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Milhem F, Hamilton LM, Skates E, Wilson M, Johanningsmeier SD, Komarnytsky S. Biomarkers of Metabolic Adaptation to High Dietary Fats in a Mouse Model of Obesity Resistance. Metabolites 2024; 14:69. [PMID: 38276304 PMCID: PMC10819356 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-resistant (non-responder, NR) phenotypes that exhibit reduced susceptibility to developing obesity despite being exposed to high dietary fat are crucial in exploring the metabolic responses that protect against obesity. Although several efforts have been made to study them in mice and humans, the individual protective mechanisms are poorly understood. In this exploratory study, we used a polygenic C57BL/6J mouse model of diet-induced obesity to show that NR mice developed healthier fat/lean body mass ratios (0.43 ± 0.05) versus the obesity-prone (super-responder, SR) phenotypes (0.69 ± 0.07, p < 0.0001) by upregulating gene expression networks that promote the accumulation of type 2a, fast-twitch, oxidative muscle tissues. This was achieved in part by a metabolic adaptation in the form of blood glucose sparing, thus aggravating glucose tolerance. Resistance to obesity in NR mice was associated with 4.9-fold upregulated mitoferrin 1 (Slc25a37), an essential mitochondrial iron importer. SR mice also showed fecal volatile metabolite signatures of enhanced short-chain fatty acid metabolism, including increases in detrimental methyl formate and ethyl propionate, and these effects were reversed in NR mice. Continued research into obesity-resistant phenotypes can offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of obesity and metabolic health, potentially leading to more personalized and effective approaches for managing weight and related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Milhem
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, 317 Airport Road, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Leah M. Hamilton
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Emily Skates
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Mickey Wilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Area, Food Science and Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, North Carolina State University, 322 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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Zhao X, Zhu Y, Yao Q, Zhao B, Lin G, Zhang M, Guo C, Li Y. Lipidomics Investigation Reveals the Reversibility of Hepatic Injury by Silica Nanoparticles in Rats After a 6-Week Recovery Duration. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301430. [PMID: 38191992 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Given the inevitable human exposure owing to its increasing production and utilization, the comprehensive safety evaluation of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has sparked concerns. Substantial evidence indicated liver damage by inhaled SiNPs. Notwithstanding, few reports focused on the persistence or reversibility of hepatic injuries, and the intricate molecular mechanisms involved remain limited. Here, rats are intratracheally instilled with SiNPs in two regimens (a 3-month exposure and a subsequent 6-week recovery after terminating SiNPs administration) to assess the hepatic effects. Nontargeted lipidomics revealed alterations in lipid metabolites as a contributor to the hepatic response and recovery effects of SiNPs. In line with the functional analysis of differential lipid metabolites, SiNPs activated oxidative stress, and induced lipid peroxidation and lipid deposition in the liver, as evidenced by the elevated hepatic levels of ROS, MDA, TC, and TG. Of note, these indicators showed great improvements after a 6-week recovery, even returning to the control levels. According to the correlation, ROC curve, and SEM analysis, 11 lipids identified as potential regulatory molecules for ameliorating liver injury by SiNPs. Collectively, the work first revealed the reversibility of SiNP-elicited hepatotoxicity from the perspective of lipidomics and offered valuable laboratory evidence and therapeutic strategy to facilitate nanosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yawen Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bosen Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guimiao Lin
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Sztolsztener K, Dzięcioł J, Chabowski A. N-acetylcysteine acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent altering the eicosanoid profile in the development of simple steatosis and its progression to hepatitis. Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 9:386-395. [PMID: 38774197 PMCID: PMC11103808 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2023.133106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study We aimed to examine the influence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in rats with a specific focus on the eicosanoid pathway. Material and methods The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks. In the entire experiment, half of rats from both groups received intragastrically NAC solution prepared in normal saline. H + E staining was used for the histological assessment of liver tissue. The gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) technique was used for the assessment of the activity of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) pathways and arachidonic acid concentration. ELISA and multiplex immunoassay kits were applied for the measurement of eicosanoid, cytokine, and chemokine levels. The Western blot technique was applied to determine the expression of proteins involved in the inflammation pathway. Results NAC decreased hepatic n-6 PUFA activity in all examined lipid pools and decreased the hepatic content of arachidonic acid as a pro-inflammatory precursor in each lipid pool, especially in the phospholipid fraction in rats with fatty lipid disease. NAC administration abolished 5-LOX expression, leading to a decrease in the content of pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4. In rats with steatosis, NAC weakened NF-κB expression and raised Nrf-2 expression, inhibiting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Conclusions NAC treatment significantly rate-limited the progression of simple hepatic steatosis to hepatitis in a rat model of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz Dzięcioł
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Fahoum L, Belisowski S, Ghatpande N, Guttmann-Raviv N, Zhang W, Li K, Tong WH, Nyska A, Waterman M, Weisshof R, Zuckerman A, Meyron-Holtz E. Iron Regulatory Protein 1 is Required for the Propagation of Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525690. [PMID: 36789413 PMCID: PMC9928023 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex disorders. Iron accumulates in the inflamed tissue of IBD patients, yet neither a mechanism for the accumulation nor its implication on the course of inflammation are known. We hypothesized that the inflammation modifies iron homeostasis, affects tissue iron distribution and that this in turn perpetuates the inflammation. Design This study analyzed human biopsies, animal models and cellular systems to decipher the role of iron homeostasis in IBD. Results We found inflammation-mediated modifications of iron distribution, and iron-decoupled activation of the iron regulatory protein (IRP)1. To understand the role of IRP1 in the course of this inflammation-associated iron pattern, a novel cellular co-culture model was established, that replicated the iron-pattern observed in vivo, and supported involvement of nitric oxide in the activation of IRP1 and the typical iron pattern in inflammation. Importantly, deletion of IRP1 from an IBD mouse model completely abolished both, the misdistribution of iron and intestinal inflammation. Conclusion These findings suggest that IRP1 plays a central role in the coordination of the inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa and that it is a viable candidate for therapeutic intervention in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Fahoum
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion– Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - S. Belisowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion– Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - N. Ghatpande
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion– Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - N. Guttmann-Raviv
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion– Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - W. Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - K. Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - W-H. Tong
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A. Nyska
- Tel Aviv University and Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M. Waterman
- Rambam / Technion– Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - R. Weisshof
- Rambam / Technion– Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - E.G. Meyron-Holtz
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion– Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Hilton C, Sabaratnam R, Drakesmith H, Karpe F. Iron, glucose and fat metabolism and obesity: an intertwined relationship. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:554-563. [PMID: 37029208 PMCID: PMC10299911 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional relationship exists between adipose tissue metabolism and iron regulation. Total body fat, fat distribution and exercise influence iron status and components of the iron-regulatory pathway, including hepcidin and erythroferrone. Conversely, whole body and tissue iron stores associate with fat mass and distribution and glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. Manipulation of the iron-regulatory proteins erythroferrone and erythropoietin affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron accumulation and metabolism may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the relationship between iron homoeostasis and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Hilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Tateishi Y, Ichikawa R, Suzuki K, Kitahara Y, Someya Y, Tamura Y. Effect of imbalance in dietary macronutrients on blood hemoglobin levels: a cross-sectional study in young underweight Japanese women. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1121717. [PMID: 37408992 PMCID: PMC10319048 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency and underweight are common nutritional problems among young Japanese women, many of whom show unhealthy dietary patterns owing to a desire for thinness. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between iron status, nutritional status, and dietary intake among young Japanese women with underweight to identify dietary risk factors for iron deficiency. Methods Of the 159 young women (18-29 years of age) enrolled, 77 underweight and 37 normal-weight women were included in the study. They were further categorized into four groups based on quartiles of hemoglobin levels among all participants. Dietary nutrient intake was ascertained using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Blood level of hemoglobin and nutritional biomarkers such as total protein, albumin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and essential amino acids were measured. Results In underweight, the multiple comparison test showed that dietary intakes of fat, saturated fatty acid, and monosaturated fatty acid were significantly higher and carbohydrate intake was significantly lower in the group with the lowest hemoglobin level, whereas intakes of iron were the same across groups. Multivariate regression coefficients suggested that replacing fat with protein or carbohydrates increased hemoglobin levels under isocaloric conditions. Additionally, significant positive correlations were observed between hemoglobin levels and nutritional biomarkers. Conclusion Dietary iron intake did not change across different hemoglobin groups among Japanese underweight women. However, our results suggested that an imbalanced dietary macronutrient induces anabolic status and hemoglobin synthesis deterioration among them. Especially, a higher fat intake may be a risk factor for lower hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tateishi
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Ichikawa
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kitahara
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Barrios-Nolasco A, Domínguez-López A, Miliar-García A, Cornejo-Garrido J, Jaramillo-Flores ME. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC., Quercetin, and Anti-Obesity Drugs in Adipose Tissue in Wistar Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093801. [PMID: 37175211 PMCID: PMC10180162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat, which triggers a low-grade chronic inflammatory process. Currently, the search for compounds with anti-obesogenic effects that help reduce body weight, as well as associated comorbidities, continues. Among this group of compounds are plant extracts and flavonoids with a great diversity of action mechanisms associated with their beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory effects and/or as signaling molecules. In the bark of Tabebuia rosea tree, there are different classes of metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties, such as quercetin. Therefore, the present work studied the effect of the ethanolic extract of T. rosea and quercetin on the mRNA of inflammation markers in obesity compared to the drugs currently used. Total RNA was extracted from epididymal adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats treated with orlistat, phentermine, T. rosea extract, and quercetin. The rats treated with T. rosea and quercetin showed 36 and 31% reductions in body weight compared to the obese control, and they likewise inhibited pro-inflammatory molecules: Il6, Il1b, Il18, Lep, Hif1a, and Nfkb1 without modifying the expression of Socs1 and Socs3. Additionally, only T. rosea overexpressed Lipe. Both T. rosea and quercetin led to a reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, modifying signaling pathways, which led to the regulation of the obesity-inflammation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Barrios-Nolasco
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Col. La Escalera, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07320, Mexico
| | - Aarón Domínguez-López
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina (ESM), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Angel Miliar-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina (ESM), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cornejo-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Col. La Escalera, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07320, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Department de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu s/n esq. Manuel I. Stampa. Col. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
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Lv H, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhen C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Lou C, Guo H, Wei Y. Exposure to a static magnetic field attenuates hepatic damage and function abnormality in obese and diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166719. [PMID: 37116230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Static magnetic fields (SMFs) exhibit significant effect on health care. However, the effect of SMF on hepatic metabolism and function in obesity and diabetes are still unknown. Liver is not only the main site for glucolipid metabolism but also the core part for iron metabolism regulation. Dysregulations of iron metabolism and redox status are risk factors for the development of hepatic injury and affect glucolipid metabolism in obesity and diabetes. Mice of HFD-induced obesity and HFD/streptozocin-induced diabetes were exposed to a moderate-intensity SMF (0.4-0.7 T, direction: upward, 4 h/day, 8 weeks). Results showed that SMF attenuated hepatic damage by decreasing inflammation and fibrosis in obese and diabetic mice. SMF had no effects on improving glucose/insulin tolerance but regulated proteins (GLUT1 and GLUT4) and genes (G6pc, Pdk4, Gys2 and Pkl) participating in glucose metabolism with phosphorylation of Akt/AMPK/GSK3β. SMF also reduced lipid droplets accumulation through decreasing Plin2 and Plin5 and regulated lipid metabolism with elevated hepatic expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα in obese mice. In addition, SMF decreased hepatic iron deposition with lower FTH1 expression and modulated systematic iron homeostasis via BMP6-mediated regulation of hepcidin. Moreover, SMF balanced hepatic redox status with regulation on mitochondrial function and MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Finally, we found that SMF activated hepatic autophagy and enhanced lipophagy by upregulating PNPLA2 expression in obese and diabetic mice. Our results demonstrated that SMF significantly ameliorated the development of hepatic injury in obese and diabetic mice by inhibiting inflammatory level, improving glycolipid metabolism, regulating iron metabolism, balancing redox level and activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yijia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuetong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenge Lou
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunpeng Wei
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Ağagündüz D, Icer MA, Yesildemir O, Koçak T, Kocyigit E, Capasso R. The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2023; 21:240. [PMID: 37009872 PMCID: PMC10068184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types of Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids and lipid metabolism are significant metabolic modulators in T2DM and T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role in the metabolic health of the host contributes significantly to T2DM involving impaired or improved glucose and lipid metabolism. At this point, dietary lipids may affect host physiology and health via interaction with the gut microbiota. Besides, increasing evidence in the literature suggests that lipidomics as novel parameters detected with holistic analytical techniques have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, through various mechanisms of action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding of the roles of some nutrients and lipidomics in T2DM through gut microbiota interactions will help develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. However, this issue has not yet been entirely discussed in the literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on the roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in T2DM and some nutritional strategies in T2DM considering lipids- lipidomics and gut microbiota interactions are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Yesildemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Koçak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
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Bioactive Compounds as Inhibitors of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Regulation of Cellular Redox Balance and Histone Acetylation State. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050925. [PMID: 36900446 PMCID: PMC10000917 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds (BCs) are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties by regulating the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. BCs can control chronic oxidative states caused by dietary stress, i.e., alcohol, high-fat, or high-glycemic diet, and adjust the redox balance to recover physiological conditions. Unique functions of BCs to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) can resolve the redox imbalance due to the excessive generation of ROS. The ability of BCs to regulate the histone acetylation state contributes to the activation of transcription factors involved in immunity and metabolism against dietary stress. The protective properties of BCs are mainly ascribed to the roles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). As a histone deacetylase (HDAC), SIRT1 modulates the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state by mediating ROS generation, regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio, and activating NRF2 in metabolic progression. In this study, the unique functions of BCs against diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction have been considered by focusing on the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. This work may provide evidence for the development of effective therapeutic agents from BCs.
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11
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The PTP1B selective inhibitor MSI-1436 mitigates Tunicamycin-induced ER stress in human hepatocarcinoma cell line through XBP1 splicing modulation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278566. [PMID: 36649358 PMCID: PMC9844924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is considered as a key metabolic enzyme that has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance onset, and underlying cellular metabolic malfunctions, including ER stress and mitochondrial failure. In this study, effects of selective PTP1B inhibition using MSI-1436 on cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress have been assessed using an in vitro model of Tunicamycin induced ER stress in HepG2 cell line. Inhibition of PTP1B using MSI-1436 significantly increased cell viability and reduced the number of apoptotic cells as well as the expression of key apoptosis initiators and effectors. MSI-1436 further mitigated ER stress, by downregulating the expression of IRE1, ATF6 and PERK transcripts, all being key ER stress sensors. Interestingly, MSI-1436 inhibited the XBP1 splicing, and thus its UPR-associated transcriptional activity. PTP1B inhibition further enabled to restore proper mitochondrial biogenesis, by improving transmembrane potential, and diminishing intracellular ROS while restoring of endogenous antioxidant enzymes genes expression. PTP1B inhibition using MSI-1436 could improve cellular apoptosis and metabolic integrity through the mitigation of ER and mitochondrial stress signalling pathways, and excessive ROS accumulation. This strategy may be useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders including IR, NAFLD and diabetes.
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12
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Repression of the iron exporter ferroportin may contribute to hepatocyte iron overload in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101644. [PMID: 36436807 PMCID: PMC9719871 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperferremia and hyperferritinemia are observed in patients and disease models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Likewise, patients with genetic iron overload diseases develop diabetes, suggesting a tight link between iron metabolism and diabetes. The liver controls systemic iron homeostasis and is a central organ for T2DM. Here, we investigate how the control of iron metabolism in hepatocytes is affected by T2DM. METHODS Perls Prussian blue staining was applied to analyze iron distribution in liver biopsies of T2DM patients. To identify molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocyte iron accumulation we established cellular models of insulin resistance by treatment with palmitate and insulin. RESULTS We show that a subset of T2DM patients accumulates iron in hepatocytes, a finding mirrored in a hepatocyte model of insulin resistance. Iron accumulation can be explained by the repression of the iron exporter ferroportin upon palmitate and/or insulin treatment. While during palmitate treatment the activation of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin may contribute to reducing ferroportin protein levels in a cell-autonomous manner, insulin treatment decreases ferroportin transcription via the PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Repression of ferroportin at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level may contribute to iron accumulation in hepatocytes observed in a subset of patients with T2DM.
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13
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Ma C, Han L, Zhu Z, Heng Pang C, Pan G. Mineral metabolism and ferroptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115242. [PMID: 36084708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Minerals including iron, copper, zinc, and selenium, fulfil an essential role in various biochemical processes. Moreover, the identification of ferroptosis and cuproptosis further underscores the importance of intracellular mineral homeostasis. However, perturbation of minerals has been frequently reported in patients with NAFLD and related diseases. Interestingly, studies have attempted to establish an association between mineral disorders and NAFLD pathological features, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and fibrogenesis. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of mineral metabolism (i.e., absorption, utilization, and transport) and mineral interactions in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. More importantly, this review highlights potential therapeutic strategies, challenges, future directions for targeting mineral metabolism in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Ma
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Han
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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Stępniowska A, Juśkiewicz J, Tutaj K, Fotschki J, Fotschki B, Ognik K. Effect of Chromium Picolinate and Chromium Nanoparticles Added to Low- or High-Fat Diets on Chromium Biodistribution and the Blood Level of Selected Minerals in Rats. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/151750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Ameka M, Hasty AH. Paying the Iron Price: Liver Iron Homeostasis and Metabolic Disease. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3641-3663. [PMID: 35766833 PMCID: PMC10155403 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal element whose bioavailability is tightly regulated. Under normal conditions, systemic and cellular iron homeostases are synchronized for optimal function, based on the needs of each system. During metabolic dysfunction, this synchrony is lost, and markers of systemic iron homeostasis are no longer coupled to the iron status of key metabolic organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. The effects of dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome in the liver have been tied to hepatic insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. While the existence of a relationship between iron dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction has long been acknowledged, identifying correlative relationships is complicated by the prognostic reliance on systemic measures of iron homeostasis. What is lacking and perhaps more informative is an understanding of how cellular iron homeostasis changes with metabolic dysfunction. This article explores bidirectional relationships between different proteins involved in iron homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction in the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3641-3663, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Asuquo EA, Nwodo OFC, Assumpta AC, Orizu UN, Oziamara ON, Solomon OA. FTO gene expression in diet-induced obesity is downregulated by Solanum fruit supplementation. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:641-658. [PMID: 35800074 PMCID: PMC9202533 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fat Mass and Obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been shown to play an important role in developing obesity, manifesting in traits such as increased body mass index, increased waist-to-hip ratio, and the distribution of adipose tissues, which increases the susceptibility to various metabolic syndromes. In this study, we evaluated the impact of fruit-based diets of Solanum melongena (SMF) and Solanum aethiopicum fruits (SAF) on the FTO gene expression levels in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animals. Our results showed that the mRNA level of the FTO gene was downregulated in the hypothalamus, and white and brown adipose tissue following three and six weeks of treatment with SMF- and SAF-based diets in the HFD-induced obese animals. Additionally, the Solanum fruit supplementation exhibited a curative effect on obesity-associated abrasions on the white adipose tissue (WAT), hypothalamus, and liver. Our findings collectively suggest the anti-obesity potential of SMF and SAF via the downregulation of the FTO gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edeke Affiong Asuquo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | - Anosike Chioma Assumpta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Uchendu Nene Orizu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Okoro Nkwachukwu Oziamara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Odiba Arome Solomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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17
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Betaine Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Disruptionof Hepatic Lipid and Iron Homeostasis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116263. [PMID: 35682942 PMCID: PMC9180950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver, which is often associated with disrupted iron homeostasis. Betaine has been reported to be hepatoprotective, yet whether and how betaine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced disruption of hepatic lipid and iron homeostasis remains elusive. In this study, mice were fed either standard (CON) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks to establish a NAFLD model. Mice raised on HF diet were then assigned randomly to HF and HFB groups, HFB group being supplemented with 1% (w/v) of betaine in the drinking water for 13 weeks. Betaine supplementation significantly alleviated excessive hepatic lipid deposition and restored hepatic iron content. Betaine partly yet significantly reversed HFD-induced dysregulation of lipogenic genes such as PRARγ and CD36, as well as the iron-metabolic genes including FPN and HAMP that encodes hepcidin. Similar mitigation effects of betaine were observed for BMP2 and BMP6, the up-stream regulators of hepcidin expression. Betaine significantly rectified disrupted expression of methyl transfer gene, including BHMT, GNMT and DNMT1. Moreover, HFD-modified CpG methylation on the promoter of PRARγ and HAMP genes was significantly reversed by betaine supplementation. These results indicate that betaine alleviates HFD-induced disruption of hepatic lipid and iron metabolism, which is associated with modification of CpG methylation on promoter of lipogenic and iron-metabolic genes.
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18
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Prasad M, Rajagopal P, Devarajan N, Veeraraghavan VP, Palanisamy CP, Cui B, Patil S, Jayaraman S. A comprehensive review on high fat diet-induced diabetes mellitus: An epigenetic view. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109037. [PMID: 35533900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern lifestyle, genetics, nutritional overload through high-fat diet attributed prevalence and diabetes outcomes with various complications primarily due to obesity in which energy-dense diets frequently affect metabolic health. One possible issue usually associated with elevated chronic fat intake is insulin resistance, and hyperglycaemia constitutes an important function in altering the carbohydrates and lipids metabolism. Similarly, in assessing human susceptibility to weight gain and obesity, genetic variations play a central role, contributing to keen interest in identifying the possible role of epigenetics as a mediator of gene-environmental interactions influencing the production of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related concerns. Epigenetic modifications associated with the acceptance of a sedentary lifestyle and environmental stress factors in response to energy intake and expenditure imbalances complement genetic alterations and lead to the production and advancement of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Methylation of DNA, histone modifications and increases in the expression of non-coding RNAs can result in reduced transcriptional activity of key β-cell genes thus creating insulin resistance. Epigenetics contribute to changes in the expression of the underlying insulin resistance and insufficiency gene networks, along with low-grade obesity-related inflammation, increased ROS generation and DNA damage in multi organs. This review focused on epigenetic mechanisms and metabolic regulations associated with high fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Prasad
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and diagnostic (CoMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakhsi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 095, India
| | - Nalini Devarajan
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakhsi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and diagnostic (CoMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
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19
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Modulation of Dyslipidemia Markers Apo B/Apo A and Triglycerides/HDL-Cholesterol Ratios by Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091903. [PMID: 35565871 PMCID: PMC9102123 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risks cardiovascular diseases due to its associated Dyslipidemia. It is proposed that a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet positively ameliorates the MetS and reverses insulin resistance. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protecting effect of the LCHF diet on MetS-associated Dyslipidemia in an experimental animal model. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (10/group): the control group, dexamethasone-induced MetS (DEX) (250 µg/kg/day), LCHF-fed MetS group (DEX + LCHF), and High-Carbohydrate-Low-Fat-fed MetS group (DEX + HCLF). At the end of the four-week experiment, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile (LDL-C, HDL-C, Triglyceride), oxidized-LDL, and small dense-LDL using the ELISA technique were estimated. HOMA-IR, Apo B/Apo A1 ratio, and TG/HDL were calculated. Moreover, histological examination of the liver by H & E and Sudan III stain was carried out. In the DEX group, rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the HOMA-IR, atherogenic parameters, such as s-LDL, OX-LDL, Apo B/Apo A1 ratio, and TG/HDL. The LCHF diet significantly improved the parameters of Dyslipidemia (p < 0.05) by decreasing the Apo B/Apo A1 and TG/HDL-C ratios. Decreased steatosis in LCHF-fed rats compared to HCLF was also revealed. In conclusion, the LCHF diet ameliorates MetS-associated Dyslipidemia, as noted from biochemical results and histological examination.
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20
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Faradina A, Tseng SH, Tung TH, Huang SY, Lee YC, Skalny AV, Tinkov AA, Chen SH, Chuang YK, Chang JS. High-dose ferric citrate supplementation attenuates omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis via downregulating delta 5 and 6 desaturases in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Food Funct 2021; 12:11819-11828. [PMID: 34787162 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of an iron deficiency; however, a synergistic relationship between iron and lipid homeostasis was also observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pharmacological doses of iron supplementation on omega 3 (n-3) and omega 6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a normal diet or a 50% high-fat diet (HFD) without or with pharmacological doses of ferric citrate (0.25, 1, or 2 g ferric iron per kg diet) for 12 weeks, and erythrocyte profiles of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were quantitated. Ferric citrate supplementation showed dose-related effects on liver inflammation, liver iron accumulation, and increasing circulating levels of iron, erythrocyte degradation biomarkers LVV-hemorphin-7, malondialdehyde (MDA), and insulin. Obese rats supplemented with 2 g ferric iron per kg diet also had decreased levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and total n-3 PUFAs compared to rats fed a normal diet or HFD alone. A western blotting analysis revealed that iron-mediated downregulation of n-3 PUFA-converting enzymes (Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases) only occurred at high dosages (≥1 g ferric iron per kg diet). A Spearman correlation analysis showed that total liver iron and serum LVV-hemorphin-7 and MDA were negatively correlated with n-3 PUFAs and their converting enzymes (Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases) (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, obese rats that received high-dose ferric citrate supplementation (>1 g of ferric iron per kg diet) exhibited decreased n-3 PUFA levels via downregulation of expressions of Δ5 and Δ6 desaturase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Faradina
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Hui Tseng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsuan Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Seu-Hwa Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kun Chuang
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, CTSSO, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Metformin treatment reverses high fat diet- induced non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and dyslipidemia by stimulating multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101168. [PMID: 34825068 PMCID: PMC8605070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This current study investigated the effect of metformin treatment on hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NADLD) in high fat diet (HFD) fed rats. Method Wistar rats were fed with a HFD or laboratory chow diet for 8 weeks. Metformin was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Body weight, food and water intake were recorded on daily basis. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), biochemical analysis and histological examinations were conducted on plasma and tissue samples. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mRNA expression was analyzed using reverse transcription polymeric chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Metformin treatment for 8 weeks prevented HFD-induced weight gain and decreased fat deposition in HFD fed rats. Biochemical analysis revealed that metformin treatment significantly attenuated nitro-oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP), and excessive nitric oxide (NO) levels in the liver of HFD fed rats. Gene expression analysis demonestrated that metformin treatment was associated with an enhanced expression of antioxidant genes such as Nrf-2, HO-1, SOD and catalase in liver of HFD fed rats. Metformin treatment also found to modulate the expression of fat metabolizing and anti-inflammatory genes including PPAR--γ, C/EBP-α, SREBP1c, FAS, AMPK and GLUT-4. Consistent with the biochemical and gene expression data, the histopathological examination unveiled that metformin treatment attenuated inflammatory cells infiltration, steatosis, hepatocyte necrosis, collagen deposition, and fibrosis in the liver of HFD fed rats. Conclusion In conclusion, this study suggests that metformin might be effective in the prevention and treatment of HFD-induced steatosis by reducing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APOP, advanced protein oxidation product
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- ATP, Adinosine triphosphate
- AUC, area under the curve
- CAT, catalase
- FAS, Fatty acid synthase
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HF, High fat
- HSCs, Hepatic stellate cells
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- MPO, Myeloperoxidase
- Met, Metformin
- Metformin
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NO, nitric oxide
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- OGTT, Oral glucose tolerance test
- Obesity
- PBS, Phosphate buffer saline
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
- TBA, Thiobarbituric acid
- TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
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22
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An T, Liu JX, Yang XY, Lv BH, Wu YX, Jiang GJ. Supplementation of quinoa regulates glycolipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the high-fat diet-induced female obese mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:95. [PMID: 34702298 PMCID: PMC8549395 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of the quinoa diet on glycolipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in an obese mouse model. METHODS Six-week-old C57BL/6J female mice have received a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and subsequently were treated with a quinoa diet for 12 weeks. During this period, fasting blood glucose, body fat and insulin resistance were measured regularly. At the end of the experiment, mouse serum and liver tissue were collected. The differences in glucose and lipid metabolism were analyzed, and liver tissue pathological morphology, liver endoplasmic reticulum stress-related mRNA and protein levels, and serum oxidative stress levels were measured. RESULTS Quinoa diet could significantly reduce the level of blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, improve glucose tolerance, as well as improve histological changes of liver tissues in obese mice (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Besides, quinoa could improve oxidative stress indicators such as GSH, and MDA (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Furthermore, quinoa can down-regulate mRNA expression of ER stress markers eIF2α, GRP78, and CHOP in the liver of obese mice (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Quinoa supplementation can improve glycolipid metabolism, regulate ER stress, and alleviate obesity in HFD-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xian Liu
- Zhongli Science and Technology Limited Company, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Han Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Jian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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23
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Fiorito F, Irace C, Nocera FP, Piccolo M, Ferraro MG, Ciampaglia R, Tenore GC, Santamaria R, De Martino L. MG-132 interferes with iron cellular homeostasis and alters virulence of bovine herpesvirus 1. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:1-8. [PMID: 33906007 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) requires an iron-replete cell host to replicate efficiently. BoHV-1 infection provokes an increase in ferritin levels and a decrease of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR-1) expression, ultimately lowering iron pool extent. Thus, cells try to limit iron availability for virus spread. It has been demonstrated that MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, reduces BoHV-1 release. Since ferritin, the major iron storage protein in mammalian cells, undergoes proteasome-mediated degradation, herein, the influence of MG-132 on iron metabolism during BoHV-1 infection was examined. Following infection in bovine cells (MDBK), MG-132 reduced cell death and viral yield. Western blot analysis showed a significant ferritin accumulation, likely due to the inhibition of its proteasome-mediated degradation pathway. In addition, the concomitant down-regulation of TfR-1 expression, observed during infection, was counteracted by proteasome inhibitor. This trend may be explained by enhanced acidic vesicular organelles, detected by acridine orange staining, determining a reduction of intracellular pH, that promotes new synthesis of TfR-1 degraded in a recycling pathway. In addition, MG-132 influences cellular iron distribution during BoHV-1 infection, as revealed by Perls' Prussian blue staining. However, cellular iron content, evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, resulted essentially unaltered. These findings reveal that MG-132 may contribute to limit cellular iron availability for virus replication thereby enhancing cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Fiorito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paola Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Santamaria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hori S, Satake M, Kohmoto O, Takagi R, Okada K, Fukiya S, Yokota A, Ishizuka S. Primary 12α-Hydroxylated Bile Acids Lower Hepatic Iron Concentration in Rats. J Nutr 2021; 151:523-530. [PMID: 33438034 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary 12α-hydroxylated bile acids (12αOH BAs) enhance intestinal iron uptake due to their ability ex vivo to chelate iron. However, no information is available on their role in vivo, especially in the liver. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects and mechanisms of primary 12αOH BAs on hepatic iron concentration in vivo. METHODS Male Wistar King A Hokkaido male rats (WKAH/HkmSlc) rats aged 4-5 weeks were fed a control diet or a diet with cholic acid (CA; 0.5 g/kg diet), the primary 12αOH BA, for 2 weeks (Study 1) or 13 weeks (Study 2). In Study 3, rats fed the same diets were given drinking water either alone or containing vancomycin (200 mg/L) for 6 weeks. The variables measured included food intake (Studies 1-3), bile acid profiles (Studies 1 and 3), hepatic iron concentration (Studies 1-3), fecal iron excretion (Studies 1 and 2), iron-related liver gene expression (Studies 2 and 3), and plasma iron-related factors (Studies 2 and 3). RESULTS In Study 1, CA feed reduced the hepatic iron concentration (-16%; P = 0.005) without changing food intake or fecal iron excretion. In Study 2, we found a significant increase in the aortic plasma concentration of lipocalin 2 (LCN2; +65%; P < 0.001), an iron-trafficking protein. In Study 3, we observed no effect of vancomycin treatment on the CA-induced reduction of hepatic iron concentration (-32%; P < 0.001), accompanied by increased plasma LCN2 concentration (+72%; P = 0.003), in the CA-fed rats despite a drastic reduction in the secondary 12αOH BA concentration (-94%; P < 0.001) in the aortic plasma. CONCLUSIONS Primary 12αOH BAs reduced the hepatic iron concentration in rats. LCN2 may be responsible for the hepatic iron-lowering effect of primary 12αOH BAs by transporting iron out of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hori
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Minako Satake
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ohji Kohmoto
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Okada
- Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Fukiya
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokota
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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25
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Meggyesy PM, Masaldan S, Clatworthy SAS, Volitakis I, Eyckens DJ, Aston-Mourney K, Cater MA. Copper Ionophores as Novel Antiobesity Therapeutics. Molecules 2020; 25:E4957. [PMID: 33120881 PMCID: PMC7672559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic utility of the copper ionophore disulfiram was investigated in a diet-induced obesity mouse model (C57BL/6J background), both through administration in feed (0.05 to 1% (w/w)) and via oral gavage (150 mg/kg) for up to eight weeks. Mice were monitored for body weight, fat deposition (perigonadal fat pads), metabolic changes (e.g., glucose dyshomeostasis) and pathologies (e.g., hepatic steatosis, hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridemia) associated with a high-fat diet. Metal-related pharmacological effects across major organs and serums were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Disulfiram treatments (all modes) augmented hepatic copper in mice, markedly moderated body weight and abolished the deleterious systemic changes associated with a high-fat diet. Likewise, another chemically distinct copper ionophore H2(gtsm), administered daily (oral gavage), also augmented hepatic copper and moderated mouse body weight. Postmortem histological examinations of the liver and other major organs, together with serum aminotransferases, supported the reported therapeutic safety of disulfiram. Disulfiram specifically altered systemic copper in mice and altered hepatic copper metabolism, perturbing the incorporation of copper into ceruloplasmin (holo-ceruloplasmin biosynthesis) and subsequently reducing serum copper concentrations. Serum ceruloplasmin represents a biomarker for disulfiram activity. Our results establish copper ionophores as a potential class of antiobesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Meggyesy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
| | - Shashank Masaldan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Sharnel A. S. Clatworthy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
| | - Irene Volitakis
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia;
| | - Kathryn Aston-Mourney
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical~Translation, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Michael A. Cater
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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26
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Fillebeen C, Lam NH, Chow S, Botta A, Sweeney G, Pantopoulos K. Regulatory Connections between Iron and Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207773. [PMID: 33096618 PMCID: PMC7589414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for energy metabolism, and states of iron deficiency or excess are detrimental for organisms and cells. Therefore, iron and carbohydrate metabolism are tightly regulated. Serum iron and glucose levels are subjected to hormonal regulation by hepcidin and insulin, respectively. Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide hormone that inactivates the iron exporter ferroportin in target cells, thereby limiting iron efflux to the bloodstream. Insulin is a protein hormone secreted from pancreatic β-cells that stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism via insulin receptor signaling. There is increasing evidence that systemic, but also cellular iron and glucose metabolic pathways are interconnected. This review article presents relevant data derived primarily from mouse models and biochemical studies. In addition, it discusses iron and glucose metabolism in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Y 1P3, Canada;
| | - Nhat Hung Lam
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Samantha Chow
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.H.L.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Y 1P3, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-340-8260 (ext. 25293)
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Vays VB, Vangeli IM, Averina OA, Lovat ML, Bakeeva LE. Ultrastructure of Hepatocytes from Laboratory Mice Fed a Standard Dry Laboratory Animal Diet. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1082-1112. [PMID: 33050854 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920090084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The significant destructive changes in ultrastructure of hepatocytes from laboratory mice kept in different vivariums in Moscow and fed with dry laboratory animal diets acquired from different domestic manufacturers that were not standardized for initial products were demonstrated using electron microscopy. Furthermore, disruption in the ultrastructure of liver parenchymal cells occurred regardless of the animal status (SPF or conventional), conditions of various vivariums, as well as the feed manufacturer. At the same time, studies on ultrastructure of liver hepatocytes from mice kept in the Charles River Laboratory facilities in Germany and fed with the Altromin Spezialfutter laboratory animal diet (GmbH & Co., Germany) that was produced using quality control of ingredients did not reveal destructive changes in the internal ultrastructure of hepatocytes. However, if these mice were later fed with the food produced in local manufactures, changes in the structure of liver cells developed after 2 months. Thus, feeding with dry diet from the domestic producers of an unspecified composition causes significant changes in the ultrastructure of hepatocytes in control animals, reflecting the development of some pathological processes in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Vays
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - I M Vangeli
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O A Averina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M L Lovat
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - L E Bakeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Sztolsztener K, Chabowski A, Harasim-Symbor E, Bielawiec P, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K. Arachidonic Acid as an Early Indicator of Inflammation during Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081133. [PMID: 32751983 PMCID: PMC7464179 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by excessive lipid deposition. Lipid metabolism disturbances are possibly associated with hepatocyte inflammation development and oxidative balance impairment. The aim of our experiment was to examine the first moment when changes in plasma and liver arachidonic acid (AA) levels as a pro-inflammatory precursor may occur during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD development. Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in fat for five weeks, and after each week, inflammation and redox balance parameters were evaluated in the liver. The AA contents in lipid fractions were assessed by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC). Protein expression relevant to inflammatory and lipogenesis pathways was determined by immunoblotting. The oxidative system indicators were determined with assay kits. Our results revealed that a high-fat diet promoted an increase in AA levels, especially in the phospholipid (PL) fraction. Importantly, rapid inflammation development via increased inflammatory enzyme expression, elevated lipid peroxidation product content and oxidative system impairment was caused by the HFD as early as the first week of the experiment. Based on these results, we may postulate that changes in AA content may be an early indicator of inflammation and irreversible changes in NAFLD progression.
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29
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Arifah SN, Atho'illah MF, Lukiati B, Lestari SR. Herbal Medicine from Single Clove Garlic Oil Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Status in High Fat Diet Mice. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:46-56. [PMID: 32158344 PMCID: PMC7053541 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High fat diet (HFD) can cause lipid accumulation and contribute to various metabolic disorders. Single clove garlic oil (SCGO) has advantages over regular garlic due to its higher amounts of organosulfide compounds in particular. This study aimed to determine the ability of SCGO extract to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and improve oxidative status by modulating expression of tumour necrosis factor α and superoxide dismutase in mice fed a HFD. Methods Twenty-four adult male Balb/C mice were divided into six groups: i) normal diet; ii) positive control diet; iii) negative control diet; and iv) HFD with SCGO at 12.5 mg/kg body weight (mg/kg BW); v) HFD with SCGO at 25 mg/kg BW, vi) HFD with SCGO at 50 mg/kg BW. Liver weight and morphology, spleen weight, serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), TNF-α expression in the aorta and lipid profiles were assessed at the end of the experimental period. Results SCGO treatment was associated with significant decreases in liver and spleen weight as well as amelioration of hepatic steatosis. SCGO treatment also decreased TNF-α levels and expression. Serum levels of SOD in the SCGO groups were significantly increased compared with the negative control group. Lipid profiles were improved in the SCGO treatment groups compared with the negative control group. Conclusion SCGO as an herbal medicine could be an effective treatment for degenerative disorders caused by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Arifah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Betty Lukiati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sri Rahayu Lestari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Qin Y, Grimm SA, Roberts JD, Chrysovergis K, Wade PA. Alterations in promoter interaction landscape and transcriptional network underlying metabolic adaptation to diet. Nat Commun 2020; 11:962. [PMID: 32075973 PMCID: PMC7031266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation to nutritional state requires alterations in gene expression in key tissues. Here, we investigated chromatin interaction dynamics, as well as alterations in cis-regulatory loci and transcriptional network in a mouse model system. Chronic consumption of a diet high in saturated fat, when compared to a diet high in carbohydrate, led to dramatic reprogramming of the liver transcriptional network. Long-range interaction of promoters with distal regulatory loci, monitored by promoter capture Hi-C, was regulated by metabolic status in distinct fashion depending on diet. Adaptation to a lipid-rich diet, mediated largely by nuclear receptors including Hnf4α, relied on activation of preformed enhancer/promoter loops. Adaptation to carbohydrate-rich diet led to activation of preformed loops and to de novo formation of new promoter/enhancer interactions. These results suggest that adaptation to nutritional changes and metabolic stress occurs through both de novo and pre-existing chromatin interactions which respond differently to metabolic signals. Metabolic adaptation to different diets results in changes to gene expression. Here, the authors characterise the chromatin landscape and transcriptional network in mice on a diet of high saturated fat, compared to a diet high in carbohydrate, finding a dramatic reprogramming of the liver transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Qin
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sara A Grimm
- Integrative Bioinformatics Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - John D Roberts
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kaliopi Chrysovergis
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Paul A Wade
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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31
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Ghadimi D, Yoness Hassan MF, Fölster-Holst R, Röcken C, Ebsen M, de Vrese M, Heller KJ. Regulation of hepcidin/iron-signalling pathway interactions by commensal bifidobateria plays an important role for the inhibition of metaflammation-related biomarkers. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dysregulated Iron Metabolism-Associated Dietary Pattern Predicts an Altered Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112733. [PMID: 31717994 PMCID: PMC6893840 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays an important role in the development of obesity and may contribute to dysregulated iron metabolism (DIM). A cross-sectional survey of 208 adults was conducted in Taipei Medical University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). A reduced-rank regression from 31 food groups was used for a dietary pattern analysis. DIM was defined as at least four of the following criteria: serum hepcidin (men >200 ng/mL and women >140 ng/mL), hyperferritinemia (serum ferritin of >300 ng/mL in men and >200 ng/mL in women), central obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and two or more abnormal metabolic profiles. Compared to non-DIM patients, DIM patients were associated with an altered body composition and had a 4.52-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): (1.95–10.49); p < 0.001) greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) after adjusting for covariates. A DIM-associated dietary pattern (high intake of deep-fried food, processed meats, chicken, pork, eating out, coffee, and animal fat/skin but low intake of steamed/boiled/raw foods and dairy products) independently predicted central obesity (odds ratio (OR): 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05–2.34; p < 0.05) and MetS (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.07–3.35; p < 0.05). Individuals with the highest DIM pattern scores (tertile 3) had a higher visceral fat mass (%) (β = 0.232; 95% CI: 0.011–0.453; p < 0.05) but lower skeletal muscle mass (%) (β = −1.208; 95% CI: −2.177–−0.239; p < 0.05) compared to those with the lowest DIM pattern scores (tertile 1). In conclusion, a high score for the identified DIM-associated dietary pattern was associated with an unhealthier body composition and a higher risk of MetS.
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Abo El-khair SM, Ghoneim FM, Shabaan DA, Elsamanoudy AZ. Molecular and ultrastructure study of endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatic steatosis: role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and inflammatory mediators. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:49-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Increased adiposity by feeding growing rats a high-fat diet results in iron decompartmentalisation. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:1094-1108. [PMID: 32172712 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the effects of a high-fat (HF) diet of over 8 weeks on the Fe status of growing rats. Tissue Fe levels were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and whole-body adiposity was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Histopathology and morphometry of adipose tissue were performed. Liver homogenates were used for measuring ferroportin-1 protein levels by immunoblotting, and transcript levels were used for Fe genes measured by real-time PCR. Tissue Fe pools were fit to a compartmental biokinetic model in which Fe was assessed using fourteen compartments and twenty-seven transfer constants (kj,i from tissue 'i' to tissue 'j') adapted from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 69. Ten kj,i were calculated from the experimental data using non-linear regression, and seventeen were estimated by allometry according to the formula ${k_{i,j}} = a \times {M^b}$. Validation of the model was carried out by comparing predicted and analysed Fe pool sizes in erythrocytes, the liver and the spleen. Body adiposity was negatively associated with serum Fe levels and positively associated with liver Fe stores. An inferred increase in Fe transfer from bone marrow to the liver paralleled higher hepatic Fe concentrations and ferritin heavy-chain mRNA levels in the HF diet-fed animals, suggesting that liver Fe accumulation occurred at least in part due to a favoured liver erythrocyte uptake. If this feeding condition was to be prolonged, impaired Fe decompartmentalisation may occur, ultimately resulting in dysmetabolic Fe overload.
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Mo FF, Lv BH, An T, Miao JN, Liu JX, Zhang J, Zhang ZY, Ma MH, Yang XY, Zhao DD, Zhang DW, Gao SH, Jiang GJ. Protective mechanism of punicalagin against endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Che DN, Kang HJ, Cho BO, Shin JY, Jang SI. Combined effects of Diospyros lotus leaf and grape stalk extract in high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1207-1215. [PMID: 31275721 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-00551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of Diospyros lotus leaves extracts (DLE) and Muscat Bailey A grape stalk extracts (MGSE) in obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. The mice were fed with HFD and orally administered daily with DLE, MGSE, a mixture of DLE and MGSE, and Garcinia cambogia extract over a period of 16 weeks. The results revealed that daily administration of DLE and MGSE mixtures markedly prevented HFD-induced weight gain, plasma lipid profile, hepatic steatosis, hepatic fibrosis, diabetic symptoms, and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Also, DLE and MGSE mixtures administration greatly prevented oxidative stress and liver toxicity. The combined effects of DLE and MGSE mixtures were higher than effects of the single extracts and of G. cambogia, a plant known for its anti-obesity effects. In summary, these findings demonstrated that DLE and MGSE mixtures, exhibit anti-obesity activity in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Nchang Che
- 1Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 55069 Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kang
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54840 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ok Cho
- 1Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 55069 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54840 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Shin
- 1Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 55069 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Il Jang
- 1Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 55069 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54840 Republic of Korea
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Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Chen Y, Han J, Patel SS. Suppression of abdominal fat and anti-hyperlipidemic potential of Emblica officinalis: Upregulation of PPARs and identification of active moiety. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1274-1281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Jiang S, Yan K, Sun B, Gao S, Yang X, Ni Y, Ma W, Zhao R. Long-Term High-Fat Diet Decreases Hepatic Iron Storage Associated with Suppressing TFR2 and ZIP14 Expression in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11612-11621. [PMID: 30350980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced obesity is known to disturb hepatic iron metabolism in a time-dependent manner. The mechanism of decreased hepatic iron deposits induced by long-term high-fat diet needs to be further investigated. In this study, 24 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a 16-week high-fat diet and hepatic iron metabolism was examined. High-fat diet feeding considerably decreased hepatic iron contents, enhanced transferrin expression, and reduced the expression of ferritin heavy chain, ferritin light chain, and hepatic iron uptake-related proteins (transferrin receptor 2, TFR2, and ZRT/IRT-like protein 14, ZIP14) in rats. Impaired expression of hepatic TFR2 coincided with DNA hypermethylation on the promoter and repressed expression of transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α). miR-181 family expression was markedly increased and verified to regulate Zip14 expression by the dual-luciferase reporter system. Taken together, long-term high-fat diet decreases hepatic iron storage, which is closely linked to inhibition of liver iron transport through the TFR2 and ZIP14-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shixing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Liang XF, He S, Li J, Huang K, Zhang YP, Huang D. Lipid deposition pattern and adaptive strategy in response to dietary fat in Chinese perch ( Siniperca chuatsi). Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:77. [PMID: 30410565 PMCID: PMC6211486 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies in teleost have demonstrated the adaptive strategy to maintain hepatic lipid homeostasis within certain limit. The excess of fat-intake could induce abnormal lipid deposition in liver but not adipose tissue. However, the molecular mechanism between the impaired lipid homeostasis and the aggravated lipid deposition in liver has not been elucidated well in fish. Methods Four isonitrogenous diets with different fat levels (2, 7, 12 and 17%) were formulated, named L2, L7, L12 and L17 respectively, and fed Chinese perch (44.50 ± 0.25 g) to apparent satiation for five weeks. Growth index, triglyceride concentrations and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were measured. Results The maximal growth performance and food intake were observed in L12 group. The lipid content in liver and serum were comparable in L2, L7 and L12 groups, while they were increased significantly in L17 group. Histology analysis also demonstrated that mass lipid droplets emerged in hepatocyte and then induced hepatic steatosis in L17 group. Compared to L2 group, the lipolytic genes related to fatty acids (FAs) transport (lpl & hl) and FAs β-oxidation (cpt1 & cs) were increased in L7 and L12 group. Relative mRNA levels of the gluconeogenesis (pc, pepck & g6pase) were also increased, in contrast, the lipogenic genes (srebp1, accα & fas) were decreased. Compared to L12 group, L17 group had higher mRNA levels of the FAs transport and the lipogenesis. But the lipolytic genes related to FAs β-oxidation were steady and the mRNA levels of gluconeogenesis were down-regulated instead. Conclusions Within certain limit, the increase of dietary fat in L7 and L12 group was propitious to reduce the consumption of protein and improve growth performance in Chinese perch. It was due to the homeostasis of hepatic triglyceride (TG) pool and serum glucose through promoting the FAs β-oxidation and gluconeogenesis respectively. Both the increase of lipogenesis and the absence of FAs β-oxidation in L17 group could trigger the esterification of FAs, indeed, the inhibition of gluconeogenesis could also aggravate triglyceride accumulation in liver and induce hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- 1College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China.,2Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- 1College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China.,2Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shan He
- 1College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China.,2Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jiao Li
- 1College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China.,2Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Kang Huang
- 1College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China.,2Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yan-Peng Zhang
- 1College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China.,2Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Dong Huang
- 1College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China.,2Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Cui R, Choi SE, Kim TH, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Kang Y, Jeon JY, Kim HJ, Lee KW. Iron overload by transferrin receptor protein 1 regulation plays an important role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:1771-1786. [PMID: 30207798 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800448r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid is considered to be one of the major pathogenic factors of inducing insulin resistance. The association between iron disturbances and insulin resistance has recently begun to receive a lot of attention. Although skeletal muscles are a major tissue for iron utilization and storage, the role of iron in palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance is unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanism underlying iron dysregulation in PA-induced insulin resistance. Interestingly, we found that PA simultaneously increased intracellular iron and induced insulin resistance. The iron chelator deferoxamine dramatically inhibited PA-induced insulin resistance, and iron donors impaired insulin sensitivity by activating JNK. PA up-regulated transferrin receptor 1 (tfR1), an iron uptake protein, which was modulated by iron-responsive element-binding proteins 2. Knockdown of tfR1 and iron-responsive element-binding proteins 2 prevented PA-induced iron uptake and insulin resistance. PA also translocated the tfR1 by stimulating calcium influx, but the calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, dramatically reduced iron overload by inhibiting tfR1 translocation and ultimately increased insulin sensitivity. Iron overload may play a critical role in PA-induced insulin resistance. Blocking iron overload may thus be a useful strategy for preventing insulin resistance and diabetes.-Cui, R., Choi, S.-E., Kim, T. H., Lee, H. J., Lee, S. J., Kang, Y., Jeon, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Lee, K.-W. Iron overload by transferrin receptor protein 1 regulation plays an important role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihua Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa Joung Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Russo R, Cattaneo F, Lippiello P, Cristiano C, Zurlo F, Castaldo M, Irace C, Borsello T, Santamaria R, Ammendola R, Calignano A, Miniaci MC. Motor coordination and synaptic plasticity deficits are associated with increased cerebellar activity of NADPH oxidase, CAMKII, and PKC at preplaque stage in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 68:123-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tiao MM, Lin YJ, Yu HR, Sheen JM, Lin IC, Lai YJ, Tain YL, Huang LT, Tsai CC. Resveratrol ameliorates maternal and post-weaning high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via renin-angiotensin system. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:178. [PMID: 30055626 PMCID: PMC6064630 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can develop in prenatal stages and can be exacerbated by exposure to a postnatal high-fat (HF) diet. We investigated the protective effects of resveratrol on prenatal and postnatal HF diet-induced NAFLD. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rat offspring were placed in five experimental groups (n = 10-12 per group): normal diet (VNF), maternal HF diet (ONF), postnatal HF diet (VHF), and maternal HF diet/postnatal HF diet (OHF). A therapeutic group with resveratrol for maternal HF diet/postnatal HF diet (OHFR) was used for comparison. Resveratrol (50 mg/kg/day) was dissolved in drinking water for offspring from post-weaning to postnatal day (PND) 120. RESULTS We found that HF/HF-induced NAFLD was prevented in adult offspring by the administration of resveratrol. Resveratrol administration mediated a protective effect on rats on HF/HF by regulating lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, restoring nutrient-sensing pathways by increasing Sirt1 and leptin expression, and mediating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to decrease angiotensinogen, renin, ACE1, and AT1R levels and increased ACE2, AT2R and MAS1 levels compared to those in the OHF group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a maternal and post-weaning HF diet increases liver steatosis and apoptosis via the RAS. Resveratrol might serve as a therapeutic target by mediating protective actions against NAFLD in offspring exposed to a combination of maternal and postnatal HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Chung JY, Kim HS, Song J. Iron metabolism in diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease: a focus on insulin resistance in the brain. Biometals 2018; 31:705-714. [PMID: 30043289 PMCID: PMC6133192 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an excessive accumulation of toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and memory dysfunction. The onset of AD is influenced by age, genetic background, and impaired glucose metabolism in the brain. Several studies have demonstrated that diabetes involving insulin resistance and glucose tolerance could lead to AD, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunction. Even though the relationship between diabetes and AD was indicated by significant evidences, the critical mechanisms and metabolic alterations in diabetes induced AD are not clear until now. Recently, iron metabolism has been shown to play multiple roles in the central nervous system (CNS). Iron deficiency and overload are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Iron binds to Aβ and subsequently regulates Aβ toxicity in the CNS. In addition, previous studies have shown that iron is involved in the aggravation of insulin resistance. Considering these effects of iron metabolism in CNS, we expect that iron metabolism may play crucial roles in diabetic AD brain. Thus, we review the recent evidence regarding the relationship between diabetes-induced AD and iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
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Stawiarska-Pięta B, Zalejska-Fiolka J, Wyszyńska M, Kleczka A, Janiga B, Grzegorzak N, Birkner E. Influence of α-lipoic Acid on Morphology of Organs of Rabbits Fed a High Fat Diet with the Addition of Oxidised Rapeseed Oil. J Vet Res 2018; 61:517-525. [PMID: 29978118 PMCID: PMC5937353 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to assess the influence of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on the morphology of the aorta and liver of rabbits fed high fat diet with addition of oxidised (ORO) and non-oxidised rapeseed oil (N-ORO). Material and Methods The study was conducted on male chinchilla rabbits divided into six groups. The control group (C) was fed a breeding standard diet (BSD), group I received BSD with the addition of ALA in the dose of 10 mg/kg b.w., groups II and III received BSD enriched with 10% addition of N-ORO or ORO, whereas rabbits from groups IV and V received BSD with 10% addition of N-ORO or ORO and ALA. Results Addition of ORO caused necrosis and steatosis of hepatocytes, as well as atherosclerotic plaques of various intensification in the aorta. In the liver of rabbits from group II (N-ORO) infiltrations of mononuclear cells was observed in the area of liver triads and between liver lobules. The beneficial influence of ALA was demonstrated in rabbits fed a diet containing N-ORO or ORO. In case of ORO, the activity of ALA was not fully effective. Conclusion Diet supplementation with ALA counteracts the changes generated in the liver and aorta under increased exposure to higher fat content in diet, in particular thermally treated fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Stawiarska-Pięta
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka
- Department of General Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wyszyńska
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Kleczka
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Beata Janiga
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Natalia Grzegorzak
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Birkner
- Department of General Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Kuwabara WMT, Panveloski-Costa AC, Yokota CNF, Pereira JNB, Filho JM, Torres RP, Hirabara SM, Curi R, Alba-Loureiro TC. Comparison of Goto-Kakizaki rats and high fat diet-induced obese rats: Are they reliable models to study Type 2 Diabetes mellitus? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189622. [PMID: 29220408 PMCID: PMC5722336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an evident growing disease that affects different cultures throughout the world. T2DM occurs under the influence of three main factors: the genetic background, environmental and behavioral components. Obesity is strongly associated to the development of T2DM in the occident, while in the orient most of the diabetic patients are considered lean. Genetics may be a key factor in the development of T2DM in societies where obesity is not a recurrent public health problem. Herein, two different models of rats were used to understand their differences and reliability as experimental models to study the pathophysiology of T2DM, in two different approaches: the genetic (GK rats) and the environmental (HFD-induced obese rats) influences. GK rats were resistant to weight gain even though food/energy consumption (relative to body weight) was higher in this group. HFD, on the other hand, induced obesity in Wistar rats. White adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in this group was accompanied by immune cells infiltration, inflammation and insulin resistance. GK rats also presented WAT inflammation and insulin resistance; however, no immune cells infiltration was observed in the WAT of this group. Liver of HFD group presented fat accumulation without differences in inflammatory cytokines content, while liver of GK rats didn't present fat accumulation, but showed an increase of IL-6 and IL-10 content and glycogen. Also, GK rats showed increased plasma GOT and GPT. Soleus muscle of HFD presented normal insulin signaling, contrary to GK rats, which presented higher content of basal phosphorylation of GSK-3β. Our results demonstrated that HFD developed a mild insulin resistance in Wistar rats, but was not sufficient to develop T2DM. In contrast, GK rats presented all the typical hallmarks of T2DM, such as insulin resistance, defective insulin production, fasting hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia and lipid plasma alteration. Thus, on the given time point of this study, we may conclude that only GK rats shown to be a reliable model to study T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Panveloski-Costa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joice Naiara Bertaglia Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mancini Filho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yamamoto K, Kuragano T, Kimura T, Nanami M, Hasuike Y, Nakanishi T. Interplay of adipocyte and hepatocyte: Leptin upregulates hepcidin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1548-1554. [PMID: 29158088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Conflicting evidence concerning leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, in atherogenesis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported. Iron metabolism and iron-mediated oxidative stress should be taken into consideration for the clarification of the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that leptin receptor activation directly affects iron metabolism by the finding that serum levels of hepcidin, the master regulator of iron in the whole body, were significantly lower in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) and leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice. The administration of recombinant leptin to ob/ob mice for two weeks showed a significant increase in serum hepcidin and hepatic Hamp mRNA levels. Hamp mRNA levels were significantly correlated with hepatic iron content and BMP6 mRNA levels. Hepatic iron content was associated with the increase in mRNA levels of divalent metal transporter 1 and transferrin receptor. Our data provide evidence that the interplay of these two hormones could help improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Yamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuragano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nanami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hasuike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakanishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
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Roselle is cardioprotective in diet-induced obesity rat model with myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2017; 191:157-165. [PMID: 29066253 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity increase the risks of hypertension and myocardial infarction (MI) mediated by oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate the actions of roselle aqueous extract (R) on cardiotoxicity in obese (OB) rats and thereon OB rats subjected to MI. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet for 8weeks. Firstly, OB rats were divided into (1) OB and (2) OB+R (100mg/kg, p.o, 28days). Then, OB rats were subjected to MI (ISO, 85mg/kg, s.c, 2days) and divided into three groups: (1) OB+MI, (2) OB+MI+R and (3) OB+MI+enalapril for another 4weeks. KEY FINDINGS Roselle ameliorated OB and OB+MI's cardiac systolic dysfunction and reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. The increased oxidative markers and decreased antioxidant enzymes in OB and OB+MI groups were all attenuated by roselle. SIGNIFICANCE These observations indicate the protective effect of roselle on cardiac dysfunction in OB and OB+MI rats, which suggest its potential to be developed as a nutraceutical product for obese and obese patients with MI in the future.
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Mohammed A, Abd Al Haleem EN, El-Bakly WM, El-Demerdash E. Deferoxamine alleviates liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:760-8. [PMID: 27168353 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several chronic liver diseases can lead to the occurrence of hepatic fibrosis through the accumulation of iron, which causes induction of oxidative stress and consequently activation of fibrogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the potential antifibrotic and anti-oxidant effects of deferoxamine (DFO), a well-known iron chelator in an experimental rat model of liver injury using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ). First, the potential effective dose of DFO was screened against CCl4 -induced acute hepatotoxicity. Then, rats were co-treated with DFO (300 mg/kg, i.p.) for 6 weeks starting from the third week of CCl4 induction of chronic hepatotoxicity. Liver function was assessed in addition to histopathological examination. Furthermore, oxidative stress and fibrosis markers were assessed. It was found that treatment of animals with DFO significantly counteracted the changes in liver function; histopathological lesions and hepatic iron deposition that were induced by CCl4 . DFO also significantly counteracted the CCl4 -induced lipid peroxidation increase and reduction in antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes. In addition, DFO ameliorated significantly liver fibrosis markers including hydroxyproline, collagen accumulation, and the expression of the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation marker; alpha smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Together, these findings indicate that DFO possesses a potent antifibrotic effect due to its antioxidant properties that counteracted oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant enzymes activities as well as reducing HSCs activation and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ekram N Abd Al Haleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wesam M El-Bakly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061141. [PMID: 28587122 PMCID: PMC5485965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is often accompanied by chronic inflammation. A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) may accelerate the ageing phenotype. Cell culture studies have indicated that artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known regarding its anti-inflammatory potential in mouse liver in vivo. In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. GPSE-γCD did not affect the food intake, body weight or body composition of the mice. However, mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in these mice compared to those in the WTD-fed controls. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Overall, the present data suggest that dietary GPSE-γCD exhibits anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver in vivo. Thus, GPSE-γCD has the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation.
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50
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Huang YH, Kuo HC. Anemia in Kawasaki Disease: Hepcidin as a Potential Biomarker. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040820. [PMID: 28417923 PMCID: PMC5412404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an autoimmune-like disease and acute childhood vasculitis syndrome that affects various systems but has unknown etiology. In addition to the standard diagnostic criteria, anemia is among the most common clinical features of KD patients and is thought to have a more prolonged duration of active inflammation. In 2001, the discovery of a liver-derived peptide hormone known as hepcidin began revolutionizing our understanding of anemia’s relation to a number of inflammatory diseases, including KD. This review focuses on hepcidin-induced iron deficiency’s relation to transient hyposideremia, anemia, and disease outcomes in KD patients, and goes on to suggest possible routes of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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