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Gachon F, Bugianesi E, Castelnuovo G, Oster H, Pendergast JS, Montagnese S. Potential bidirectional communication between the liver and the central circadian clock in MASLD. NPJ METABOLIC HEALTH AND DISEASE 2025; 3:15. [PMID: 40225783 PMCID: PMC11981938 DOI: 10.1038/s44324-025-00058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025]
Abstract
Most aspects of physiology and behaviour fluctuate every 24 h in mammals. These circadian rhythms are orchestrated by an autonomous central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei that coordinates the timing of cellular clocks in tissues throughout the body. The critical role of this circadian system is emphasized by increasing evidence associating disruption of circadian rhythms with diverse pathologies. Accordingly, mounting evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship where disruption of rhythms by circadian misalignment may contribute to liver diseases while liver diseases alter the central clock and circadian rhythms in other tissues. Therefore, liver pathophysiology may broadly impact the circadian system and may provide a mechanistic framework for understanding and targeting metabolic diseases and adjust metabolic setpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Sara Montagnese
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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2
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Xu P, Morishige JI, Jing Z, Nagata N, Shi Y, Iba T, Daikoku T, Ono M, Maida Y, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H, Ando H. Exenatide administration time-dependently affects the hepatic circadian clock through glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the central nervous system. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 230:116567. [PMID: 39369911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that disruption of the circadian clock contributes to the development of lifestyle-related diseases. We have previously shown that exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, can strongly affect the molecular clocks in the peripheral tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effects of its dosing time and the central nervous system-specific GLP-1 receptor knockdown (GLP1RKD) on the hepatic clock in mice treated with exenatide. Male C57BL/6J and GLP1RKD mice were housed under a 12-h/12-h light/dark cycle, and feeding was restricted to either the light period (L-TRF) or the first 4 h in the dark period (D-TRF). In parallel, exenatide was administered 4-5 times, once daily either at the beginning of the dark (ZT 12) or light period (ZT 0), and we assessed the mRNA expression rhythms of clock genes in the liver thereafter. Exenatide administration at ZT 12 counteracted the phase shift effect of the L-TRF on the hepatic clock of wild-type mice, whereas the dosing at ZT 0 enhanced its effect. However, exenatide did not influence the phase of the hepatic clock under D-TRF regardless of the dosing time. The effect of exenatide in wild-type mice weakened in GLP1RKD mice. These results showed that exenatide dosing time-dependently affects the hepatic circadian clock through the central GLP-1 system. Exenatide administration at the beginning of the active period (i.e., in the morning for humans) might prevent disruption of the peripheral clocks caused by irregular eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Morishige
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Zheng Jing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yifan Shi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iba
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Human Life Environments, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Ochi Yume Clinic Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Grosjean E, Simonneaux V, Challet E. Reciprocal Interactions between Circadian Clocks, Food Intake, and Energy Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040539. [PMID: 37106739 PMCID: PMC10136292 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Like other biological functions, food intake and energy metabolism display daily rhythms controlled by the circadian timing system that comprises a main circadian clock and numerous secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues. Each secondary circadian clock delivers local temporal cues based on intracellular transcriptional and translational feedback loops that are tightly interconnected to intracellular nutrient-sensing pathways. Genetic impairment of molecular clocks and alteration in the rhythmic synchronizing cues, such as ambient light at night or mistimed meals, lead to circadian disruption that, in turn, negatively impacts metabolic health. Not all circadian clocks are sensitive to the same synchronizing signals. The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus is mostly synchronized by ambient light and, to a lesser extent, by behavioral cues coupled to arousal and exercise. Secondary clocks are generally phase-shifted by timed metabolic cues associated with feeding, exercise, and changes in temperature. Furthermore, both the master and secondary clocks are modulated by calorie restriction and high-fat feeding. Taking into account the regularity of daily meals, the duration of eating periods, chronotype, and sex, chrononutritional strategies may be useful for improving the robustness of daily rhythmicity and maintaining or even restoring the appropriate energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Grosjean
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Chan K, Wong FS, Pearson JA. Circadian rhythms and pancreas physiology: A review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:920261. [PMID: 36034454 PMCID: PMC9399605 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.920261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome are becoming more prevalent worldwide and will present an increasingly challenging burden on healthcare systems. These interlinked metabolic abnormalities predispose affected individuals to a plethora of complications and comorbidities. Furthermore, diabetes is estimated by the World Health Organization to have caused 1.5 million deaths in 2019, with this figure projected to rise in coming years. This highlights the need for further research into the management of metabolic diseases and their complications. Studies on circadian rhythms, referring to physiological and behavioral changes which repeat approximately every 24 hours, may provide important insight into managing metabolic disease. Epidemiological studies show that populations who are at risk of circadian disruption such as night shift workers and regular long-haul flyers are also at an elevated risk of metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and obesity. Aberrant expression of circadian genes appears to contribute to the dysregulation of metabolic functions such as insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. The potential clinical implications of these findings have been highlighted in animal studies and pilot studies in humans giving rise to the development of circadian interventions strategies including chronotherapy (time-specific therapy), time-restricted feeding, and circadian molecule stabilizers/analogues. Research into these areas will provide insights into the future of circadian medicine in metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the physiology of metabolism and the role of circadian timing in regulating these metabolic functions. Also, we review the clinical aspects of circadian physiology and the impact that ongoing and future research may have on the management of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Chan
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - F. Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James Alexander Pearson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Chronic Treatment with Metformin Has No Disrupting Effect on the Hepatic Circadian Clock in Mice. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020293. [PMID: 35208616 PMCID: PMC8875024 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The antidiabetic agent metformin is known to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in various tissues. Because AMPK can modulate intracellular circadian clocks through regulating the stability of clock components, a single dose of metformin has been reported to affect circadian clocks in the peripheral tissues. In this study, therefore, we investigated whether chronic treatment with metformin causes the impairment of circadian clocks, especially if given at an inappropriate time. Materials and Methods: Non-diabetic C57BL/6J mice were allowed access to food only during 4 h at the beginning of the dark period, and repeatedly i.p. injected with a nearly maximum non-toxic dose of metformin, once daily either at 4 h after the beginning of the dark period or at the beginning of the light period. Diabetic ob/ob mice were given free access to food and treated with metformin in drinking water. Results: Under the controlled feeding regimen, 8-day treatment with metformin did not alter the mRNA expression rhythms of clock genes in both liver and adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice, regardless of dosing time. In addition, chronic treatment with metformin for 2 weeks affected hepatic AMPK activation rhythm but did not disrupt the circadian clocks in the liver and adipose tissues of the ob/ob mice. Conclusions: These results mitigate concerns that treatment with metformin impairs peripheral circadian clocks, although confirmation is needed in humans.
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Abstract
Many molecular, physiological and behavioural processes display distinct 24-hour rhythms that are directed by the circadian system. The master clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus region of the hypothalamus, is synchronized or entrained by the light-dark cycle and, in turn, synchronizes clocks present in peripheral tissues and organs. Other environmental cues, most importantly feeding time, also synchronize peripheral clocks. In this way, the circadian system can prepare the body for predictable environmental changes such as the availability of nutrients during the normal feeding period. This Review summarizes existing knowledge about the diurnal regulation of gastrointestinal processes by circadian clocks present in the digestive tract and its accessory organs. The circadian control of gastrointestinal digestion, motility, hormones and barrier function as well as of the gut microbiota are discussed. An overview is given of the interplay between different circadian clocks in the digestive system that regulate glucose homeostasis and lipid and bile acid metabolism. Additionally, the bidirectional interaction between the master clock and peripheral clocks in the digestive system, encompassing different entraining factors, is described. Finally, the possible behavioural adjustments or pharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of the adverse effects of chronodisruption are outlined.
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Finger A, Kramer A. Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13548. [PMID: 32846050 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Humans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes and drives rhythmic biological functions, as well as behavioural outputs with an approximately 24-hour period. In mammals, body clocks are hierarchically organized, encompassing a so-called pacemaker clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), non-SCN brain and peripheral clocks, as well as cell-autonomous oscillators within virtually every cell type. A functional clock machinery on the molecular level, alignment among body clocks, as well as synchronization between endogenous circadian and exogenous environmental cycles has been shown to be crucial for our health and well-being. Yet, modern life constantly poses widespread challenges to our internal clocks, for example artificial lighting, shift work and trans-meridian travel, potentially leading to circadian disruption or misalignment and the emergence of associated diseases. For instance many of us experience a mismatch between sleep timing on work and free days (social jetlag) in our everyday lives without being aware of health consequences that may arise from such chronic circadian misalignment, Hence, this review provides an overview of the organization and molecular built-up of the mammalian circadian system, its interactions with the outside world, as well as pathologies arising from circadian disruption and misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
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Hironao KY, Mitsuhashi Y, Huang S, Oike H, Ashida H, Yamashita Y. Cacao polyphenols regulate the circadian clock gene expression and through glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:53-60. [PMID: 32801469 PMCID: PMC7417799 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism and circadian rhythms are closely related together, i.e., the timing of nutrient intake affects metabolism under the regulation of circadian rhythms. Previously, we have reported that cacao liquor procyanidin (CLPr) promotes energy metabolism, resulting in preventing obesity and hyperglycemia. However, it is not unclear whether CLPr regulates clock gene expression. In this study, we investigated whether the administration timing of CLPr affected clock gene expression and found that CLPr regulated the circadian clock gene expression through the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signaling pathway. CLPr administration at Zeitgeber time 3 increased the expression level of Per family and Dbp in the liver. At the same administration timing, CLPr increased GLP-1 and insulin concentration in the plasma and phosphorylation of AMPK in the liver. It was noteworthy that an antagonist for GLP-1 receptor Exendin (9-39) canceled CLPr-increased expression of Per family and Dbp and phosphorylation of AMPK in the liver, in addition to insulin secretion. These results strongly suggest that CLPr-induced GLP-1 regulates the changes in clock gene expression in the liver through increased insulin. Thus, CLPr is a possible functional food material for prevention and/or amelioration of metabolic disorders through preventing circadian disruption through GLP-1 and AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Yu Hironao
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Mitsuhashi
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shujiao Huang
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oike
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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9
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Zhang S, Dai M, Wang X, Jiang SH, Hu LP, Zhang XL, Zhang ZG. Signalling entrains the peripheral circadian clock. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109433. [PMID: 31982551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, 24-h rhythms of behaviour and physiology are regulated by the circadian clock. The circadian clock is controlled by a central clock in the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that synchronizes peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues. Clock genes in the SCN are primarily entrained by light. Increasing evidence has shown that peripheral clocks are also regulated by light and hormones independent of the SCN. How the peripheral clocks deal with internal signals is dependent on the relevance of a specific cue to a specific tissue. In different tissues, most genes that are under circadian control are not overlapping, revealing the tissue-specific control of peripheral clocks. We will discuss how different signals control the peripheral clocks in different peripheral tissues, such as the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas, and discuss the organ-to-organ communication between the peripheral clocks at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Dai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Dekeryte R, Hull C, Plucińska K, Khan S, Kamli-Salino S, Mody N, Morrice N, McLaughlin C, Gault V, Platt B, Delibegovic M. Effects of Liraglutide and Fenretinide treatments on the diabetic phenotype of neuronal human BACE1 knock-in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:222-230. [PMID: 31103416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~24 h) cycle. A network of circadian clocks set daily windows during which food consumption can occur. These daily windows mostly overlap with the active phase. Brain clocks that ensure the circadian control of food intake include a master light-entrainable clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and secondary clocks in hypothalamic and brainstem regions. Metabolic hormones, circulating nutrients and visceral neural inputs transmit rhythmic cues that permit (via close and reciprocal molecular interactions that link metabolic processes and circadian clockwork) brain and peripheral organs to be synchronized to feeding time. As a consequence of these complex interactions, growing evidence shows that chronodisruption and mistimed eating have deleterious effects on metabolic health. Conversely, eating, even eating an unbalanced diet, during the normal active phase reduces metabolic disturbances. Therefore, in addition to energy intake and dietary composition, appropriately timed meal patterns are critical to prevent circadian desynchronization and limit metabolic risks. This Review provides insight into the dual modulation of food intake by homeostatic and circadian processes, describes the mechanisms regulating feeding time and highlights the beneficial effects of correctly timed eating, as opposed to the negative metabolic consequences of mistimed eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Challet
- Circadian clocks and metabolism team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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13
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Landgraf D, Neumann AM, Oster H. Circadian clock-gastrointestinal peptide interaction in peripheral tissues and the brain. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 31:561-571. [PMID: 29224668 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Food intake and sleep are two mutually exclusive behaviors and both are normally confined to opposing phases of the diurnal cycle. The temporal coordination of behavior and physiology along the 24-h day-night cycle is organized by a network of circadian clocks that orchestrate transcriptional programs controlling cellular physiology. Many of the peptide hormones of the gastrointestinal tract are not only secreted in a circadian fashion, they can also affect circadian clock function in peripheral metabolic tissues and the brain, thus providing metabolic feedback to metabolic and neurobehavioral circuits. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on this gastrointestinal peptide crosstalk and its potential role in the coordination of nutrition and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Landgraf
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Neumann
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany.
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Qian J, Scheer FAJL. Circadian System and Glucose Metabolism: Implications for Physiology and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:282-293. [PMID: 27079518 PMCID: PMC4842150 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system serves one of the most fundamental properties present in nearly all organisms: it generates 24-h rhythms in behavioral and physiological processes and enables anticipating and adapting to daily environmental changes. Recent studies indicate that the circadian system is important in regulating the daily rhythm in glucose metabolism. Disturbance of this circadian control or of its coordination relative to the environmental/behavioral cycle, such as in shift work, eating late, or due to genetic changes, results in disturbed glucose control and increased type 2 diabetes risk. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying glucose regulation by the circadian system and its disturbance may help in the development of therapeutic interventions against the deleterious health consequences of circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Ando H, Ushijima K, Shimba S, Fujimura A. Daily Fasting Blood Glucose Rhythm in Male Mice: A Role of the Circadian Clock in the Liver. Endocrinology 2016; 157:463-9. [PMID: 26653333 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hepatic glucose production are regulated according to a circadian rhythm. An early morning increase in FBG levels, which is pronounced among diabetic patients, is known as the dawn phenomenon. Although the intracellular circadian clock generates various molecular rhythms, whether the hepatic clock is involved in FBG rhythm remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of phase shift and disruption of the hepatic clock on the FBG rhythm. In both C57BL/6J and diabetic ob/ob mice, FBG exhibited significant daily rhythms with a peak at the beginning of the dark phase. Light-phase restricted feeding altered the phase of FBG rhythm mildly in C57BL/6J mice and greatly in ob/ob mice, in concert with the phase shifts of mRNA expression rhythms of the clock and glucose production-related genes in the liver. Moreover, the rhythmicity of FBG and Glut2 expression was not detected in liver-specific Bmal1-deficient mice. Furthermore, treatment with octreotide suppressed the plasma growth hormone concentration but did not affect the hepatic mRNA expression of the clock genes or the rise in FBG during the latter half of the resting phase in C57BL/6J mice. These results suggest that the hepatic circadian clock plays a critical role in regulating the daily FBG rhythm, including the dawn phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ando
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (H.A., K.U., A.F.), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and Department of Health Science (S.S.), School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (H.A., K.U., A.F.), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and Department of Health Science (S.S.), School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (H.A., K.U., A.F.), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and Department of Health Science (S.S.), School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (H.A., K.U., A.F.), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and Department of Health Science (S.S.), School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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Furutani A, Ikeda Y, Itokawa M, Nagahama H, Ohtsu T, Furutani N, Kamagata M, Yang ZH, Hirasawa A, Tahara Y, Shibata S. Fish Oil Accelerates Diet-Induced Entrainment of the Mouse Peripheral Clock via GPR120. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132472. [PMID: 26161796 PMCID: PMC4498928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian peripheral clock is entrained by restricted feeding (RF) at a fixed time of day, and insulin secretion regulates RF-induced entrainment of the peripheral clock in mice. Thus, carbohydrate-rich food may be ideal for facilitating RF-induced entrainment, although the role of dietary oils in insulin secretion and RF-induced entrainment has not been described. The soybean oil component of standard mouse chow was substituted with fish or soybean oil containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Tuna oil (high DHA/EPA), menhaden oil (standard), and DHA/EPA dissolved in soybean oil increased insulin secretion and facilitated RF-induced phase shifts of the liver clock as represented by the bioluminescence rhythms of PER2::LUCIFERASE knock-in mice. In this model, insulin depletion blocked the effect of tuna oil and fish oil had no effect on mice deficient for GPR120, a polyunsaturated fatty acid receptor. These results suggest food containing fish oil or DHA/EPA is ideal for adjusting the peripheral clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Furutani
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2–2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2–2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misa Itokawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2–2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagahama
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2–2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teiji Ohtsu
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2–2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Furutani
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2–2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayo Kamagata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2–2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Central Research Laboratory, Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd., Nanakuni 1-32-3, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Sciences, Kyoto University, 46–29, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Kawada-cho 8–1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2–2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2–2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Wang K, Sun Y, Lin P, Song J, Zhao R, Li W, Hou X, Wang C, Wang L, Zhu P, Chen L. Liraglutide Activates AMPK Signaling and Partially Restores Normal Circadian Rhythm and Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Islets in Diabetic Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1142-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Ruxing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University
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