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Gholamhosseini A, Yousefi M, Esmaeili HR. Predicting climate change impacts on the distribution of endemic fish Cyprinion muscatense in the Arabian Peninsula. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11720. [PMID: 38988343 PMCID: PMC11236460 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Freshwater fishes are facing considerable threats in the Arabian Peninsula which is considered as a highly stressed region in the Middle East. It is predicted that northern Oman is likely to face decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature in coming decades. In this study, we focused on an endemic cyprinid fish Cyprinion muscatense, as a model to investigate impacts of climate change on the mountain fishes inhibiting in this arid region. This species is expected to be strongly affected by climate change because of its limited distribution range in a montane area surrounded by lowlands and sea, limiting the species in shift to other areas. We used an ensemble approach by considering two regressions-based species distribution modeling (SDM) algorithms: generalized linear models (GLM), and generalized additive models (GAM) to model the species habitat suitability and predict the impacts of climate change on the species habitat suitability. Based on the distribution models, the montane area located in northeastern Oman was identified as the most suitable habitat for this species. Our results indicate that, even under the minimum greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 2.6), climate change will produce a high reduction in its potential future habitats. According to the results of percent contribution, elevation and annual minimum temperature were the most important variables in predicting the species suitable habitats. Results also showed that only a small percentage of suitable habitats for the species within boundaries of protected areas. Therefore, the impact of climate change on the species appears particularly alarming. Although our study was restricted to a single cyprinid freshwater species, decreases in potential habitats are likely predicted for other cyprinid fish species restricted to the mountains of this region, suggesting severe consideration is needed for aquatic systems in future conservation planning, especially for endemic freshwater fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gholamhosseini
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, School of Science Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Biology Damghan University Damghan Iran
- LIB, Museum Koenig, Bonn Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change Bonn Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Esmaeili
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, School of Science Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
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2
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Kazemi SM, Hosseinzadeh MS, Weinstein SA. Identifying the geographic distribution pattern of venomous snakes and regions of high snakebite risk in Iran. Toxicon 2023; 231:107197. [PMID: 37321410 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe species richness patterns of venomous snakes in Iran in order to produce snakebite risk prediction maps and identify gaps in regional health care centers capable of managing snakebites. We digitized distribution maps from the literature, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and the results of our own field studies of 24 terrestrial venomous snake species (including 4 endemic to Iran). Species richness patterns were associated with eight environmental factors. The variables have been extracted from the WorldClim dataset (bio12 = annual precipitation, bio15 = precipitation seasonality, bio17 = precipitation of the driest quarter, bio2 = mean diurnal range, bio3 = isothermality (bio2/bio7), bio4 = temperature seasonality, bio9 = mean temperature of the driest quarter and slope). Based on spatial analyses, species richness in Iran is highly affected by three environmental variables (bio12, 15, and 17) associated with precipitation. The relationship patterns among these predictors and species richness were strong and linear. The hotspot regions for venomous snakes species are concentrated on the western to southwestern and north to northeastern regions of Iran, which is partially consistent with the known Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot. Because of the high number of endemic species and climatic conditions on the Iranian Plateau, the venoms of snakes distributed in those areas may contain novel properties and components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Kazemi
- Zagros Herpetological Institute, 37156-88415, P. O. No 12, Somayyeh 14 Avenue, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Scott A Weinstein
- Playford Family Medicine, 297 Peachey Rd., Munno Para, South Australia, 5115, Australia; Young Adult Institute, 220 E. 42nd St., 8th Floor, NY, NY, 10017, USA; Premier Health Care, 227 E. 41st St., 8th Floor, NY, NY, 10017, USA.
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3
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Pérez-Consuegra SG, Sánchez-Tovar L, Rodríguez-Tapia G, Castañeda-Rico S, Vázquez-Domínguez E. Late Pleistocene Altitudinal Segregation and Demography Define Future Climate Change Distribution of the Peromyscus mexicanus Species Group: Conservation Implications. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1753. [PMID: 37889659 PMCID: PMC10251973 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mountains harbor a significant number of the World's biodiversity, both on tropical and temperate regions. Notably, one crucial gap in conservation is the consideration of historical and contemporary patterns influencing differential distribution in small mammal mountain species and how climate change will affect their distribution and survival. The mice Peromyscus mexicanus species group is distributed across mountains in Guatemala-Chiapas and Central America, which experienced significant effects of glacial and interglacial cycles. We determined phylogeographic and demographic patterns of lowlands and highlands mountain lineages, revealing that the radiation of modern P. mexicanus lineages occurred during the Pleistocene (ca. 2.6 mya) along Nuclear Central America. In concert with climatic cycles and the distribution of habitats, lowland and highland lineages showed recent population size increase and decrease, respectively. We also estimated the current and future distribution ranges for six lineages, finding marked area size increase for two lineages for which vegetation type and distribution would facilitate migrating towards higher elevations. Contrastingly, three lineages showed range size decrease; their ecological requirements make them highly susceptible to future habitat loss. Our findings are clear evidence of the negative impacts of future climate change, while our ability to manage and conserve these vulnerable ecosystems and mountain species is contingent on our understanding of the implications of climate change on the distribution, ecology, and genetics of wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio G. Pérez-Consuegra
- Departamento de Ecología, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Sánchez-Tovar
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (L.S.-T.); (G.R.-T.)
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez-Tapia
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (L.S.-T.); (G.R.-T.)
| | - Susette Castañeda-Rico
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA;
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Ella Vázquez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (L.S.-T.); (G.R.-T.)
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4
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Yousefi M, Yousefkhani SH, Grünig M, Kafash A, Rajabizadeh M, Pouyani ER. Identifying high snakebite risk area under climate change for community education and antivenom distribution. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8191. [PMID: 37210435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite is one of the largest risks from wildlife, however little is known about venomous snake distribution, spatial variation in snakebite risk, potential changes in snakebite risk pattern due to climate change, and vulnerable human population. As a consequence, management and prevention of snakebite is hampered by this lack of information. Here we used habitat suitability modeling for 10 medically important venomous snakes to identify high snakebite risk area under climate change in Iran. We identified areas with high snakebite risk in Iran and showed that snakebite risk will increase in some parts of the country. Our results also revealed that mountainous areas (Zagros, Alborz, Kopet-Dagh mountains) will experience highest changes in species composition. We underline that in order to improve snakebite management, areas which were identified with high snakebite risk in Iran need to be prioritized for the distribution of antivenom medication and awareness rising programs among vulnerable human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Yousefi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
- LIB, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Adenauerallee 127, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Marc Grünig
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Anooshe Kafash
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rajabizadeh
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, 7631133131, Iran
- AI.Nature Team, INRIA Startup Studio, 2 Rue Simone IFF, 75012, Paris, France
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5
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Dehghani R, Monzavi SM, Mehrpour O, Shirazi FM, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Keyler DE, Wüster W, Westerström A, Warrell DA. Medically important snakes and snakebite envenoming in Iran. Toxicon 2023; 230:107149. [PMID: 37187227 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite is a common health condition in Iran with a diverse snake fauna, especially in tropical southern and mountainous western areas of the country with plethora of snake species. The list of medically important snakes, circumstances and effects of their bite, and necessary medical care require critical appraisal and should be updated regularly. This study aims to review and map the distributions of medically important snake species of Iran, re-evaluate their taxonomy, review their venomics, describe the clinical effects of envenoming, and discuss medical management and treatment, including the use of antivenom. Nearly 350 published articles and 26 textbooks with information on venomous and mildly venomous snake species and snakebites of Iran, were reviewed, many in Persian (Farsi) language, making them relatively inaccessible to an international readership. This has resulted in a revised updated list of Iran's medically important snake species, with taxonomic revisions of some, compilation of their morphological features, remapping of their geographical distributions, and description of species-specific clinical effects of envenoming. Moreover, the antivenom manufactured in Iran is discussed, together with treatment protocols that have been developed for the hospital management of envenomed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Monzavi
- Medical Toxicology Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Farshad M Shirazi
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel E Keyler
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wüster
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution at Bangor, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | - David A Warrell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Nazari V, Lukhtanov VA, Naderi A, Fric ZF, Dincă V, Vila R. More hidden diversity in a cryptic species complex: a new subspecies of Leptideasinapis (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) from Northern Iran. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2023; 17:113-128. [PMID: 37304150 PMCID: PMC10252139 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new subspecies of Leptideasinapis from Northern Iran, discovered by means of DNA barcoding, is described as Leptideasinapistabarestanassp. nov. The new subspecies is allopatric with respect to other populations of L.sinapis and is genetically distinct, appearing as a well-supported sister clade to all other populations in COI-based phylogenetic reconstructions. Details on karyotype, genitalia, ecology and behaviour for the new subspecies are given and a biogeographical speciation scenario is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vazrick Nazari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, RussiaZoological Institute of Russian Academy of ScienceSt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Alireza Naderi
- National Natural History Museum & Genetic Resources, Tehran, IranNational Natural History Museum & Genetic ResourcesTehranIran
| | - Zdenek Faltýnek Fric
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, RomaniaUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC – Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
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7
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Ahmadi M, Hemami M, Kaboli M, Shabani F. MaxEnt brings comparable results when the input data are being completed; Model parameterization of four species distribution models. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9827. [PMID: 36820245 PMCID: PMC9937880 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) are practical tools to assess the habitat suitability of species with numerous applications in environmental management and conservation planning. The manipulation of the input data to deal with their spatial bias is one of the advantageous methods to enhance the performance of SDMs. However, the development of a model parameterization approach covering different SDMs to achieve well-performing models has rarely been implemented. We integrated input data manipulation and model tuning for four commonly-used SDMs: generalized linear model (GLM), gradient boosted model (GBM), random forest (RF), and maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and compared their predictive performance to model geographically imbalanced-biased data of a rare species complex of mountain vipers. Models were tuned up based on a range of model-specific parameters considering two background selection methods: random and background weighting schemes. The performance of the fine-tuned models was assessed based on recently identified localities of the species. The results indicated that although the fine-tuned version of all models shows great performance in predicting training data (AUC > 0.9 and TSS > 0.5), they produce different results in classifying out-of-bag data. The GBM and RF with higher sensitivity of training data showed more different performances. The GLM, despite having high predictive performance for test data, showed lower specificity. It was only the MaxEnt model that showed high predictive performance and comparable results for identifying test data in both random and background weighting procedures. Our results highlight that while GBM and RF are prone to overfitting training data and GLM over-predict nonsampled areas MaxEnt is capable of producing results that are both predictable (extrapolative) and complex (interpolative). We discuss the assumptions of each model and conclude that MaxEnt could be considered as a practical method to cope with imbalanced-biased data in species distribution modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Department of Natural ResourcesIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahanIran
| | | | - Mohammad Kaboli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran
| | - Farzin Shabani
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesCollege of Arts and Sciences, Qatar UniversityDohaQatar
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8
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Ara SR, Zarrintab M, Rajabizadeh M, Kami HG. Ecological niche modeling uncovered that Holocene warming is responsible for disjoint distribution of Zamenis persicus (Werner, 1913) (Squamata: Colubridae). ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2022.2145793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Roshan Ara
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarrintab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rajabizadeh
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
- Inria Startup Studio, AI.Nature Team, Paris, France
| | - Haji Gholi Kami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
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9
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Yousefi M, Kafash A, Nicolaï MPJ. Reptile richness and genetic divergence patterns were shaped by current and past climate in and around the
Irano‐Anatolian
global biodiversity hotspot: Implications for conservation. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Yousefi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Biology Damghan University Damghan Iran
| | - Anooshe Kafash
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Michaël P. J. Nicolaï
- Biology Department, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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10
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Yousefi M, Mahmoudi A, Kafash A, Khani A, Kryštufek B. Biogeography of rodents in Iran: species richness, elevational distribution and their environmental correlates. MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2021-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rodent biogeographic studies are disproportionately scarce in Iran, however, they are an ideal system to understand drivers of biodiversity distributions in the country. The aims of the present research are to determine (i) the pattern of rodent richness across the country, (ii) quantify their elevational distribution patterns, and (iii) explore the underlying mechanisms. To reach these goals, an updated species list was compiled based on the latest taxonomic revisions, published until December 2021. We mapped all 76 rodent species distributions to develop the first map of rodent richness in Iran. We furthermore investigated their elevational distribution patterns in the following four geographic regions based on 100 m intervals; the Zagros Mountains, north of Alborz Mountains, south of Alborz and Kopet-Dagh mountains, and central and east mountains. North-east of Iran, Zagros Mountains, Alborz Mountains, and northwestern of Iran showed the highest richness and were identified as biodiversity hotspots of rodents in the country. This study highlights the importance of past climate change as the key driver of rodent richness in Iran. We showed that rodents’ elevational distribution patterns differ among geographic regions. Areas and elevational zones with the highest species richness should be prioritized for the conservation planning of rodents in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Yousefi
- College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran , Daneshkadeh Ave. , Karaj 77871-31587 , Iran
| | - Ahmad Mahmoudi
- Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, Urmia University , Urmia , Iran
| | - Anooshe Kafash
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Khani
- Khorasan-e Razavi Provincial Office of the Department of the Environment , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Boris Kryštufek
- Slovenian Museum of Natural History , Prešernova 20, 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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11
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Andersen D, Maslova I, Purevdorj Z, Li JT, Messenger KR, Ren JL, Jang Y, Borzée A. East palearctic treefrog past and present habitat suitability using ecological niche models. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12999. [PMID: 35261821 PMCID: PMC8898549 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological niche modeling is a tool used to determine current potential species' distribution or habitat suitability models which can then be used to project suitable areas in time. Projections of suitability into past climates can identify locations of climate refugia, or areas with high climatic stability likely to contain the highest levels of genetic diversity and stable populations when climatic conditions are less suitable in other parts of the range. Modeling habitat suitability for closely related species in recent past can also reveal potential periods and regions of contact and possible admixture. In the east palearctic, there are five Dryophytes (Hylid treefrog) clades belonging to two groups: Dryophytes japonicus group: Clades A and B; and Dryophytes immaculatus group: Dryophytes immaculatus, Dryophytes flaviventris, and Dryophytes suweonensis. We used maximum entropy modeling to determine the suitable ranges of these five clades during the present and projected to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Last Interglacial (LIG) periods. We also calculated climatic stability for each clade to identify possible areas of climate refugia. Our models indicated suitable range expansion during the LGM for four clades with the exclusion of D. immaculatus. High climatic stability in our models corresponded to areas with the highest numbers of recorded occurrences in the present. The models produced here can additionally serve as baselines for models of suitability under climate change scenarios and indicate species ecological requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Andersen
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Irina Maslova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostock, Russian Federation
| | - Zoljargal Purevdorj
- Department of Biology, Scholl of Mathematic and Natural Science, Mongolian State University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,Department of Forest and Environmental Resources, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia-Tang Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Jin-Long Ren
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Response of Iranian lizards to future climate change by poleward expansion, southern contraction, and elevation shifts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2348. [PMID: 35149739 PMCID: PMC8837782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the relationships between recent Iranian lizard species distributions and the observed climate, as well as potential future distributions of species. For this purpose, an ensemble of seven algorithms was used to forecast the distributions of 30 species for the recent and future (2070) based on the averages of 14 global climate models under optimistic (RCP2.6) and pessimistic (RCP8.5) scenarios. Annual precipitation (n = 16) and annual mean temperature (n = 7) were identified as the most important variables in determining the distribution of 76.66% (23 out of 30) of the species. The consensus model predicts that the ranges of 83.33% of species (n = 25) have the potential to expand poleward at higher latitudes while preserving the majority of their recent distributions (except for four species). Furthermore, the ranges of the remaining species (n = 5) will be preserved at higher latitudes. However, they (n = 22) may contract slightly (n = 13) or excessively (n = 9) in the south of their distribution range at lower latitudes. These results indicate that species (N = 19) situated in mountainous areas such as the Zagros, Alborz, and Kopet Dagh may move or maintain their range at higher elevations as a result of future climate change. Finally, this study suggests that 30% of species (n = 9) may be threatened by future climate change and that they should be prioritized in conservation efforts.
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13
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Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Monzavi SM, Shirazi FM, Warrell DA, Mehrpour O. First report of a confirmed case of Montivipera latifii (Latifi's viper) envenoming and a literature review of envenoming by Montivipera species. Toxicon 2022; 207:48-51. [PMID: 34995557 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Latifi's viper (Montivipera latifii), also known as Lar Valley or Damavandi viper, is endemic to Iran. It has rarely been recorded, as it occurs in a highly-protected national park. In this first clinical report of a confirmed bite by this species, a teenage girl was bitten on the chin, causing rapidly-progressive swelling of the face and oropharyngeal mucosa. At a local hospital, a misleading history given by the patient's relatives of a wasp sting and inadequate inspection of the bite wound misled the physicians from making the correct diagnosis, resulting in a considerable delay in the administration of antivenom. This allowed the development of partial obstruction of the upper airway causing respiratory distress. After transfer to a tertiary hospital, attempts at endotracheal intubation failed, necessitating tracheostomy, but this was not implemented early enough to prevent her developing respiratory failure and losing consciousness. After she was stabilized, snakebite envenoming was diagnosed by a clinical toxicologist who observed two fang puncture marks on her chin. This was later confirmed when a snake, identified as M. latifii, was discovered at the room where the bite had occurred. Her facial swelling and ecchymosis, attributable to envenoming, were effectively controlled by high-dose antivenom therapy. However, she did not recover consciousness, remaining in a vegetative state. About three weeks after the bite, she died as an indirect result of hypoxic brain damage complicated by septicemia. Prompt diagnosis, relief of upper airway obstruction and timely antivenom therapy might have prevented this tragic fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Monzavi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Mazda Shirazi
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Warrell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Scientific Unlimited Horizon, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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14
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Kafash A, Ashrafi S, Yousefi M. Biogeography of bats in Iran: Mapping and disentangling environmental and historical drivers of bat richness. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anooshe Kafash
- Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Sohrab Ashrafi
- Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- School of Biology College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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15
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Pintor AF, Ray N, Longbottom J, Bravo-Vega CA, Yousefi M, Murray KA, Ediriweera DS, Diggle PJ. Addressing the global snakebite crisis with geo-spatial analyses - Recent advances and future direction. Toxicon X 2021; 11:100076. [PMID: 34401744 PMCID: PMC8350508 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Venomous snakebite is a neglected tropical disease that annually leads to hundreds of thousands of deaths or long-term physical and mental ailments across the developing world. Insufficient data on spatial variation in snakebite risk, incidence, human vulnerability, and accessibility of medical treatment contribute substantially to ineffective on-ground management. There is an urgent need to collect data, fill knowledge gaps and address on-ground management problems. The use of novel, and transdisciplinary approaches that take advantage of recent advances in spatio-temporal models, 'big data', high performance computing, and fine-scale spatial information can add value to snakebite management by strategically improving our understanding and mitigation capacity of snakebite. We review the background and recent advances on the topic of snakebite related geospatial analyses and suggest avenues for priority research that will have practical on-ground applications for snakebite management and mitigation. These include streamlined, targeted data collection on snake distributions, snakebites, envenomings, venom composition, health infrastructure, and antivenom accessibility along with fine-scale models of spatio-temporal variation in snakebite risk and incidence, intraspecific venom variation, and environmental change modifying human exposure. These measures could improve and 'future-proof' antivenom production methods, antivenom distribution and stockpiling systems, and human-wildlife conflict management practices, while simultaneously feeding into research on venom evolution, snake taxonomy, ecology, biogeography, and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F.V. Pintor
- Division of Data, Analytics and Delivery for Impact (DDI), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Nicolas Ray
- GeoHealth Group, Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Longbottom
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos A. Bravo-Vega
- Research Group in Mathematical and Computational Biology (BIOMAC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Kris A. Murray
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, UK
- MRC Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Blvd, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Dileepa S. Ediriweera
- Health Data Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Peter J. Diggle
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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16
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Jordaan A, Heideman NJL, Buschke FT. Topography‐derived variables provide insight into habitat occupancy of a cryptic snake,
Bitis atropos. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan Jordaan
- Department of Zoology & Entomology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300South Africa
| | - Neil J. L. Heideman
- Department of Zoology & Entomology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300South Africa
| | - Falko T. Buschke
- Centre for Environmental Management University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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17
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Vaissi S. Historic range dynamics in Kaiser's mountain newt ( Neurergus kaiseri): Insights from phylogeographic analyses and species distribution modeling. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7622-7633. [PMID: 34188839 PMCID: PMC8216884 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable Kaiser's mountain newt, Neurergus kaiseri, is endemic to highland streams, springs, and pools of the southwestern Zagros mountain, Iran. The present study aimed to use an integration of phylogeographical and species distribution modeling (SDM) approaches to provide new insights into the evolutionary history of the species throughout Quaternary climate oscillations. The phylogeographical analysis was followed by analyzing two mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) markers including 127 control region (D-loop) and 72 NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) sequences from 15 populations in the entire species range that were obtained from GenBank. Potential recent and past distribution (the Last Glacial Maximum, LGM, 21 Kya and the Mid-Holocene, 6 Kya) reconstructed by ensemble SDM using nine algorithms with CCSM4, MIROC-ESM, and MPI-ESM-P models. N. kaiseri displayed two distinct lineages in the northern and southern regions that diverged in the Early-Pleistocene. The demographics analysis showed signs of a slight increase in effective population size for both northern and southern populations in the Mid-Pleistocene. Biogeography analysis showed that both vicariance and dispersal events played an important role in the formation of recent species distribution of N. kaiseri. Based on SDM projection onto paleoclimatic data, N. kaiseri displayed a scenario of past range expansion that followed by postglacial contraction. The models showed that the distribution range of the species may have shifted to a lower altitude during LGM while with amelioration of climatic during Mid-Holocene to recent conditions caused the species to shift to the higher altitude. The findings of the current study support the hypothesis that the Zagros mountains may be acting as climatic refugia and play an important role in the protection of isolated populations during climate oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Vaissi
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceRazi UniversityKermanshahIran
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18
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Kafash A, Ashrafi S, Yousefi M, Rastegar-Pouyani E, Rajabizadeh M, Ahmadzadeh F, Grünig M, Pellissier L. Reptile species richness associated to ecological and historical variables in Iran. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18167. [PMID: 33097758 PMCID: PMC7584626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial gradients of species richness can be shaped by the interplay between historical and ecological factors. They might interact in particularly complex ways in heterogeneous mountainous landscapes with strong climatic and geological contrasts. We mapped the distribution of 171 lizard species to investigate species richness patterns for all species (171), diurnal species (101), and nocturnal species (70) separately. We related species richness with the historical (past climate change, mountain uplifting) and ecological variables (climate, topography and vegetation). We found that assemblages in the Western Zagros Mountains, north eastern and north western parts of Central Iranian Plateau have the highest number of lizard species. Among the investigated variables, annual mean temperature explained the largest variance for all species (10%) and nocturnal species (31%). For diurnal species, temperature change velocity shows strongest explained variance in observed richness pattern (26%). Together, our results reveal that areas with annual temperature of 15–20 °C, which receive 400–600 mm precipitation and experienced moderate level of climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have highest number of species. Documented patterns of our study provide a baseline for understanding the potential effect of ongoing climate change on lizard diversity in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anooshe Kafash
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sohrab Ashrafi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. .,Ecology and Conservation Research Group (ECRG), Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Ecology and Conservation Research Group (ECRG), Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Rajabizadeh
- Department of Computer Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraham Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marc Grünig
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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19
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Yousefi M, Kafash A, Khani A, Nabati N. Applying species distribution models in public health research by predicting snakebite risk using venomous snakes' habitat suitability as an indicating factor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18073. [PMID: 33093515 PMCID: PMC7582189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is an important public health problem in Iran, despite its risk not being quantified. This study aims to use venomous snakes' habitat suitability as an indicator of snakebite risk, to identify high-priority areas for snakebite management across the country. Thus, an ensemble approach using five distribution modelling methods: Generalized Boosted Models, Generalized Additive Models, Maximum Entropy Modelling, Generalized Linear Models, and Random Forest was applied to produce a spatial snakebite risk model for Iran. To achieve this, four venomous snakes' habitat suitability (Macrovipera lebetinus, Echis carinatus, Pseudocerastes persicus and Naja oxiana) were modelled and then multiplied. These medically important snakes are responsible for the most snakebite incidents in Iran. Multiplying habitat suitability models of the four snakes showed that the northeast of Iran (west of Khorasan-e-Razavi province) has the highest snakebite risk in the country. In addition, villages that were at risk of envenoming from the four snakes were identified. Results revealed that 51,112 villages are at risk of envenoming from M. lebetinus, 30,339 from E. carinatus, 51,657 from P. persicus and 12,124 from N. oxiana. Precipitation seasonality was identified as the most important variable influencing distribution of the P. persicus, E. carinatus and M. lebetinus in Iran. Precipitation of the driest quarter was the most important predictor of suitable habitats of the N. oxiana. Since climatic variables play an important role in shaping the distribution of the four venomous snakes in Iran, thus their distribution may alter with changing climate. This paper demonstrates application of species distribution modelling in public health research and identified potential snakebite risk areas in Iran by using venomous snakes' habitat suitability models as an indicating factor. Results of this study can be used in snakebite and human-snake conflict management in Iran. We recommend increasing public awareness of snakebite envenoming and education of local people in areas which identified with the highest snakebite risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Anooshe Kafash
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Khani
- Khorasan-e-Razavi Provincial Office of the Department of the Environment, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Nabati
- Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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20
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Malakoutikhah S, Fakheran S, Hemami M, Tarkesh M, Senn J. Assessing future distribution, suitability of corridors and efficiency of protected areas to conserve vulnerable ungulates under climate change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Malakoutikhah
- Department of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Sima Fakheran
- Department of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Mahmoud‐Reza Hemami
- Department of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Mostafa Tarkesh
- Department of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Josef Senn
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
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21
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Marshall BM, Strine CT. Exploring snake occurrence records: Spatial biases and marginal gains from accessible social media. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8059. [PMID: 31871833 PMCID: PMC6924322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A species' distribution provides fundamental information on: climatic niche, biogeography, and conservation status. Species distribution models often use occurrence records from biodiversity databases, subject to spatial and taxonomic biases. Deficiencies in occurrence data can lead to incomplete species distribution estimates. We can incorporate other data sources to supplement occurrence datasets. The general public is creating (via GPS-enabled cameras to photograph wildlife) incidental occurrence records that may present an opportunity to improve species distribution models. We investigated (1) occurrence data of a cryptic group of animals: non-marine snakes, in a biodiversity database (Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)) and determined (2) whether incidental occurrence records extracted from geo-tagged social media images (Flickr) could improve distribution models for 18 tropical snake species. We provide R code to search for and extract data from images using Flickr's API. We show the biodiversity database's 302,386 records disproportionately originate from North America, Europe and Oceania (250,063, 82.7%), with substantial gaps in tropical areas that host the highest snake diversity. North America, Europe and Oceania averaged several hundred records per species; whereas Asia, Africa and South America averaged less than 35 per species. Occurrence density showed similar patterns; Asia, Africa and South America have roughly ten-fold fewer records per 100 km2than other regions. Social media provided 44,687 potential records. However, including them in distribution models only marginally impacted niche estimations; niche overlap indices were consistently over 0.9. Similarly, we show negligible differences in Maxent model performance between models trained using GBIF-only and Flickr-supplemented datasets. Model performance appeared dependent on species, rather than number of occurrences or training dataset. We suggest that for tropical snakes, accessible social media currently fails to deliver appreciable benefits for estimating species distributions; but due to the variation between species and the rapid growth in social media data, may still be worth considering in future contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Marshall
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Colin T Strine
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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22
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Biodiversity hotspots for modeled habitat patches and corridors of species richness and threatened species of reptiles in central Iran. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-019-1335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Behrooz R, Kaboli M, Arnal V, Nazarizadeh M, Asadi A, Salmanian A, Ahmadi M, Montgelard C. Conservation Below the Species Level: Suitable Evolutionarily Significant Units among Mountain Vipers (the Montivipera raddei complex) in Iran. J Hered 2019; 109:416-425. [PMID: 29401236 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Northern and western mountains of Iran are among the most important biodiversity and endemism hot spots for reptiles in the Middle East. Among herpetofauna, the montivipers represent an emblematic and fragmented endemic group for which estimating their level of genetic differentiation and defining conservation priorities is urgently needed. Here, we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic study on the Montivipera raddei species group comprising all 5 known taxa, among which 3 are endemic to Iran. Based on 2 mitochondrial genes, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses revealed 3 major lineages each presenting very contrasting distribution areas. The Iranian montivipers are highly structured in clades showing low genetic diversity and corresponding to high altitude summits. Molecular dating revealed the role of Quaternary paleo-climatic oscillations and altitudinal movements of montivipers in shaping genetic diversity and differentiation of these sky-island taxa. In addition, the best scenario of historical biogeography allowed identifying 3 possible refugial areas in Iran most likely arising by vicariance. Based on our mitochondrial results and pending additional data, we recognize 3 candidate species among the M. raddei complex: M. raddei, Montivipera latifii, and Montivipera kuhrangica that are coherent with their geographical distribution. We propose that the most appropriate evolutionary significant units for conservation of the montivipers are represented by 13 units among which 6 are recognized as high priority. Finally, we suggest some recommendations to the IUCN as well as to the Iranian conservation policies with respect to conservation prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Behrooz
- CEFE, PSL-EPHE (Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés), CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mohammad Kaboli
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Véronique Arnal
- CEFE, PSL-EPHE (Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés), CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Masoud Nazarizadeh
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Atefeh Asadi
- CEFE, PSL-EPHE (Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés), CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Amin Salmanian
- Department of Natural Resources Engineering (Habitats and Biodiversity), Faculty of Environment and Energy (FEE), Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ahmadi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Claudine Montgelard
- CEFE, PSL-EPHE (Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés), CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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24
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Masoud Yousefi, Kafash A, Valizadegan N, Ilanloo SS, Rajabizadeh M, Malekoutikhah S, Yousefkhani SSH, Ashrafi S. Climate Change is a Major Problem for Biodiversity Conservation: A Systematic Review of Recent Studies in Iran. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425519040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Ahmadi M, Hemami MR, Kaboli M, Malekian M, Zimmermann NE. Extinction risks of a Mediterranean neo-endemism complex of mountain vipers triggered by climate change. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6332. [PMID: 31004118 PMCID: PMC6474857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is among the most important drivers of biodiversity decline through shift or shrinkage in suitable habitat of species. Mountain vipers of the genus Montivipera are under extreme risk from climate changes given their evolutionary history and geographic distribution. In this study, we divided all Montivipera species into three phylogenetic-geographic Montivipera clades (PGMC; Bornmuelleri, Raddei and Xanthina) and applied an ensemble ecological niche modelling (ENM) approach under different climatic scenarios to assess changes in projected suitable habitats of these species. Based on the predicted range losses, we assessed the projected extinction risk of the species relative to IUCN Red List Criteria. Our result revealed a strong decline in suitable habitats for all PGMCs (63.8%, 79.3% and 96.8% for Xanthina, Raddei and Bornmuelleri, respectively, by 2070 and under 8.5 RCP scenario) with patterns of altitudinal range shifts in response to projected climate change. We found that the mountains close to the Mediterranean Sea are exposed to the highest threats in the future (84.6 ± 9.1 percent range loss). We also revealed that disjunct populations of Montivipera will be additionally highly isolated and fragmented in the future. We argue that leveraging climate niche projections into the risk assessment provides the opportunity to implement IUCN criteria and better assess forthcoming extinction risks of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Hemami
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kaboli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Malekian
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
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26
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Afroosheh M, Rödder D, Mikulicek P, Akmali V, Vaissi S, Fleck J, Schneider W, Sharifi M. Mitochondrial DNA variation and Quaternary range dynamics in the endangered Yellow Spotted Mountain Newt, Neurergus derjugini
(Caudata, Salamandridae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Herpetology Section; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK); Bonn Germany
| | - Peter Mikulicek
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia Republic
| | - Vahid Akmali
- Department of Biology; Bagabrisham; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Somaye Vaissi
- Department of Biology; Bagabrisham; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
| | | | | | - Mozafar Sharifi
- Department of Biology; Bagabrisham; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
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27
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Asadi A, Montgelard C, Nazarizadeh M, Moghaddasi A, Fatemizadeh F, Simonov E, Kami HG, Kaboli M. Evolutionary history and postglacial colonization of an Asian pit viper (Gloydius halys caucasicus) into Transcaucasia revealed by phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1224. [PMID: 30718614 PMCID: PMC6362119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been generally acknowledged that glacial climates at the time of the Pleistocene altered the patterns of species distributions, prompting latitudinal and altitudinal distribution shifts in several species, including poikilothermic species commonly known for their thermal sensitivity. However, the historical phylogeographic patterns of such species have remained largely unknown. Here, we present the historical biogeographic, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic relationships of the Caucasian pit viper, G. h. caucasicus, based on two mtDNA (cyt b and ND4) and one nDNA (c-mos) genes. This pit viper represents the westernmost member of the Crotalinae subfamily in the Palearctic and occurs in a variety of habitats, from 30 m to 3,000 m above sea level. In Iran, it is distributed on the northern and southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains, rendering it a target for phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies of a terrestrial poikilothermic animal. Our study identified four Iranian lineages of G. h. caucasicus along the northeastern to northwestern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern Azerbaijan (Talysh Mountains). Diversification of the Iranian lineages highlights population expansion and subsequent isolation into four plausible refugial areas during the Quaternary paleo-climatic oscillations, confirmed by our molecular dating and historical biogeographic analyses. The results of coalescence-based simulations support the incursion of the species from northeastern Iran to the western end of the Alborz, and then toward Transcaucasia via two directions: northern and southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains. Furthermore, our results clearly implied that G. h. caucasicus should be elevated to species rank and further referred to as G. caucasicus (Nikolsky, 1916).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Asadi
- CEFE, PSL-EPHE (Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés), CNRS, University Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudine Montgelard
- CEFE, PSL-EPHE (Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés), CNRS, University Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Masoud Nazarizadeh
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Akram Moghaddasi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Faezeh Fatemizadeh
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Evgeniy Simonov
- Laboratory of Forest Genomics Siberian Federal University, 660036, Akademgorodok 50a/2, rasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Haji Gholi Kami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kaboli
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
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Heshmati I, Khorasani N, Shams-Esfandabad B, Riazi B. Forthcoming risk of Prosopis juliflora global invasion triggered by climate change: implications for environmental monitoring and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:72. [PMID: 30648210 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate is a determinant factor in species distribution and climate change will affect the species abilities to occupy geographic regions. Prosopis juliflora is one of the most problematic invasive species and its biological invasion causes various negative effects in tropical, arid, and semi-arid regions of the world. As eradication efforts subsequent to the establishment of an alien invasive species are costly and time-consuming, assessing patterns of the introduction of an invasive species to new regions is among the most cost-effective means of monitoring and management of natural ecosystems. In this study by using the concept of species distribution modeling (SDM) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method, the effect of climate change on the current and future distribution of P. juliflora has been assessed at a global scale. Bioclimatic variables in current condition and 2050 regarding two global circulation models (GCM) and two climate change scenarios were considered as explanatory variables. Our results showed that annual mean temperature (BIO1), annual precipitation (BIO12), and temperature mean diurnal range (BIO2) represented more than 87% of the variations in the model, and with an AUC of 0.854 and TSS of 0.51, the model showed a good predictive performance. Our results indicate that on a global scale, suitable ranges for P. juliflora increase across all the GCM and RCP scenarios. In a global scale, Mediterranean Basin, Middle East, and North America are regions with the highest risk of range expansion in the future. Regarding the negative impacts of P. juliflora on structure and function of natural habitats in the invaded areas, findings of this study could be considered as a warning appliance for the environmental monitoring of the regions highly sensitive to the global invasion of the species. We suggest that assessing impacts of climate change on the global distribution of the invasive species could be used as an efficient tool to implement broad-scale and priority-setting monitoring programs in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Heshmati
- Department of Environment Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematollah Khorasani
- Department of Environment Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahman Shams-Esfandabad
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Borhan Riazi
- Department of Environment Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Mahmoudi Shamsabad M, Assadi M, Parducci L. Impact of climate change implies the northward shift in distribution of the Irano-Turanian subalpine species complex Acanthophyllum squarrosum. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Ashoori A, Kafash A, Varasteh Moradi H, Yousefi M, Kamyab H, Behdarvand N, Mohammadi S. Habitat modeling of the common pheasant Phasianus colchicus (Galliformes: Phasianidae) in a highly modified landscape: application of species distribution models in the study of a poorly documented bird in Iran. EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2018.1510994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ashoori
- Gilan Provincial Office of the Department of the Environment, Rasht, Iran
| | - A. Kafash
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H. Varasteh Moradi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - M. Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H. Kamyab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - N. Behdarvand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - S. Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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Kafash A, Malakoutikhah S, Yousefi M, Ataei F, Heidari H, Rastegar-Pouyani E. The Gray Toad-headed Agama, Phrynocephalus scutellatus, on the Iranian Plateau: The degree of niche overlap depends on the phylogenetic distance. ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2017.1401309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anooshe Kafash
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Plateau Ecology and Conservation Research Group, Alborz Environmental Society, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shima Malakoutikhah
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Plateau Ecology and Conservation Research Group, Alborz Environmental Society, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Heidari
- Iranian Plateau Ecology and Conservation Research Group, Alborz Environmental Society, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Fishery and Environmental Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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