1
|
Kim H, Kim S, Kim M, Lee C, Yang I, Nam SJ. Bioactive natural products from the genus Salinospora: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1230-1258. [PMID: 33237436 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes are an important source for bioactive secondary metabolites. Among them, the genus Salinispora is one of the first salt obligatory marine species worldwide and is typically found in various types of substrates in tropical and subtropical marine environments including sediments and marine organisms. This genus produces a wide range of chemical scaffolds and bioactive compounds such as lomaiviticins, cyclomarins, rifamycins, salinaphthoquinones, and salinosporamides. This review arranged Salinispora derived secondary metabolites according to the three species that comprise the genus. Moreover, muta- and semi-synthesis analogs derived from salinosporamide were also described in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haerin Kim
- The Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- The Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- The Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- The Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Inho Yang
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Pusan, 49112, Korea.
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stuart KA, Welsh K, Walker MC, Edrada-Ebel R. Metabolomic tools used in marine natural product drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:499-522. [PMID: 32026730 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1722636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The marine environment is a very promising resource for natural product research, with many of these reaching the market as new drugs, especially in the field of cancer therapy as well as the drug discovery pipeline for new antimicrobials. Exploitation for bioactive marine compounds with unique structures and novel bioactivity such as the isoquinoline alkaloid; trabectedin, the polyether macrolide; halichondrin B, and the peptide; dolastatin 10, requires the use of analytical techniques, which can generate unbiased, quantitative, and qualitative data to benefit the biodiscovery process. Metabolomics has shown to bridge this understanding and facilitate the development of new potential drugs from marine sources and particularly their microbial symbionts.Areas covered: In this review, articles on applied secondary metabolomics ranging from 1990-2018 as well as to the last quarter of 2019 were probed to investigate the impact of metabolomics on drug discovery for new antibiotics and cancer treatment.Expert opinion: The current literature review highlighted the effectiveness of metabolomics in the study of targeting biologically active secondary metabolites from marine sources for optimized discovery of potential new natural products to be made accessible to a R&D pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Andrew Stuart
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Keira Welsh
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Molly Clare Walker
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vohsen SA, Fisher CR, Baums IB. Metabolomic richness and fingerprints of deep-sea coral species and populations. Metabolomics 2019; 15:34. [PMID: 30830472 PMCID: PMC6469635 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From shallow water to the deep sea, corals form the basis of diverse communities with significant ecological and economic value. These communities face many anthropogenic stressors including energy and mineral extraction activities, ocean acidification and rising sea temperatures. Corals and their symbionts produce a diverse assemblage of compounds that may help provide resilience to some of these stressors. OBJECTIVES We aim to characterize the metabolomic diversity of deep-sea corals in an ecological context by investigating patterns across space and phylogeny. METHODS We applied untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to examine the metabolomic diversity of the deep-sea coral, Callogorgia delta, across three sites in the Northern Gulf of Mexico as well as three other deep-sea corals, Stichopathes sp., Leiopathes glaberrima, and Lophelia pertusa, and a shallow-water species, Acropora palmata. RESULTS Different coral species exhibited distinct metabolomic fingerprints and differences in metabolomic richness including core ions unique to each species. C. delta was generally least diverse while Lophelia pertusa was most diverse. C. delta from different sites had different metabolomic fingerprints and metabolomic richness at individual and population levels, although no sites exhibited unique core ions. Two core ions unique to C. delta were putatively identified as diterpenes and thus may possess a biologically important function. CONCLUSION Deep-sea coral species have distinct metabolomic fingerprints and exhibit high metabolomic diversity at multiple scales which may contribute to their capabilities to respond to both natural and anthropogenic stressors, including climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Vohsen
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Charles R Fisher
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Iliana B Baums
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A Biomphalaria glabrata peptide that stimulates significant behaviour modifications in aquatic free-living Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006948. [PMID: 30668561 PMCID: PMC6358113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human disease schistosomiasis (or bilharzia) is caused by the helminth blood fluke parasite Schistosoma mansoni, which requires an intermediate host, the freshwater gastropod snail Biomphalaria glabrata (the most common intermediate host). The free-swimming parasite miracidia utilise an excellent chemosensory sense to detect and locate an appropriate host. This study investigated the biomolecules released by the snail that stimulate changes in the behaviour of the aquatic S. mansoni miracidia. To achieve this, we have performed an integrated analysis of the snail-conditioned water, through chromatography and bioassay-guided behaviour observations, followed by mass spectrometry. A single fraction containing multiple putative peptides could stimulate extreme swimming behaviour modifications (e.g. velocity, angular variation) similar to those observed in response to crude snail mucus. One peptide (P12;—R-DITSGLDPEVADD-KR—) could replicate the stimulation of miracidia behaviour changes. P12 is derived from a larger precursor protein with a signal peptide and multiple dibasic cleavage sites, which is synthesised in various tissues of the snail, including the central nervous system and foot. P12 consists of an alpha helix secondary structure as indicated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. This information will be helpful for the development of approaches to manipulate this parasites life cycle, and opens up new avenues for exploring other parasitic diseases which have an aquatic phase using methods detailed in this investigation. In aquatic environments, where the vast majority of animals live in darkness, key relationships are often formed and maintained by chemical communication (including smell and taste). Parasites with an aquatic life phase rely on an exquisite sense of chemosensation to detect host biomolecules (kairomones), allowing them to locate and infect their host. Our study identifies the first kairomone released by the freshwater gastropod snail Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host for the helminth blood fluke parasite Schistosoma mansoni. This is a key aspect of the S. mansoni life-cycle that ultimately leads to human infection, causing the disease schistosomiasis (or bilharzia), which is considered the most devastating human helminth infection in terms of global morbidity and mortality. The kairomone we identify is a peptide that does not appear to share any similarity with any other known animal peptide. This information will be helpful as we explore methods to interrupt parasite infection, and therefore break the cycle of infection that causes a major human disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bauermeister A, Velasco-Alzate K, Dias T, Macedo H, Ferreira EG, Jimenez PC, Lotufo TMC, Lopes NP, Gaudêncio SP, Costa-Lotufo LV. Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Salinispora From Atlantic Oceanic Islands. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3021. [PMID: 30619120 PMCID: PMC6297358 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinispora (Micromonosporaceae) is an obligate marine bacterium genus consisting of three species that share over 99% 16S rRNA identity. The genome and biosynthetic pathways of the members of this genus have been widely investigated due to their production of species-specific metabolites. However, despite the species’ high genetic similarity, site-specific secondary metabolic gene clusters have been found in Salinispora strains collected at different locations. Therefore, exploring the metabolic expression of Salinispora recovered from different sites may furnish insights into their environmental adaptation or their chemical communication and, further, may lead to the discovery of new natural products. We describe the first occurrence of Salinispora strains in sediments from the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (a collection of islets in Brazil) in the Atlantic Ocean, and we investigate the metabolic profiles of these strains by employing mass-spectrometry-based metabolomic approaches, including molecular networking from the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking platform. Furthermore, we analyze data from Salinispora strains recovered from sediments from the Madeira Archipelago (Portugal, Macaronesia) in order to provide a wider metabolomic investigation of Salinispora strains from the Atlantic Oceanic islands. Overall, our study evidences a broader geographic influence on the secondary metabolism of Salinispora than was previously proposed. Still, some biosynthetic gene clusters, such as those corresponding to typical chemical signatures of S. arenicola, like saliniketals and rifamycins, are highly conserved among the assessed strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anelize Bauermeister
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Velasco-Alzate
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Dias
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Azul e Biomedicina, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Azul e Biomedicina, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Macedo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Azul e Biomedicina, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Azul e Biomedicina, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elthon G Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paula C Jimenez
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tito M C Lotufo
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana P Gaudêncio
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Azul e Biomedicina, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Azul e Biomedicina, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Letícia V Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smith MK, Bose U, Mita M, Hall MR, Elizur A, Motti CA, Cummins SF. Differences in Small Molecule Neurotransmitter Profiles From the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar Radial Nerve Revealed Between Sexes and Following Food-Deprivation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:551. [PMID: 30374327 PMCID: PMC6196772 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters serve as chemical mediators of cell communication, and are known to have important roles in regulating numerous physiological and metabolic events in eumetazoans. The Crown-of-Thorns Seastar (COTS) is an asteroid echinoderm that has been the focus of numerous ecological studies due to its negative impact on coral reefs when in large numbers. Research devoted to its neural signaling, from basic anatomy to the key small neurotransmitters, would expand our current understanding of neural-driven biological processes, such as growth and reproduction, and offers a new approach to exploring the propensity for COTS population explosions and subsequent collapse. In this study we investigated the metabolomic profiles of small molecule neurotransmitters in the COTS radial nerve cord. Multivariate analysis shows differential abundance of small molecule neurotransmitters in male and female COTS, and in food-deprived individuals with significant differences between sexes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), histamine and serotonin, and significant differences in histamine and serotonin between satiation states. Annotation established that the majority of biosynthesis enzyme genes are present in the COTS genome. The spatial distribution of GABA, histamine and serotonin in the radial nerve cord was subsequently confirmed by immunolocalization; serotonin is most prominent within the ectoneural regions, including unique neural bulbs, while GABA and histamine localize primarily within neuropil fibers. Glutamic acid, which was also found in high relative abundance and is a precursor of GABA, is known as a spawning inhibitor in seastars, and as such was tested for inhibition of ovulation ex-vivo which resulted in complete inhibition of oocyte maturation and ovulation induced by 1-Methyladenine. These findings not only advance our knowledge of echinoderm neural signaling processes but also identify potential targets for developing novel approaches for COTS biocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan K. Smith
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, Australia
| | - Masatoshi Mita
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, TWIns Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael R. Hall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Cape Ferguson, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, Australia
| | - Cherie A. Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Cape Ferguson, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott F. Cummins
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitu SA, Bose U, Suwansa-Ard S, Turner LH, Zhao M, Elizur A, Ogbourne SM, Shaw PN, Cummins SF. Evidence for a Saponin Biosynthesis Pathway in the Body Wall of the Commercially Significant Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E349. [PMID: 29112144 PMCID: PMC5706039 DOI: 10.3390/md15110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea cucumber (phylum Echinodermata) body wall is the first line of defense and is well known for its production of secondary metabolites; including vitamins and triterpenoid glycoside saponins that have important ecological functions and potential benefits to human health. The genes involved in the various biosynthetic pathways are unknown. To gain insight into these pathways in an echinoderm, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis and functional annotation of the body wall and the radial nerve of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra; to define genes associated with body wall metabolic functioning and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. We show that genes related to signal transduction mechanisms were more highly represented in the H. scabra body wall, including genes encoding enzymes involved in energy production. Eight of the core triterpenoid biosynthesis enzymes were found, however, the identity of the saponin specific biosynthetic pathway enzymes remains unknown. We confirm the body wall release of at least three different triterpenoid saponins using solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry. The resource we have established will help to guide future research to explore secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the sea cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Akter Mitu
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Utpal Bose
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Saowaros Suwansa-Ard
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Luke H Turner
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Min Zhao
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Steven M Ogbourne
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Paul Nicholas Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Scott F Cummins
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li YX, Gong XH, Liu MC, Peng C, Li P, Wang YT. Investigation of Liver Injury of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. in Rats by Metabolomics and Traditional Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:791. [PMID: 29163173 PMCID: PMC5672018 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury induced by Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) have been reported since 2006, which aroused widespread concern. However, the toxicity mechanism of PM liver injury remained unclear. In this study, the mechanism of liver injury induced by different doses of PM after long-term administration was investigated in rats by metabolomics and traditional approaches. Rats were randomly divided into control group and PM groups. PM groups were oral administered PM of low (10 g/kg), medium (20 g/kg), high (40 g/kg) dose, while control group was administered distilled water. After 28 days of continuous administration, the serum biochemical indexes in the control and three PM groups were measured and the liver histopathology were analyzed. Also, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS with untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify the possible metabolites and pathway of liver injury caused by PM. Compared with the control group, the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TG, and TBA in middle and high dose PM groups were significantly increased. And the serum contents of T-Bil, D-Bil, TC, TP were significantly decreased. However, there was no significant difference between the low dose group of PM and the control group except serum AST, TG, T-Bil, and D-Bil. Nine biomarkers were identified based on biomarkers analysis. And the pathway analysis indicated that fat metabolism, amino acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism were involved in PM liver injury. Based on the biomarker pathway analysis, PM changed the lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism and excretion in a dose-dependent manner which was related to the mechanism of liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Gong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ellis GA, Thomas CS, Chanana S, Adnani N, Szachowicz E, Braun DR, Harper MK, Wyche TP, Bugni TS. Brackish habitat dictates cultivable Actinobacterial diversity from marine sponges. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176968. [PMID: 28692665 PMCID: PMC5503172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities associated with marine invertebrates such as sponges and ascidians have demonstrated potential as sources of bio-medically relevant small molecules. Metagenomic analysis has shown that many of these invertebrates harbor populations of Actinobacteria, many of which are cultivable. While some populations within invertebrates are transmitted vertically, others are obtained from the environment. We hypothesized that cultivable diversity from sponges living in brackish mangrove habitats have associations with Actinobacterial populations that differ from those found in clear tropical waters. In this study, we analyzed the cultivable Actinobacterial populations from sponges found in these two distinct habitats with the aim of understanding the secondary metabolite potential. Importantly, we wanted to broadly evaluate the potential differences among these groups to guide future Actinobacterial collection strategies for the purposes of drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Ellis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chris S. Thomas
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shaurya Chanana
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Navid Adnani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Emily Szachowicz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Doug R. Braun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mary Kay Harper
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Wyche
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tim S. Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ventura T, Bose U, Fitzgibbon QP, Smith GG, Shaw PN, Cummins SF, Elizur A. CYP450s analysis across spiny lobster metamorphosis identifies a long sought missing link in crustacean development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:262-269. [PMID: 28428023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) are a rapidly evolving family of enzymes, making it difficult to identify bona fide orthologs with notable lineage-specific exceptions. In ecdysozoans, a small number of the most conserved orthologs include enzymes which metabolize ecdysteroids. Ecdysone pathway components were recently shown in a decapod crustacean but with a notable absence of shade, which is important for converting ecdysone to its active form, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE), suggesting that another CYP450 performs a similar function in crustaceans. A CYPome temporal expression analysis throughout metamorphosis performed in this research highlights several un-annotated CYP450s displaying differential expression and provides information into expression patterns of annotated CYP450s. Using the expression patterns in the Eastern spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi, followed by 3D modelling and finally activity assays in vitro, we were able to conclude that a group of CYP450s, conserved across decapod crustaceans, function as the insect shade. To emphasize the fact that these genes share the function with shade but are phylogenetically distinct, we name this enzyme system Shed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Ventura
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia.
| | - Utpal Bose
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Gregory G Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - P Nicholas Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Scott F Cummins
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Crüsemann M, O’Neill EC, Larson CB, Melnik AV, Floros DJ, da Silva RR, Jensen PR, Dorrestein PC, Moore BS. Prioritizing Natural Product Diversity in a Collection of 146 Bacterial Strains Based on Growth and Extraction Protocols. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:588-597. [PMID: 28335604 PMCID: PMC5367486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to expedite the rapid and efficient discovery and isolation of novel specialized metabolites, while minimizing the waste of resources on rediscovery of known compounds, it is crucial to develop efficient approaches for strain prioritization, rapid dereplication, and the assessment of favored cultivation and extraction conditions. Herein we interrogated bacterial strains by systematically evaluating cultivation and extraction parameters with LC-MS/MS analysis and subsequent dereplication through the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. The developed method is fast, requiring minimal time and sample material, and is compatible with high-throughput extract analysis, thereby streamlining strain prioritization and evaluation of culturing parameters. With this approach, we analyzed 146 marine Salinispora and Streptomyces strains that were grown and extracted using multiple different protocols. In total, 603 samples were analyzed, generating approximately 1.8 million mass spectra. We constructed a comprehensive molecular network and identified 15 molecular families of diverse natural products and their analogues. The size and breadth of this network shows statistically supported trends in molecular diversity when comparing growth and extraction conditions. The network provides an extensive survey of the biosynthetic capacity of the strain collection and a method to compare strains based on the variety and novelty of their metabolites. This approach allows us to quickly identify patterns in metabolite production that can be linked to taxonomy, culture conditions, and extraction methods, as well as informing the most valuable growth and extraction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Crüsemann
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ellis C. O’Neill
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Charles B. Larson
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexey V. Melnik
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dimitrios J Floros
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ricardo R. da Silva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Research Support Center in Natural and Synthetic Products, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Paul R. Jensen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prieto-Davó A, Dias T, Gomes SE, Rodrigues S, Parera-Valadez Y, Borralho PM, Pereira F, Rodrigues CMP, Santos-Sanches I, Gaudêncio SP. The Madeira Archipelago As a Significant Source of Marine-Derived Actinomycete Diversity with Anticancer and Antimicrobial Potential. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1594. [PMID: 27774089 PMCID: PMC5053986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived actinomycetes have demonstrated an ability to produce novel compounds with medically relevant biological activity. Studying the diversity and biogeographical patterns of marine actinomycetes offers an opportunity to identify genera that are under environmental pressures, which may drive adaptations that yield specific biosynthetic capabilities. The present study describes research efforts to explore regions of the Atlantic Ocean, specifically around the Madeira Archipelago, where knowledge of the indigenous actinomycete diversity is scarce. A total of 400 actinomycetes were isolated, sequenced, and screened for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The three most abundant genera identified were Streptomyces, Actinomadura, and Micromonospora. Phylogenetic analyses of the marine OTUs isolated indicated that the Madeira Archipelago is a new source of actinomycetes adapted to life in the ocean. Phylogenetic differences between offshore (>100 m from shore) and nearshore (< 100 m from shore) populations illustrates the importance of sampling offshore in order to isolate new and diverse bacterial strains. Novel phylotypes from chemically rich marine actinomycete groups like MAR4 and the genus Salinispora were isolated. Anticancer and antimicrobial assays identified Streptomyces, Micromonospora, and Salinispora as the most biologically active genera. This study illustrates the importance of bioprospecting efforts at unexplored regions of the ocean to recover bacterial strains with the potential to produce novel and interesting chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Prieto-Davó
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Sisal Sisal, Mexico
| | - Tiago Dias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Sofia E Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Rodrigues
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Yessica Parera-Valadez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Sisal Sisal, Mexico
| | - Pedro M Borralho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Florbela Pereira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Ilda Santos-Sanches
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana P Gaudêncio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Global metabolite analysis of the land snail Theba pisana hemolymph during active and aestivated states. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 19:25-33. [PMID: 27318654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The state of metabolic dormancy has fascinated people for hundreds of years, leading to research exploring the identity of natural molecular components that may induce and maintain this state. Many animals lower their metabolism in response to high temperatures and/or arid conditions, a phenomenon called aestivation. The biological significance for this is clear; by strongly suppressing metabolic rate to low levels, animals minimize their exposure to stressful conditions. Understanding blood or hemolymph metabolite changes that occur between active and aestivated animals can provide valuable insights relating to those molecular components that regulate hypometabolism in animals, and how they afford adaptation to their different environmental conditions. In this study, we have investigated the hemolymph metabolite composition from the land snail Theba pisana, a remarkably resilient mollusc that displays an annual aestivation period. Using LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis, we have identified those hemolymph metabolites that show significant changes in relative abundance between active and aestivated states. We show that certain metabolites, including some phospholipids [e.g. LysoPC(14:0)], and amino acids such as l-arginine and l-tyrosine, are present at high levels within aestivated snails. Further investigation of our T. pisana RNA-sequencing data elucidated the entire repertoire of phospholipid-synthesis genes in the snail digestive gland, as a precursor towards future comparative investigation between the genetic components of aestivating and non-aestivating species. In summary, we have identified a large number of metabolites that are elevated in the hemolymph of aestivating snails, supporting their role in protecting against heat or desiccation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Feng Y, Liu J, Carrasco YP, MacMillan JB, De Brabander JK. Rifamycin Biosynthetic Congeners: Isolation and Total Synthesis of Rifsaliniketal and Total Synthesis of Salinisporamycin and Saliniketals A and B. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7130-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and ‡Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive
Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry
Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and ‡Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive
Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry
Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Yazmin P. Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry and ‡Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive
Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry
Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - John B. MacMillan
- Department of Biochemistry and ‡Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive
Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry
Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Jef K. De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry and ‡Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive
Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry
Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barka EA, Vatsa P, Sanchez L, Gaveau-Vaillant N, Jacquard C, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Klenk HP, Clément C, Ouhdouch Y, van Wezel GP. Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:1-43. [PMID: 26609051 PMCID: PMC4711186 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00019-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 908] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C DNA content that constitute one of the largest bacterial phyla, and they are ubiquitously distributed in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Many Actinobacteria have a mycelial lifestyle and undergo complex morphological differentiation. They also have an extensive secondary metabolism and produce about two-thirds of all naturally derived antibiotics in current clinical use, as well as many anticancer, anthelmintic, and antifungal compounds. Consequently, these bacteria are of major importance for biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. Actinobacteria play diverse roles in their associations with various higher organisms, since their members have adopted different lifestyles, and the phylum includes pathogens (notably, species of Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, and Tropheryma), soil inhabitants (e.g., Micromonospora and Streptomyces species), plant commensals (e.g., Frankia spp.), and gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacterium spp.). Actinobacteria also play an important role as symbionts and as pathogens in plant-associated microbial communities. This review presents an update on the biology of this important bacterial phylum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essaid Ait Barka
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Parul Vatsa
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Gaveau-Vaillant
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Cedric Jacquard
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Clément
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Yder Ouhdouch
- Faculté de Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Biotechnologie des Microorganismes, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jensen PR, Moore BS, Fenical W. The marine actinomycete genus Salinispora: a model organism for secondary metabolite discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:738-51. [PMID: 25730728 PMCID: PMC4414829 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00167b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the initial discovery of the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora through its development as a model for natural product research. A focus is placed on the novel chemical structures reported with reference to their biological activities and the synthetic and biosynthetic studies they have inspired. The time line of discoveries progresses from more traditional bioassay-guided approaches through the application of genome mining and genetic engineering techniques that target the products of specific biosynthetic gene clusters. This overview exemplifies the extraordinary biosynthetic diversity that can emanate from a narrowly defined genus and supports future efforts to explore marine taxa in the search for novel natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Jensen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
LC-MS-based metabolomics study of marine bacterial secondary metabolite and antibiotic production in Salinispora arenicola. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:249-66. [PMID: 25574739 PMCID: PMC4306935 DOI: 10.3390/md13010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An LC-MS-based metabolomics approach was used to characterise the variation in secondary metabolite production due to changes in the salt content of the growth media as well as across different growth periods (incubation times). We used metabolomics as a tool to investigate the production of rifamycins (antibiotics) and other secondary metabolites in the obligate marine actinobacterial species Salinispora arenicola, isolated from Great Barrier Reef (GBR) sponges, at two defined salt concentrations and over three different incubation periods. The results indicated that a 14 day incubation period is optimal for the maximum production of rifamycin B, whereas rifamycin S and W achieve their maximum concentration at 29 days. A "chemical profile" link between the days of incubation and the salt concentration of the growth medium was shown to exist and reliably represents a critical point for selection of growth medium and harvest time.
Collapse
|
18
|
A reinvigorated era of bacterial secondary metabolite discovery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 24:104-11. [PMID: 25461728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolite discovery from bacteria has become increasingly successful in the last decade due to the advancement of integrated genetic-based, spectrometric-based and informatics-based techniques. Microbes and their unique metabolic outputs have been widely studied since the beginning of modern medicine; however, it is well known that the current repertoire of secondary metabolites, or more commonly natural products, is incomplete and the understanding of natural product-mediated intracellular dialog is in its infancy. Here, we highlight the present state of bacterial metabolomics including compound discovery approaches and new strategies for probing the role of these molecules within communication networks.
Collapse
|
19
|
Antioxidant Activity of Bacteria Associated with the Marine Sponge Tedania anhelans. Indian J Microbiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
20
|
Dyer LA, Parchman TL, Jeffrey CS, Richards LA. New dimensions of tropical diversity: an inordinate fondness for insect molecules, taxa, and trophic interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 2:14-19. [PMID: 32846719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most known insect species are involved in chemically mediated plant-insect multi-trophic interactions, and recent syntheses point to a substantial gap in our understanding of trophic interaction diversity, especially in the tropics. One approach to filling this gap is to examine relationships between genomic, metabolomic, taxonomic, and trophic interaction diversity via quantifying and comparing these dimensions of biodiversity at multiple scales. Innovative approaches to research on the origins and maintenance of tropical insect diversity should merge traditional approaches to natural history and taxonomy with modern measures of interaction diversity, genetic variation, and phytochemical diversity. These approaches will elucidate relationships between plant chemistry, specialization, climate, and different dimensions of biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Dyer
- Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States.
| | - Thomas L Parchman
- Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Christopher S Jeffrey
- Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Lora A Richards
- Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| |
Collapse
|