providing structural support, keratins regulate various signaling machinery involved in cell growth, motility, apoptosis etc. However, tissue-specific functions of keratins in relation to cell proliferation and differentiation are still emerging. Altered keratin expression pattern during and after malignant transformation is reported to modulate different signaling pathways involved in tumor progression in a context-dependent fashion. The current review focuses on the literature related to the role of keratins in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation in different types of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crismita Dmello
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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7
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Yuan F, Sun Z, Feng Y, Liu S, Du Y, Yu S, Yang M, Lv G. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21662-21669. [PMID: 31106425 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Zi‐Li Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yi Feng
- Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Si‐Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Ming‐Lie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Guo‐Zhong Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi Jiangsu China
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8
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Dmello C, Srivastava SS, Tiwari R, Chaudhari PR, Sawant S, Vaidya MM. Multifaceted role of keratins in epithelial cell differentiation and transformation. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Macheleidt IF, Dalvi PS, Lim SY, Meemboor S, Meder L, Käsgen O, Müller M, Kleemann K, Wang L, Nürnberg P, Rüsseler V, Schäfer SC, Mahabir E, Büttner R, Odenthal M. Preclinical studies reveal that LSD1 inhibition results in tumor growth arrest in lung adenocarcinoma independently of driver mutations. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1965-1979. [PMID: 30220105 PMCID: PMC6210049 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the development of novel targeted and immune therapies, the 5-year survival rate is still only 21%, indicating the need for more efficient treatment regimens. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an epigenetic eraser that modifies histone 3 methylation status, and is highly overexpressed in LUAD. Using representative human cell culture systems and two autochthonous transgenic mouse models, we investigated inhibition of LSD1 as a novel therapeutic option for treating LUAD. The reversible LSD1 inhibitor HCI-2509 significantly reduced cell growth with an IC50 of 0.3-5 μmin vitro, which was linked to an enhancement of histone 3 lysine methylation. Most importantly, growth arrest, as well as inhibition of the invasion capacities, was independent of the underlying driver mutations. Subsequent expression profiling revealed that the cell cycle and replication machinery were prominently affected after LSD1 inhibition. In addition, our data provide evidence that LSD1 blockade significantly interferes with EGFR downstream signaling. Finally, our in vitro results were confirmed by preclinical therapeutic approaches, including the use of two autochthonous transgenic LUAD mouse models driven by either EGFR or KRAS mutations. Importantly, LSD1 inhibition resulted in significantly lower tumor formation and a strong reduction in tumor progression, which were independent of the underlying mutational background of the mouse models. Hence, our findings provide substantial evidence indicating that tumor growth of LUAD can be markedly decreased by HCI-2509 treatment, suggesting its use as a single agent maintenance therapy or combined therapeutical application in novel concerted drug approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris F Macheleidt
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Priya S Dalvi
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - So-Young Lim
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Meemboor
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lydia Meder
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Olivia Käsgen
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Marion Müller
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Karolin Kleemann
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Vanessa Rüsseler
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan C Schäfer
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrative Oncology, University Clinic of Cologne and Bonn, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrative Oncology, University Clinic of Cologne and Bonn, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
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10
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Zhang H, Yang W, Yan J, Zhou K, Wan B, Shi P, Chen Y, He S, Li D. Loss of profilin 2 contributes to enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1118-1128. [PMID: 30015842 PMCID: PMC6065425 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin 2 (PFN2) functions as an actin cytoskeleton regulator and serves an important role in cell motility. However, a role for PFN2 in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly in metastasis, has yet to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PFN2 served specific roles in the progression of human CRC. The results demonstrated that PFN2 was differentially expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. PFN2 expression was also negatively associated with the degree of tumor metastasis. Low PFN2 expression in CRC cells was related with enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and, in turn, may increase migratory capabilities. Overexpression of PFN2 in CRC cell lines with a low level of endogenous PFN2 inhibited the EMT process, as well as the associated migration; in addition, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation was upregulated. Inhibition of MLC phosphorylation attenuated the inhibition of EMT and cell migratory abilities induced by PFN2 overexpression in CRC cell lines, the results suggested that PFN2 may suppress cancer EMT and the subsequent metastasis by regulating cytoskeletal reorganization. These results demonstrated that PFN2 may serve a suppressive role in the metastasis of CRC and therefore may provide a new potential target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Weiqiang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Kaiping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Peidong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Yueyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Dechun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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11
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Meder L, König K, Dietlein F, Macheleidt I, Florin A, Ercanoglu MS, Rommerscheidt-Fuss U, Koker M, Schön G, Odenthal M, Klein F, Büttner R, Schulte JH, Heukamp LC, Ullrich RT. LIN28B enhanced tumorigenesis in an autochthonous KRAS G12V-driven lung carcinoma mouse model. Oncogene 2018; 37:2746-2756. [PMID: 29503447 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
LIN28B is a RNA-binding protein regulating predominantly let-7 microRNAs with essential functions in inflammation, wound healing, embryonic stem cells, and cancer. LIN28B expression is associated with tumor initiation, progression, resistance, and poor outcome in several solid cancers, including lung cancer. However, the functional role of LIN28B, especially in non-small cell lung adenocarcinomas, remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of LIN28B expression on lung tumorigenesis using LIN28B transgenic overexpression in an autochthonous KRASG12V-driven mouse model. We found that LIN28B overexpression significantly increased the number of CD44+/CD326+ tumor cells, upregulated VEGF-A and miR-21 and promoted tumor angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by enhanced AKT phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of c-MYC. Moreover, LIN28B accelerated tumor initiation and enhanced proliferation which led to a shortened overall survival. In addition, we analyzed lung adenocarcinomas of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found LIN28B expression in 24% of KRAS-mutated cases, which underscore the relevance of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Meder
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Katharina König
- Labor Dr. Quade und Kollegen GmbH, Aachener Straße 338, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Felix Dietlein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Faber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Havard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Iris Macheleidt
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florin
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Meryem S Ercanoglu
- Institute of Virology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | | | - Mirjam Koker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Gisela Schön
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Berlin), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas C Heukamp
- New Oncology, Gottfried-Hagen-Straße 20, 51105, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Hematopathology Hamburg, Fangdieckstraße 75a, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland T Ullrich
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
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12
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Li Q, Yin L, Jones LW, Chu GCY, Wu JBY, Huang JM, Li Q, You S, Kim J, Lu YT, Mrdenovic S, Wang R, Freeman MR, Garraway I, Lewis MS, Chung LWK, Zhau HE. Keratin 13 expression reprograms bone and brain metastases of human prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84645-84657. [PMID: 27835867 PMCID: PMC5356688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lethal progression of prostate cancer metastasis can be improved by developing animal models that recapitulate the clinical conditions. We report here that cytokeratin 13 (KRT13), an intermediate filament protein, plays a directive role in prostate cancer bone, brain, and soft tissue metastases. KRT13 expression was elevated in bone, brain, and soft tissue metastatic prostate cancer cell lines and in primary and metastatic clinical prostate, lung, and breast cancer specimens. When KRT13 expression was determined at a single cell level in primary tumor tissues of 44 prostate cancer cases, KRT13 level predicted bone metastasis and the overall survival of prostate cancer patients. Genetically enforced KRT13 expression in human prostate cancer cell lines drove metastases toward mouse bone, brain and soft tissues through a RANKL-independent mechanism, as KRT13 altered the expression of genes associated with EMT, stemness, neuroendocrine/neuromimicry, osteomimicry, development, and extracellular matrices, but not receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling networks in prostate cancer cells. Our results suggest new inhibitors targeting RANKL-independent pathways should be developed for the treatment of prostate cancer bone and soft tissue metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Li
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Current address: Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence W Jones
- Urological Research, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Gina C-Y Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason B-Y Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jen-Ming Huang
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Quanlin Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Tsung Lu
- John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan Mrdenovic
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isla Garraway
- Department of Urology and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Division of Urology, Greater Los Angeles Veteran's Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Lewis
- Sepulveda Research Corporation VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Messaritakis I, Kotsakis A, Georgoulias V. Association of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition circulating tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) molecular subgroups. J Thorac Dis 2018; 9:4817-4820. [PMID: 29312665 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Messaritakis
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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14
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Lindsay C, Faugeroux V, Michiels S, Pailler E, Facchinetti F, Ou D, Bluthgen M, Pannet C, Ngo-Camus M, Bescher G, Caramella C, Billiot F, Remon J, Planchard D, Soria JC, Besse B, Farace F. A prospective examination of circulating tumor cell profiles in non-small-cell lung cancer molecular subgroups. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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15
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Implementation of Amplicon Parallel Sequencing Leads to Improvement of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lung Cancer Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 10:1049-57. [PMID: 26102443 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Network Genomic Medicine Lung Cancer was set up to rapidly translate scientific advances into early clinical trials of targeted therapies in lung cancer performing molecular analyses of more than 3500 patients annually. Because sequential analysis of the relevant driver mutations on fixated samples is challenging in terms of workload, tissue availability, and cost, we established multiplex parallel sequencing in routine diagnostics. The aim was to analyze all therapeutically relevant mutations in lung cancer samples in a high-throughput fashion while significantly reducing turnaround time and amount of input DNA compared with conventional dideoxy sequencing of single polymerase chain reaction amplicons. METHODS In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a 102 amplicon multiplex polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing on an Illumina sequencer on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue in routine diagnostics. Analysis of a validation cohort of 180 samples showed this approach to require significantly less input material and to be more reliable, robust, and cost-effective than conventional dideoxy sequencing. Subsequently, 2657 lung cancer patients were analyzed. RESULTS We observed that comprehensive biomarker testing provided novel information in addition to histological diagnosis and clinical staging. In 2657 consecutively analyzed lung cancer samples, we identified driver mutations at the expected prevalence. Furthermore we found potentially targetable DDR2 mutations at a frequency of 3% in both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. CONCLUSION Overall, our data demonstrate the utility of systematic sequencing analysis in a clinical routine setting and highlight the dramatic impact of such an approach on the availability of therapeutic strategies for the targeted treatment of individual cancer patients.
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16
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17
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Nalluri SM, O'Connor JW, Gomez EW. Cytoskeletal signaling in TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:557-69. [PMID: 26543012 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process that plays an important role in embryonic development and wound healing and is appropriated during pathological conditions including fibrosis and cancer metastasis. EMT can be initiated by a variety of factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and is characterized by loss of epithelial features including cell-cell contacts and apicobasal polarity and acquisition of a motile, mesenchymal phenotype. A key feature of EMT is reorganization of the cytoskeleton and recent studies have elucidated regulation mechanisms governing this process. This review describes changes in gene expression patterns of cytoskeletal associated proteins during TGFβ-induced EMT. It further reports TGFβ-induced intracellular signaling cascades that regulate cytoskeletal reorganization during EMT. Finally, it highlights how changes in cytoskeletal architecture during EMT can regulate gene expression, thus further promoting EMT progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep M Nalluri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Joseph W O'Connor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Esther W Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
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18
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Meder L, König K, Fassunke J, Ozretić L, Wolf J, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Heukamp LC, Buettner R. Implementing amplicon-based next generation sequencing in the diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma metastases. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:682-6. [PMID: 26546837 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is the most aggressive entity of lung cancer. Rapid cancer progression and early formation of systemic metastases drive the deadly outcome of SCLC. Recent advances in identifying oncogenes by cancer whole genome sequencing improved the understanding of SCLC carcinogenesis. However, tumor material is often limited in the clinic. Thus, it is a compulsive issue to improve SCLC diagnostics by combining established immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing. We implemented amplicon-based next generation deep sequencing in our routine diagnostics pipeline to analyze RB1, TP53, EP300 and CREBBP, frequently mutated in SCLC. Thereby, our pipeline combined routine SCLC histology and identification of somatic mutations. We comprehensively analyzed fifty randomly collected SCLC metastases isolated from trachea and lymph nodes in comparison to specimens derived from primary SCLC. SCLC lymph node metastases showed enhanced proliferation and frequently a collapsed keratin cytoskeleton compared to SCLC metastases isolated from trachea. We identified characteristic synchronous mutations in RB1 and TP53 and non-synchronous CREBBP and EP300 mutations. Our data showed the benefit of implementing deep sequencing into routine diagnostics. We here identify oncogenic drivers and simultaneously gain further insights into SCLC tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Meder
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina König
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Labor Dr. Quade und Kollegen GmbH, Aachener Straße 338, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jana Fassunke
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luka Ozretić
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Clinic for Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas C Heukamp
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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19
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Meder L, König K, Ozretić L, Schultheis AM, Ueckeroth F, Ade CP, Albus K, Boehm D, Rommerscheidt-Fuss U, Florin A, Buhl T, Hartmann W, Wolf J, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Eilers M, Perner S, Heukamp LC, Buettner R. NOTCH, ASCL1, p53 and RB alterations define an alternative pathway driving neuroendocrine and small cell lung carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:927-38. [PMID: 26340530 PMCID: PMC4832386 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and extrapulmonary small cell cancers (SCCs) are very aggressive tumors arising de novo as primary small cell cancer with characteristic genetic lesions in RB1 and TP53. Based on murine models, neuroendocrine stem cells of the terminal bronchioli have been postulated as the cellular origin of primary SCLC. However, both in lung and many other organs, combined small cell/non‐small cell tumors and secondary transitions from non‐small cell carcinomas upon cancer therapy to neuroendocrine and small cell tumors occur. We define features of “small cell‐ness” based on neuroendocrine markers, characteristic RB1 and TP53 mutations and small cell morphology. Furthermore, here we identify a pathway driving the pathogenesis of secondary SCLC involving inactivating NOTCH mutations, activation of the NOTCH target ASCL1 and canonical WNT‐signaling in the context of mutual bi‐allelic RB1 and TP53 lesions. Additionaly, we explored ASCL1 dependent RB inactivation by phosphorylation, which is reversible by CDK5 inhibition. We experimentally verify the NOTCH‐ASCL1‐RB‐p53 signaling axis in vitro and validate its activation by genetic alterations in vivo. We analyzed clinical tumor samples including SCLC, SCC and pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and adenocarcinomas using amplicon‐based Next Generation Sequencing, immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In conclusion, we identified a novel pathway underlying rare secondary SCLC which may drive small cell carcinomas in organs other than lung, as well. What's new? Using next generation sequencing and establishing features of ‘small cell‐ness’, we identified a NOTCH‐ASCL1‐RB1‐TP53 signaling axis driving small cell cancers. In contrast to the previously described bi‐allelic RB1/TP53 loss in neuroendocrine stem cells as origin of primary small cell neuroendocrine cancers, the NOTCH‐ASCL1 mediated signaling defines an alternative pathway driving secondary small cell neuroendocrine cancers arising from non‐small cell cancers. Moreover, we show a preclinical rational for therapeutically testing WNT‐inhibitors in small cell cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Meder
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Katharina König
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Luka Ozretić
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Anne M Schultheis
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Frank Ueckeroth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Carsten P Ade
- Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Kerstin Albus
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Diana Boehm
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, Bonn, 53105, Germany
| | - Ursula Rommerscheidt-Fuss
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florin
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Theresa Buhl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Clinic for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Lukas C Heukamp
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
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20
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Regulation of keratin network organization. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 32:56-64. [PMID: 25594948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Keratins form the major intermediate filament cytoskeleton of epithelia and are assembled from heterodimers of 28 type I and 26 type II keratins in cell- and differentiation-dependent patterns. By virtue of their primary sequence composition, interactions with cell adhesion complexes and components of major signaling cascades, keratins act as targets and effectors of mechanical force and chemical signals to determine cell mechanics, epithelial cohesion and modulate signaling in keratin isotype-specific manners. Therefore, cell-specific keratin expression and organization impact on cell growth, migration and invasion. Here, we review the recent literature, focusing on the question how keratin networks are regulated and how the interplay of keratins with adhesion complexes affects these processes and provides a framework to understand keratins contribution to blistering and inflammatory disorders and to tumor metastasis.
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21
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Guo ZM, Li W, Zhao XH. Purine-rich element binding protein alpha promotes invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma KYSE 510 cells by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5579-5586. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i36.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of purine-rich element binding protein alpha (PURα) in the invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) KYSE 510 cells and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: An ESCC cell line overexpressing PURα (KYSE 510-PURα) was established, and the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated proteins were determined by comparing with control cells transfected with an empty vector of pCMV6 (KYSE 510-pCMV6). The expression of E-cadherin and vimentin was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. The capabilities of invasion and migration of cancer cells were assessed via transwell and wound healing assays.
RESULTS: PURα was overexpressed in KYSE 510 cells transfected with the pCMV6- PURα vector. The expression of E-cadherin was reduced, and that of Vimentin, N-cadherin and Snail was increased in KYSE 510-PURα cells. Most strikingly, the cell morphology was changed as fibroblasts and the abilities of migration and invasion were altered.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that regulation of PURα expression in ESCC cells may induce esophageal epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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22
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Chen ZS, Ling DJ, Zhang YD, Feng JX, Zhang XY, Shi TS. Octamer-binding protein 4 affects the cell biology and phenotypic transition of lung cancer cells involving β-catenin/E-cadherin complex degradation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1851-8. [PMID: 25420671 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have reported evidence for the involvement of octamer‑binding protein 4 (Oct4) in the tumorigenicity and progression of lung cancer; however, the role of Oct4 in lung cancer cell biology in vitro and its mechanism of action remain to be elucidated. Mortality among lung cancer patients is more frequently due to metastasis rather than their primary tumors. Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a prominent biological event for the induction of epithelial cancer metastasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Oct4 had the capacity to induce lung cancer cell metastasis via the promoting the EMT in vitro. Moreover, the effect of Oct4 on the β‑catenin/E‑cadherin complex, associated with EMT, was examined using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays as well as western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that Oct4 enhanced cell invasion and adhesion accompanied by the downregulation of epithelial marker cytokeratin, and upregulation of the mesenchymal markers vimentin and N‑cadherin. Furthermore, Oct4 induced EMT of lung cancer cells by promoting β‑catenin/E‑cadherin complex degradation and regulating nuclear localization of β‑catenin. In conclusion, the present study indicated that Oct4 affected the cell biology of lung cancer cells in vitro through promoting lung cancer cell metastasis via EMT; in addition, the results suggested that the association and degradation of the β‑catenin/E‑cadherin complex was regulated by Oct4 during the process of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Shu Chen
- Ministry of Health Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Jin Ling
- Ministry of Health Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yang-De Zhang
- Ministry of Health Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xiong Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Chest Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Chest Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Sheng Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Chest Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Murmann T, Carrillo-García C, Veit N, Courts C, Glassmann A, Janzen V, Madea B, Reinartz M, Harzen A, Nowak M, Perner S, Winter J, Probstmeier R. Staurosporine and extracellular matrix proteins mediate the conversion of small cell lung carcinoma cells into a neuron-like phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86910. [PMID: 24586258 PMCID: PMC3938400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) represent highly aggressive tumors with an overall five-year survival rate in the range of 5 to 10%. Here, we show that four out of five SCLC cell lines reversibly develop a neuron-like phenotype on extracellular matrix constituents such as fibronectin, laminin or thrombospondin upon staurosporine treatment in an RGD/integrin-mediated manner. Neurite-like processes extend rapidly with an average speed of 10 µm per hour. Depending on the cell line, staurosporine treatment affects either cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase or induction of polyploidy. Neuron-like conversion, although not accompanied by alterations in the expression pattern of a panel of neuroendocrine genes, leads to changes in protein expression as determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. It is likely that SCLC cells already harbour the complete molecular repertoire to convert into a neuron-like phenotype. More extensive studies are needed to evaluate whether the conversion potential of SCLC cells is suitable for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Murmann
- Neuro- and Tumor Cell Biology Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Veit
- Neuro- and Tumor Cell Biology Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Viktor Janzen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Burkhard Madea
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Reinartz
- Oral Cell Biology Group, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Proteomics Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Nowak
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Oral Cell Biology Group, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Probstmeier
- Neuro- and Tumor Cell Biology Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Downregulation of keratin 76 expression during oral carcinogenesis of human, hamster and mouse. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70688. [PMID: 23936238 PMCID: PMC3728316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Keratins are structural marker proteins with tissue specific expression; however, recent reports indicate their involvement in cancer progression. Previous study from our lab revealed deregulation of many genes related to structural molecular integrity including KRT76. Here we evaluate the role of KRT76 downregulation in oral precancer and cancer development. Methods We evaluated KRT76 expression by qRT-PCR in normal and tumor tissues of the oral cavity. We also analyzed K76 expression by immunohistochemistry in normal, oral precancerous lesion (OPL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in hamster model of oral carcinogenesis. Further, functional implication of KRT76 loss was confirmed using KRT76-knockout (KO) mice. Results We observed a strong association of reduced K76 expression with increased risk of OPL and OSCC development. The buccal epithelium of DMBA treated hamsters showed a similar trend. Oral cavity of KRT76-KO mice showed preneoplastic changes in the gingivobuccal epithelium while no pathological changes were observed in KRT76 negative tissues such as tongue. Conclusion The present study demonstrates loss of KRT76 in oral carcinogenesis. The KRT76-KO mice data underlines the potential of KRT76 being an early event although this loss is not sufficient to drive the development of oral cancers. Thus, future studies to investigate the contributing role of KRT76 in light of other tumor driving events are warranted.
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