1
|
Khalili E, Lakzaei M, Aminian M. Neutralizing anti-diphtheria toxin scFv produced by phage display. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:385-398. [PMID: 38607601 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diphtheria can be prevented by vaccination, but some epidemics occur in several places, and diphtheria's threat is considerable. Administration of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) produced from hyperimmunized animals is the most common treatment. Recombinant human antibody fragments such as single-chain variable fragments (scFv) produced by phage display library may introduce an interesting approach to overcome the limitations of the traditional antibody therapy. In the present study, B cells of immunized volunteers were used to construct a human single-chain fragment (HuscFv) library. MATERIALS AND METHODS The library was constructed with the maximum combination of heavy and light chains. As an antigen, Diphtheria toxoid (DTd) was used in four-round phage bio-panning to select phage clones that display DTd bound HuscFv from the library. After panning, individual scFv clones were selected. Clones that were able to detect DTd in an initial screening assay were transferred to Escherichia coli HB2151 to express the scFvs and purification was followed by Ni metal ion affinity chromatography. Toxin neutralization test was performed on Vero cells. The reactivity of the soluble scFv with diphtheria toxin were done and affinity calculation based on Beatty method was calculated. RESULTS The size of the constructed scFv library was calculated to be 1.3 × 106 members. Following four rounds of selection, 40 antibody clones were isolated which showed positive reactivity with DTd in an ELISA assay. Five clones were able to neutralize DTd in Vero cell assay. These neutralizing clones were used for soluble expression and purification of scFv fragments. Some of these soluble scFv fragments show neutralizing activity ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 µg against twofold cytotoxic dose of diphtheria toxin. The affinity constant of the selected scFv antibody was determined almost 107 M-1. CONCLUSION This study describes the prosperous construction and isolation of scFv from the immune library, which specifically neutralizes diphtheria toxin. The HuscFv produced in this study can be a potential candidate to substitute the animal antibody for treating diphtheria and detecting toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Khalili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Lakzaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aminian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu J, Jiang Y, Guo J, Chen L, Liu F, Li Z, Liu X, Du P, Yu Y, Wang R, Yang Z. A human bispecific antibody neutralizes botulinum neurotoxin serotype A. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20806. [PMID: 38012220 PMCID: PMC10681988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) shows high lethality and toxicity, marking it as an important biological threat. The only effective post-exposure therapy is botulinum antitoxin; however, such products have great potential for improvement. To prevent or treat BoNT, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising agents. Herein, we aimed to construct a bispecific antibody (termed LUZ-A1-A3) based on the anti-BoNT/A human monoclonal antibodies (HMAb) A1 and A3. LUZ-A1-A3 binds to the Hc and L-HN domains of BoNT/A, displaying potent neutralization activity against BoNT/A (124 × higher than that of HMAb A1 or HMAb A3 alone and 15 × higher than that of the A1 + A3 combination). LUZ-A1-A3 provided effective protection against BoNT/A in an in vivo mouse model. Mice were protected from infection with 500 × LD50 of BoNT/A by LUZ-A1-A3 from up to 7 days before intraperitoneal administration of BoNT/A. We also demonstrated the effective therapeutic capacity of LUZ-A1-A3 against BoNT/A in a mouse model. LUZ-A1-A3 (5 μg/mouse) neutralized 20 × LD50 of BoNT/A at 3 h after intraperitoneal BoNT/A administration and complete neutralized 20 × LD50 of BoNT/A at 0.5 h after intraperitoneal BoNT/A administration. Thus, LUZ-A1-A3 is a promising agent for the pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment of BoNT/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Lu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazheng Guo
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Fujia Liu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu S, Zhang L, Wang A, Jin Y, Zhou D. Nanobodies: the Potential Application in Bacterial Treatment and Diagnosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115640. [PMID: 37315818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An infection caused by bacteria is one of the main factors that poses a threat to human health. A recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted that bacteria that cause blood infections have become increasingly drug-resistant. Therefore, it is crucial to research and develop new techniques for detecting and treating these infections. Since their discovery, nanobodies have exhibited numerous outstanding biological properties. They are easy to express, modify, and have high stability, robust permeability and low immunogenicity, all of which indicate their potential as a substitute. Nanobodies have been utilized in a variety of studies on viruses and cancer. This article primarily focuses on nanobodies and introduces their characteristics and application in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational&Technical College, Xianyang, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heine PA, Ruschig M, Langreder N, Wenzel EV, Schubert M, Bertoglio F, Hust M. Antibody Selection in Solution Using Magnetic Beads. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2702:261-274. [PMID: 37679624 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3381-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibody phage display is a valuable in vitro technology to generate recombinant, sequence-defined antibodies for research, diagnostics, and therapy. Up to now (autumn 2022), 14 FDA/EMA-approved therapeutic antibodies were developed using phage display, including the world best-selling antibody adalimumab. Additionally, recombinant, sequence-defined antibodies have significant advantages over their polyclonal counterparts.For a successful in vitro antibody generation by phage display, a suitable panning strategy is highly important. We present in this book chapter the panning in solution and its advantages over panning with immobilized antigens and give detailed protocols for the panning and screening procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Alexander Heine
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Departments Biotechnology and Medical Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Departments Biotechnology and Medical Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nora Langreder
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Departments Biotechnology and Medical Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Maren Schubert
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Departments Biotechnology and Medical Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Federico Bertoglio
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Departments Biotechnology and Medical Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Choose Life Biotech SA, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Departments Biotechnology and Medical Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahdavi SZB, Oroojalian F, Eyvazi S, Hejazi M, Baradaran B, Pouladi N, Tohidkia MR, Mokhtarzadeh A, Muyldermans S. An overview on display systems (phage, bacterial, and yeast display) for production of anticancer antibodies; advantages and disadvantages. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:421-442. [PMID: 35339499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies as ideal therapeutic and diagnostic molecules are among the top-selling drugs providing considerable efficacy in disease treatment, especially in cancer therapy. Limitations of the hybridoma technology as routine antibody generation method in conjunction with numerous developments in molecular biology led to the development of alternative approaches for the streamlined identification of most effective antibodies. In this regard, display selection technologies such as phage display, bacterial display, and yeast display have been widely promoted over the past three decades as ideal alternatives to traditional methods. The display of antibodies on phages is probably the most widespread of these methods, although surface display on bacteria or yeast have been employed successfully, as well. These methods using various sizes of combinatorial antibody libraries and different selection strategies possessing benefits in screening potency, generating, and isolation of high affinity antibodies with low risk of immunogenicity. Knowing the basics of each method assists in the design and retrieval process of antibodies suitable for different diseases, including cancer. In this review, we aim to outline the basics of each library construction and its display method, screening and selection steps. The advantages and disadvantages in comparison to alternative methods, and their applications in antibody engineering will be explained. Finally, we will review approved or non-approved therapeutic antibodies developed by employing these methods, which may serve as therapeutic antibodies in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hejazi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Pouladi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China..
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Lu J, Tan X, Wang R, Xu Q, Yu Y, Yang Z. Functional EL-HN Fragment as a Potent Candidate Vaccine for the Prevention of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype E. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020135. [PMID: 35202162 PMCID: PMC8880310 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which is the most toxic known protein and the causative agent of human botulism. BoNTs have similar structures and functions, comprising three functional domains: catalytic domain (L), translocation domain (HN), and receptor-binding domain (Hc). In the present study, BoNT/E was selected as a model toxin to further explore the immunological significance of each domain. The EL-HN fragment (L and HN domains of BoNT/E) retained the enzymatic activity without in vivo neurotoxicity. Extensive investigations showed EL-HN functional fragment had the highest protective efficacy and contained some functional neutralizing epitopes. Further experiments demonstrated the EL-HN provided a superior protective effect compared with the EHc or EHc and EL-HN combination. Thus, the EL-HN played an important role in immune protection against BoNT/E and could provide an excellent platform for the design of botulinum vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. The EL-HN has the potential to replace EHc or toxoid as the optimal immunogen for the botulinum vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.L.); (J.L.); (X.T.); (R.W.)
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiansheng Lu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.L.); (J.L.); (X.T.); (R.W.)
| | - Xiao Tan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.L.); (J.L.); (X.T.); (R.W.)
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.L.); (J.L.); (X.T.); (R.W.)
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.L.); (J.L.); (X.T.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.L.); (J.L.); (X.T.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roth KDR, Wenzel EV, Ruschig M, Steinke S, Langreder N, Heine PA, Schneider KT, Ballmann R, Fühner V, Kuhn P, Schirrmann T, Frenzel A, Dübel S, Schubert M, Moreira GMSG, Bertoglio F, Russo G, Hust M. Developing Recombinant Antibodies by Phage Display Against Infectious Diseases and Toxins for Diagnostics and Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:697876. [PMID: 34307196 PMCID: PMC8294040 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.697876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential molecules for diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by pathogens and their toxins. Antibodies were integrated in our medical repertoire against infectious diseases more than hundred years ago by using animal sera to treat tetanus and diphtheria. In these days, most developed therapeutic antibodies target cancer or autoimmune diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic was a reminder about the importance of antibodies for therapy against infectious diseases. While monoclonal antibodies could be generated by hybridoma technology since the 70ies of the former century, nowadays antibody phage display, among other display technologies, is robustly established to discover new human monoclonal antibodies. Phage display is an in vitro technology which confers the potential for generating antibodies from universal libraries against any conceivable molecule of sufficient size and omits the limitations of the immune systems. If convalescent patients or immunized/infected animals are available, it is possible to construct immune phage display libraries to select in vivo affinity-matured antibodies. A further advantage is the availability of the DNA sequence encoding the phage displayed antibody fragment, which is packaged in the phage particles. Therefore, the selected antibody fragments can be rapidly further engineered in any needed antibody format according to the requirements of the final application. In this review, we present an overview of phage display derived recombinant antibodies against bacterial, viral and eukaryotic pathogens, as well as microbial toxins, intended for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Daniel Ralph Roth
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Steinke
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nora Langreder
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philip Alexander Heine
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai-Thomas Schneider
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rico Ballmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Fühner
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Dübel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Schubert
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Federico Bertoglio
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wenzel EV, Bosnak M, Tierney R, Schubert M, Brown J, Dübel S, Efstratiou A, Sesardic D, Stickings P, Hust M. Human antibodies neutralizing diphtheria toxin in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:571. [PMID: 31953428 PMCID: PMC6969050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The bacterium primarily infects the throat and upper airways and the produced diphtheria toxin (DT), which binds to the elongation factor 2 and blocks protein synthesis, can spread through the bloodstream and affect organs, such as the heart and kidneys. For more than 125 years, the therapy against diphtheria has been based on polyclonal horse sera directed against DT (diphtheria antitoxin; DAT). Animal sera have many disadvantages including serum sickness, batch-to-batch variation in quality and the use of animals for production. In this work, 400 human recombinant antibodies were generated against DT from two different phage display panning strategies using a human immune library. A panning in microtiter plates resulted in 22 unique in vitro neutralizing antibodies and a panning in solution combined with a functional neutralization screening resulted in 268 in vitro neutralizing antibodies. 61 unique antibodies were further characterized as scFv-Fc with 35 produced as fully human IgG1. The best in vitro neutralizing antibody showed an estimated relative potency of 454 IU/mg and minimal effective dose 50% (MED50%) of 3.0 pM at a constant amount of DT (4x minimal cytopathic dose) in the IgG format. The targeted domains of the 35 antibodies were analyzed by immunoblot and by epitope mapping using phage display. All three DT domains (enzymatic domain, translocation domain and receptor binding domain) are targets for neutralizing antibodies. When toxin neutralization assays were performed at higher toxin dose levels, the neutralizing capacity of individual antibodies was markedly reduced but this was largely compensated for by using two or more antibodies in combination, resulting in a potency of 79.4 IU/mg in the in vivo intradermal challenge assay. These recombinant antibody combinations are candidates for further clinical and regulatory development to replace equine DAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Margarita Bosnak
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Tierney
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Maren Schubert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Brown
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Androulla Efstratiou
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Diphtheria and Streptococcal Infections, London, UK
| | - Dorothea Sesardic
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Stickings
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Russo G, Theisen U, Fahr W, Helmsing S, Hust M, Köster RW, Dübel S. Sequence defined antibodies improve the detection of cadherin 2 (N-cadherin) during zebrafish development. N Biotechnol 2018; 45:98-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
10
|
Post-Exposure Protection in Mice against Sudan Virus by a Two Antibody Cocktail. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060286. [PMID: 29861435 PMCID: PMC6024315 DOI: 10.3390/v10060286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudan virus (SUDV) and Ebola viruses (EBOV) are both members of the Ebolavirus genus and have been sources of epidemics and outbreaks for several decades. We present here the generation and characterization of cross-reactive antibodies to both SUDV and EBOV, which were produced in a cell-free system and protective against SUDV in mice. A non-human primate, cynomolgus macaque, was immunized with viral-replicon particles expressing the glycoprotein of SUDV-Boniface (8A). Two separate antibody fragment phage display libraries were constructed after four immunogen injections. Both libraries were screened first against the SUDV and a second library was cross-selected against EBOV-Kikwit. Sequencing of 288 selected clones from the two distinct libraries identified 58 clones with distinct VH and VL sequences. Many of these clones were cross-reactive to EBOV and SUDV and able to neutralize SUDV. Three of these recombinant antibodies (X10B1, X10F3, and X10H2) were produced in the scFv-Fc format utilizing a cell-free production system. Mice that were challenged with SUDV-Boniface receiving 100µg of the X10B1/X10H2 scFv-Fc combination 6 and 48-h post-exposure demonstrated partial protection individually and complete protection as a combination. The data herein suggests these antibodies may be promising candidates for further therapeutic development.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Rapidly after the clinical success of the first murine therapeutic antibody licensed in 1985 (muromomab-CD3), the first limits of the therapeutic use of antibodies deriving from hybridoma technology appeared. Indeed, the nonhuman nature of these therapeutic antibodies makes them immunogenic when administrated to patients, which develop anti-drug antibodies (ADA). If repeated drug-administrations are needed, the immune response will accelerate the elimination of the drug, leading to a therapeutic failure, or in the worst case to an anaphylactic reaction against the murine protein. Several antibody generations were then developed to obtain better-tolerated molecules: chimeric, humanized, and fully human antibodies. The first antibody generation is fully based on cellular technology (mice hybridoma technology), but the next generations are improved by molecular engineering. Immune antibody phage-display libraries are one successful approach to isolating such engineered antibodies. One strategy to isolate high-affinity and well-tolerated antibodies when no immunized patients are available is based on the phage-display-screening of immune libraries deriving from immunized nonhuman primates, which are phylogenetically close to humans. This chapter presents the strategy for the construction of macaque antibody immune-libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Avril
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, unité biothérapies anti-infectieuses et immunité, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place du Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | | | - Michael Hust
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thibaut Pelat
- BIOTEM, Parc d'activité Bièvre Dauphine 885, rue Alphonse Gourju, 38140, Apprieu, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rasetti-Escargueil C, Avril A, Miethe S, Mazuet C, Derman Y, Selby K, Thullier P, Pelat T, Urbain R, Fontayne A, Korkeala H, Sesardic D, Hust M, Popoff MR. The European AntibotABE Framework Program and Its Update: Development of Innovative Botulinum Antibodies. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100309. [PMID: 28974033 PMCID: PMC5666356 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the AntiBotABE Program was the development of recombinant antibodies that neutralize botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) A, B and E. These serotypes are lethal and responsible for most human botulinum cases. To improve therapeutic efficacy, the heavy and light chains (HC and LC) of the three BoNT serotypes were targeted to achieve a synergistic effect (oligoclonal antibodies). For antibody isolation, macaques were immunized with the recombinant and non-toxic BoNT/A, B or E, HC or LC, followed by the generation of immune phage-display libraries. Antibodies were selected from these libraries against the holotoxin and further analyzed in in vitro and ex vivo assays. For each library, the best ex vivo neutralizing antibody fragments were germline-humanized and expressed as immunoglobulin G (IgGs). The IgGs were tested in vivo, in a standardized model of protection, and challenged with toxins obtained from collections of Clostridium strains. Protective antibody combinations against BoNT/A and BoNT/B were evidenced and for BoNT/E, the anti-LC antibody alone was found highly protective. The combination of these five antibodies as an oligoclonal antibody cocktail can be clinically and regulatorily developed while their high “humanness” predicts a high tolerance in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Avril
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA-CRSSA), Département de Microbiologie, Unité de Biotechnologie des Anticorps et Des Toxins, Cedex 38702 La Tronche, France.
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Biothérapies anti-Infectieuses et Immunité, 1 Place du Général Valérie André, BP73, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Sebastian Miethe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and YUMAB GmbH, Rebenring 33, Braunschweig 38106, Germany.
| | - Christelle Mazuet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, 25 Avenue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Yagmur Derman
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katja Selby
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Philippe Thullier
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA-CRSSA), Département de Microbiologie, Unité de Biotechnologie des Anticorps et Des Toxins, Cedex 38702 La Tronche, France.
| | - Thibaut Pelat
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA-CRSSA), Département de Microbiologie, Unité de Biotechnologie des Anticorps et Des Toxins, Cedex 38702 La Tronche, France.
- BIOTEM, Parc d'activité Bièvre Dauphine 885, Rue Alphonse Gourju, 38140 Apprieu, France.
| | - Remi Urbain
- LFB Biotechnologies, Therapeutic Innovation Department, 59, Rue de Trévise, BP 2006-59011 Lille Cedex, France.
- Ecdysis Pharma, Bioincubateur Eurasanté, 70 Rue du Dr Yersin, 59120 Loos, France.
| | - Alexandre Fontayne
- LFB Biotechnologies, Therapeutic Innovation Department, 59, Rue de Trévise, BP 2006-59011 Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dorothea Sesardic
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), a Center of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Division of Bacteriology, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and YUMAB GmbH, Rebenring 33, Braunschweig 38106, Germany.
| | - Michel R Popoff
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, 25 Avenue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Frenzel A, Kügler J, Helmsing S, Meier D, Schirrmann T, Hust M, Dübel S. Designing Human Antibodies by Phage Display. Transfus Med Hemother 2017; 44:312-318. [PMID: 29070976 DOI: 10.1159/000479633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With six approved products and more than 60 candidates in clinical testing, human monoclonal antibody discovery by phage display is well established as a robust and reliable source for the generation of therapeutic antibodies. While a vast diversity of library generation philosophies and selection strategies have been conceived, the power of molecular design offered by controlling the in vitro selection step is still to be recognized by a broader audience outside of the antibody engineering community. Here, we summarize some opportunities and achievements, e.g., the generation of antibodies which could not be generated otherwise, and the design of antibody properties by different panning strategies, including the adjustment of kinetic parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Frenzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Yumab GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Saskia Helmsing
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doris Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hust
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Torgeman A, Ozeri E, Ben David A, Diamant E, Rosen O, Schwartz A, Barnea A, Makovitzki A, Mimran A, Zichel R. Role of Homologous Fc Fragment in the Potency and Efficacy of Anti-Botulinum Antibody Preparations. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9060180. [PMID: 28555060 PMCID: PMC5488030 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9060180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The only approved treatment for botulism relies on passive immunity which is mostly based on antibody preparations collected from hyper-immune horses. The IgG Fc fragment is commonly removed from these heterologous preparations to reduce the incidence of hyper-sensitivity reactions. New-generation therapies entering the pipeline are based on a combination of humanized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which exhibit improved safety and pharmacokinetics. In the current study, a systematic and quantitative approach was applied to measure the direct contribution of homologous Fc to the potency of monoclonal and polyclonal antitoxin preparations in mice. Homologous Fc increased the potency of three individual anti-botulinum toxin MAbs by up to one order of magnitude. Moreover, Fc fragment removal almost completely abolished the synergistic potency obtained from a combined preparation of these three MAbs. The MAb mixture neutralized a 400-mouse median lethal dose (MsLD50) of botulinum toxin, whereas the F(ab′)2 combination failed to neutralize 10 MsLD50 of botulinum toxin. Notably, increased avidity did not compensate for this phenomenon, as a polyclonal, hyper-immune, homologous preparation lost 90% of its potency as well upon Fc removal. Finally, the addition of homologous Fc arms to a heterologous pharmaceutical anti-botulinum toxin polyclonal horse F(ab′)2 preparation improved its efficacy when administered to intoxicated symptomatic mice. Our study extends the aspects by which switching from animal-based to human-based antitoxins will improve not only the safety but also the potency and efficacy of passive immunity against toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amram Torgeman
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| | - Eyal Ozeri
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| | - Alon Ben David
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| | - Eran Diamant
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| | - Osnat Rosen
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| | - Arieh Schwartz
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| | - Ada Barnea
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| | - Arik Makovitzki
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| | - Avishai Mimran
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| | - Ran Zichel
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Neutralization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type E by a Humanized Antibody. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8090257. [PMID: 27626446 PMCID: PMC5037483 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8090257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause botulism and are the deadliest naturally-occurring substances known to humans. BoNTs have been classified as one of the category A agents by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, indicating their potential use as bioweapons. To counter bio-threat and naturally-occurring botulism cases, well-tolerated antibodies by humans that neutralize BoNTs are relevant. In our previous work, we showed the neutralizing potential of macaque (Macaca fascicularis)-derived scFv-Fc (scFv-Fc ELC18) by in vitro endopeptidase immunoassay and ex vivo mouse phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm assay by targeting the light chain of the botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E). In the present study, we germline-humanized scFv-Fc ELC18 into a full IgG hu8ELC18 to increase its immunotolerance by humans. We demonstrated the protection and prophylaxis capacity of hu8ELC18 against BoNT/E in a mouse model. A concentration of 2.5 ng/mouse of hu8ELC18 protected against 5 mouse lethal dose (MLD) in a mouse protection assay and complete neutralization of 1 LD50 of pure BoNT/E toxin was achieved with 8 ng of hu8ELC18 in mouse paralysis assay. Furthermore, hu8ELC18 protected mice from 5 MLD if injected up to 14 days prior to intraperitoneal BoNT/E administration. This newly-developed humanized IgG is expected to have high tolerance in humans.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tetanus Neurotoxin Neutralizing Antibodies Screened from a Human Immune scFv Antibody Phage Display Library. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8090266. [PMID: 27626445 PMCID: PMC5037492 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) produced by Clostridiumtetani is one of the most poisonous protein substances. Neutralizing antibodies against TeNT can effectively prevent and cure toxicosis. Using purified Hc fragments of TeNT (TeNT-Hc) as an antigen, three specific neutralizing antibody clones recognizing different epitopes were selected from a human immune scFv antibody phage display library. The three antibodies (2-7G, 2-2D, and S-4-7H) can effectively inhibit the binding between TeNT-Hc and differentiated PC-12 cells in vitro. Moreover, 2-7G inhibited TeNT-Hc binding to the receptor via carbohydrate-binding sites of the W pocket while 2-2D and S-4-7H inhibited binding of the R pocket. Although no single mAb completely protected mice from the toxin, they could both prolong survival when challenged with 20 LD50s (50% of the lethal dose) of TeNT. When used together, the mAbs completely neutralized 1000 LD50s/mg Ab, indicating their high neutralizing potency in vivo. Antibodies recognizing different carbohydrate-binding pockets could have higher synergistic toxin neutralization activities than those that recognize the same pockets. These results could lead to further production of neutralizing antibody drugs against TeNT and indicate that using TeNT-Hc as an antigen for screening human antibodies for TeNT intoxication therapy from human immune antibody library was convenient and effective.
Collapse
|
17
|
Miethe S, Mazuet C, Liu Y, Tierney R, Rasetti-Escargueil C, Avril A, Frenzel A, Thullier P, Pelat T, Urbain R, Fontayne A, Sesardic D, Hust M, Popoff MR. Development of Germline-Humanized Antibodies Neutralizing Botulinum Neurotoxin A and B. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161446. [PMID: 27560688 PMCID: PMC4999263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are counted among the most toxic substances known and are responsible for human botulism, a life-threatening disease characterized by flaccid muscle paralysis that occurs naturally by food poisoning or colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by BoNT-producing clostridia. To date, 7 serologically distinct serotypes of BoNT (serotype A-G) are known. Due to the high toxicity of BoNTs the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have classified BoNTs as category A agent, including the six biological agents with the highest potential risk of use as bioweapons. Well tolerated antibodies neutralizing BoNTs are required to deal with the potential risk. In a previous work, we described the development of scFv and scFv-Fc (Yumab) from macaque origin (Macaca fascicularis) neutralizing BoNT/A and B by targeting the heavy and light chain of each serotype. In the present study, we humanized the macaque antibodies SEM120-IIIC1 (anti-BoNT/A light chain), A1HC38 (anti-BoNT/A heavy chain), BLC3 (anti-BoNT/B light chain) and B2-7 (anti-BoNT/B heavy chain) by germline-humanization to obtain a better potential immunotolerance in humans. We increased the Germinality Index (GI) of SEM120-IIIC1 to 94.5%, for A1HC38, to 95% for BLC3 and to 94.4% for B2-7. Furthermore, the neutralization efficacies of the germline-humanized antibodies were analyzed in lethal and non-lethal in vivo mouse assays as full IgG. The germline-humanized IgGs hu8SEM120-IIIC1, hu8A1HC38, hu8BLC3 and hu8B2-7 were protective in vivo, when anti-heavy and anti-light chain antibodies were combined. The synergistic effect and high humanness of the selected IgGs makes them promising lead candidates for further clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Miethe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christelle Mazuet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries anaérobies et Toxines, Paris, France
| | - Yvonne Liu
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Tierney
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Rasetti-Escargueil
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Avril
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA) Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Interaction Hôte-Pathogène, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - André Frenzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philippe Thullier
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA) Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Interaction Hôte-Pathogène, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Thibaut Pelat
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA) Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Interaction Hôte-Pathogène, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Remi Urbain
- LFB Biotechnologies, Therapeutic Innovation Department, Lille, France
| | | | - Dorothea Sesardic
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail: (MRP); (MH)
| | - Michel Robert Popoff
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries anaérobies et Toxines, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (MRP); (MH)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Over the last 3 decades, monoclonal antibodies have become the most important class of therapeutic biologicals on the market. Development of therapeutic antibodies was accelerated by recombinant DNA technologies, which allowed the humanization of murine monoclonal antibodies to make them more similar to those of the human body and suitable for a broad range of chronic diseases like cancer and autoimmune diseases. In the early 1990s in vitro antibody selection technologies were developed that enabled the discovery of “fully” human antibodies with potentially superior clinical efficacy and lowest immunogenicity. Antibody phage display is the first and most widely used of the in vitro selection technologies. It has proven to be a robust, versatile platform technology for the discovery of human antibodies and a powerful engineering tool to improve antibody properties. As of the beginning of 2016, 6 human antibodies discovered or further developed by phage display were approved for therapy. In 2002, adalimumab (Humira®) became the first phage display-derived antibody granted a marketing approval. Humira® was also the first approved human antibody, and it is currently the best-selling antibody drug on the market. Numerous phage display-derived antibodies are currently under advanced clinical investigation, and, despite the availability of other technologies such as human antibody-producing transgenic mice, phage display has not lost its importance for the discovery and engineering of therapeutic antibodies. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview about phage display-derived antibodies that are approved for therapy or in clinical development. A selection of these antibodies is described in more detail to demonstrate different aspects of the phage display technology and its development over the last 25 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Frenzel
- a YUMAB GmbH , Rebenring , Braunschweig.,b Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie , Braunschweig , Germany
| | | | - Michael Hust
- b Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie , Braunschweig , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kuhn P, Fühner V, Unkauf T, Moreira GMSG, Frenzel A, Miethe S, Hust M. Recombinant antibodies for diagnostics and therapy against pathogens and toxins generated by phage display. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:922-948. [PMID: 27198131 PMCID: PMC7168043 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are valuable molecules for the diagnostic and treatment of diseases caused by pathogens and toxins. Traditionally, these antibodies are generated by hybridoma technology. An alternative to hybridoma technology is the use of antibody phage display to generate recombinant antibodies. This in vitro technology circumvents the limitations of the immune system and allows—in theory—the generation of antibodies against all conceivable molecules. Phage display technology enables obtaining human antibodies from naïve antibody gene libraries when either patients are not available or immunization is not ethically feasible. On the other hand, if patients or immunized/infected animals are available, it is common to construct immune phage display libraries to select in vivo affinity‐matured antibodies. Because the phage packaged DNA sequence encoding the antibodies is directly available, the antibodies can be smoothly engineered according to the requirements of the final application. In this review, an overview of phage display derived recombinant antibodies against bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic pathogens as well as toxins for diagnostics and therapy is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kuhn
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Fühner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Unkauf
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - André Frenzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Miethe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ambrose EA. Botulinum Neurotoxin, Tetanus Toxin, and Anthrax Lethal Factor Countermeasures. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|