1
|
Bajgain P, Stoll H, Anderson JA. Improving complex agronomic and domestication traits in the perennial grain crop intermediate wheatgrass with genetic mapping and genomic prediction. THE PLANT GENOME 2024:e20498. [PMID: 39198233 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The perennial grass Thinopyrum intermedium (intermediate wheatgrass [IWG]) is being domesticated as a food crop. With a deep root system and high biomass, IWG can help reduce soil and water erosion and limit nutrient runoff. As a novel grain crop undergoing domestication, IWG lags in yield, seed size, and other agronomic traits compared to annual grains. Better characterization of trait variation and identification of genetic markers associated with loci controlling the traits could help in further improving this crop. The University of Minnesota's Cycle 5 IWG breeding population of 595 spaced plants was evaluated at two locations in 2021 and 2022 for agronomic traits plant height, grain yield, and spike weight, and domestication traits shatter resistance, free grain threshing, and seed size. Pairwise trait correlations were weak to moderate with the highest correlation observed between seed size and height (0.41). Broad-sense trait heritabilities were high (0.68-0.77) except for spike weight (0.49) and yield (0.44). Association mapping using 24,284 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers identified 30 main quantitative trait loci (QTLs) across all environments and 32 QTL-by-environment interactions (QTE) at each environment. The genomic prediction model significantly improved predictions when parents were used in the training set and significant QTLs and QTEs used as covariates. Seed size was the best predicted trait with model predictive ability (r) of 0.72; yield was predicted moderately well (r = 0.45). We expect this discovery of significant genomic loci and mostly high trait predictions from genomic prediction models to help improve future IWG breeding populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Bajgain
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hannah Stoll
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - James A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McAfee A, French SK, Wizenberg SB, Newburn LR, Tsvetkov N, Higo H, Common J, Pernal SF, Giovenazzo P, Hoover SE, Guzman-Novoa E, Currie RW, Veiga PW, Conflitti IM, Pepinelli M, Tran L, Zayed A, Guarna MM, Foster LJ. Higher prevalence of sacbrood virus in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies after pollinating highbush blueberries. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 117:1324-1335. [PMID: 38877967 PMCID: PMC11318621 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Highbush blueberry pollination depends on managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) L. for adequate fruit sets; however, beekeepers have raised concerns about the poor health of colonies after pollinating this crop. Postulated causes include agrochemical exposure, nutritional deficits, and interactions with parasites and pathogens, particularly Melisococcus plutonius [(ex. White) Bailey and Collins, Lactobacillales: Enterococcaceae], the causal agent of European foulbrood disease, but other pathogens could be involved. To broadly investigate common honey bee pathogens in relation to blueberry pollination, we sampled adult honey bees from colonies at time points corresponding to before (t1), during (t2), at the end (t3), and after (t4) highbush blueberry pollination in British Columbia, Canada, across 2 years (2020 and 2021). Nine viruses, as well as M. plutonius, Vairimorpha ceranae, and V. apis [Tokarev et al., Microsporidia: Nosematidae; formerly Nosema ceranae (Fries et al.) and N. apis (Zander)], were detected by PCR and compared among colonies located near and far from blueberry fields. We found a significant interactive effect of time and blueberry proximity on the multivariate pathogen community, mainly due to differences at t4 (corresponding to ~6 wk after the beginning of the pollination period). Post hoc comparisons of pathogens in near and far groups at t4 showed that detections of sacbrood virus (SBV), which was significantly higher in the near group, not M. plutonius, was the primary driver. Further research is needed to determine if the association of SBV with highbush blueberry pollination is contributing to the health decline that beekeepers observe after pollinating this crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison McAfee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sarah K French
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Laura R Newburn
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nadejda Tsvetkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Heather Higo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Julia Common
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Stephen F Pernal
- Beaverlodge Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada
| | - Pierre Giovenazzo
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Ville de Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Shelley E Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ernesto Guzman-Novoa
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert W Currie
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Patricia Wolf Veiga
- National Bee Diagnostic Centre, Northwestern Polytechnic, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada
| | - Ida M Conflitti
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Mateus Pepinelli
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Lan Tran
- Beaverlodge Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada
| | - Amro Zayed
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - M Marta Guarna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Beaverlodge Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Layek U, Das AD, Das U, Karmakar P. Spatial and Temporal Variations in Richness, Diversity and Abundance of Floral Visitors of Curry Plants ( Bergera koenigii L.): Insights on Plant-Pollinator Interactions. INSECTS 2024; 15:83. [PMID: 38392503 PMCID: PMC10889569 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The reproductive success of flowering plants relates to flower-visitor communities and plant-pollinator interactions. These traits are species- and region-specific and vary across regions, pollinator groups, and plant species. However, little literature exists on the spatiotemporal variation in visitor activity, especially in India. Here, we aimed to depict the spatial and temporal variation in visitor activity on the curry plants (Bergera koenigii). Data were collected at different daytime slots from three vegetation zones (confirmed by field surveys and normalized difference vegetation index values in remote sensing)-dense, medium-density, and low-density vegetation in West Bengal, India. The visitors' richness, diversity, and abundance were higher in the area with dense vegetation. Considering daytime patterns, higher values for these parameters were obtained during 10.00-14.00 h. For most visitors, the flower handling time was shorter, and the visitation rate was higher in dense vegetation areas (at 10.00-14.00 h) than in medium- and low-density vegetation areas. The proportions of different foraging categories varied over time. Vital pollinators were Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, Appias libythea, Halictus acrocephalus, Nomia iridescens, and Tetragonula iridipennis. However, the effectiveness of pollinators remained region-specific. Therefore, it can be concluded that floral visitors' richness, diversity, abundance, and plant-visitor interactions varied spatially with their surrounding vegetation types and also changed daytime-wise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Layek
- Department of Botany, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat 731224, India
| | - Anirban Deep Das
- Department of Botany, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat 731224, India
| | - Uday Das
- Department of Botany, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat 731224, India
| | - Prakash Karmakar
- Department of Botany & Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng Q, Huang R, Li H, Gong X, Yue D, Jiang W, Tian Y, Dong K. Analysis of comb-gnawing behavior in Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 38417131 PMCID: PMC10901539 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Apis cerana cerana exhibits a prominent biological trait known as comb gnawing. In this study, gnawed combs from colonies during different seasons were collected, investigating the comb age and locations of gnawing. Patterns of comb gnawing were recorded, and the effects of 2 factors, namely, comb type and season, on the mass of wax residues and the gnawed surface area were measured. The results revealed that A. c. cerana predominantly gnaws combs that have been used for over 6 months, with gnawing concentrated in the brood-rearing area. In the first 3 seasons, significantly higher masses of wax residues and larger gnawed surface areas were found in greater wax moth larvae (GWML)-infested combs compared to newly built and old combs. Also, there were significantly higher masses and areas gnawed by A. c. cerana in old combs compared to newly built combs in all 4 seasons. Compared to other seasons, it exhibited significantly higher masses and areas resulting from comb-gnawing in newly built or old combs in winter. However, there were no significant differences in the masses of wax residues and surface areas gnawed in GWML-infested combs across the first 3 seasons. In conclusion, this study documented the impact of comb type and season on the comb-gnawing behavior of A. c. cerana, contributing to beekeeping management practices and the current understanding of bee biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Meng
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honeybee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honeybee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hui Li
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honeybee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xueyang Gong
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honeybee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honeybee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wutao Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honeybee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yakai Tian
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honeybee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering and Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Honeybee Resources, Eastern Bee Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Burgarelli JAM, Dos Santos DM, Prado FSR, Rabêlo WF, Sardeli R, Brigante J, Daam MA, Vieira EM. Abamectin and difenoconazole monitoring in strawberry flowers and pollen sampled from Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) hives located in crop vicinities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65401-65411. [PMID: 37084054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The increase in agricultural productivity associated with the emergence and the extensive use of pesticides is undeniable. However, strong evidence indicates that this continuous demand is causing serious environmental impacts and bringing toxic effects to associated biota as pollinating insects. The present work aims the determination of the insecticide abamectin (ABA) and the fungicide difenoconazole (DIF) in strawberry flowers (Fragaria x ananassa DUCH.) and pollen sampled from beehives of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) located nearby strawberry fields. For analysis, QuEChERS method was optimized, and the analytical performance of those two pesticides was verified. Then, the method was applied to strawberry flowers and the pollen was sampled during three field campaigns. While abamectin was not detected, the systemic fungicide difenoconazole was determined in almost all flowers and pollen samples, demonstrating the major persistence of this pesticide in investigated matrices. The results were then discussed about the difenoconazole application rate and transport to colonies to estimate a preliminary environmental risk assessment for stingless native bees. All calculations were proceeded considering exposure rates and toxicity data from the literature, adapted from Apis mellifera studies. In this sense, the determination, application, and discussion about risk assessment figure out as an important tool to the knowledge about the preliminary risks of native bees exposed to pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Sardeli
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Janete Brigante
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eny Maria Vieira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miyashita T, Hayashi S, Natsume K, Taki H. Diverse flower-visiting responses among pollinators to multiple weather variables in buckwheat pollination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3099. [PMID: 36813829 PMCID: PMC9946946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Response diversity to environmental change among species is important for the maintenance of ecosystem services, but response diversity to changes in multiple environmental parameters is largely unexplored. Here, we examined how insect visitations to buckwheat flowers differ among species groups in response to changes in multiple weather variables and landscape structures. We found differences in responses to changes in weather conditions among insect taxonomic groups visiting buckwheat flowers. Beetles, butterflies, and wasps were more active in sunny and/or high-temperature conditions, whereas ants and non-syrphid flies showed the opposite pattern. When looking closely, the different response pattern among insect groups was itself shown to be different from one weather variable to another. For instance, large insects were responsive to temperatures more than small insects while smaller insects were responsive to sunshine duration more than large insects. Furthermore, responses to weather conditions differed between large and small insects, which agreed with the expectation that optimal temperature for insect activity depends on body size. Responses to spatial variables also differed; large insects were more abundant in fields with surrounding forests and mosaic habitats, whereas small insects were not. We suggest that response diversity at multiple spatial and temporal niche dimensions should be a focus of future studies of the biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Miyashita
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Shouta Hayashi
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kae Natsume
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hisatomo Taki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
DeVetter LW, Chabert S, Milbrath MO, Mallinger RE, Walters J, Isaacs R, Galinato SP, Kogan C, Brouwer K, Melathopoulos A, Eeraerts M. Toward evidence-based decision support systems to optimize pollination and yields in highbush blueberry. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1006201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is a globally important fruit crop that depends on insect-mediated pollination to produce quality fruit and commercially viable yields. Pollination success in blueberry is complex and impacted by multiple interacting factors including flower density, bee diversity and abundance, and weather conditions. Other factors, including floral traits, bee traits, and economics also contribute to pollination success at the farm level but are less well understood. As blueberry production continues to expand globally, decision-aid technologies are needed to optimize and enhance the sustainability of pollination strategies. The objective of this review is to highlight our current knowledge about blueberry pollination, where current research efforts are focused, and where future research should be directed to successfully implement a comprehensive blueberry pollination decision-making framework for modern production systems. Important knowledge gaps remain, including how to integrate wild and managed pollinators to optimize pollination, and how to provide predictable and stable crop pollination across variable environmental conditions. In addition, continued advances in pesticide stewardship are required to optimize pollinator health and crop outcomes. Integration of on- and off-farm data, statistical models, and software tools could distill complex scientific information into decision-aid systems that support sustainable, evidence-based pollination decisions at the farm level. Utility of these tools will require multi-disciplinary research and strategic deployment through effective extension and information-sharing networks of growers, beekeepers, and extension/crop advisors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hutchinson LA, Oliver TH, Breeze TD, Greenwell MP, Powney GD, Garratt MPD. Stability of crop pollinator occurrence is influenced by bee community composition. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.943309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees provide a vital ecosystem service to agriculture by contributing to the pollination of many leading global crops. Human wellbeing depends not only on the quantity of agricultural yields, but also on the stability and resilience of crop production. Yet a broad understanding of how the diversity and composition of pollinator communities may influence crop pollination service has previously been hindered by a scarcity of standardized data. We used outputs from Bayesian occupancy detection models to examine patterns in the inter-annual occupancy dynamics of the bee pollinator communities of four contrasting crops (apples, field bean, oilseed and strawberries) in Great Britain between 1985 and 2015. We compared how the composition and species richness of different crop pollinator communities may affect the stability of crop pollinator occurrence. Across the four crops, we found that the inter-annual occupancy dynamics of the associated pollinator communities tended to be more similar in smaller communities with closely related pollinator species. Our results indicate that crop pollinator communities composed of a small number of closely related bee species show greater variance in mean occupancy compared to crops with more diverse pollinator communities. Lower variance in the occurrence of crop pollinating bee species may lead to more stable crop pollination services. Finally, whilst our results initially indicated some redundancy within most crop pollinator communities, with no, or little, increase in the variance of overall mean occupancy when species were initially removed, this was followed by a rapid acceleration in the variance of crop pollinator occurrence as each crop's bee pollinator community was increasingly depreciated. High inter-annual variations in pollination services have negative implications for crop production and food security. High bee diversity could ensure more stable and resilient crop pollination services, yet current agri-environment schemes predominantly benefit a limited suite of common species. Management may therefore benefit from targeting a wider diversity of solitary species in order to safeguard crop pollination service in the face of increasing environmental change.
Collapse
|
9
|
Leska A, Nowak A, Nowak I, Górczyńska A. Effects of Insecticides and Microbiological Contaminants on Apis mellifera Health. Molecules 2021; 26:5080. [PMID: 34443668 PMCID: PMC8398688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been an alarming decline in the number of honey bee colonies. This phenomenon is called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Bee products play a significant role in human life and have a huge impact on agriculture, therefore bees are an economically important species. Honey has found its healing application in various sectors of human life, as well as other bee products such as royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen. There are many putative factors of CCD, such as air pollution, GMO, viruses, or predators (such as wasps and hornets). It is, however, believed that pesticides and microorganisms play a huge role in the mass extinction of bee colonies. Insecticides are chemicals that are dangerous to both humans and the environment. They can cause enormous damage to bees' nervous system and permanently weaken their immune system, making them vulnerable to other factors. Some of the insecticides that negatively affect bees are, for example, neonicotinoids, coumaphos, and chlorpyrifos. Microorganisms can cause various diseases in bees, weakening the health of the colony and often resulting in its extinction. Infection with microorganisms may result in the need to dispose of the entire hive to prevent the spread of pathogens to other hives. Many aspects of the impact of pesticides and microorganisms on bees are still unclear. The need to deepen knowledge in this matter is crucial, bearing in mind how important these animals are for human life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Nowak
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Górczyńska
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miñarro M, García D. Complementary Contribution of Wild Bumblebees and Managed Honeybee to the Pollination Niche of an Introduced Blueberry Crop. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070595. [PMID: 34208929 PMCID: PMC8307808 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The entomophilous pollination niche (abundance, phenotypic traits, foraging behaviours and environmental tolerances of insect pollinators) helps to understand and better manage crop pollination. We apply this niche approach to assess how an entomophilous crop (blueberry, Vaccinium ashei) can be expanded into new territories (i.e., northern Spain) far from their original area of domestication (North America). Insect visits to blueberry flowers were monitored in a plantation on 12 different days, at 8 different times during day and covering various weather conditions. Abundance, visitation rate, pollen gathering behaviour, and frequency of inter-plant and inter-row movements were recorded. The pollinator assemblage was basically composed of one managed honeybee species (50.8% of visits) and three native bumblebee species (48.3%). There was a marked pattern of seasonal segregation throughout bloom, with bumblebees dominating the early bloom and honeybee the late bloom. Pollinators also segregated along gradients of daily temperature and relative humidity. Finally, the two pollinator types differed in foraging behaviour, with bumblebees having a visitation rate double that of honeybee, collecting pollen more frequently and changing plant and row more frequently. The spatio-temporal and functional complementarity between honeybee and bumblebees suggested here encourages the consideration of an integrated crop pollination strategy for blueberries, based on the concurrence of both wild and managed bees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Miñarro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel García
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (CSIC-Uo-PA), 33004 Asturias, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prendergast KS, Ollerton J. Impacts of the introduced European honeybee on Australian bee‐flower network properties in urban bushland remnants and residential gardens. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kit S. Prendergast
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth, Bentley Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology University of Northampton Northampton UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prendergast KS, Dixon KW, Bateman PW. Interactions between the introduced European honey bee and native bees in urban areas varies by year, habitat type and native bee guild. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
European honey bees have been introduced across the globe and may compete with native bees for floral resources. Compounding effects of urbanization and introduced species on native bees are, however, unclear. Here, we investigated how honey bee abundance and foraging patterns related to those of native bee abundance and diversity in residential gardens and native vegetation remnants for 2 years in urbanized areas of the Southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot and assessed how niche overlap influenced these relationships. Honey bees did not overtly suppress native bee abundance; however, complex relationships emerged when analysing these relationships according to body size, time of day and floral resource levels. Native bee richness was positively correlated with overall honeybee abundance in the first year, but negatively correlated in the second year, and varied with body size. Native bees that had higher resource overlap with honey bees were negatively associated with honey bee abundance, and resource overlap between honey bees and native bees was higher in residential gardens. Relationships with honey bees varied between native bee taxa, reflecting adaptations to different flora, plus specialization. Thus, competition with introduced bees varies by species and location, mediated by dietary breadth and overlap and by other life-history traits of individual bee species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kit S Prendergast
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia
| | - Kingsley W Dixon
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia
| | - Philip W Bateman
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nooten SS, Odanaka KA, Rehan SM. Effects of Farmland and Seasonal Phenology on Wild Bees in Blueberry Orchards. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2020. [DOI: 10.1656/045.027.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine S. Nooten
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Biological Science, Durham, NH 03824
| | | | - Sandra M. Rehan
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Biological Science, Durham, NH 03824
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Delkash-Roudsari S, Chicas-Mosier AM, Goldansaz SH, Talebi-Jahromi K, Ashouri A, Abramson CI. Assessment of lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid, ethion, and glyphosate on aversive conditioning, motility, and lifespan in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111108. [PMID: 32798750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) play an important role in agriculture worldwide. Several factors including agrochemicals can affect honey bee health including habitat fragmentation, pesticide application, and pests. The growing human population and subsequent increasing crop production have led to widespread use of agrochemicals and there is growing concern that pollinators are being negatively impacted by these pesticides. The present study compares acute exposure to imidacloprid (0.2 and 0.4 mgL-1), ethion (80 and 106.7 mgL-1) or glyphosate (0.12 and 0.24 mgL-1) on aversive learning and movement, to chronic exposure at these and higher concentrations on movement, circadian rhythms, and survival in honey bee foragers. For acute learning studies, a blue/yellow shuttle box experiment was conducted; we observed honey bee choice following aversive and neutral stimuli. In learning studies, control bees spent >50% of the time on yellow which is not consistent with previous color bias literature in the subspecies or region of the study. The learning apparatus was also used to estimate mobility effects within 20 min of exposure. Chronic exposure (up to 2 weeks) with the above metrics was recorded by an automated monitoring system. In chronic exposure experiments, RoundUp®, was also tested to compare to its active ingredient, glyphosate. We found that imidacloprid and ethion have negative impacts on aversive learning and movement following a single-dose and that chronic exposure effects were dose-dependent for these two insecticides. In contrast, glyphosate had no effect on learning and less of an effect on movement; RoundUp® showed dose-dependent results on circadian rhythmicity. Overall, the results suggest that short-term exposure to imidacloprid and ethion adversely affect honey bee foragers and chronic exposure to glyphosate may affect pollination success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Delkash-Roudsari
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ana M Chicas-Mosier
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn AL, USA
| | - Seyed Hossein Goldansaz
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khalil Talebi-Jahromi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ashouri
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Charles I Abramson
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kordbacheh F, Liebman M, Harris M. Strips of prairie vegetation placed within row crops can sustain native bee communities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240354. [PMID: 33120405 PMCID: PMC7595394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As landscapes have become increasingly dominated by intensive agricultural production, plant diversity has declined steeply along with communities of pollinating insects including bees. Semi-natural habitats, such as field edge meadows and hedgerows, can be maintained to provide a diversity of flowering plants that can increase floral resources required by bees. An additional habitat enhancement practice is that of sowing strips of native prairie vegetation within row-cropped fields. In this study, conducted in Iowa, USA, we found that increases in both the abundance and diversity of floral resources in strips of native prairie vegetation within agricultural production fields greatly and positively influenced the bee community. The benefits to the bee community were important for both common and uncommon species and the effect may be strongest early in the season. Using networks of co-occurrence between plant and bee species, we were able to identify two native prairie plants, Ratibida pinnata and Zizia aurea, as potentially keystone resources that can be used to support native bees. When we evaluated the effect of reconstructed prairie strips on bees in the context of the surrounding landscape, we found that these conservation practices had positive effects on bees in agriculturally-dominated areas and that these effects were detectable in low to high complexity landscapes with 8-69% natural habitat. In landscapes dominated by crops with few pollen and nectar resources the inclusion of native prairie strips can buffer the decline of bees and effectively increase bee abundance and diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Kordbacheh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matt Liebman
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mary Harris
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hale KRS, Valdovinos FS, Martinez ND. Mutualism increases diversity, stability, and function of multiplex networks that integrate pollinators into food webs. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2182. [PMID: 32358490 PMCID: PMC7195475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems are composed of complex networks of many species interacting in different ways. While ecologists have long studied food webs of feeding interactions, recent studies increasingly focus on mutualistic networks including plants that exchange food for reproductive services provided by animals such as pollinators. Here, we synthesize both types of consumer-resource interactions to better understand the controversial effects of mutualism on ecosystems at the species, guild, and whole-community levels. We find that consumer-resource mechanisms underlying plant-pollinator mutualisms can increase persistence, productivity, abundance, and temporal stability of both mutualists and non-mutualists in food webs. These effects strongly increase with floral reward productivity and are qualitatively robust to variation in the prevalence of mutualism and pollinators feeding upon resources in addition to rewards. This work advances the ability of mechanistic network theory to synthesize different types of interactions and illustrates how mutualism can enhance the diversity, stability, and function of complex ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R S Hale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Ave, Biological Sciences Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Fernanda S Valdovinos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Ave, Biological Sciences Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Weiser Hall Suite 700, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Neo D Martinez
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Room 302, 919 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
- Pacific Ecoinformatics and Computational Ecology Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Appenfeller LR, Lloyd S, Szendrei Z. Citizen science improves our understanding of the impact of soil management on wild pollinator abundance in agroecosystems. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230007. [PMID: 32155198 PMCID: PMC7064200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Native bees provide essential pollination services in both natural and managed ecosystems. However, declines in native bee species highlight the need for increased understanding of land management methods that can promote healthy, persistent populations and diverse communities. This can be challenging and costly using traditional scientific methods, but citizen science can overcome many limitations. In this study, we examined the distribution and abundance of an agriculturally important wild bee species, the squash bee (Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa, Hymenoptera: Apidae). They are ground nesting, specialist bees that depend on cultivated varieties of Cucurbita (squash, pumpkins, gourds). The intimate relationship between squash bees and their host plants suggests that they are likely sensitive to farm management practices, particularly those that disturb the soil. In this study, citizen scientists across Michigan used a survey to submit field management and bee observation data. Survey results indicated that squash bees occupy a wide geographic range and are more abundant in farms with reduced soil disturbance. Citizen science provided an inexpensive and effective method for examining impacts of farm management practices on squash bees and could be a valuable tool for monitoring and conserving other native pollinators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Logan R. Appenfeller
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah Lloyd
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zsofia Szendrei
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Le Clec'h S, Finger R, Buchmann N, Gosal AS, Hörtnagl L, Huguenin-Elie O, Jeanneret P, Lüscher A, Schneider MK, Huber R. Assessment of spatial variability of multiple ecosystem services in grasslands of different intensities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109372. [PMID: 31550606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands provide multiple Ecosystem Services (ES) such as forage provision, carbon sequestration or habitat provision. Knowledge about the trade-offs between these ES is of great importance for grassland management. Yet, the outcome of different management strategies on ES provision is highly uncertain due to spatial variability. We aim to characterize the provision (level and spatial variability) of grassland ES under various management strategies. To do so, we combine empirical data for multiple ES with spatially explicit census data on land use intensities. We analyzed the variations of five ES (forage provision, climate regulation, pollination, biodiversity conservation and outdoor recreation) using data from biodiversity fieldwork, experimental plots for carbon as well as social network data from Flickr. These data were used to calculate the distribution of modelled individual and multiple ES values from different grassland management types in a Swiss case study region using spatial explicit information for 17,383 grassland parcels. Our results show that (1) management regime and intensity levels play an important role in ES provision but their impact depends on the ES. In general, extensive management, especially in pastures, favors all ES but forage provision, whereas intensive management favors only forage provision and outdoor recreation; (2) ES potential provision varies between parcels under the same management due to the influence of environmental drivers, related to topography and landscape structure; (3) there is a trade-offs between forage provision and other ES at the cantonal level but a synergy between forage provision and biodiversity conservation within the grassland categories, due to the negative impact of elevation on both ES. Information about multiple ES provision is key to support effective agri-environmental measures and information about the spatial variability can prevent uncertain outputs of decision-making processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solen Le Clec'h
- ETH Zurich, Agricultural Economics and Policy, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland; Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert Finger
- ETH Zurich, Agricultural Economics and Policy, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andreas Lüscher
- Agroscope, Forage Production and Grassland Systems, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel K Schneider
- Agroscope, Forage Production and Grassland Systems, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Huber
- ETH Zurich, Agricultural Economics and Policy, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Valido A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez MC, Jordano P. Honeybees disrupt the structure and functionality of plant-pollinator networks. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4711. [PMID: 30886227 PMCID: PMC6423295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The honeybee is the primary managed species worldwide for both crop pollination and honey production. Owing to beekeeping activity, its high relative abundance potentially affects the structure and functioning of pollination networks in natural ecosystems. Given that evidences about beekeeping impacts are restricted to observational studies of specific species and theoretical simulations, we still lack experimental data to test for their larger-scale impacts on biodiversity. Here we used a three-year field experiment in a natural ecosystem to compare the effects of pre- and post-establishment stages of beehives on the pollination network structure and plant reproductive success. Our results show that beekeeping reduces the diversity of wild pollinators and interaction links in the pollination networks. It disrupts their hierarchical structural organization causing the loss of interactions by generalist species, and also impairs pollination services by wild pollinators through reducing the reproductive success of those plant species highly visited by honeybees. High-density beekeeping in natural areas appears to have lasting, more serious negative impacts on biodiversity than was previously assumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Valido
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), C/Americo Vespucio 26, La Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), C/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - María C Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), C/Americo Vespucio 26, La Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), C/Americo Vespucio 26, La Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
MacInnis G, Forrest JRK. Pollination by wild bees yields larger strawberries than pollination by honey bees. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gail MacInnis
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesMcGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mallinger RE, Bradshaw J, Varenhorst AJ, Prasifka JR. Native Solitary Bees Provide Economically Significant Pollination Services to Confection Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) (Asterales: Asteraceae) Grown Across the Northern Great Plains. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:40-48. [PMID: 30346534 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of insect pollination to crop yields depend on genetic and environmental factors including plant self-fertility, pollinator visitation rates, and pollinator efficacy. While many crops benefit from insect pollination, such variation in pollinator benefits across both plant cultivars and growing regions is not well documented. In this study, across three states in the northern Great Plains, United States, from 2016 to 2017, we evaluated the pollinator-mediated yield increases for 10 varieties of confection sunflowers, Helianthus annuus L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), a plant that is naturally pollinator-dependent but was bred for self-fertility. We additionally measured pollinator visitation rates and compared per-visit seed set across pollinator taxa in order to determine the most efficacious sunflower pollinators. Across all locations and hybrids, insect pollination increased sunflower yields by 45%, which is a regional economic value of over $40 million and a national value of over $56 million. There was, however, some variation in the extent of pollinator benefits across locations and plant genotypes, and such variation was significantly related to pollinator visitation rates, further highlighting the value of pollinators for confection sunflowers. Female Andrena helianthi Robertson (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) and Melissodes spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were the most common and effective pollinators, while other bees including managed honey bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), small-bodied sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), bumble bees Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and male bees were either infrequent or less effective on a per-visit basis. Our results illustrate that wild bees, in particular the sunflower specialists A. helianthi and Melissodes spp., provide significant economic benefits to confection sunflower production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Mallinger
- Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albrecht Boulevard North, Fargo, ND
| | - Jeff Bradshaw
- Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Avenue I, Scottsbluff, NE
| | - Adam J Varenhorst
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, SAG, Brookings, SD
| | - Jarrad R Prasifka
- Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albrecht Boulevard North, Fargo, ND
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
van der Plas F. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in naturally assembled communities. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1220-1245. [PMID: 30724447 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 25 years ago, ecologists became increasingly interested in the question of whether ongoing biodiversity loss matters for the functioning of ecosystems. As such, a new ecological subfield on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) was born. This subfield was initially dominated by theoretical studies and by experiments in which biodiversity was manipulated, and responses of ecosystem functions such as biomass production, decomposition rates, carbon sequestration, trophic interactions and pollination were assessed. More recently, an increasing number of studies have investigated BEF relationships in non-manipulated ecosystems, but reviews synthesizing our knowledge on the importance of real-world biodiversity are still largely missing. I performed a systematic review in order to assess how biodiversity drives ecosystem functioning in both terrestrial and aquatic, naturally assembled communities, and on how important biodiversity is compared to other factors, including other aspects of community composition and abiotic conditions. The outcomes of 258 published studies, which reported 726 BEF relationships, revealed that in many cases, biodiversity promotes average biomass production and its temporal stability, and pollination success. For decomposition rates and ecosystem multifunctionality, positive effects of biodiversity outnumbered negative effects, but neutral relationships were even more common. Similarly, negative effects of prey biodiversity on pathogen and herbivore damage outnumbered positive effects, but were less common than neutral relationships. Finally, there was no evidence that biodiversity is related to soil carbon storage. Most BEF studies focused on the effects of taxonomic diversity, however, metrics of functional diversity were generally stronger predictors of ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, in most studies, abiotic factors and functional composition (e.g. the presence of a certain functional group) were stronger drivers of ecosystem functioning than biodiversity per se. While experiments suggest that positive biodiversity effects become stronger at larger spatial scales, in naturally assembled communities this idea is too poorly studied to draw general conclusions. In summary, a high biodiversity in naturally assembled communities positively drives various ecosystem functions. At the same time, the strength and direction of these effects vary highly among studies, and factors other than biodiversity can be even more important in driving ecosystem functioning. Thus, to promote those ecosystem functions that underpin human well-being, conservation should not only promote biodiversity per se, but also the abiotic conditions favouring species with suitable trait combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Delgado‐Carrillo O, Martén‐Rodríguez S, Ashworth L, Aguilar R, Lopezaraiza‐Mikel M, Quesada M. Temporal variation in pollination services toCucurbita moschatais determined by bee gender and diversity. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliverio Delgado‐Carrillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 27‐3 Morelia Michoacán 58089 México
- Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F. 04510 México
| | - Silvana Martén‐Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Lorena Ashworth
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Ramiro Aguilar
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Martha Lopezaraiza‐Mikel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Facultad de Desarrollo Sustentable Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Tecpan de Galeana Guerrero 40900 México
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 27‐3 Morelia Michoacán 58089 México
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martins KT, Albert CH, Lechowicz MJ, Gonzalez A. Complementary crops and landscape features sustain wild bee communities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1093-1105. [PMID: 29495110 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wild bees, which are important for commercial pollination, depend on floral and nesting resources both at farms and in the surrounding landscape. Mass-flowering crops are only in bloom for a few weeks and unable to support bee populations that persist throughout the year. Farm fields and orchards that flower in succession potentially can extend the availability of floral resources for pollinators. However, it is unclear whether the same bee species or genera will forage from one crop to the next, which bees specialize on particular crops, and to what degree inter-crop visitation patterns will be mediated by landscape context. We therefore studied local- and landscape-level drivers of bee diversity and species turnover in apple orchards, blueberry fields, and raspberry fields that bloom sequentially in southern Quebec, Canada. Despite the presence of high bee species turnover, orchards and small fruit fields complemented each other phenologically by supporting two bee genera essential to their pollination: mining bees (Andrena spp.) and bumble bees (Bombus spp.). A number of bee species specialized on apple, blueberry, or raspberry blossoms, suggesting that all three crops could be used to promote regional bee diversity. Bee diversity (rarefied richness, wild bee abundance) was highest across crops in landscapes containing hedgerows, meadows, and suburban areas that provide ancillary nesting and floral resources throughout the spring and summer. Promoting phenological complementarity in floral resources at the farmstead and landscape scales is essential to sustaining diverse wild bee populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Martins
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée Bât, Villemin - BP 80, F-13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France
| | - Martin J Lechowicz
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Horth L, Campbell LA. Supplementing small farms with native mason bees increases strawberry size and growth rate. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Horth
- Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA
| | - Laura A. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
De Palma A, Kuhlmann M, Bugter R, Ferrier S, Hoskins AJ, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Schweiger O, Purvis A. Dimensions of biodiversity loss: Spatial mismatch in land-use impacts on species, functional and phylogenetic diversity of European bees. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017; 23:1435-1446. [PMID: 29200933 PMCID: PMC5699437 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Agricultural intensification and urbanization are important drivers of biodiversity change in Europe. Different aspects of bee community diversity vary in their sensitivity to these pressures, as well as independently influencing ecosystem service provision (pollination). To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of human impacts on bee diversity across Europe, we assess multiple, complementary indices of diversity. Location One Thousand four hundred and forty six sites across Europe. Methods We collated data on bee occurrence and abundance from the published literature and supplemented them with the PREDICTS database. Using Rao's Quadratic Entropy, we assessed how species, functional and phylogenetic diversity of 1,446 bee communities respond to land‐use characteristics including land‐use class, cropland intensity, human population density and distance to roads. We combined these models with statistically downscaled estimates of land use in 2005 to estimate and map—at a scale of approximately 1 km2—the losses in diversity relative to semi‐natural/natural baseline (the predicted diversity of an uninhabited grid square, consisting only of semi‐natural/natural vegetation). Results We show that—relative to the predicted local diversity in uninhabited semi‐natural/natural habitat—half of all EU27 countries have lost over 10% of their average local species diversity and two‐thirds of countries have lost over 5% of their average local functional and phylogenetic diversity. All diversity measures were generally lower in pasture and higher‐intensity cropland than in semi‐natural/natural vegetation, but facets of diversity showed less consistent responses to human population density. These differences have led to marked spatial mismatches in losses: losses in phylogenetic diversity were in some areas almost 20 percentage points (pp.) more severe than losses in species diversity, but in other areas losses were almost 40 pp. less severe. Main conclusions These results highlight the importance of exploring multiple measures of diversity when prioritizing and evaluating conservation actions, as species‐diverse assemblages may be phylogenetically and functionally impoverished, potentially threatening pollination service provision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana De Palma
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK.,Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot SL5 7PY UK
| | - Michael Kuhlmann
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK.,Zoological Museum University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Rob Bugter
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra) Wageningen P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development The University of Reading Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development The University of Reading Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Community Ecology 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK.,Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot SL5 7PY UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Miller-Struttmann NE, Heise D, Schul J, Geib JC, Galen C. Flight of the bumble bee: Buzzes predict pollination services. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179273. [PMID: 28591213 PMCID: PMC5462477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple interacting factors drive recent declines in wild and managed bees, threatening their pollination services. Widespread and intensive monitoring could lead to more effective management of wild and managed bees. However, tracking their dynamic populations is costly. We tested the effectiveness of an inexpensive, noninvasive and passive acoustic survey technique for monitoring bumble bee behavior and pollination services. First, we assessed the relationship between the first harmonic of the flight buzz (characteristic frequency) and pollinator functional traits that influence pollination success using flight cage experiments and a literature search. We analyzed passive acoustic survey data from three locations on Pennsylvania Mountain, Colorado to estimate bumble bee activity. We developed an algorithm based on Computational Auditory Scene Analysis that identified and quantified the number of buzzes recorded in each location. We then compared visual and acoustic estimates of bumble bee activity. Using pollinator exclusion experiments, we tested the power of buzz density to predict pollination services at the landscape scale for two bumble bee pollinated alpine forbs (Trifolium dasyphyllum and T. parryi). We found that the characteristic frequency was correlated with traits known to affect pollination efficacy, explaining 30-52% of variation in body size and tongue length. Buzz density was highly correlated with visual estimates of bumble bee density (r = 0.97), indicating that acoustic signals are predictive of bumble bee activity. Buzz density predicted seed set in two alpine forbs when bumble bees were permitted access to the flowers, but not when they were excluded from visiting. Our results indicate that acoustic signatures of flight can be deciphered to monitor bee activity and pollination services to bumble bee pollinated plants. We propose that applications of this technique could assist scientists and farmers in rapidly detecting and responding to bee population declines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Heise
- Department of Computer Science, Technology & Mathematics, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Johannes Schul
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jennifer C. Geib
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Candace Galen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Geslin B, Le Féon V, Folschweiller M, Flacher F, Carmignac D, Motard E, Perret S, Dajoz I. The proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale structures wild bee assemblages in a densely populated region. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6599-6615. [PMID: 27777733 PMCID: PMC5058531 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the predicted expansion of cities throughout the world, understanding the effect of urbanization on bee fauna is a major issue for the conservation of bees. The aim of this study was to understand how urbanization affects wild bee assemblages along a gradient of impervious surfaces and to determine the influence of landscape composition and floral resource availability on these assemblages. We chose 12 sites with a proportion of impervious surfaces (soil covered by parking, roads, and buildings) ranging from 0.06% to 64.31% within a 500 m radius. We collected using pan trapping and estimated the landscape composition of the sites within a 500 m radius and the species richness of plant assemblages within a 200 m radius. We collected 1104 bees from 74 species. The proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale had a negative effect on wild bee abundance and species richness, whereas local flower composition had no effect. Ground-nesting bees were particularly sensitive to the urbanization gradient. This study provides new evidences of the impact of urbanization on bee assemblages and the proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale emerged as a key factor that drives those assemblages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Geslin
- CNRS, IRDInstitut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE) Aix Marseille UniversitéAvignon Université Pôle St Jérôme av. Escadrille N. Niemen13397Marseille Cedex 20France
- CNRS, UMR 7618iEES‐ParisF‐75005ParisFrance
| | - Violette Le Féon
- INRA, UMR 406 Abeilles et EnvironnementINRASite AgroparcF‐84914Avignon Cedex 9France
| | | | - Floriane Flacher
- CNRS, UMR 7618iEES‐ParisF‐75005ParisFrance
- Université ParisDiderot‐7F‐75013ParisFrance
| | | | - Eric Motard
- CNRS, UMR 7618iEES‐ParisF‐75005ParisFrance
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐6F‐75005ParisFrance
| | - Samuel Perret
- CEREEP Ecotron ÎleDeFranceUMS CNRS 3194Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐NemoursFrance
| | - Isabelle Dajoz
- CNRS, UMR 7618iEES‐ParisF‐75005ParisFrance
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐6F‐75005ParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
De Palma A, Abrahamczyk S, Aizen MA, Albrecht M, Basset Y, Bates A, Blake RJ, Boutin C, Bugter R, Connop S, Cruz-López L, Cunningham SA, Darvill B, Diekötter T, Dorn S, Downing N, Entling MH, Farwig N, Felicioli A, Fonte SJ, Fowler R, Franzén M, Goulson D, Grass I, Hanley ME, Hendrix SD, Herrmann F, Herzog F, Holzschuh A, Jauker B, Kessler M, Knight ME, Kruess A, Lavelle P, Le Féon V, Lentini P, Malone LA, Marshall J, Pachón EM, McFrederick QS, Morales CL, Mudri-Stojnic S, Nates-Parra G, Nilsson SG, Öckinger E, Osgathorpe L, Parra-H A, Peres CA, Persson AS, Petanidou T, Poveda K, Power EF, Quaranta M, Quintero C, Rader R, Richards MH, Roulston T, Rousseau L, Sadler JP, Samnegård U, Schellhorn NA, Schüepp C, Schweiger O, Smith-Pardo AH, Steffan-Dewenter I, Stout JC, Tonietto RK, Tscharntke T, Tylianakis JM, Verboven HAF, Vergara CH, Verhulst J, Westphal C, Yoon HJ, Purvis A. Predicting bee community responses to land-use changes: Effects of geographic and taxonomic biases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31153. [PMID: 27509831 PMCID: PMC4980681 DOI: 10.1038/srep31153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use change and intensification threaten bee populations worldwide, imperilling pollination services. Global models are needed to better characterise, project, and mitigate bees' responses to these human impacts. The available data are, however, geographically and taxonomically unrepresentative; most data are from North America and Western Europe, overrepresenting bumblebees and raising concerns that model results may not be generalizable to other regions and taxa. To assess whether the geographic and taxonomic biases of data could undermine effectiveness of models for conservation policy, we have collated from the published literature a global dataset of bee diversity at sites facing land-use change and intensification, and assess whether bee responses to these pressures vary across 11 regions (Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern Europe; North, Central and South America; Australia and New Zealand; South East Asia; Middle and Southern Africa) and between bumblebees and other bees. Our analyses highlight strong regionally-based responses of total abundance, species richness and Simpson's diversity to land use, caused by variation in the sensitivity of species and potentially in the nature of threats. These results suggest that global extrapolation of models based on geographically and taxonomically restricted data may underestimate the true uncertainty, increasing the risk of ecological surprises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana De Palma
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Rd, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Plant Biodiversity, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcelo A. Aizen
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Basset
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Adam Bates
- Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Robin J. Blake
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Céline Boutin
- Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Rob Bugter
- Alterra, Part of Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA WageningenI, Netherlands
| | - Stuart Connop
- Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London, 4-6 University Way, Docklands, London E16 2RD, UK
| | - Leopoldo Cruz-López
- Grupo de Ecología y Manejo de Artrópodos, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5. Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Ben Darvill
- British Trust for Ornithology (Scotland), Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Biology, Nature Conservation, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Dorn
- Applied Entomology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 7/LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Downing
- RSPB, Scottish Headquarters 2 Lochside View, Edinburgh Park, Edinburgh, EH12 9DH, UK
| | - Martin H. Entling
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56100, Pisa, Universitá di Pisa, Italia
| | - Steven J. Fonte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robert Fowler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN19QG, UK
| | - Markus Franzén
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Straβe 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN19QG, UK
| | - Ingo Grass
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mick E. Hanley
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | | | - Farina Herrmann
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agroscope, Institut for Sustainability Sciences, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Jauker
- Justus-Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Kessler
- Institut für Systematische und Evolutionäre Botanik, Switzerland
| | - M. E. Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Andreas Kruess
- Dept. for Ecology and Conservation of Fauna and Flora, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Bundesamt für Naturschutz, BfN), Konstantinstrasse 110, D-53179 Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Lavelle
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Program, Latin American and Caribbean Region, Cali, Colombia
| | - Violette Le Féon
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, CS 40509, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Pia Lentini
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Louise A. Malone
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jon Marshall
- Marshall Agroecology Ltd, 2 Nut Tree Cottages, Barton, Winscombe BS25 1DU, UK
| | - Eliana Martínez Pachón
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Quinn S. McFrederick
- University of California, Riverside Department of Entomology, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Carolina L. Morales
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Sonja Mudri-Stojnic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Guiomar Nates-Parra
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sven G. Nilsson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Alejandro Parra-H
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas, LABUN, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Edif. Uriel Gutiérrez, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Corporación para la Gestión de Servicios Ecosistémicos, Polinización y Abejas - SEPyA, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR47TJ, UK
| | - Anna S. Persson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Katja Poveda
- Entomology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Eileen F. Power
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marino Quaranta
- CREA-ABP, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per l’agrobiologia e la pedologia, Via di Lanciola 12/A, I-50125 - Cascine del Riccio, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carolina Quintero
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miriam H. Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - T’ai Roulston
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4123, USA
- Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, Virginia 22620, USA
| | - Laurent Rousseau
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montreál, C.P. 8888, succursale Centre-ville, Montreál, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan P. Sadler
- GEES (School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ulrika Samnegård
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christof Schüepp
- University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Community Ecology, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Straβe 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Allan H. Smith-Pardo
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Faculty of Sciences, National University of Colombia, Medellín (UNALMED), Columbia
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jane C. Stout
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rebecca K. Tonietto
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, O.T. Hogan Hall Rm 2-1444, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60011, USA
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, Macelwane Hall, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jason M. Tylianakis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Rd, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Hans A. F. Verboven
- Division Forest, Nature, and Landscape, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos H. Vergara
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jort Verhulst
- Spotvogellaan 68, 2566 PN, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hyung Joo Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do, 55365, Korea
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Rd, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shell WA, Rehan SM. Recent and rapid diversification of the small carpenter bees in eastern North America. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt A. Shell
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of New Hampshire; 46 College Road Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Sandra M. Rehan
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of New Hampshire; 46 College Road Durham NH 03824 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dicks LV, Baude M, Roberts SPM, Phillips J, Green M, Carvell C. How much flower-rich habitat is enough for wild pollinators? Answering a key policy question with incomplete knowledge. ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 40:22-35. [PMID: 26877581 PMCID: PMC4737402 DOI: 10.1111/een.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, an opportunity arose in England to develop an agri-environment package for wild pollinators, as part of the new Countryside Stewardship scheme launched in 2015. It can be understood as a 'policy window', a rare and time-limited opportunity to change policy, supported by a narrative about pollinator decline and widely supported mitigating actions. An agri-environment package is a bundle of management options that together supply sufficient resources to support a target group of species. This paper documents information that was available at the time to develop such a package for wild pollinators. Four questions needed answering: (1) Which pollinator species should be targeted? (2) Which resources limit these species in farmland? (3) Which management options provide these resources? (4) What area of each option is needed to support populations of the target species? Focussing on wild bees, we provide tentative answers that were used to inform development of the package. There is strong evidence that floral resources can limit wild bee populations, and several sources of evidence identify a set of agri-environment options that provide flowers and other resources for pollinators. The final question could only be answered for floral resources, with a wide range of uncertainty. We show that the areas of some floral resource options in the basic Wild Pollinator and Farmland Wildlife Package (2% flower-rich habitat and 1 km flowering hedgerow), are sufficient to supply a set of six common pollinator species with enough pollen to feed their larvae at lowest estimates, using minimum values for estimated parameters where a range was available. We identify key sources of uncertainty, and stress the importance of keeping the Package flexible, so it can be revised as new evidence emerges about how to achieve the policy aim of supporting pollinators on farmland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn V Dicks
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge U.K
| | - Mathilde Baude
- Collegium Sciences et Techniques, LBLGC EA 1207, Université d'Orléans Orléans France; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol U.K
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy & Development, University of Reading Reading U.K
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Artz DR, Pitts-Singer TL. Effects of Fungicide and Adjuvant Sprays on Nesting Behavior in Two Managed Solitary Bees, Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135688. [PMID: 26274401 PMCID: PMC4537283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of empirical evidence showing that wild and managed bees are negatively impacted by various pesticides that are applied in agroecosystems around the world. The lethal and sublethal effects of two widely used fungicides and one adjuvant were assessed in cage studies in California on blue orchard bees, Osmia lignaria, and in cage studies in Utah on alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata. The fungicides tested were Rovral 4F (iprodione) and Pristine (mixture of pyraclostrobin + boscalid), and the adjuvant tested was N-90, a non-ionic wetting agent (90% polyethoxylated nonylphenol) added to certain tank mixtures of fungicides to improve the distribution and contact of sprays to plants. In separate trials, we erected screened cages and released 20 paint-marked females plus 30–50 males per cage to document the behavior of nesting bees under treated and control conditions. For all females in each cage, we recorded pollen-collecting trip times, nest substrate-collecting trip times (i.e., mud for O. lignaria and cut leaf pieces for M. rotundata), cell production rate, and the number of attempts each female made to enter her own or to enter other nest entrances upon returning from a foraging trip. No lethal effects of treatments were observed on adults, nor were there effects on time spent foraging for pollen and nest substrates and on cell production rate. However, Rovral 4F, Pristine, and N-90 disrupted the nest recognition abilities of O. lignaria females. Pristine, N-90, and Pristine + N-90 disrupted nest recognition ability of M. rotundata females. Electroantennogram responses of antennae of O. lignaria females maintained in the laboratory did not differ significantly between the fungicide-exposed and control bees. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that two commonly used fungicides and a non-ionic adjuvant can disrupt nest recognition in two managed solitary bee species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek R. Artz
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insect Research Unit, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Theresa L. Pitts-Singer
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insect Research Unit, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Russo L, Park M, Gibbs J, Danforth B. The challenge of accurately documenting bee species richness in agroecosystems: bee diversity in eastern apple orchards. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3531-40. [PMID: 26380684 PMCID: PMC4567859 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees are important pollinators of agricultural crops, and bee diversity has been shown to be closely associated with pollination, a valuable ecosystem service. Higher functional diversity and species richness of bees have been shown to lead to higher crop yield. Bees simultaneously represent a mega-diverse taxon that is extremely challenging to sample thoroughly and an important group to understand because of pollination services. We sampled bees visiting apple blossoms in 28 orchards over 6 years. We used species rarefaction analyses to test for the completeness of sampling and the relationship between species richness and sampling effort, orchard size, and percent agriculture in the surrounding landscape. We performed more than 190 h of sampling, collecting 11,219 specimens representing 104 species. Despite the sampling intensity, we captured <75% of expected species richness at more than half of the sites. For most of these, the variation in bee community composition between years was greater than among sites. Species richness was influenced by percent agriculture, orchard size, and sampling effort, but we found no factors explaining the difference between observed and expected species richness. Competition between honeybees and wild bees did not appear to be a factor, as we found no correlation between honeybee and wild bee abundance. Our study shows that the pollinator fauna of agroecosystems can be diverse and challenging to thoroughly sample. We demonstrate that there is high temporal variation in community composition and that sites vary widely in the sampling effort required to fully describe their diversity. In order to maximize pollination services provided by wild bee species, we must first accurately estimate species richness. For researchers interested in providing this estimate, we recommend multiyear studies and rarefaction analyses to quantify the gap between observed and expected species richness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Russo
- Entomology Department, Cornell University Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Mia Park
- Entomology Department, Cornell University Ithaca, New York, 14853 ; Departments of Humanities and Integrated Studies, University of North Dakota Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202 ; Department of Biology, University of North Dakota Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Entomology Department, Cornell University Ithaca, New York, 14853 ; Department of Entomology, Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University 578 Wilson Rd., Room 202B, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
| | - Bryan Danforth
- Entomology Department, Cornell University Ithaca, New York, 14853
| |
Collapse
|