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Marrack LC, Beavers SC. Anchialine pool shrimp (Halocaridina rubra) as an indicator of sewage in coastal groundwater ecosystems on the island of Hawai'i. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290658. [PMID: 37651382 PMCID: PMC10470924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Groundwater is a primary pathway for wastewater and other pollutants to enter coastal ecosystems worldwide. Sewage associated pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and other emerging contaminants pose potential risks to marine life and human health. Anchialine pool ecosystems and the endemic species they support are at risk and provide an opportunity to sample for presence of contaminants prior to diffusion in the marine environment. In this study, we tested the potential use of nitrogen isotopes in the tissues of a dominant anchialine pool grazing shrimp (Halocaridina rubra), as a bioindicator for sewage in groundwater flowing through their habitats. Water quality parameters and shrimp tissue isotopes (N and C) were collected from pools exposed to a range of sewage contamination along the West Hawai'i coastal corridor from 2015 to 2017. Data were used to test for spatial and temporal variability both within and among pools and to examine the relationship between stable isotopes and water quality parameters. Within 22 pools, mean δ15N from whole tissue samples ranged between 2.74‰ and 22.46‰. Variability of isotope values was low within individual pools and within pool clusters. However, δ15N differed significantly between areas and indicated that sewage is entering groundwater in some of the sampled locations. The significant positive relationship between δ15N and dissolved nitrogen (p<0.001, R2 = 0.84) and δ15N and phosphorus (p<0.001, R2 = 0.9) support this conclusion. In a mesocosm experiment, the nitrogen half-life for H. rubra tissue was estimated to be 20.4 days, demonstrating that the grazer provides a time-integrative sample compared to grab-sample measurements of dissolved nutrients. Ubiquitous grazers such as H. rubra may prove a useful and cost-effective method for δ15N detection of sewage in conjunction with standard monitoring methods, enabling sampling of a large number of pools to establish and refine monitoring programs, especially because anchialine habitats typically support no macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Marrack
- Department of Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science, University of Hawaii, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Sallie C. Beavers
- Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Kailua-Kona, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
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Day JK, Knott NA, Swadling D, Ayre D, Huggett M, Gaston T. Non-lethal sampling does not misrepresent trophic level or dietary sources for Sagmariasus verreauxi (eastern rock lobster). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9435. [PMID: 36409295 PMCID: PMC10078346 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotope analysis can be used to investigate the diets of predators based on assimilation of nitrogen and carbon isotopes from prey. Recent work has shown that tissues taken from legs, antennae or abdomen of lobsters can give different indications of diet, but this has never been evaluated for Sagmariasus verreauxi (eastern rock lobster). Work is now needed to prevent erroneous conclusions being drawn about lobster food webs, and undertaking this work could lead to developing non-lethal sampling methodologies. Non-lethal sampling for lobsters is valuable both ethically and for areas of conservation significance such as marine reserves. METHOD We evaluated this by dissecting 76 lobsters and comparing δ13 C and δ15 N isotope values in antennae, leg and abdomen tissue from the same individuals ranging from 104 to 137 mm carapace length. Stable isotope values were determined using a Europa EA GSL elemental analyser coupled with Hydra 20-20 Isoprime IRMS. RESULTS We found the abdomen δ13 C values to be lower than other tissues by 0.3 ± 0.2‰ for antennae tissue and 0.1 ± 0.2‰ δ13 C for leg tissues, whereas for δ15 N, no significant difference between tissues was observed. There was no significant effect of lobster size or sex, though we did observe interactions between month and tissue type, indicating that differences may be seasonal. Importantly, the detected range of isotopic variability between tissues is within the range of uncertainty used for discrimination factors in isotopic Bayesian modelling of 0‰-1.0‰ for δ13 C and 3.0‰-4.0‰ for δ15 N. CONCLUSIONS We show that S. verreauxi can be sampled non-lethally with mathematical corrections applied for δ13 C, whereas any tissue is suitable for δ15 N. Our results indicate that a walking leg is most favourable and would also be the least intrusive for the lobster. The application of non-lethal sampling provides avenues for the contribution of citizen science to understanding lobster food webs and to undertake fieldwork in ecologically sensitive areas such as marine reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Karl Day
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
- NSW Department of Primary IndustriesFisheries ResearchHuskissonNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nathan Aaron Knott
- NSW Department of Primary IndustriesFisheries ResearchHuskissonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Daniel Swadling
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David Ayre
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Megan Huggett
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
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Tissue-specific Isotopic Incorporation Turnover Rates and Trophic Discrimination Factors in the Freshwater Shrimp Macrobrachium borellii (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Zool Stud 2021; 60:e32. [PMID: 34963785 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2021.60-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interpretation of isotopic data in ecology requires knowledge about two factors: turnover rate and the trophic discrimination factor, which have not been well described in freshwater shrimps. We performed a 142-day diet shift experiment on 174 individuals of the omnivorous shrimp Macrobrachium borellii, measured their growth, and temporally serially sampled muscle and hepatopancreas tissue to quantify carbon and nitrogen incorporation rates and isotope discrimination factors. Shrimps were fed with artificial diets (δ13C = -26.1‰, δ15N= 2.1‰) for 45 days in attempt to standardize the shrimps' initial δ13C and δ15N values for subsequent experiments. Shrimps were then fed with another artificial diet (δ13C = -16.1‰, δ15N = 15.8‰) and the change in δ13C and δ15N was observed for a period of 97 days. The trophic discrimination factor (∆) for δ13C was significantly higher in hepatopancreas (0.7 ± 0.36‰) than in muscle (-0.1 ± 0.83‰); however, the opposite was the case for δ15N (1.7 ± 0.43‰ and 3.6 ± 0.42‰, respectively). In the hepatopancreas the mean residence time (τ) of 13C was 26.3 ± 4.3 days compared to a residence time of 16.6 ± 5.51 days for δ15N, whereas the τ in muscle was 75.8 ± 25 days for δ13C and 40 ± 25 days for δ15N. The rate of incorporation of carbon into muscle was higher than that predicted by allometric equations relating isotopic incorporation rate to body mass that was developed previously for invertebrates. Our results support ranges of traditional trophic discrimination factor values observed in muscles samples of different taxa (∆15N around 3‒3.5‰ and ∆13C around 0‒1‰), but our work provides evidence that these traditionally used values may vary in other tissues, as we found that in the hepatopancreas ∆15N is around 1.7‰.
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Zinkann AC, Wooller MJ, O'Brien D, Iken K. Does feeding type matter? Contribution of organic matter sources to benthic invertebrates on the Arctic Chukchi Sea shelf. FOOD WEBS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hewitt DE, Taylor MD, Raoult V, Smith TM, Gaston TF. Diet-tissue discrimination and turnover of δ 13 C and δ 15 N in muscle tissue of a penaeid prawn. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9167. [PMID: 34494325 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotopes are used to study trophic and movement ecology in aquatic systems, as they provide spatially distinct, time-integrated signatures of diet. Stable isotope ecology has been used to quantify species-habitat relationships in many important fisheries species (e.g., penaeid prawns), with approaches that typically assume constant values for diet-tissue discrimination and diet-tissue steady state, but these can be highly variable. Here we provide the first report of these processes in Metapenaeus macleayi (eastern school prawn). METHODS Here we explicitly measure and model carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) diet-tissue discrimination and turnover in eastern school prawn muscle tissue as a function of experimental time following a change in diet to an isotopically distinct food source. RESULTS Diet-tissue discrimination factors were 5 and 0.6‰ for δ13 C and δ15 N, respectively. Prawn muscle tissue reached an approximate steady state after approximately 50 and 30 days for δ13 C and δ15 N. Half-lives indicated faster turnover of δ15 N (~8 days) than δ13 C (~14 days). CONCLUSIONS Our diet-tissue discrimination factors deviate from 'typical' values with larger values for carbon than nitrogen isotopes, but are generally similar to those measured in other crustaceans. Similarly, our estimates of isotopic turnover align with those in other penaeid species. These findings confirm muscle tissue as a reliable indicator of long-term diet and movement patterns in eastern school prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Hewitt
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy M Smith
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystems Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Troy F Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
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Pereira OS, Gonzalez J, Mendoza GF, Le J, Coscino CL, Lee RW, Cortés J, Cordes EE, Levin LA. The dynamic influence of methane seepage on macrofauna inhabiting authigenic carbonates. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olívia S. Pereira
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Jennifer Gonzalez
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Guillermo F. Mendoza
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Jennifer Le
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Connor L. Coscino
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Raymond W. Lee
- School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Jorge Cortés
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Universidad de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - Erik E. Cordes
- Department of Biology Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
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Quinby BM, Feldman NS, Flaherty EA, Belk MC, Smith ADF, Creighton JC. Isotopic discrimination between carrion and elytra clippings of lab-reared American burying beetles (Nicrophorus americanus): Implications for conservation and evaluation of feeding relationships in the wild. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8785. [PMID: 32196781 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Differences in stable isotope composition between an animal and its diet are quantified by experimentally derived diet-tissue discrimination factors. Appropriate discrimination factors between consumers and prey are essential for interpreting stable isotope patterns in ecological studies. While available for many taxa, these values are rarely estimated for organisms within the carrion food web. METHODS We used a controlled-diet stable isotope feeding trial to quantify isotopic diet-tissue discrimination factors of carbon (δ13 C values) and nitrogen (δ15 N values) from laboratory-reared Nicrophorus americanus raised on carrion. We used exoskeleton samples of beetle elytra (wing covers) to determine diet-tissue discrimination factors using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer equipped with an elemental analyzer. We also measured the isotopic compositions of five species of co-occurring, wild-caught burying beetles and evaluated feeding relationships. RESULTS We found differences in stable carbon discrimination between carrion sources (mammalian and avian) and lab-reared beetles, but no difference in stable nitrogen discrimination. Values for δ13 C did not differ among wild-caught burying beetle species, but values for δ15 N were significantly different for the three species with overlapping breeding seasons. Furthermore, wild-caught burying beetles within our study area do not appear to use avian carrion resources to rear their young. CONCLUSIONS This study informs future interpretation of stable isotope data for insects within the carrion food web. In addition, these results provide insight into carrion resources used by co-occurring burying beetle species in situ. We also demonstrated that independent of adult food type, the larval food source has a significant impact on the isotopic signatures of adult beetles, which can be estimated using a minimally invasive elytra clipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Quinby
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Noah S Feldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Northwest, 2200 169th Street, Hammond, IN, 46323, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mark C Belk
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4023 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Amy D F Smith
- Department of Natural Sciences, John Brown University, 2000 W. University St, Siloam Springs, AR, 72761, USA
| | - J Curtis Creighton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Northwest, 2200 169th Street, Hammond, IN, 46323, USA
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Patek SN. The Power of Mantis Shrimp Strikes: Interdisciplinary Impacts of an Extreme Cascade of Energy Release. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:1573-1585. [PMID: 31304967 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of a single raptorial strike by a mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda), the stages of energy release span six to seven orders of magnitude of duration. To achieve their mechanical feats of striking at the outer limits of speeds, accelerations, and impacts among organisms, they use a mechanism that exemplifies a cascade of energy release-beginning with a slow and forceful, spring-loading muscle contraction that lasts for hundreds of milliseconds and ending with implosions of cavitation bubbles that occur in nanoseconds. Mantis shrimp use an elastic mechanism built of exoskeleton and controlled with a latching mechanism. Inspired by both their mechanical capabilities and evolutionary diversity, research on mantis shrimp strikes has provided interdisciplinary and fundamental insights to the fields of elastic mechanisms, fluid dynamics, evolutionary dynamics, contest dynamics, the physics of fast, small systems, and the rapidly-expanding field of bioinspired materials science. Even with these myriad connections, numerous discoveries await, especially in the arena of energy flow through materials actuating and controlling fast, impact fracture resistant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Patek
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Santana CADS, Wieczorek AM, Browne P, Graham CT, Power AM. Importance of suspended particulate organic matter in the diet of Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Sci Rep 2020; 10:3387. [PMID: 32099047 PMCID: PMC7042260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which commercially important Nephrops norvegicus lobsters feed on particulates in the wild is unknown, even though this could be an important way for burrow-dwelling females to avoid starvation during the long breeding season. This was investigated using δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures in tissues with long and short turnover rates to provide diet discrimination and compare this between males and females. Secondary objectives examined size-related differences and calculated the trophic position based on the new results. Almost half the diet (47%) was made up of suspended particulate organic matter (POMsusp) alone. Fish was another important item in the diet, with plankton and invertebrate sources coming much lower down in dietary importance. Significantly more suspension feeding was observed in small or medium sized individuals than large ones in both sexes. However, there were no sex-related patterns, despite females being restricted to burrows for part of the analysis period. Female diet was almost identical to males and POMsusp comprised a large component of the diet in both sexes. The trophic position was estimated at 2.94 ± 0.16 (mean ± SD), which was at the lower end of the range reported in previous studies (2.60 to 4.32).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina M Wieczorek
- Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Patricia Browne
- Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Conor T Graham
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Power
- Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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Stanek A, Wolf N, Welker J, Jensen S. Experimentally derived incorporation rates and diet-to-tissue discrimination values for carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in gray wolves (Canis lupus) fed a marine diet. CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have noted the differential effects of marine versus terrestrial diets on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope (13C and 15N, respectively) diet-to-tissue discrimination values and incorporation rates for omnivorous and carnivorous mammals. Inaccurate estimates of these parameters may result in misrepresentation of diet composition or in the timing of diet shifts. Here, we present the results of a diet-switch experiment designed to estimate diet-to-tissue discrimination values and incorporation rates for tissues of gray wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) fed a diet of Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861). Our results demonstrate substantial differences in both parameters between wolves maintained on a marine (salmon) diet and wolves maintained on terrestrially sourced prey (beef, Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758). Increased awareness of the significance of marine resources to omnivorous and carnivorous consumers, like wolves, highlights the importance of phenomenological and mechanistic understandings of the effects of fish and other marine prey on dietary investigations based on stable isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Stanek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - N. Wolf
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - J.M. Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland 90014, and UArctic Research Chair
| | - S. Jensen
- The Alaska Zoo, 4731 O’Malley Road, Anchorage, AK 99507, USA
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Murillo-Cisneros DA, O'Hara TM, Elorriaga-Verplancken FR, Sánchez-González A, Marín-Enríquez E, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Galván-Magaña F. Trophic Structure and Biomagnification of Total Mercury in Ray Species Within a Benthic Food Web. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:321-329. [PMID: 31028414 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes of C (δ13C) and N (δ15N) were used to explore the trophic structure and evaluate mercury (Hg) biomagnification in the food web of muscle of three commercially important ray species from the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (PCBCS): the shovelnose guitarfish (Pseudobatos productus), banded guitarfish (Zapteryx exasperata), and bat ray (Myliobatis californica). The food web of these ray species predominately consisted of zooplankton, three species of fish, and five species of invertebrates. Mean δ15N values in all species ranged from 10.54 ± 0.18‰ in zooplankton to 17.84 ± 0.81‰ in the shovelnose guitarfish. Mean δ13C values ranged from - 22.05 ± 0.75‰ in the red crab to - 15.93 ± 0.78‰ in the bat ray. Mean total Hg concentration ([THg]) in all species ranged from 0.0009 ± 0.0002 mg kg-1 ww in zooplankton to 0.24 ± 0.19 mg kg-1 ww in the banded guitarfish. The food web magnification factor was 6.38 and significantly greater than 1.0. The present study describes [THg] biomagnification in the benthic food web of three ray species of the PCBCS. This provides an important baseline knowledge of the biomagnification dynamics and pathways of Hg in this environment for these multiple interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Murillo-Cisneros
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. I.P.N. s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, Apartado Postal 592, C.P. 23000, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
| | - Todd M O'Hara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 901 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, 99775-7750, USA
| | - Fernando R Elorriaga-Verplancken
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. I.P.N. s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, Apartado Postal 592, C.P. 23000, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
| | - Alberto Sánchez-González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. I.P.N. s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, Apartado Postal 592, C.P. 23000, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
| | - Emigdio Marín-Enríquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Av. IPN S/N, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
| | - Ana J Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. I.P.N. s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, Apartado Postal 592, C.P. 23000, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. I.P.N. s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, Apartado Postal 592, C.P. 23000, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
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Kambikambi MJ, Chakona A, Kadye WT. The influence of diet composition and tissue type on the stable isotope incorporation patterns of a small-bodied southern African minnow Enteromius anoplus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:613-623. [PMID: 30672616 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In trophic ecology, the use of stable isotope data relies on the general understanding of isotope turnover rates and diet-to-tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs). Recent studies on the application of stable isotope data have shown that isotope turnover rates and DTDFs can be influenced by many factors, including diet composition and tissue type. This study investigated the influence of diet composition and tissue type on stable isotope incorporation patterns in a small-bodied African minnow, the chubbyhead barb Enteromius anoplus. METHODS The isotopic incorporation patterns of carbon (δ13 C values) and nitrogen (δ15 N values) into white muscle and caudal fin tissues of the chubbyhead barb were examined using two isotopically different diets. Controlled-diet stable isotope feeding trials using a fishmeal-based diet (diet 1) and a soya-based diet (diet 2) were conducted over a 180-day period for the chubbyhead barb. RESULTS The two diets had contrasting isotopic incorporation patterns: diet 1 was associated with progressively high δ13 C and δ15 N values, whereas diet 2 was associated with progressively low δ13 C and δ15 N values over time for both muscle and fin tissues. The δ13 C turnover rates were similar for both tissues (56 and 61 days), whereas the δ15 N turnover rates differed between fin and muscle tissue in both diets (diet 1 = 4 and 130 days, and diet 2 = 72 and 300 days, respectively). The DTDFs were similar for both tissues in diet 1 (Δ13 C: -3.96 to -2.62‰, Δ15 N: 1.98 to 2.61‰) and diet 2 (Δ13 C: 4.05 to 5.24‰, Δ15 N: 8.45 to 9.69‰). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that fin tissue can potentially be used as an alternative for muscle tissue in food web studies with a reasonable level of error. The isotopic turnover rate and DTDFs estimates for E. anoplus, however, require consideration of diet composition because different diets may differ in their isotopic incorporation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda J Kambikambi
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Albert Chakona
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Wilbert T Kadye
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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Cannibalism and Habitat Selection of Cultured Chinese Mitten Crab: Effects of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation with Different Nutritional and Refuge Values. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined the food preference of Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), under food shortage, habitat choice in the presence of predators, and cannibalistic behavior by comparing their response to the popular culture plant Elodea nuttallii and the structurally more complex Myriophyllum verticillatum L. in a series of mesocosm experiments. Mitten crabs were found to consume and thus reduce the biomass of Elodea, whereas no negative impact on Myriophyllum biomass was recorded. In the absence of adult crabs, juveniles preferred to settle in Elodea habitats (appearance frequency among the plants: 64.2 ± 5.9%) but selected for Myriophyllum instead when adult crabs were present (appearance frequency among the plants: 59.5 ± 4.9%). The mortality rate of mitten crabs in the absence of plant shelter was higher under food shortage, primarily due to cannibalism. The proportion of molting crabs dying in the structurally more complex Myriophyllum habitats was significantly lower than in the less complex Elodea habitats, indicating that Myriophyllum provides better protection from cannibalistic behavior, likely due to its structurally more complex canopy. Stable isotope analyses of crab samples revealed a trophic shift in both δ13C and δ15N (Δδ13C: 2.2–4.0‰; Δδ15N: 1.5–2.8‰) during the experimental period. Significant positive correlations between body mass and δ13C and δ15N were recorded, suggesting that cannibalistic feeding might further increase crab growth and lead to ontogenetic increases in trophic position with increasing size. Our study overall demonstrates that a combination of submerged aquatic vegetation functioning as a highly suitable food with other less palatable plant species acting as efficient refuges against predators may be the optimal method of plant stocking in mitten crab aquacultures to ensure both high crab growth and a high survival rate.
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Kennedy SR, Dawson TE, Gillespie RG. Stable isotopes of Hawaiian spiders reflect substrate properties along a chronosequence. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4527. [PMID: 29576984 PMCID: PMC5866714 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hawaiian Islands offer a unique opportunity to test how changes in the properties of an isolated ecosystem are propagated through the organisms that occur within that ecosystem. The age-structured arrangement of volcanic-derived substrates follows a regular progression over space and, by inference, time. We test how well documented successional changes in soil chemistry and associated vegetation are reflected in organisms at higher trophic levels—specifically, predatory arthropods (spiders)—across a range of functional groups. We focus on three separate spider lineages: one that builds capture webs, one that hunts actively, and one that specializes on eating other spiders. We analyze spiders from three sites across the Hawaiian chronosequence with substrate ages ranging from 200 to 20,000 years. To measure the extent to which chemical signatures of terrestrial substrates are propagated through higher trophic levels, we use standard stable isotope analyses of nitrogen and carbon, with plant leaves included as a baseline. The target taxa show the expected shift in isotope ratios of δ15N with trophic level, from plants to cursorial spiders to web-builders to spider eaters. Remarkably, organisms at all trophic levels also precisely reflect the successional changes in the soil stoichiometry of the island chronosequence, demonstrating how the biogeochemistry of the entire food web is determined by ecosystem succession of the substrates on which the organisms have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Kennedy
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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deVries MS. The role of feeding morphology and competition in governing the diet breadth of sympatric stomatopod crustaceans. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2017.0055. [PMID: 28446618 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition for food drives divergence and specialization in feeding morphology. Stomatopod crustaceans have two kinds of highly specialized feeding appendages: either elongate spear-like appendages (spearers) used to ambush soft-bodied evasive prey or hammer-like appendages (smashers) that produce extremely high forces used both to break hard-shelled prey and to capture evasive prey. To evaluate associations between appendage type and feeding ecology, the diet of two small smasher and spearer species (size range: 21-27 mm) that co-occur were compared. Stable isotope analysis and the Bayesian mixing model MixSIAR were used to estimate the proportional contributions of prey types to the diet. Both species had relatively wide diets that included hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey, albeit in different proportions; the smasher consumed a greater proportion of hard-shelled prey, and the spearer consumed mostly soft-bodied prey. Appendage kinematics in stomatopods is known to scale linearly across species. These two small species may produce similar kinematics allowing them both to capture evasive prey and hammer hard-shelled prey, thereby widening their diets. Yet, the spearer species is more highly adept at capturing evasive prey, indicating that small spearers are stronger competitors for soft-bodied prey. These findings suggest that a smasher's ability to access hard prey reduced competition for soft prey, and therefore conferred an important benefit favouring the evolution of the impressive smashing strike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya S deVries
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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16
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deVries MS, Webb SJ, Tu J, Cory E, Morgan V, Sah RL, Deheyn DD, Taylor JRA. Stress physiology and weapon integrity of intertidal mantis shrimp under future ocean conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38637. [PMID: 27974830 PMCID: PMC5156921 DOI: 10.1038/srep38637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcified marine organisms typically experience increased oxidative stress and changes in mineralization in response to ocean acidification and warming conditions. These effects could hinder the potency of animal weapons, such as the mantis shrimp’s raptorial appendage. The mechanical properties of this calcified weapon enable extremely powerful punches to be delivered to prey and aggressors. We examined oxidative stress and exoskeleton structure, mineral content, and mechanical properties of the raptorial appendage and the carapace under long-term ocean acidification and warming conditions. The predatory appendage had significantly higher % Mg under ocean acidification conditions, while oxidative stress levels as well as the % Ca and mechanical properties of the appendage remained unchanged. Thus, mantis shrimp tolerate expanded ranges of pH and temperature without experiencing oxidative stress or functional changes to their weapons. Our findings suggest that these powerful predators will not be hindered under future ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya S deVries
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Summer J Webb
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jenny Tu
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Esther Cory
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victoria Morgan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Robert L Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dimitri D Deheyn
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jennifer R A Taylor
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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deVries MS, Stock BC, Christy JH, Goldsmith GR, Dawson TE. Specialized morphology corresponds to a generalist diet: linking form and function in smashing mantis shrimp crustaceans. Oecologia 2016; 182:429-42. [PMID: 27312263 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many animals are considered to be specialists because they have feeding structures that are fine-tuned for consuming specific prey. For example, "smasher" mantis shrimp have highly specialized predatory appendages that generate forceful strikes to break apart hard-shelled prey. Anecdotal observations suggest, however, that the diet of smashers may include soft-bodied prey as well. Our goal was to examine the diet breadth of the smasher mantis shrimp, Neogonodactylus bredini, to determine whether it has a narrow diet of hard-shelled prey. We combined studies of prey abundance, feeding behavior, and stable isotope analyses of diet in both seagrass and coral rubble to determine if N. bredini's diet was consistent across different habitat types. The abundances of hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey varied between habitats. In feeding experiments, N. bredini consumed both prey types. N. bredini consumed a range of different prey in the field as well and, unexpectedly, the stable isotope analysis demonstrated that soft-bodied prey comprised a large proportion (29-53 %) of the diet in both habitats. Using a Bayesian mixing model framework (MixSIAR), we found that this result held even when we used uninformative, or generalist, priors and informative priors reflecting a specialist diet on hard-shelled prey and prey abundances in the field. Thus, contrary to expectation, the specialized feeding morphology of N. bredini corresponds to a broad diet of both hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey. Using multiple lines of study to describe the natural diets of other presumed specialists may demonstrate that specialized morphology often broadens rather than narrows diet breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya S deVries
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0202, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0202, USA.
| | - Brian C Stock
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0202, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0202, USA
| | - John H Christy
- Naos Marine Laboratories, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Gregory R Goldsmith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Ecosystem Fluxes Group, Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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