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Manohar SM. Shedding Light on Intracellular Proteins using Flow Cytometry. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01338-1. [PMID: 38831173 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular protein abundance is routinely measured in mammalian cells using population-based techniques such as western blotting which fail to capture single cell protein levels or using fluorescence microscopy which is although suitable for single cell protein detection but not for rapid analysis of large no. of cells. Flow cytometry offers rapid, high-throughput, multiparameter-based analysis of intracellular protein expression in statistically significant no. of cells at single cell resolution. In past few decades, customized assays have been developed for flow cytometric detection of specific intracellular proteins. This review discusses the scope of flow cytometry for intracellular protein detection in mammalian cells along with specific applications. Technological advancements to overcome the limitations of traditional flow cytometry for the same are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal M Manohar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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2
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Chien TM, Yang CW, Yen CH, Yeh BW, Wu WJ, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Excavatolide C/cisplatin combination induces antiproliferation and drives apoptosis and DNA damage in bladder cancer cells. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1543-1560. [PMID: 38424264 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Excavatolide C (EXCC), a marine coral-derived compound, exhibits an antiproliferation effect on bladder cancer cells. The present study evaluated the improvement in the antiproliferation ability of EXCC by co-treatment with cisplatin in bladder cancer cells. EXCC/cisplatin (12.5 and 1 μg/mL) showed higher antiproliferation effects on bladder cancer cells than single treatments (EXCC or cisplatin alone) in the 48 h ATP assay. EXCC/cisplatin also enhanced the increase in subG1, annexin V-mediated apoptosis, and activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and several caspases (caspases 3, 8, and 9) compared to the single treatments. Cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress was enhanced with EXCC/cisplatin compared to the single treatments according to analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial membrane potential; in addition, cellular antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), and the mRNA expressions of antioxidant signaling genes (catalase and NFE2-like bZIP transcription factor 2) were downregulated. EXCC/cisplatin treatment produced more DNA damage than the single treatments, as indicated by γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. Moreover, several DNA repair genes for homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) were downregulated in EXCC/cisplatin compared to others. The addition of the GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine, which has ROS scavenging activity, attenuated all EXCC/cisplatin-induced changes. Notably, EXCC/cisplatin showed lower antiproliferation, apoptosis, ROS induction, GSH depletion, and γH2AX DNA damage in normal cells than in bladder cancer cells. Therefore, the co-treatment of EXCC/cisplatin reduces the proliferation of bladder cancer cells via oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms with normal cell safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Ming Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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3
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Chuang YT, Yen CY, Shiau JP, Chang FR, Duh CY, Sung PJ, Chen KL, Tsai YH, Tang JY, Jeng JH, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Demethoxymurrapanine, an indole-naphthoquinone alkaloid, inhibits the proliferation of oral cancer cells without major side effects on normal cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1221-1234. [PMID: 37921086 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Antioral cancer drugs need a greater antiproliferative impact on cancer than on normal cells. Demethoxymurrapanine (DEMU) inhibits proliferation in several cancer cells, but an in-depth investigation was necessary. This study evaluated the proliferation-modulating effects of DEMU, focusing on oral cancer and normal cells. DEMU (0, 2, 3, and 4 μg/mL) at 48 h treatments inhibited the proliferation of oral cancer cells (the cell viability (%) for Ca9-22 cells was 100.0 ± 2.2, 75.4 ± 5.6, 26.0 ± 3.8, and 15.4 ± 1.4, and for CAL 27 cells was 100.0 ± 9.4, 77.2 ± 5.9, 57.4 ± 10.7, and 27.1 ± 1.1) more strongly than that of normal cells (the cell viability (%) for S-G cells was 100.0 ± 6.6, 91.0 ± 4.6, 95.0 ± 2.6, and 95.8 ± 5.5), although this was blocked by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. The presence of oxidative stress was evidenced by the increase of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and the downregulation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione in oral cancer cells, but these changes were minor in normal cells. DEMU also caused greater induction of the subG1 phase, extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis (annexin V and caspases 3, 8, and 9), and DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) in oral cancer than in normal cells. N-acetylcysteine attenuated all these DEMU-induced changes. Together, these data demonstrate the preferential antiproliferative function of DEMU in oral cancer cells, with the preferential induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage in these cancer cells, and low cytotoxicity toward normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yih Duh
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Liang Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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4
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Yang KH, Yen CY, Wang SC, Chang FR, Chang MY, Chan CK, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. 6- n-Butoxy-10-nitro-12,13-dioxa-11-azatricyclo[7.3.1.0 2,7]trideca-2,4,6,10-tetraene Improves the X-ray Sensitivity on Inhibiting Proliferation and Promoting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis of Oral Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:458. [PMID: 38398060 PMCID: PMC10887088 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study examines the anti-oral cancer effects and mechanisms of a combined X-ray/SK2 treatment, i.e., X-ray and 6-n-butoxy-10-nitro-12,13-dioxa-11-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4,6,10-tetraene (SK2). ATP cell viability and flow cytometry-based cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage assessments were conducted. The X-ray/SK2 treatment exhibited lower viability in oral cancer (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) cells than in normal (Smulow-Glickman, S-G) cells, i.e., 32.0%, 46.1% vs. 59.0%, which showed more antiproliferative changes than with X-ray or SK2 treatment. Oral cancer cells under X-ray/SK2 treatment showed slight subG1 and G2/M increments and induced high annexin V-monitored apoptosis compared to X-ray or SK2 treatment. The X-ray/SK2 treatment showed higher caspase 3 and 8 levels for oral cancer cells than other treatments. X-ray/SK2 showed a higher caspase 9 level in CAL 27 cells than other treatments, while Ca9-22 cells showed similar levels under X-ray and/or SK2. The X-ray/SK2 treatment showed higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depletion than other treatments. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) and glutathione levels in X-ray/SK2 treatment did not exhibit the highest rank compared to others. Moreover, oral cancer cells had higher γH2AX and/or 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels from X-ray/SK2 treatment than others. All these measurements for X-ray/SK2 in oral cancer cells were higher than in normal cells and attenuated by N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, X-ray/SK2 treatment showed ROS-dependent enhanced antiproliferative, apoptotic, and DNA damage effects in oral cancer cells with a lower cytotoxic influence on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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5
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Lu HI, Chen KL, Yen CY, Chen CY, Chien TM, Shu CW, Chen YH, Jeng JH, Chen BH, Chang HW. Michelia compressa-Derived Santamarine Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation via Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and DNA Damage. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:230. [PMID: 38399445 PMCID: PMC10892349 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The anti-oral cancer effects of santamarine (SAMA), a Michelia compressa var. compressa-derived natural product, remain unclear. This study investigates the anticancer effects and acting mechanism of SAMA against oral cancer (OC-2 and HSC-3) in parallel with normal (Smulow-Glickman; S-G) cells. SAMA selectively inhibits oral cancer cell viability more than normal cells, reverted by the oxidative stress remover N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The evidence of oxidative stress generation, such as the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide and the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential and glutathione, further supports this ROS-dependent selective antiproliferation. SAMA arrests oral cancer cells at the G2/M phase. SAMA triggers apoptosis (annexin V) in oral cancer cells and activates caspases 3, 8, and 9. SAMA enhances two types of DNA damage in oral cancer cells, such as γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. Moreover, all of these anticancer mechanisms of SAMA are more highly expressed in oral cancer cells than in normal cells in concentration and time course experiments. These above changes are attenuated by NAC, suggesting that SAMA exerts mechanisms of selective antiproliferation that depend on oxidative stress while maintaining minimal cytotoxicity to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Liang Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (K.-L.C.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Dentistry, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (K.-L.C.); (C.-Y.Y.)
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan;
| | - Tsu-Ming Chien
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Bachelor Program of Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Bachelor Program of Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Pakola S, Quixabeira DCA, Kudling TV, Clubb JHA, Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela S, Basnet S, Jirovec E, Arias V, Haybout L, Heiniö C, Santos JM, Cervera-Carrascon V, Havunen R, Anttila M, Hemminki A. An oncolytic adenovirus coding for a variant interleukin 2 cytokine improves response to chemotherapy through enhancement of effector lymphocyte cytotoxicity, fibroblast compartment modulation and mitotic slippage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171083. [PMID: 37475863 PMCID: PMC10354511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly treatment-resistant cancer. Currently, the only curative treatment for PDAC is surgery, but most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease and thus outside the scope of surgery. The majority of metastatic patients receive chemotherapy, but responses are limited. New therapeutics are thus urgently needed for PDAC. One major limitation in treating PDAC has been the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which inhibits anti-cancer immune responses. We have constructed an oncolytic adenovirus coding for a variant the interleukin 2 molecule, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 (also known as TILT-452, and "vIL-2 virus"), with preferential binding to IL-2 receptors on the surface of effector lymphocytes over T regulatory cells (T regs). In the present study this virus was evaluated in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine chemotherapy in Panc02 mouse model. Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 showed marked PDAC cell killing in vitro, alongside induction of mitotic slippage and immunogenic cell death in PDAC cell lines, when combined with chemotherapy. Increased survival was seen in vivo with 80% of animals surviving long term, when compared to chemotherapy alone. Moreover, combination therapy mediated enhanced tumor growth control, without observable toxicities in internal organs or external features. Survival and tumor control benefits were associated with activation of tumor infiltrating immune cells, downregulation of inhibitory signals, change in fibroblast populations in the tumors and changes in intratumoral cytokines, with increased chemokine amounts (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4) and anti-tumor cytokines (IFN-γ and TNFα). Furthermore, vIL-2 virus in combination with chemotherapy efficiently induced tumor protection upon rechallenge, that was extended to a previously non-encountered cancer cell line. In conclusion, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 is a promising immunotherapy candidate when combined with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santeri Pakola
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dafne C. A. Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana V. Kudling
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James H. A. Clubb
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saru Basnet
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elise Jirovec
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Arias
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lyna Haybout
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao M. Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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Yu TJ, Shiau JP, Tang JY, Farooqi AA, Cheng YB, Hou MF, Yen CH, Chang HW. Physapruin A Exerts Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Trigger Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis via Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108853. [PMID: 37240198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Physalis plants are commonly used traditional medicinal herbs, and most of their extracts containing withanolides show anticancer effects. Physapruin A (PHA), a withanolide isolated from P. peruviana, shows antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cells involving oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, the other oxidative stress-associated response, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and its participation in regulating apoptosis in PHA-treated breast cancer cells remain unclear. This study aims to explore the function of oxidative stress and ER stress in modulating the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells treated with PHA. PHA induced a more significant ER expansion and aggresome formation of breast cancer cells (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231). The mRNA and protein levels of ER stress-responsive genes (IRE1α and BIP) were upregulated by PHA in breast cancer cells. The co-treatment of PHA with the ER stress-inducer (thapsigargin, TG), i.e., TG/PHA, demonstrated synergistic antiproliferation, reactive oxygen species generation, subG1 accumulation, and apoptosis (annexin V and caspases 3/8 activation) as examined by ATP assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting. These ER stress responses, their associated antiproliferation, and apoptosis changes were partly alleviated by the N-acetylcysteine, an oxidative stress inhibitor. Taken together, PHA exhibits ER stress-inducing function to promote antiproliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- National Natural Product Libraries and High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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8
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Tutty MA, Holmes S, Prina-Mello A. Cancer Cell Culture: The Basics and Two-Dimensional Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:3-40. [PMID: 37202610 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in investigative and therapeutic methodologies for cancer, 2D cell culture remains an essential and evolving competency in this fast-paced industry. From basic monolayer cultures and functional assays to more recent and ever-advancing cell-based cancer interventions, 2D cell culture plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Research and development in this field call for a great deal of optimization, while the heterogenous nature of cancer itself demands personalized precision for its intervention. In this way, 2D cell culture is ideal, providing a highly adaptive and responsive platform, where skills can be honed and techniques modified. Furthermore, it is arguably the most efficient, economical, and sustainable methodology available to researchers and clinicians alike.In this chapter, we discuss the history of cell culture and the varying types of cell and cell lines used today, the techniques used to characterize and authenticate them, the applications of 2D cell culture in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and more recent developments in the area of cell-based cancer interventions and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Anne Tutty
- Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Holmes
- Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Shiau JP, Lee MY, Tang JY, Huang H, Lin ZY, Su JH, Hou MF, Cheng YB, Chang HW. Marine Sponge Aaptos suberitoides Extract Improves Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells without Cytotoxicity to Normal Cells In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121575. [PMID: 36559026 PMCID: PMC9783771 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effects and mechanisms of marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides were rarely assessed, especially for methanol extract of A. suberitoides (MEAS) to breast cancer cells. This study evaluated the differential suppression effects of proliferation by MEAS between breast cancer and normal cells. MEAS demonstrated more antiproliferation impact on breast cancer cells than normal cells, indicating oxidative stress-dependent preferential antiproliferation effects on breast cancer cells but not for normal cells. Several oxidative stress-associated responses were highly induced by MEAS in breast cancer cells but not normal cells, including the generations of cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress as well as the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential. MEAS downregulated cellular antioxidants such as glutathione, partly contributing to the upregulation of oxidative stress in breast cancer cells. This preferential oxidative stress generation is accompanied by more DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) in breast cancer cells than in normal cells. N-acetylcysteine reverted these MEAS-triggered responses. In conclusion, MEAS is a potential natural product for treating breast cancer cells with the characteristics of preferential antiproliferation function without cytotoxicity to normal cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Yu Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.C.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-07-525-2000 (ext. 5212) (Y.-B.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.C.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-07-525-2000 (ext. 5212) (Y.-B.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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10
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Abdelsalam EA, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Eldehna WM, El Hassab MA, Marzouk HMM, Elaasser MM, Abou Taleb NA, Amin KM, Abdel-Aziz HA, Ghosh P, Hammad SF. Discovery of novel thiazolyl-pyrazolines as dual EGFR and VEGFR-2 inhibitors endowed with in vitro antitumor activity towards non-small lung cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2265-2282. [PMID: 36000167 PMCID: PMC9415638 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
New series of thiazolyl-pyrazoline derivatives (7a–7d, 10a–10d and 13a–13f) have been synthesised and assessed for their potential EGFR and VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities. Compounds 10b and 10d exerted potent and selective inhibitory activity towards the two receptor tyrosine kinases; EGFR (IC50 = 40.7 ± 1.0 and 32.5 ± 2.2 nM, respectively) and VEGFR-2 (IC50 = 78.4 ± 1.5 and 43.0 ± 2.4 nM, respectively). The best anti-proliferative activity for the examined thiazolyl-pyrazolines was observed against the non-small lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Compounds 10b and 10d displayed pronounced efficacy against A549 (IC50 = 4.2 and 2.9 µM, respectively) and H441 cell lines (IC50 = 4.8 and 3.8 µM, respectively). Moreover, our results indicated that 10b and 10d were much more effective towards EGFR-mutated NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H1650 and NCI-H1975 cells) than gefitinib. Finally, compounds 10b and 10d induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibit migration in A549 cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Hala Mohamed M Marzouk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nageh A Abou Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamilia M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sherif F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,PharmD Program and Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Peng SY, Yen CY, Lan TH, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. Combined Treatment (Ultraviolet-C/Physapruin A) Enhances Antiproliferation and Oxidative-Stress-Associated Mechanism in Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2227. [PMID: 36421413 PMCID: PMC9686797 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physapruin A (PHA), a Physalis peruviana-derived withanolide, exhibits antiproliferation activity against oral and breast cancer cells. However, its potential antitumor effects in combined treatments remain unclear. This investigation focused on evaluating the impact of the combined treatment of ultraviolet-C with PHA (UVC/PHA) on the proliferation of oral cancer cells. The UVC-caused antiproliferation was enhanced by combination with PHA in oral cancer (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) but not normal cells (SG), as evidenced by ATP detection, compared with UVC or PHA alone. UVC/PHA showed a greater extent of subG1 increase, G2/M arrest, annexin-V-assessed apoptosis, caspase 3/7 activation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the UVC or PHA treatment of oral cancer compared to normal cells. Moreover, the mitochondrial functions, such as mitochondrial superoxide bursts and mitochondrial membrane potential destruction, of oral cancer cells were also enhanced by UVC/PHA compared to UVC or PHA alone. These oxidative stresses triggered γH2AX and 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine-assessed DNA damage to a greater extent under UVC/PHA treatment than under UVC or PHA treatment alone. The ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine reversed all these UVC/PHA-promoted changes. In conclusion, UVC/PHA is a promising strategy for decreasing the proliferation of oral cancer cells but shows no inhibitory effect on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Ph.D Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsun Lan
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Ph.D Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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12
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Chen YN, Chan CK, Yen CY, Shiau JP, Chang MY, Wang CC, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. Antioral Cancer Effects by the Nitrated [6,6,6]Tricycles Compound (SK1) In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2072. [PMID: 36290795 PMCID: PMC9598307 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel nitrated [6,6,6]tricycles-derived compound containing nitro, methoxy, and ispropyloxy groups, namely SK1, was developed in our previous report. However, the anticancer effects of SK1 were not assessed. Moreover, SK1 contains two nitro groups (NO2) and one nitrogen-oxygen (N-O) bond exhibiting the potential for oxidative stress generation, but this was not examined. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferation effects and oxidative stress and its associated responses between oral cancer and normal cells. Based on the MTS assay, SK1 demonstrated more antiproliferation ability in oral cancer cells than normal cells, reversed by N-acetylcysteine. This suggests that SK1 causes antiproliferation effects preferentially in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. The oxidative stress-associated responses were further validated, showing higher ROS/MitoSOX burst, MMP, and GSH depletion in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Meanwhile, SK1 caused oxidative stress-causing apoptosis, such as caspases 3/8/9, and DNA damages, such as γH2AX and 8-OHdG, to a greater extent in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Siilar to cell viability, these oxidative stress responses were partially diminished by NAC, indicating that SK1 promoted oxidative stress-dependent responses. In conclusion, SK1 exerts oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage to a greater extent to oral cancer cells than in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ning Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | | | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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13
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Suardana IW, Swacita IBN, Pinatih KJP, Suharsono H, Widiasih DA. Assessment of Cell Cycle and Induction of Apoptosis by Shiga-like Toxin Produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in T47D Breast Cancer Cells Using Flow Cytometry. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3247-3252. [PMID: 36308345 PMCID: PMC9924345 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.10.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low general toxicity against tumors expressing globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and Shiga-like toxins produced by E. coli have been proposed as an anti-cancer therapy because of their specific target. This study aimed to determine the potency of the local strains of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from humans and cattle as a new breast cancer therapy by analyzing the cell cycle's inhibition and apoptosis induction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Approximately 10 cultured T47D cells were subjected to Shiga-like toxin produced by four local isolates of E. coli O157:H7, including KL-48 (2) from humans, and SM-25 (1), SM-7 (1), DS-21 (4) from cattle. Using ATCC 43894 as a control, the treatment was observed for 24 h by two replications. In addition, a FITC-Annexin V and PI assay were used to observe apoptosis and necrosis effect, as well as to analyze the cell cycle using propidium iodide (PI) staining. RESULTS The results showed the toxicity effect of Shiga in the human T47 D cells line. The viability of the cells is subjected to Shiga-like toxins produced by KL-48 (2), SM7 (1), ATCC 43894, SM-25 (1), and DS-21 (4) isolates decreased with 15.20, 16.36, 22.17, 22.64, and 33.86%, in contrary to control of 94.36%. These were supported by the cells entering the late apoptosis of the cell cycle through each isolate with 67.66, 62.60, 63.68, 63.90, and 54.74%, and a control of 0.01%. Also, the necrosis cell for each treatment of 12.73, 19.3, 10.84, 10.53, and 4.86% was higher than the control of 5.51%. These were confirmed by the higher percentage of the cells treated with toxins of KL-48 (2), SM7(1), ATCC 43894, SM-25 (1), and DS-21 (4), which entered G0-G1 of the cell cycle phase with 66.41, 63.37, 61.52, 55.36, and 47.28%, respectively, than control of 40.69%. Additionally, the toxicity effect was supported by an increase in the cells entering the S and the G2-M phase of the cycle for each treatment. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the Shiga-like toxin produced by E. coli O157:H7 local isolates can be developed as a drug against breast cancer based on its effect to arrest induction of the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wayan Suardana
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. Jl. P.B. Sudirman, Denpasar-Bali. 80234. Indonesia. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Ida Bagus Ngurah Swacita
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. Jl. P.B. Sudirman, Denpasar-Bali. 80234. Indonesia.
| | - Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Jl. P.B.Sudirman, Denpasar-Bali. 80234. Indonesia.
| | - Hamong Suharsono
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar-Bali. 80234. Indonesia.
| | - Dyah Ayu Widiasih
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University. Jl. Fauna No. 2 Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia.
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14
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Methanol Extract of Commelina Plant Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091813. [PMID: 36139887 PMCID: PMC9495315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Data regarding the effects of crude extract of Commelina plants in oral cancer treatment are scarce. This present study aimed to assess the proliferation-modulating effects of the Commelina sp. (MECO) methanol extract on oral cancer cells in culture, Ca9-22, and CAL 27. MECO suppressed viability to a greater extent in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. MECO also induced more annexin V, apoptosis, and caspase signaling for caspases 3/8/9 in oral cancer cells. The preferential antiproliferation and apoptosis were associated with cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress in oral cancer cells. Moreover, MECO also preferentially induced DNA damage in oral cancer cells by elevating γH2AX and 8-hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine. The oxidative stress scavengers N-acetylcysteine or MitoTEMPO reverted these preferential antiproliferation mechanisms. It can be concluded that MECO is a natural product with preferential antiproliferation effects and exhibits an oxidative stress-associated mechanism in oral cancer cells.
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15
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Methanol Extract of Clavularia inflata Exerts Apoptosis and DNA Damage to Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091777. [PMID: 36139851 PMCID: PMC9495492 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiproliferation effects of Clavularia-derived natural products against cancer cells have been reported on, but most studies have focused on identifying bioactive compounds, lacking a detailed investigation of the molecular mechanism. Crude extracts generally exhibit multiple targeting potentials for anticancer effects, but they have rarely been assessed for methanol extracts of Clavularia inflata (MECI). This investigation aims to evaluate the antiproliferation of MECI and to examine several potential mechanisms between oral cancer and normal cells. A 24 h MTS assay demonstrated that MECI decreased cell viability in several oral cancer cell lines more than in normal cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an oxidative stress inhibitor, recovered these antiproliferation effects. Higher oxidative stress was stimulated by MECI in oral cancer cells than in normal cells, as proven by examining reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide. This preferential induction of oxidative stress was partly explained by downregulating more cellular antioxidants, such as glutathione, in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Consequently, the MECI-generated high oxidative stress in oral cancer cells was preferred to trigger more subG1 population, apoptosis expression (annexin V and caspase activation), and DNA damage, reverted by NAC. In conclusion, MECI is a potent marine natural product showing preferential antiproliferation against oral cancer cells.
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16
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Yu TJ, Yen CY, Cheng YB, Yen CH, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. Physapruin A Enhances DNA Damage and Inhibits DNA Repair to Suppress Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168839. [PMID: 36012104 PMCID: PMC9408722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective antiproliferation to oral cancer cells of Physalis peruviana-derived physapruin A (PHA) is rarely reported. Either drug-induced apoptosis and DNA damage or DNA repair suppression may effectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation. This study examined the selective antiproliferation ability of PHA and explored detailed mechanisms of apoptosis, DNA damage, and repair. During an ATP assay, PHA provided high cytotoxicity to two oral cancer cell lines (CAL 27 and Ca9-22) but no cytotoxicity to two non-malignant oral cells (HGF-1 and SG). This selective antiproliferation of PHA was associated with the selective generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oral cancer cells rather than in non-malignant oral cells, as detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, PHA induced other oxidative stresses in oral cancer cells, such as mitochondrial superoxide generation and mitochondrial membrane potential depletion. PHA also demonstrated selective apoptosis in oral cancer cells rather than non-malignant cells in annexin V/7-aminoactinmycin D and caspase 3/7 activity assays. In flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assays, PHA induced γH2AX expressions and increased the γH2AX foci number of DNA damages in oral cancer cells. In contrast, the mRNA expressions for DNA repair signaling, including homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-associated genes, were inhibited by PHA in oral cancer cells. Moreover, the PHA-induced changes were alleviated by the oxidative stress inhibitor N-acetylcysteine. Therefore, PHA generates selective antiproliferation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis associated with DNA damage induction and DNA repair suppression in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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17
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Yang CW, Chien TM, Yen CH, Wu WJ, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Antibladder Cancer Effects of Excavatolide C by Inducing Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080917. [PMID: 35893741 PMCID: PMC9329968 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excavatolide C (EXCC) is a bioactive compound derived from the gorgonian octocoral Briareum excavatum, and its anticancer effects are rarely addressed, particularly for bladder cancer. This investigation aimed to explore the potential impacts of EXCC on inhibiting the proliferation of three kinds of bladder cancer cells (5637, BFTC905, and T24). EXCC inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation based on 48 h ATP assay. This antiproliferation function is validated to be oxidative stress dependent. Cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stresses were upregulated by EXCC, accompanied by depleting glutathione and mitochondrial membrane potential. These antiproliferation and oxidative stress events were suppressed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), indicating that EXCC has an oxidative stress-regulating function for antiproliferation of bladder cancer cells. Oxidative stress-related responses such as apoptosis, caspase activation, and DNA damage were upregulated by EXCC and reverted by NAC. Taken together, the antiproliferation function of EXCC provides a potential treatment against bladder cancer cells via oxidative stress modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-W.Y.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Tsu-Ming Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (T.-M.C.); (W.-J.W.)
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-W.Y.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (T.-M.C.); (W.-J.W.)
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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18
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Wang SC, Yen CY, Shiau JP, Chang MY, Hou MF, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. Synergistic Antiproliferation of Cisplatin and Nitrated [6,6,6]Tricycle Derivative (SK2) for a Combined Treatment of Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050926. [PMID: 35624790 PMCID: PMC9137724 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SK2, a nitrated [6,6,6]tricycle derivative with an n-butyloxy group, showed selective antiproliferation effects on oral cancer but not on normal oral cells. This investigation assessed for the first time the synergistic antiproliferation potential of cisplatin/SK2 in oral cancer cells. Cell viability assay at 24 h showed that a low dose of combined cisplatin/SK2 (10 μM/10 μg/mL) provided more antiproliferation than cisplatin or SK2 alone. Cisplatin/SK2 triggered also more apoptosis inductions in terms of subG1 accumulation, annexin V, pancaspase, and caspase 3/8/9 measurements. Moreover, cisplatin/SK2 provided more oxidative stress and DNA damage in oral cancer cells than independent treatments. Oxidative stress inhibitors rescued the cisplatin/SK2-induced antiproliferation and oxidative stress generation. Moreover, cisplatin/SK2 induced more antiproliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in oral cancer cells than in normal oral cells (S-G). In conclusion, low-dose cisplatin/SK2 combined treatment promoted selective and synergistic antiproliferation in oral cancer cells depending on oxidative-stress-associated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-C.W.); (M.-F.H.)
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-C.W.); (M.-F.H.)
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-C.W.); (M.-F.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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19
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Shiau JP, Chuang YT, Yang KH, Chang FR, Sheu JH, Hou MF, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. Brown Algae-Derived Fucoidan Exerts Oxidative Stress-Dependent Antiproliferation on Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050841. [PMID: 35624705 PMCID: PMC9138104 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a dietary brown algae-derived fucose-rich polysaccharide. However, the anticancer effects of fucoidan for oral cancer treatment remain unclear, particularly in terms of its preferential antiproliferation ability and oxidative-stress-associated responses. This study first evaluated the effects and mechanisms of the preferential antiproliferation of fucoidan between oral cancer and non-malignant oral cells (S–G). In a 48 h MTS assay, fucoidan showed higher antiproliferation in response to five types of oral cancer cells, but not S–G cells, demonstrating preferential antiproliferation of oral cancer cells. Oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) showing high sensitivity to fucoidan were selected to explore the antiproliferation mechanism compared to S–G cells. Fucoidan showed subG1 accumulation and an annexin V increase in apoptosis, accompanied by caspase 8, 9, and 3 activations in oral cancer cells, but not in S–G cells. Fucoidan increased reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide levels and decreased cellular glutathione in oral cancer cells compared with S–G cells. These oxidative stress effects were attributed to the downregulation of antioxidant signaling genes (NRF2, TXN, and HMOX1) in oral cancer cells rather than S–G cells. Fucoidan showed DNA damage-inducible effects (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) in oral cancer cells but not in S–G cells. Accordingly, these preferential changes in oral cancer but not in non-malignant cells contribute to the preferential antiproliferation mechanism of fucoidan. Furthermore, these changes were reverted by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Therefore, for the first time, this study provides a detailed understanding of the preferential antiproliferation effects and mechanisms of fucoidan in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Shiau
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-P.S.); (M.-F.H.)
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-P.S.); (M.-F.H.)
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Translational Regulation by hnRNP H/F Is Essential for the Proliferation and Survival of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051283. [PMID: 35267591 PMCID: PMC8909726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of mRNA translation is a widespread characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM), aggressive malignant brain tumors that are resistant to conventional therapies. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a critical role in translational regulation, yet the mechanisms and impact of these regulations on cancer development, progression and response to therapy remain to be fully understood. Here, we showed that hnRNP H/F RBPs are potent regulators of translation through several mechanisms that converge to modulate the expression and/or the activity of translation initiation factors. Among these, hnRNP H/F regulate the phosphorylation of eIF4E and its translational targets by controlling RNA splicing of the A-Raf kinase mRNA, which in turn modulates the MEK-ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. The underlying mechanism involves RNA G-quadruplex (RG4s), RNA structures whose modulation phenocopies hnRNP H/F translation regulation in GBM cells. Our results highlighted that hnRNP H/F are essential for key functional pathways regulating proliferation and survival of GBM, highlighting its targeting as a promising strategy for improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Antiproliferation- and Apoptosis-Inducible Effects of a Novel Nitrated [6,6,6]Tricycle Derivative (SK2) on Oral Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051576. [PMID: 35268676 PMCID: PMC8911617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzo-fused dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core is the central framework in several natural products. Using this core, we had developed a novel nitrated [6,6,6]tricycle-derived compound containing an n-butyloxy group, namely, SK2. The anticancer potential of SK2 was not assessed. This study aimed to determine the antiproliferative function and investigated possible mechanisms of SK2 acting on oral cancer cells. SK2 preferentially killed oral cancer cells but caused no harmful effect on non-malignant oral cells. After the SK2 exposure of oral cancer cells, cells in the sub-G1 phase accumulated. This apoptosis-like outcome of SK2 treatment was validated to be apoptosis via observing an increasing annexin V population. Mechanistically, apoptosis signalers such as pancaspase, caspases 8, caspase 9, and caspase 3 were activated by SK2 in oral cancer cells. SK2 induced oxidative-stress-associated changes. Furthermore, SK2 caused DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine). In conclusion, a novel nitrated [6,6,6]tricycle-derived compound, SK2, exhibits a preferential antiproliferative effect on oral cancer cells, accompanied by apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.
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22
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Chen YC, Yang CW, Chan TF, Farooqi AA, Chang HS, Yen CH, Huang MY, Chang HW. Cryptocaryone Promotes ROS-Dependent Antiproliferation and Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040641. [PMID: 35203294 PMCID: PMC8870566 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptocaryone (CPC) is a bioactive dihydrochalcone derived from Cryptocarya plants, and its antiproliferation was rarely reported, especially for ovarian cancer (OVCA). This study aimed to examine the regulation ability and mechanism of CPC on three histotypes of OVCA cells (SKOV3, TOV-21G, and TOV-112D). In a 24 h MTS assay, CPC showed antiproliferation effects to OVCA cells, i.e., IC50 values 1.5, 3, and 9.5 μM for TOV-21G, SKOV3, and TOV-112D cells. TOV-21G and SKOV3 cells showed hypersensitivity to CPC when applied for exposure time and concentration experiments. For biological processes, CPC stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and promoted mitochondrial membrane potential dysfunction in TOV-21G and SKOV3 cells. Apoptosis was detected in OVCA cells through subG1 accumulation and annexin V staining. Apoptosis signaling such as caspase 3/7 activities, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and caspase 3 expressions were upregulated by CPC. Specifically, the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic caspase 9 and caspase 8 were overexpressed in OVCA cells following CPC treatment. Moreover, CPC also stimulated DNA damages in terms of γH2AX expression and increased γH2AX foci. CPC also induced 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine DNA damages. These CPC-associated principal biological processes were validated to be oxidative stress-dependent by N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, CPC is a potential anti-OVCA natural product showing oxidative stress-dependent antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damaging functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Che-Wei Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-W.Y.); (H.-S.C.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (T.-F.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-W.Y.); (H.-S.C.); (C.-H.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-W.Y.); (H.-S.C.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (M.-Y.H. & H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (M.-Y.H. & H.-W.C.)
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Liu SL, Yang KH, Yang CW, Lee MY, Chuang YT, Chen YN, Chang FR, Chen CY, Chang HW. Burmannic Acid Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Oxidative Stress Response of Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101588. [PMID: 34679723 PMCID: PMC8533162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burmannic acid (BURA) is a new apocarotenoid bioactive compound derived from Indonesian cinnamon; however, its anticancer effect has rarely been investigated in oral cancer cells. In this investigation, the consequences of the antiproliferation of oral cancer cells effected by BURA were evaluated. BURA selectively suppressed cell proliferation of oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) but showed little cytotoxicity to normal oral cells (HGF-1). In terms of mechanism, BURA perturbed cell cycle distribution, upregulated mitochondrial superoxide, induced mitochondrial depolarization, triggered γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA damage, and induced apoptosis and caspase 3/8/9 activation in oral cancer cells. Application of N-acetylcysteine confirmed oxidative stress as the critical factor in promoting antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ling Liu
- Experimental Forest College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Zhushan Township, Nantou County 55750, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (C.-W.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Che-Wei Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (C.-W.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Min-Yu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Yan-Ning Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (C.-W.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-781-1151 (ext. 6200) (C.-Y.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-781-1151 (ext. 6200) (C.-Y.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Adefegha SA, Saccol RDSP, Jantsch MH, da Silveira KL, Leal DBR. Hesperidin mitigates inflammation and modulates ectoenzymes activity and some cellular processes in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1547-1561. [PMID: 34427673 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at assessing the anti-arthritic effects of hesperidin on the inflammatory markers in serum/plasma, ectoenzymes activity in platelet, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and cell cycle in bone marrow cells of a rat model of arthritis. METHODS Fifty-six adult female Wistar rats (245-274 g) were grouped into eight of seven rats each: control rats given normal saline or 40 mg/kg of hesperidin or 80 mg/kg of hesperidin, 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone, arthritic rats given normal saline, or 40 mg/kg of hesperidin or 80 mg/kg of hesperidin, and 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone. Myeloperoxidase and nitrate plus nitrite levels were evaluated in the plasma and serum, respectively. The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase and ecto-adenosine deaminase activities were assessed in platelets. Subsequently, the cells of the bone marrow were obtained, and the assays for ROS, apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that hesperidin mitigated inflammation, modulated adenosine nucleotides and nucleoside hydrolysing enzymes and levels, minimized ROS intracellularly, attenuated apoptotic process and activated cell cycle arrest in arthritic rat. CONCLUSION This study suggests that hesperidin could be a natural and promising anti-inflammatory compound for the management of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Functional Food and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renata da Silva Pereira Saccol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Matheus Henrique Jantsch
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Karine Lanes da Silveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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25
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Abstract
Cell cycle involves a series of changes that lead to cell growth and division. Cell cycle analysis is crucial to understand cellular responses to changing environmental conditions. Since its inception, flow cytometry has been particularly useful for cell cycle analysis at single cell level due to its speed and precision. Previously, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis relied solely on the measurement of cellular DNA content. Later, methods were developed for multiparametric analysis. This review explains the journey of flow cytometry to understand different molecular and cellular events underlying cell cycle using various protocols. Recent advances in the field that overcome the shortcomings of traditional flow cytometry and expand its scope for cell cycle studies are also discussed.
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26
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Patterson DG, Kania AK, Price MJ, Rose JR, Scharer CD, Boss JM. An IRF4-MYC-mTORC1 Integrated Pathway Controls Cell Growth and the Proliferative Capacity of Activated B Cells during B Cell Differentiation In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1798-1811. [PMID: 34470852 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is an essential component of B cell differentiation to Ab-secreting plasma cells, with critical reprogramming occurring during the initial stages of B cell activation. However, a complete understanding of the factors that coordinate early reprogramming events in vivo remain to be determined. In this study, we examined the initial reprogramming by IRF4 in activated B cells using an adoptive transfer system and mice with a B cell-specific deletion of IRF4. IRF4-deficient B cells responding to influenza, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl-Ficoll, and LPS divided but stalled during the proliferative response. Gene expression profiling of IRF4-deficient B cells at discrete divisions revealed IRF4 was critical for inducing MYC target genes, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. Moreover, IRF4-deficient B cells maintained an inflammatory gene expression signature. Complementary chromatin accessibility analyses established a hierarchy of IRF4 activity and identified networks of dysregulated transcription factor families in IRF4-deficient B cells, including E-box binding bHLH family members. Indeed, B cells lacking IRF4 failed to fully induce Myc after stimulation and displayed aberrant cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, IRF4-deficient B cells showed reduced mTORC1 activity and failed to initiate the B cell activation unfolded protein response and grow in cell size. Myc overexpression in IRF4-deficient cells was sufficient to overcome the cell growth defect. Together, these data reveal an IRF4-MYC-mTORC1 relationship critical for controlling cell growth and the proliferative response during B cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon G Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anna K Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Madeline J Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - James R Rose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and .,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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27
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Shi Y, Castro-Gonzalez S, Chen Y, Serra-Moreno R. Effects of the SUMO Ligase BCA2 on Metabolic Activity, Cell Proliferation, Cell Migration, Cell Cycle, and the Regulation of NF-κB and IRF1 in Different Breast Epithelial Cellular Contexts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:711481. [PMID: 34589482 PMCID: PMC8473798 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer-associated gene 2 (BCA2) is an E3 ubiquitin and SUMO ligase with antiviral properties against HIV. Specifically, BCA2 (i) enhances the restriction imposed by BST2/Tetherin, impeding viral release; (ii) promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of the HIV protein Gag, limiting virion production; (iii) down-regulates NF-κB, which is necessary for HIV RNA synthesis; and (iv) activates the innate transcription factor IRF1. Due to its antiviral properties, ectopic expression of BCA2 in infected cells represents a promising therapeutic approach against HIV infection. However, BCA2 up-regulation is often observed in breast tumors. To date, the studies about BCA2 and cancer development are controversial, stating both pro- and anti-oncogenic roles. Here, we investigated the impact of BCA2 on cellular metabolic activity, cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell cycle progression. In addition, we also examined the ability of BCA2 to regulate NF-κB and IRF1 in transformed and non-tumor breast epithelial environments. Despite the fact that BCA2 promotes the transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle, it did not increase cell proliferation, migration nor metabolic activity. As expected, BCA2 maintains its enzymatic function at inhibiting NF-κB in different breast cancer cell lines. However, the effect of BCA2 on IRF1 differs depending on the cellular context. Specifically, BCA2 activates IRF1 in ER+ breast cell lines while it inhibits this transcription factor in ER– breast cancer cells. We hypothesize that the distinct actions of BCA2 over IRF1 may explain, at least in part, the different proposed roles for BCA2 in these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Shi
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Yuexuan Chen
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ruth Serra-Moreno
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Yang KH, Lin YS, Wang SC, Lee MY, Tang JY, Chang FR, Chuang YT, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Soft Coral-Derived Dihydrosinularin Exhibits Antiproliferative Effects Associated with Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:994. [PMID: 34681218 PMCID: PMC8539362 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrosinularin (DHS) is an analog of soft coral-derived sinularin; however, the anticancer effects and mechanisms of DHS have seldom been reported. This investigation examined the antiproliferation ability and mechanisms of DHS on oral cancer cells. In a cell viability assay, DHS showed growth inhibition against several types of oral cancer cell lines (Ca9-22, SCC-9, OECM-1, CAL 27, OC-2, and HSC-3) with no cytotoxic side effects on non-malignant oral cells (HGF-1). Ca9-22 and SCC-9 cell lines showing high susceptibility to DHS were selected to explore the antiproliferation mechanisms of DHS. DHS also causes apoptosis as detected by annexin V, pancaspase, and caspase 3 activation. DHS induces oxidative stress, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MitoMP) depletion. DHS also induced DNA damage by probing γH2AX phosphorylation. Pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can partly counter these DHS-induced changes. We report that the marine natural product DHS can inhibit the cell growth of oral cancer cells. Exploring the mechanisms of this cancer cell growth inhibition, we demonstrate the prominent role DHS plays in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Min-Yu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Gkikas D, Stellas D, Polissidis A, Manolakou T, Kokotou MG, Kokotos G, Politis PK. Nuclear receptor NR5A2 negatively regulates cell proliferation and tumor growth in nervous system malignancies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015243118. [PMID: 34561301 PMCID: PMC8488649 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015243118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous system malignancies are characterized by rapid progression and poor survival rates. These clinical observations underscore the need for novel therapeutic insights and pharmacological targets. To this end, here, we identify the orphan nuclear receptor NR5A2/LRH1 as a negative regulator of cancer cell proliferation and promising pharmacological target for nervous system-related tumors. In particular, clinical data from publicly available databases suggest that high expression levels of NR5A2 are associated with favorable prognosis in patients with glioblastoma and neuroblastoma tumors. Consistently, we experimentally show that NR5A2 is sufficient to strongly suppress proliferation of both human and mouse glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells without inducing apoptosis. Moreover, short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of the basal expression levels of NR5A2 in glioblastoma cells promotes their cell cycle progression. The antiproliferative effect of NR5A2 is mediated by the transcriptional induction of negative regulators of the cell cycle, CDKN1A (encoding for p21cip1), CDKN1B (encoding for p27kip1) and Prox1 Interestingly, two well-established agonists of NR5A2, dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) and diundecanoyl phosphatidylcholine, are able to mimic the antiproliferative action of NR5A2 in human glioblastoma cells via the induction of the same critical genes. Most importantly, treatment with DLPC inhibits glioblastoma tumor growth in vivo in heterotopic and orthotopic xenograft mouse models. These data indicate a tumor suppressor role of NR5A2 in the nervous system and render this nuclear receptor a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of nervous tissue-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Gkikas
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 265 04, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexia Polissidis
- Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Manolakou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Center of Excellence for Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - George Kokotos
- Center of Excellence for Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece;
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Liu W, Lin LC, Wang PJ, Chen YN, Wang SC, Chuang YT, Tsai IH, Yu SY, Chang FR, Cheng YB, Huang LC, Huang MY, Chang HW. Nepenthes Ethyl Acetate Extract Provides Oxidative Stress-Dependent Anti-Leukemia Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091410. [PMID: 34573042 PMCID: PMC8464713 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several kinds of solvents have been applied to Nepenthes extractions exhibiting antioxidant and anticancer effects. However, they were rarely investigated for Nepenthes ethyl acetate extract (EANT), especially leukemia cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and explore the antiproliferation impact and mechanism of EANT in leukemia cells. Five standard assays demonstrated that EANT exhibits antioxidant capability. In the cell line model, EANT dose-responsively inhibited cell viabilities of three leukemia cell lines (HL-60, K-562, and MOLT-4) based on 24 h MTS assays, which were reverted by pretreating oxidative stress and apoptosis inhibitors (N-acetylcysteine and Z-VAD-FMK). Due to similar sensitivities among the three cell lines, leukemia HL-60 cells were chosen for exploring antiproliferation mechanisms. EANT caused subG1 and G1 cumulations, triggered annexin V-detected apoptosis, activated apoptotic caspase 3/7 activity, and induced poly ADP-ribose polymerase expression. Moreover, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were generated by EANT, which was reverted by N-acetylcysteine. The antioxidant response to oxidative stress showed that EANT upregulated mRNA expressions for nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), catalase (CAT), thioredoxin (TXN), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) genes. Moreover, these oxidative stresses led to DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) and were alleviated by N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, EANT demonstrated oxidative stress-dependent anti-leukemia ability to HL-60 cells associated with apoptosis and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-J.W.); (Y.-N.C.); (S.-C.W.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-C.H.)
| | - Yan-Ning Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-J.W.); (Y.-N.C.); (S.-C.W.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-C.H.)
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-J.W.); (Y.-N.C.); (S.-C.W.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-C.H.)
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-J.W.); (Y.-N.C.); (S.-C.W.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-C.H.)
| | - I-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-J.W.); (Y.-N.C.); (S.-C.W.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-C.H.)
| | - Szu-Yin Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Chen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-J.W.); (Y.-N.C.); (S.-C.W.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-C.H.)
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (M.-Y.H.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Chung Hwa University Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-J.W.); (Y.-N.C.); (S.-C.W.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-C.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (M.-Y.H.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Yang KH, Tang JY, Chen YN, Chuang YT, Tsai IH, Chiu CC, Li LJ, Chien TM, Cheng YB, Chang FR, Yen CY, Chang HW. Nepenthes Extract Induces Selective Killing, Necrosis, and Apoptosis in Oral Cancer Cells. J Pers Med 2021; 11:871. [PMID: 34575651 PMCID: PMC8469227 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl acetate Nepenthes extract (EANT) from Nepenthes thorellii × (ventricosa × maxima) shows antiproliferation and apoptosis but not necrosis in breast cancer cells, but this has not been investigated in oral cancer cells. In the present study, EANT shows no cytotoxicity to normal oral cells but exhibits selective killing to six oral cancer cell lines. They were suppressed by pretreatment of the antioxidant inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC), demonstrating that EANT-induced cell death was mediated by oxidative stress. Concerning high sensitivity to EANT, Ca9-22 and CAL 27 oral cancer cells were chosen for exploring detailed selective killing mechanisms. EANT triggers a mixture of necrosis and apoptosis as determined by annexin V/7-aminoactinmycin D analysis. Still, they show differential switches from necrosis at a low (10 μg/mL) concentration to apoptosis at high (25 μg/mL) concentration of EANT in oral cancer cells. NAC induces necrosis but suppresses annexin V-detected apoptosis in oral cancer cells. Necrostatin 1 (NEC1), a necroptosis inhibitor, moderately suppresses necrosis but induces apoptosis at 10 μg/mL EANT. In contrast, Z-VAD-FMK, a pancaspase inhibitor, slightly causes necrosis but suppresses apoptosis at 10 μg/mL EANT. Furthermore, the flow cytometry-detected pancaspase activity is dose-responsively increased but is suppressed by NAC and ZVAD, although not for NEC1 in oral cancer cells. EANT causes several oxidative stress events such as reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. In response to oxidative stresses, the mRNA for antioxidant signaling, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), and thioredoxin (TXN), are overexpressed in oral cancer cells. Moreover, EANT also triggers DNA damage, as detected by γH2AX and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts. The dependence of oxidative stress is validated by the evidence that NAC pretreatment reverts the changes of cellular and mitochondrial stress and DNA damage. Therefore, EANT exhibits antiproliferation involving an oxidative stress-dependent necrosis/apoptosis switch and DNA damage in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ning Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-J.L.)
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-J.L.)
| | - I-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-J.L.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Jie Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-J.L.)
| | - Tsu-Ming Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (I.-H.T.); (L.-J.L.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Chien TM, Wu KH, Chuang YT, Yeh YC, Wang HR, Yeh BW, Yen CH, Yu TJ, Wu WJ, Chang HW. Withaferin A Triggers Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Bladder Cancer J82 Cells through Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071063. [PMID: 34209212 PMCID: PMC8300680 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA), the Indian ginseng bioactive compound, exhibits an antiproliferation effect on several kinds of cancer, but it was rarely reported in bladder cancer cells. This study aims to assess the anticancer effect and mechanism of WFA in bladder cancer cells. WFA shows antiproliferation to bladder cancer J82 cells based on the finding of the MTS assay. WFA disturbs cell cycle progression associated with subG1 accumulation in J82 cells. Furthermore, WFA triggers apoptosis as determined by flow cytometry assays using annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D and pancaspase detection. Western blotting also supports WFA-induced apoptosis by increasing cleavage of caspases 3, 8, and 9 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase. Mechanistically, WFA triggers oxidative stress-association changes, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and diminishment of the mitochondrial membrane potential, in J82 cells. In response to oxidative stresses, mRNA for antioxidant signaling, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), thioredoxin (TXN), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), are overexpressed in J82 cells. In addition, WFA causes DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damages. Moreover, the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine reverts all tested WFA-modulating effects. In conclusion, WFA possesses anti-bladder cancer effects by inducing antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in an oxidative stress-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Ming Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Han Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-C.Y.); (H.-R.W.)
| | - Yun-Chiao Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-C.Y.); (H.-R.W.)
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-C.Y.); (H.-R.W.)
| | - Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (T.-J.Y.)
| | - Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (T.-J.Y.)
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-J.W.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-320-8212 (W.-J.W.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-C.Y.); (H.-R.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (T.-J.Y.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-J.W.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-320-8212 (W.-J.W.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Otake S, Sasaki T, Shirai T, Tsukiji N, Tamura S, Takano K, Ozaki Y, Suzuki-Inoue K. CLEC-2 stimulates IGF-1 secretion from podoplanin-positive stromal cells and positively regulates erythropoiesis in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1572-1584. [PMID: 33774924 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoiesis is a complex multistep process by which erythrocytes are produced. C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is a podoplanin (PDPN) receptor almost exclusively expressed on the surface of platelets and megakaryocytes. Deletion of megakaryocyte/platelet CLEC-2 was reported to cause anemia along with thrombocytopenia in mice. PDPN-expressing stromal cells in the bone marrow (BM) were also reported to facilitate megakaryocyte expansion and maturation depending on the CLEC-2/PDPN interaction. OBJECTIVES We investigated how specific deletion of CLEC-2 in megakaryocytes/platelets leads to anemia. METHODS We used flow cytometry to analyze maturation of erythroblasts, apoptotic cell death, and cell cycle distribution. CLEC-2 stimulated PDPN-expressing stromal cell-conditioned medium was analyzed by cytokine array and ELISA, and co-cultured with immature erythroblasts. Cytokine levels in serum and BM extracellular fluid were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS We observed increased apoptosis of BM erythroblasts in megakaryocyte/platelet-specific CLEC-2 conditional knockout (Clec1bΔPLT ) mice. Moreover, PDPN-expressing stromal cells in the BM secreted insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) depending on the CLEC-2/PDPN interaction. Pretreatment with IGF-1 receptor inhibitor increased apoptosis rate and decreased the proliferation of erythroblasts in vitro. Furthermore, in Clec1bΔPLT mice, IGF-1 concentrations in serum and BM extracellular fluid were decreased, and IGF-1 replacement in Clec1bΔPLT mice attenuated anemia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IGF-1 secretion from PDPN-expressing stromal cells by CLEC-2 stimulation positively regulates erythroblasts. This novel mechanism of erythropoiesis regulation indicates that a microenvironment consisting of megakaryocytes and PDPN-expressing stromal cells supports erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Otake
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sasaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shirai
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Nagaharu Tsukiji
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Shogo Tamura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takano
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo, Japan
| | | | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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Peng SY, Tang JY, Li RN, Huang HW, Wu CY, Chiu CC, Chang FR, Zhang HW, Lee YJ, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Oxidative Stress-Dependent Synergistic Antiproliferation, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage of Ultraviolet-C and Coral-Derived Sinularin Combined Treatment for Oral Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102450. [PMID: 34070049 PMCID: PMC8158103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment is increasingly used to improve cancer therapy. Non-ionizing radiation ultraviolet-C (UVC) and sinularin, a coral Sinularia flexibilis-derived cembranolide, were separately reported to provide an antiproliferation function to some kinds of cancer cells. However, an antiproliferation function using the combined treatment of UVC/sinularin has not been investigated as yet. This study aimed to examine the combined antiproliferation function and explore the combination of UVC/sinularin in oral cancer cells compared to normal oral cells. Regarding cell viability, UVC/sinularin displays the synergistic and selective killing of two oral cancer cell lines, but remains non-effective for normal oral cell lines compared to treatments in terms of MTS and ATP assays. In tests using the flow cytometry, luminescence, and Western blotting methods, UVC/sinularin-treated oral cancer cells exhibited higher reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial superoxide generation, mitochondrial membrane potential destruction, annexin V, pan-caspase, caspase 3/7, and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expressions than that in normal oral cells. Accordingly, oxidative stress and apoptosis are highly induced in a combined UVC/sinularin treatment. Moreover, UVC/sinularin treatment provides higher G2/M arrest and γH2AX/8-hydroxyl-2'deoxyguanosine-detected DNA damages in oral cancer cells than in the separate treatments. A pretreatment can revert all of these changes of UVC/sinularin treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, UVC/sinularin acting upon oral cancer cells exhibits a synergistic and selective antiproliferation ability involving oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis and cellular DNA damage with low toxic side effects on normal oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- PhD Program in Life Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (R.-N.L.)
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- PhD Program in Life Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (R.-N.L.)
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Jou Lee
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- PhD Program in Life Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (R.-N.L.)
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Reddig A, Voss L, Guttek K, Roggenbuck D, Feist E, Reinhold D. Impact of Different JAK Inhibitors and Methotrexate on Lymphocyte Proliferation and DNA Damage. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071431. [PMID: 33916057 PMCID: PMC8036268 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) represent a new strategy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy. Still, data directly comparing different JAKis are rare. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the immunomodulatory potential of four JAKis (tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib) currently approved for RA treatment by the European Medicines Agency. Increasing concentrations of JAKi or methotrexate, conventionally used in RA therapy, were either added to freshly mitogen-stimulated or preactivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), isolated from healthy volunteers. A comparable, dose-dependent inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation was observed in samples treated with tofacitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib, while dosage of filgotinib had to be two orders of magnitude higher. In contrast, antiproliferative effects were strongly attenuated when JAKi were added to preactivated PBMCs. High dosage of upadacitinib and filgotinib also affected cell viability. Further, analyses of DNA double-strand break markers γH2AX and 53BP1 indicated an enhanced level of DNA damage in cells incubated with high concentrations of filgotinib and a dose-dependent reduction in clearance of radiation-induced γH2AX foci in the presence of tofacitinib or baricitinib. Thereby, our study demonstrated a broad comparability of immunomodulatory effects induced by different JAKi and provided first indications, that (pan)JAKi may impair DNA damage repair in irradiated PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Reddig
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-67-17842
| | - Linda Voss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Karina Guttek
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Eugen Feist
- Helios-Department of Rheumatology, Cooperation Partner of the Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39245 Vogelsang-Gommern, Germany;
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (D.R.)
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Gómez-González E, Caro C, Martínez-Gutiérrez D, García-Martín ML, Ocaña M, Becerro AI. Holmium phosphate nanoparticles as negative contrast agents for high-field magnetic resonance imaging: Synthesis, magnetic relaxivity study and in vivo evaluation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:131-140. [PMID: 33360885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of high magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners demands new contrast agents, since those used in low field instruments are not effective at high fields. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a negative MRI contrast agent consisting of HoPO4 nanoparticles (NPs). Three different sizes (27 nm, 48 nm and 80 nm) of cube-shaped NPs were obtained by homogeneous precipitation in polyol medium and then coated with poly(acrylic) acid (PAA) to obtain stable colloidal suspensions of HoPO4@PAA NPs in physiological medium (PBS). The transverse relaxivity (r2) of aqueous suspensions of the resulting NPs was evaluated at both 1.44 T and 9.4 T. A positive correlation between r2 values and field strength as well as between r2 values and particle size at both magnetic field strengths was found although this correlation failed for the biggest NPs at 9.4 T, likely due to certain particles aggregation inside the magnet. The highest r2 value (489.91 mM-1s-1) was found for the 48 nm NPs at 9.4 T. Toxicity studies demonstrated that the latter NPs exhibited low toxicity to living systems. Finally, in vivo studies demonstrated that HoPO4@PAA NPs could be a great platform for next-generation T2-weighted MRI contrast agents at high magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Gómez-González
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), c/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Caro
- BIONAND, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga) and CIBER-BBN, Málaga 29590, Spain
| | - Diego Martínez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), c/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - María L García-Martín
- BIONAND, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga) and CIBER-BBN, Málaga 29590, Spain
| | - Manuel Ocaña
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), c/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Becerro
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), c/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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Involvement of GPx-3 in the Reciprocal Control of Redox Metabolism in the Leukemic Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228584. [PMID: 33202543 PMCID: PMC7696155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development and progression of leukemia (AML). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the regulation of the biology of leukemia-initiating cells, where the antioxidant enzyme GPx-3 could be involved as a determinant of cellular self-renewal. Little is known however about the role of the microenvironment in the control of the oxidative metabolism of AML cells. In the present study, a coculture model of BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and AML cells (KG1a cell-line and primary BM blasts) was used to explore this metabolic pathway. MSC-contact, rather than culture with MSC-conditioned medium, decreases ROS levels and inhibits the Nrf-2 pathway through overexpression of GPx3 in AML cells. The decrease of ROS levels also inactivates p38MAPK and reduces the proliferation of AML cells. Conversely, contact with AML cells modifies MSCs in that they display an increased oxidative stress and Nrf-2 activation, together with a concomitant lowered expression of GPx-3. Altogether, these experiments suggest that a reciprocal control of oxidative metabolism is initiated by direct cell–cell contact between MSCs and AML cells. GPx-3 expression appears to play a crucial role in this cross-talk and could be involved in the regulation of leukemogenesis.
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Peng SY, Wang YY, Lan TH, Lin LC, Yuan SSF, Tang JY, Chang HW. Low Dose Combined Treatment with Ultraviolet-C and Withaferin a Enhances Selective Killing of Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111120. [PMID: 33202766 PMCID: PMC7697686 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA), a Withania somnifera-derived triterpenoid, is an anticancer natural product. The anticancer effect of nonionizing radiation such as ultraviolet-C (UVC) as well as the combined treatment of UVC and WFA is rarely investigated. Low dose UVC and/or WFA treatments (12 J/m2 and/or 1 μM) were chosen to evaluate antioral cancer cell line effects by examining cytotoxicity, cell cycle disruption, apoptosis induction, and DNA damage. For two cancer cell lines (Ca9-22 and HSC-3), single treatment (UVC or WFA) showed about 80% viability, while a combined treatment of UVC/WFA showed about 40% viability. In contrast, there was noncytotoxicity to normal oral cell lines (HGF-1). Compared to single treatment and control, low dose UVC/WFA shows high inductions of apoptosis in terms of flow cytometric detections for subG1, annexin V, pancaspase changes as well as Western blotting for detecting cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP) and caspase 3 (c-Cas 3) and luciferase assay for detecting Cas 3/7 activity. Low dose UVC/WFA also showed high inductions of oxidative stress and DNA damage in terms of flow cytometric detections of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) generation, and membrane potential (MitoMP) destruction, γH2AX and 8-oxo-2’deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) types of DNA damages. For comparison, low dose UVC/WFA show rare inductions of annexin V, Cas 3/7 activity, ROS, MitoSOX, and MitoMP changes to normal oral HGF-1 cells. Therefore, low dose UVC/WFA provides a novel selectively killing mechanism to oral cancer cells, suggesting that WFA is a UVC sensitizer to inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsun Lan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.)
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Peng SY, Lin LC, Yang ZW, Chang FR, Cheng YB, Tang JY, Chang HW. Combined Treatment with Low Cytotoxic Ethyl Acetate Nepenthes Extract and Ultraviolet-C Improves Antiproliferation to Oral Cancer Cells via Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090876. [PMID: 32948007 PMCID: PMC7555961 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation provides an alternative radiotherapy to X-ray. UVC sensitizer from natural products may improve radiotherapy at low cytotoxic side effects. The aim of this study is to assess the regulation for oral cancer cell proliferation by a combined treatment of UVC and our previously reported anti-oral cancer natural product (ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii × clipeata; EANA). The detailed possible UVC sensitizing mechanisms of EANA such as effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage are investigated individually and in combination using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTS) assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting at low dose conditions. In a 24 h MTS assay, the low dose EANA (5 μg/mL) and low dose UVC (12 J/m2) individually show 80% and combinedly 57% cell proliferation in oral cancer Ca9-22 cells; but no cytotoxicity to normal oral HGF-1 cells. Mechanistically, low dose EANA and low dose UVC individually induce apoptosis (subG1 accumulation, pancaspase activation, and caspases 3, 8, 9), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial membrane potential depletion), and DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine). Moreover, the combined treatment (UVC/EANA) synergistically induces these changes. Combined low dose treatment-induced antiproliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were suppressed by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, UVC/EANA shows synergistic antiproliferation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage to oral cancer cells in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. With the selective killing properties of low dose EANA and low dose UVC, EANA provides a novel UVC sensitizing agent to improve the anti-oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Wei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-B.C.)
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-B.C.)
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Combined Treatment of Sulfonyl Chromen-4-Ones (CHW09) and Ultraviolet-C (UVC) Enhances Proliferation Inhibition, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and DNA Damage against Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176443. [PMID: 32899415 PMCID: PMC7504536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitizing effect of chromone-derived compounds on UVC-induced proliferation inhibition has not been comprehensively investigated so far. The subject of this study was to examine the proliferation change of oral cancer cells while using the combined treatment of UVC (254 nm) with our previously developed sulfonyl chromen-4-ones (CHW09), namely UVC/CHW09. Cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage for the individual and combined treatments for UVC and/or CHW09 were examined in oral cancer Ca9-22 cells. In 24 h MTS assay, UVC (30 J/m2; UVC30), or CHW09 (25 and 50 µg/mL; namely, CHW09-25 and CHW09-50) show 54%, 59%, and 45% viability. The combined treatment (UVC30/CHW09-25 and UVC30/CHW09-50) show lower cell viability (45% and 35%). Mechanistically, UVC/CHW09 induced higher apoptosis than individual treatments and untreated control, which were supported by the evidence of flow cytometry for subG1, annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D, pancaspase and caspases 3/7 activity, and western blotting for cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, this cleaved PARP expression was downregulated by pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. UVC/CHW09 showed higher oxidative stress than individual treatments and untreated control in terms of flow cytometry for reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial mass. Furthermore, UVC/CHW09 showed higher DNA damage than individual treatments and untreated control in terms of flow cytometry for H2A histone family member X and 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine. In conclusion, combined treatment UVC/CHW09 suppresses proliferation, and promotes apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells, providing a novel application of sulfonyl chromen-4-ones in order to sensitize UVC induced proliferation inhibition for oral cancer therapy.
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Methanol Extract of Usnea barbata Induces Cell Killing, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage against Oral Cancer Cells through Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080694. [PMID: 32756347 PMCID: PMC7465944 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some lichens provide the resources of common traditional medicines and show anticancer effects. However, the anticancer effect of Usnproliea barbata (U. barbata) is rarely investigated, especially for oral cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell killing function of methanol extracts of U. barbata (MEUB) against oral cancer cells. MEUB shows preferential killing against a number of oral cancer cell lines (Ca9-22, OECM-1, CAL 27, HSC3, and SCC9) but rarely affects normal oral cell lines (HGF-1). Ca9-22 and OECM-1 cells display the highest sensitivity to MEUB and were chosen for concentration effect and time course experiments to address its cytotoxic mechanisms. MEUB induces apoptosis of oral cancer cells in terms of the findings from flow cytometric assays and Western blotting, such as subG1 accumulation, annexin V detection, and pancaspase activation as well as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. MEUB induces oxidative stress and DNA damage of oral cancer cells following flow cytometric assays, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depletion as well as overexpression of γH2AX and 8-oxo-2'deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). All MEUB-induced changes in oral cancer cells were triggered by oxidative stress which was validated by pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In conclusion, MEUB causes preferential killing of oral cancer cells and is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage.
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Hu L, Li B, Chen G, Song D, Xu Z, Gao L, Xi M, Zhou J, Li L, Zhang H, Feng Q, Wang Y, Lu K, Lu Y, Bu W, Wang H, Wu X, Zhu W, Shi J. A novel M phase blocker, DCZ3301 enhances the sensitivity of bortezomib in resistant multiple myeloma through DNA damage and mitotic catastrophe. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:105. [PMID: 32517809 PMCID: PMC7285565 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background DCZ3301, a novel aryl-guanidino compound previously reported by our group, exerts cytotoxic effects against multiple myeloma (MM), diffused large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. However, the underlying mechanism of its action remains unknown. Methods We generated bortezomib (BTZ)-resistant cell lines, treated them with various concentrations of DCZ3301 over varying periods, and studied its effect on colony formation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA synthesis, and DNA damage response. We validated our results using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Results DCZ3301 overcame bortezomib (BTZ) resistance through regulation of the G2/M checkpoint in multiple myeloma (MM) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treatment of BTZ-resistant cells with DCZ3301 restored their drug sensitivity. DCZ3301 induced M phase cell cycle arrest in MM mainly via inhibiting DNA repair and enhancing DNA damage. Moreover, DCZ3301 promoted the phosphorylation of ATM, ATR, and their downstream proteins, and these responses were blocked by the ATM specific inhibitor KU55933. Conclusions Our study provides a proof-of-concept that warrants the clinical evaluation of DCZ3301 as a novel anti-tumor compound against BTZ resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangning Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gege Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Mengyu Xi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qilin Feng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yumeng Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wenxuan Bu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Houcai Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Azmanova M, Pitto-Barry A, Cooper PA, Shnyder SD, Barry NPE. Preclinical Anticancer Activity of an Electron-Deficient Organoruthenium(II) Complex. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:982-987. [PMID: 32237195 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds have been shown to be promising alternatives to platinum(II) drugs. However, their clinical success depends on achieving mechanisms of action that overcome Pt-resistance mechanisms. Electron-deficient organoruthenium complexes are an understudied class of compounds that exhibit unusual reactivity in solution and might offer novel anticancer mechanisms of action. Here, we evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of the electron-deficient organoruthenium complex [(p-cymene)Ru(maleonitriledithiolate)]. This compound is found to be highly cytotoxic: 5 to 60 times more potent than cisplatin towards ovarian (A2780 and A2780cisR), colon (HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/-), and non-small cell lung H460 cancer cell lines. It shows no cross-resistance and is equally cytotoxic to both A2780 and A2780cisR cell lines. Furthermore, unlike cisplatin, the remarkable in vitro antiproliferative activity of this compound appears to be p53-independent. In vivo evaluation in the hollow-fibre assay across a panel of cancer cell types and subcutaneous H460 non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model hints at the activity of the complex. Although the impressive in vitro data are not fully corroborated by the in vivo follow-up, this work is the first preclinical study of electron-deficient half-sandwich complexes and highlights their promise as anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Azmanova
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Patricia A Cooper
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Nicolas P E Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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Brachet-Botineau M, Deynoux M, Vallet N, Polomski M, Juen L, Hérault O, Mazurier F, Viaud-Massuard MC, Prié G, Gouilleux F. A Novel Inhibitor of STAT5 Signaling Overcomes Chemotherapy Resistance in Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122043. [PMID: 31861239 PMCID: PMC6966442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5A and 5B (STAT5A and STAT5B) are crucial downstream effectors of tyrosine kinase oncogenes (TKO) such as BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and FLT3-ITD in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Both proteins have been shown to promote the resistance of CML cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as imatinib mesylate (IM). We recently synthesized and discovered a new inhibitor (17f) with promising antileukemic activity. 17f selectively inhibits STAT5 signaling in CML and AML cells by interfering with the phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of these proteins. In this study, the effects of 17f were evaluated on CML and AML cell lines that respectively acquired resistance to IM and cytarabine (Ara-C), a conventional therapeutic agent used in AML treatment. We showed that 17f strongly inhibits the growth and survival of resistant CML and AML cells when associated with IM or Ara-C. We also obtained evidence that 17f inhibits STAT5B but not STAT5A protein expression in resistant CML and AML cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 17f also targets oncogenic STAT5B N642H mutant in transformed hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brachet-Botineau
- LNOx, GICC, CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.B.-B.); (M.D.); (N.V.); (O.H.); (F.M.)
| | - Margaux Deynoux
- LNOx, GICC, CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.B.-B.); (M.D.); (N.V.); (O.H.); (F.M.)
| | - Nicolas Vallet
- LNOx, GICC, CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.B.-B.); (M.D.); (N.V.); (O.H.); (F.M.)
- Service d’Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Marion Polomski
- IMT, GICC, EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Ludovic Juen
- IMT, GICC, EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Olivier Hérault
- LNOx, GICC, CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.B.-B.); (M.D.); (N.V.); (O.H.); (F.M.)
- Service d’Hematologie Biologique, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Mazurier
- LNOx, GICC, CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.B.-B.); (M.D.); (N.V.); (O.H.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Gildas Prié
- IMT, GICC, EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- LNOx, GICC, CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.B.-B.); (M.D.); (N.V.); (O.H.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(2)-47-36-62-91
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45
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Pang J, Urao N, Koh TJ. Proliferation of Ly6C+ monocytes/macrophages contributes to their accumulation in mouse skin wounds. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:551-560. [PMID: 31777992 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi1119-389rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages (Mo/MΦ) play critical roles in all phases of skin wound healing. The majority of these cells are thought to be recruited from blood Mo; however, the role local proliferation of Mo/MΦ in the wound has not been defined. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that local proliferation of Mo and/or MΦ contributes to their accumulation during wound healing. Male C57Bl/6 mice (N = 4-9/group) were subjected to excisional skin wounding. Proliferating Mo/MΦ (F4/80+Ki67+) were observed in wound cryosections, peaking on day 5 post-wounding. Cell cycle analysis on cells isolated from skin tissue revealed that wounding increased both the number and percentage of inflammatory Ly6C+F4/80lo/- Mo/MΦ in the S/G2/M phases, peaking on day 6 post-wounding. In contrast, more mature Ly6C-F4/80+ cells were found predominantly in the G0 phase with less than 1% cells in S/G2/M phase following injury. In peripheral blood, Mo were very rarely found in the S/G2/M phase, suggesting that the wound environment triggered the Ly6C+F4/80lo/- Mo proliferative response. Furthermore, injury induced several potential regulators of proliferation in wounds, including IL-1β and IL-6, and wound Mo/MΦ expressed surface receptors for these cytokines. However, wound Mo/MΦ proliferation was not altered in IL-1R1 knockout (KO) or IL-6 KO mice. In summary, our findings indicate that proliferation contributes to Mo/MΦ accumulation in wounds and, contrary to findings in other pathophysiologic conditions, Ly6C+/F4/80lo/- Mo/MΦ proliferate during skin wound healing whereas mature Ly6C-F4/80+ MΦ do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Pang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Norifumi Urao
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kouzi F, Zibara K, Bourgeais J, Picou F, Gallay N, Brossaud J, Dakik H, Roux B, Hamard S, Le Nail LR, Hleihel R, Foucault A, Ravalet N, Rouleux-Bonnin F, Gouilleux F, Mazurier F, Bene MC, Akl H, Gyan E, Domenech J, El-Sabban M, Herault O. Disruption of gap junctions attenuates acute myeloid leukemia chemoresistance induced by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Oncogene 2019; 39:1198-1212. [PMID: 31649334 PMCID: PMC7002301 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche impacts the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by favoring the chemoresistance of AML cells. Intimate interactions between leukemic cells and BM mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) play key roles in this process. Direct intercellular communications between hematopoietic cells and BM-MSCs involve connexins, components of gap junctions. We postulated that blocking gap junction assembly could modify cell–cell interactions in the leukemic niche and consequently the chemoresistance. The comparison of BM-MSCs from AML patients and healthy donors revealed a specific profile of connexins in BM-MSCs of the leukemic niche and the effects of carbenoxolone (CBX), a gap junction disruptor, were evaluated on AML cells. CBX presents an antileukemic effect without affecting normal BM-CD34+ progenitor cells. The proapoptotic effect of CBX on AML cells is in line with the extinction of energy metabolism. CBX acts synergistically with cytarabine (Ara-C) in vitro and in vivo. Coculture experiments of AML cells with BM-MSCs revealed that CBX neutralizes the protective effect of the niche against the Ara-C-induced apoptosis of leukemic cells. Altogether, these results suggest that CBX could be of therapeutic interest to reduce the chemoresistance favored by the leukemic niche, by targeting gap junctions, without affecting normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Kouzi
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France.,PRASE, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jerome Bourgeais
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Frederic Picou
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Gallay
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Julie Brossaud
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Hassan Dakik
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
| | - Benjamin Roux
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Sophie Hamard
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
| | | | - Rita Hleihel
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amelie Foucault
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Noemie Ravalet
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Florence Rouleux-Bonnin
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
| | - Frederic Mazurier
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
| | - Marie C Bene
- Department of Biological Hematology, Nantes University Hospital, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Haidar Akl
- PRASE, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emmanuel Gyan
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France.,Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Jorge Domenech
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Olivier Herault
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France. .,EA7501 GICC, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France. .,Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France.
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47
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Azmanova M, Soldevila-Barreda J, Bani Hani H, Lord RM, Pitto-Barry A, Picksley SM, Barry NPE. Anticancer Activity of Electron-Deficient Metal Complexes against Colorectal Cancer in vitro Models. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1887-1893. [PMID: 31545555 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of nine electron-deficient half-sandwich metal complexes towards two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 p53+/+, HCT116 p53-/-) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) is presented herein. Three complexes were found to be equally cytotoxic towards both colorectal cancer cell lines, suggesting a p53-independent mechanism of action. These complexes are 12 to 34× more potent than cisplatin against HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- cells. Furthermore, they were found to exhibit little or no cytotoxicity towards PNT2 normal cells, with selectivity ratios greater than 50. To gain an insight into the potential mechanisms of action of the most active compounds, their effects on the expression levels of a panel of genes were measured using qRT-PCR against treated HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- cells, and cell-cycle analysis was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azmanova
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Joan Soldevila-Barreda
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Hira Bani Hani
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Rianne M Lord
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Steven M Picksley
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Nicolas P E Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
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48
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Wang HR, Tang JY, Wang YY, Farooqi AA, Yen CY, Yuan SSF, Huang HW, Chang HW. Manoalide Preferentially Provides Antiproliferation of Oral Cancer Cells by Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and DNA Damage. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091303. [PMID: 31487907 PMCID: PMC6770486 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponge-derived manoalide has a potent anti-inflammatory effect, but its potential application as an anti-cancer drug has not yet been extensively investigated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of manoalide on oral cancer cells. MTS assay at 24 h showed that manoalide inhibited the proliferation of six types of oral cancer cell lines (SCC9, HSC3, OC2, OECM-1, Ca9-22, and CAL 27) but did not affect the proliferation of normal oral cell line (human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1)). Manoalide also inhibits the ATP production from 3D sphere formation of Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cells. Mechanically, manoalide induces subG1 accumulation in oral cancer cells. Manoalide also induces more annexin V expression in oral cancer Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cells than that of HGF-1 cells. Manoalide induces activation of caspase 3 (Cas 3), which is a hallmark of apoptosis in oral cancer cells, Ca9-22 and CAL 27. Inhibitors of Cas 8 and Cas 9 suppress manoalide-induced Cas 3 activation. Manoalide induces higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions in Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cells than in HGF-1 cells. This oxidative stress induction by manoalide is further supported by mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MitoMP) destruction in oral cancer cells. Subsequently, manoalide-induced oxidative stress leads to DNA damages, such as γH2AX and 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), in oral cancer cells. Effects, such as enhanced antiproliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, in manoalide-treated oral cancer cells were suppressed by inhibitors of oxidative stress or apoptosis, or both, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Z-VAD-FMK (Z-VAD). Moreover, mitochondria-targeted superoxide inhibitor MitoTEMPO suppresses manoalide-induced MitoSOX generation and γH2AX/8-oxodG DNA damages. This study validates the preferential antiproliferation effect of manoalide and explores the oxidative stress-dependent mechanisms in anti-oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ru Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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49
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Ethyl Acetate Extract of Nepenthes ventricosa x maxima Exerts Preferential Killing to Oral Cancer Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:763-772. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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50
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Tang JY, Peng SY, Cheng YB, Wang CL, Farooqi AA, Yu TJ, Hou MF, Wang SC, Yen CH, Chan LP, Ou-Yang F, Chang HW. Ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii x clipeata induces antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells through oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:891-901. [PMID: 31157515 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nepenthes plants are regarded as a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine for several diseases but its anticancer activity remain unclear. The subject of this study is to evaluate the antiproliferation effects on oral cancer cells by Nepenthes plants using ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii x clipeata (EANA). Cell viability was detected using MTS assay. Its detailed mechanisms including cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were explored by flow cytometry or western blotting. For 24 hours EANA treatment, five kinds of oral cancer cells (CAL 27, Ca9-22, OECM-1, HSC-3, and SCC9) show IC50 values of cell viability ranging from 8 to 17 μg/mL but the viability of normal oral cells (HGF-1) remains over 80%. Subsequently, CAL 27 and Ca9-22 cells with high sensitivity to EANA were chosen to investigate the detailed mechanism. EANA displays the time course and concentration effects for inducing apoptosis based on flow cytometry (subG1 and annexin V analyses) and western blotting [cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP)]. Oxidative stress and DNA damage were induced by EANA treatments in oral cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, mitochondrial superoxide, and γH2AX. All these changes of EANA treatments in oral cancer cells were reverted by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine pretreatment. Therefore, EANA induces preferential killing, apoptosis, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells through oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Peng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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