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Pleticosic-Ramírez Y, Mecías-Calvo M, Arufe-Giráldez V, Navarro-Patón R. Incidence of a Multicomponent Physical Exercise Program on Body Composition in Overweight or Obese People Aged 60 Years or Older from Chile. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:81. [PMID: 38804447 PMCID: PMC11130836 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the changes produced in body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage (FMP), muscle mass percentage (MMP), and visceral fat percentage (VFP) in 60-year-old or over overweight or obese people after a multicomponent exercise program. This quasi-experimental study involved 70 overweight or obese older people between 60 and 86 years old (M = 73.15; SD = 5.94) who were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 35) and an experimental group (EG, n = 35). At the beginning and at the end of the intervention program, anthropometric and body composition data were collected. The results showed an increase in BMI after the intervention in the CG (p = 0.010) and a decrease in the EG (p < 0.001). The results regarding the FMP indicate a significant decrease in the EG (p < 0.001) after the intervention, as occurs with the VFP (p = 0.003). The MMP increased in the EG (p < 0.001) after the intervention program. Regarding gender, statistically significant differences were found in the MMP after the intervention (p = 0.025), with higher percentages in men in the EG. VFP decreased in both men (p = 0.005) and women (p = 0.019) in the EG. From the results obtained, we can say that a 6-month multicomponent program produces a decrease in BMI, FMP, and VFP and an increase in MMP in its participants. This type of intervention seems to produce a greater increase in muscle mass in men than in women and a decrease in VFP in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmina Pleticosic-Ramírez
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
- Facultad de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile
| | - Marcos Mecías-Calvo
- Facultade de Formación do Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (R.N.-P.)
| | - Víctor Arufe-Giráldez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rubén Navarro-Patón
- Facultade de Formación do Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (R.N.-P.)
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Dey KC, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Smith LR, Jones RL, Bailey DP. Interrupting sitting acutely attenuates cardiometabolic risk markers in South Asian adults living with overweight and obesity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1163-1174. [PMID: 37950762 PMCID: PMC10954978 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the acute effects of interrupting sitting with light-intensity walking on postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers in South Asian adults. METHODS South Asians with overweight/obesity (n = 19; body mass index [BMI] > 23 kg·m-2) and normal-weight (n = 8; BMI 18.0-22.9 kg·m-2) aged 48.8 ± 5.6 years completed two, 5-h conditions: (1) prolonged sitting (SIT), and (2) interrupted sitting with 5-min bouts of light-intensity walking every 30-min (INT-SIT). Blood samples and resting expired air samples were collected throughout each condition. Statistical analyses were completed using linear mixed models. RESULTS In participants with overweight/obesity, postprandial glucose, triglycerides (TAG) and metabolic load index (MLI) over time were lower, whereas resting substrate utilisation and resting energy expenditure (REE) were higher, in INT-SIT than SIT (all p ≤ 0.05). Compared with SIT (0.18 [95% CI 0.13, 0.22] kcal.min-1), INT-SIT (0.23 [95% CI 0.18, 0.27] kcal.min-1) increased postprandial REE iAUC in participants with overweight/obesity (p = 0.04, d = 0.51). Postprandial TAG concentrations over time were lower in INT-SIT versus SIT (p = 0.01, d = 30) in normal-weight participants, with no differences in any other outcomes for this sample group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that interrupting sitting with 5-min bouts of light walking every 30-min acutely attenuates cardiometabolic risk markers among South Asians living with overweight/obesity, whereas limited effects may be seen in individuals with normal-weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalesh Chandra Dey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK.
| | - Lindsey R Smith
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
- Health Advancement Research Team (HART), School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK.
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
- Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
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Schleh MW, Caslin HL, Garcia JN, Mashayekhi M, Srivastava G, Bradley AB, Hasty AH. Metaflammation in obesity and its therapeutic targeting. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf9382. [PMID: 37992150 PMCID: PMC10847980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf9382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation is a systemic process that affects all metabolic organs. Prominent among these is adipose tissue, where cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are markedly changed in obesity, implicating these cells in a range of processes linking immune memory to metabolic regulation. Furthermore, weight loss and weight cycling have unexpected effects on adipose tissue immune populations. Here, we review the current literature on the roles of various immune cells in lean and obese adipose tissue. Within this context, we discuss pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to obesity treatment and their impact on systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Heather L. Caslin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jamie N. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gitanjali Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Weight Loss Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37204 USA
| | - Anna B. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Weight Loss Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37204 USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Berardi V, Rosenberg BD, Srivastava S, Estrada-Rand N, Frederick J. Stair versus elevator use in a university residence hall setting. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:997-1002. [PMID: 34314658 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1920602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of stairs versus elevator use in a university residence hall to inform future physical activity promotion efforts. PARTICIPANTS All residents and visitors for a single, four-story residence hall dormitory building located on a college campus in Orange, CA. METHODS Smart mat systems capable of detecting pedestrian traffic were placed in front of the stairs and elevators on each floor plus a basement. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to compare stair versus elevator usage at different times of the day and on different floors. RESULTS Stair versus elevator use varied much more throughout the day on floors nearest to the ground floor, with stair use most common in the morning. Overall, the elevator was used more frequently on higher floors, with less variation throughout the day. CONCLUSION To be most effective, future stair promotion interventions should target residents on higher floors and in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Berardi
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | | | - Sophie Srivastava
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Noah Estrada-Rand
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Julia Frederick
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
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Bendinelli B, Masala G, Bella CD, Assedi M, Benagiano M, Pratesi S, Ermini I, Occhini D, Castaldo M, Saieva C, Caini S, D'Elios MM, Palli D. Adipocytokine plasma level changes in a 24-month dietary and physical activity randomised intervention trial in postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1185-1194. [PMID: 36454365 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytokines are signaling molecules secreted by adipose tissue contributing to the control of body fat, energy expenditure and secretion of insulin and cytokines. They have been related to the development of obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Diet and physical activity (PA) may have beneficial effects on their level. We evaluated the effects of a 24-month dietary and/or PA intervention on plasma levels of adipocytokines as a secondary analysis in the DAMA (Diet, physical Activity and Mammography) trial. METHODS The 234 study participants (healthy postmenopausal women with high breast density, 50-69 years, non-smokers, no hormone therapy) were randomised to four arms: (1) isocaloric dietary intervention mainly based on plant-foods; (2) moderate-intensity PA intervention with at least 1 h/week of supervised strenuous activity; (3) both interventions; (4) general recommendations on healthy dietary and PA patterns. Leptin, resistin and adiponectin were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Analyses were performed using Tobit regression. RESULTS After 24 months, women randomised to PA intervention (arms #2 + #3) showed significant lower level of leptin (37.5% lower) and resistin (65.6% lower) compared to the control group (arms #1 + #4). No significant differences emerged in adiponectin levels. No significant differences in leptin, resistin and adiponectin levels at follow-up emerged in women randomised to the dietary intervention (arms #1 + #3) in comparison with controls (arms #2 + #4). CONCLUSION This study supports the effectiveness of PA, even at moderate intensity, in improving the leptin and resistin profile in postmenopausal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN28492718, date of trial registration 17/05/2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bendinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, Florence, Italy.
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Occhini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Castaldo
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
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The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Psoriasis: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040840. [PMID: 36839198 PMCID: PMC9958594 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease with strong genetic links and numerous features of autoimmunity that are also influenced by environment and lifestyle, including nutritional factors and physical activity (PA), with regards to the condition of patients. Recent reports in the field of nutrigenomics indicate a significant impact of nutrients in modulating microRNAs. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of nutritional systems and PA on treating psoriasis. This narrative review updates information regarding the current dietary recommendations for individuals with psoriasis and discusses the role of diet and PA in psoriasis prevention and treatment. Application of nutrigenetics in psoriasis therapy is also discussed. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the MeSH terms for "nutrigenomics", "dietetics", "diet therapy", "diet", "physical activity", and "exercise" in conjunction with the MeSH terms for "psoriasis" and "dermatology". Evidence has shown that patients with psoriasis should have a personalized anti-inflammatory diet. Psoriasis patients are less physically active; most performed exercises of low-to-moderate intensity and were less likely to undertake regular exercise. Identifying nutrigenomic discoveries and the current lifestyle interventions associated with psoriasis can help physicians and physical therapists develop educational programs to manage and protect against the disease.
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Della Guardia L, Codella R. Exercise Restores Hypothalamic Health in Obesity by Reshaping the Inflammatory Network. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020297. [PMID: 36829858 PMCID: PMC9951965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overnutrition induce inflammation, leptin-, and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. The mediobasal hypothalamus responds to exercise enabling critical adaptions at molecular and cellular level that positively impact local inflammation. This review discusses the positive effect of exercise on obesity-induced hypothalamic dysfunction, highlighting the mechanistic aspects related to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. In HFD-fed animals, both acute and chronic moderate-intensity exercise mitigate microgliosis and lower inflammation in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Notably, this associates with restored leptin sensitivity and lower food intake. Exercise-induced cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 mediate part of these positive effect on the ARC in obese animals. The reduction of obesity-associated pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., FFAs, TNFα, resistin, and AGEs), and the improvement in the gut-brain axis represent alternative paths through which regular exercise can mitigate hypothalamic inflammation. These findings suggest that the regular practice of exercise can restore a proper functionality in the hypothalamus in obesity. Further analysis investigating the crosstalk muscle-hypothalamus would help toward a deeper comprehension of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50330356
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Kruk J, Aboul-Enein BH, Duchnik E, Marchlewicz M. Antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds and their effect on oxidative stress induced by severe physical exercise. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:19. [PMID: 35931969 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has found strongly increased generation of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and reactive nitrogen species during acute physical exercise that can lead to oxidative stress (OS) and impair muscle function. Polyphenols (PCs), the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet, are of increasing interest to athletes as antioxidants. Current literature suggests that antioxidants supplementation can effectively modulate these processes. This overview summarizes the actual knowledge of chemical and biomechanical properties of PCs and their impact as supplements on acute exercise-induced OS, inflammation control, and exercise performance. Evidence maintains that PC supplements have high potency to positively impact redox homeostasis and improve skeletal muscle's physiological and physical functions. However, many studies have failed to present improvement in physical performance. Eleven of 15 representative experimental studies reported a reduction of severe exercise-induced OS and inflammation markers or enhancement of total antioxidant capacity; four of eight studies found improvement in exercise performance outcomes. Further studies should be continued to address a safe, optimal PC dosage, supplementation timing during a severe training program in different sports disciplines, and effects on performance response and adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Al. Piastów 40b/6, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Basil Hassan Aboul-Enein
- Department of Health Science, Johnson & Wales University, College of Health & Wellness, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, 15-17, Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Ewa Duchnik
- Department of Aesthetic Dermatology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariola Marchlewicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Pomeranian Medical University, Siedlecka 2, 72-010, Police, Poland
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Cytokine Profile in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Following Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138151. [PMID: 35805808 PMCID: PMC9266041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most prevalent causes of nontraumatic neurological impairment in young adults. This review aims to determine the impact of exercise on cytokine and adipokine profile levels as inflammatory markers in MS patients across various exercise paradigms. We used specific keywords in PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus to find randomized clinical trials addressing the effects of physical activity and exercise training on inflammatory markers levels in MS patients. The majority of the research showed no considerable changes in IL-6 levels, while three studies reported declining levels after the intervention. Approximately half of the trials observed a change in TNF-α and IL-10 levels after exercise interventions, while the other half showed no meaningful changes. Other markers such as IL-17, IL-4, IL-12, adipokines, and BDNF showed fluctuations in levels. We found no universal agreement on the effects of different exercise training protocols on the serum level of inflammatory markers in patients with MS. More research is needed to fully identify the effects of exercise on cytokines in MS patients.
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Ataeinosrat A, Haghighi MM, Abednatanzi H, Soltani M, Ghanbari-Niaki A, Nouri-Habashi A, Amani-Shalamzari S, Mossayebi A, Khademosharie M, Johnson KE, VanDusseldorp TA, Saeidi A, Zouhal H. Effects of Three Different Modes of Resistance Training on Appetite Hormones in Males With Obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:827335. [PMID: 35264977 PMCID: PMC8900747 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.827335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study explored the effect of three different modes of resistance training on appetite hormones [leptin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine (PYY)], cardiometabolic and anthropometric measures in males with obesity. Methods Forty-four males with obesity (age: 27.5 ± 9.4 yrs.; mean weight: 93.2 ± 2.2 kg, body mass index: 32.9 ± 1.2 kg/m2) were randomized to traditional resistance training (TRT, n = 11), circuit resistance training (CRT, n = 11), interval resistance training (IRT, n = 11) or control (C, n = 11) groups. All resistance training groups received 50 min of supervised training per session, three days per week, for 12 weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of training. Results Plasma levels of leptin, ghrelin, CCK, and PYY decreased significantly in all three different modalities of resistance training groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). GLP-1 increased significantly in both CRT and IRT groups compared to TRT and C groups (p < 0.05). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide decreased significantly in CRT and IRT groups compared to the C group (p < 0.05). Adiponectin levels increased significantly in all resistance training groups compared to the C group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Overall, CRT and IRT protocols had the greatest impact on appetite hormones compared to individuals who engaged in TRT or did not exercise (C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ataeinosrat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Abednatanzi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Akbar Nouri-Habashi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mossayebi
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mitra Khademosharie
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Literature, Kosar University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Kelly E Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, United States
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé (M2S), University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Iroduer, France
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Assessment of aerobic exercise capacity in obesity, which expression of oxygen uptake is the best? SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:138-147. [PMID: 35784518 PMCID: PMC9219259 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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12
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Kruk J, Aboul-Enein BH, Duchnik E. Exercise-induced oxidative stress and melatonin supplementation: current evidence. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:27. [PMID: 34470608 PMCID: PMC8409271 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin possesses the indoleamine structure and exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions and other physiological properties. Physical exercise can influence secretion of melatonin. Melatonin is used as a natural supplement among athletes to regulate sleep cycles and protect muscles against oxidative damage. Despite decades of research, there is still a lack of a comprehensive and critical review on melatonin supplementation and physical activity relationship. The aim of this literature review is to examine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other biological functions played by melatonin with reference to the effect of physical exercise on melatonin secretion and the effect of this compound supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in athletes. Evidence shows that intense exercises disturb antioxidant status of competitive athletes, whereas supplementation with melatonin strengthens antioxidant status in trained athletes in various sports as the compound showed high potency in reduction of the oxidative stress and inflammation markers generated during intense and prolonged exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Duchnik
- Department of Aesthetic Dermatology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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The Impact of Sedentary Lifestyle, High-fat Diet, Tobacco Smoke, and Alcohol Intake on the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e615. [PMID: 34291194 PMCID: PMC8288907 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells maintain hematopoiesis throughout life by generating all major blood cell lineages through the process of self-renewal and differentiation. In adult mammals, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) primarily reside in the bone marrow (BM) at special microenvironments called “niches.” Niches are thought to extrinsically orchestrate the HSC fate including their quiescence and proliferation. Insight into the HSC niches mainly comes from studies in mice using surface marker identification and imaging to visualize HSC localization and association with niche cells. The advantage of mouse models is the possibility to study the 3-dimensional BM architecture and cell interactions in an intact traceable system. However, this may not be directly translational to human BM. Sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol intake, and smoking are all known risk factors for various diseases including hematological disorders and cancer, but how do lifestyle factors impact hematopoiesis and the associated niches? Here, we review current knowledge about the HSC niches and how unhealthy lifestyle may affect it. In addition, we summarize epidemiological data concerning the influence of lifestyle factors on hematological disorders and malignancies.
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14
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van Baak MA, Pramono A, Battista F, Beaulieu K, Blundell JE, Busetto L, Carraça EV, Dicker D, Encantado J, Ermolao A, Farpour-Lambert N, Woodward E, Bellicha A, Oppert JM. Effect of different types of regular exercise on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 4:e13239. [PMID: 33939229 PMCID: PMC8365680 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review examined the effect of exercise training interventions on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and compared the effectiveness of different types of exercise training. Four electronic databases were searched. Articles were included if they described randomized controlled trials of exercise training interventions and their effect on maximal oxygen consumption or muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Changes in outcome parameters were analyzed using random effects meta-analyses for different training types (aerobic, resistance, combined aerobic plus resistance, and high-intensity interval training). Eighty-eight articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of which 66 (3964 participants) could be included in the meta-analyses. All training types increased VO2max (mean difference 3.82 ml/min/kg (95% CI 3.17, 4.48), P < 0.00001; I2 = 48%). In direct comparisons, resistance training was less effective in improving VO2max than aerobic training, HIIT was slightly more effective than aerobic training, and no difference between aerobic and combined aerobic plus resistance training was found. For muscle strength benefits, incorporation of resistance exercise in the training program is indicated. Exercise training increases VO2max and muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Differences between training types should be weighed with other needs and preferences when health professionals advise on exercise training to improve physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen A van Baak
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriyan Pramono
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John E Blundell
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF), London, UK
| | - Eliana V Carraça
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dror Dicker
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF), London, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jorge Encantado
- APPsyCI - Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, ISPA - University Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nathalie Farpour-Lambert
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF), London, UK.,Obesity Prevention and Care Program Contrepoids. Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Patient Education, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Euan Woodward
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF), London, UK
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Paris, France.,University Paris-Est Créteil, UFR SESS-STAPS, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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15
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Alizadeh M, Shahrbanian S, Hackney AC. Comparison of the effects of 12 weeks of three types of resistance training (traditional, circular and interval) on the levels of neuregulin 4, adiponectin and leptin in non-athletic men with obesity. ARCHIVOS DE MEDICINA DEL DEPORTE : PUBLICACION DE LA FEDERACION ESPANOLA DE MEDICINA DEL DEPORTE 2021; 38:389-396. [PMID: 35493286 PMCID: PMC9053093 DOI: 10.18176/archmeddeporte.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare three types of resistance training including traditional, circular and interval in non-athletic men with obesity in comparison to a control group for neuregulin 4, adiponectin and leptin responses. MATERIAL AND METHOD The sample of the study included 44 non-athletic men with obesity, who were randomly divided into the 4 equal groups (10 per each group): traditional, circular, and interval resistance training as well as a control group. Neuregulin 4, leptin and adiponectin were analyzed using ELISA commercial kits. RESULTS The results of mixed-design ANOVA with repeated measures showed that there was a significant interaction between the type of resistance training used and time on neuregulin 4 (F (3, 40) = 80.22, P= 0.005, ES = 0.85), leptin (F (3, 40) = 27.53, P= 0.005, ES = 0.67) and adiponectin (F (3, 40) = 12.44, P= 0.005, ES = 0.48). Considering the main effect of groups, results indicated that there was a significant difference between types of resistance training and control group in neuregulin 4 (F (1, 40) =41.31, P=0.005, ES = 0.75), adiponectin (F (1, 40) =15.08, P=0.005, ES = 0.53) and leptin (F (1, 40) =32.05, P = 0.005, ES = 0.70). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that resistance training, especially interval resistance training can lead to increase the plasma level of neuregulin 4, adiponectin and decrease leptin in non-athletic men with obesity. Interval training showed superior effects on all study outcomes followed by circular and traditional training, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alizadeh
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Shahrbanian
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anthony C. Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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16
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Saeidi A, Haghighi MM, Kolahdouzi S, Daraei A, Abderrahmane AB, Essop MF, Laher I, Hackney AC, Zouhal H. The effects of physical activity on adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13090. [PMID: 32662238 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight and obesity. Approximately 90 investigations including randomized control, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that reported on the effects of a single session of PA (acute) or long-term PA (chronic) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity were reviewed. The findings support the notion that there is consensus on the benefits of chronic exercise training-regardless of the mode (resistance vs. aerobic), intensity and cohort (healthy vs. diabetes)-on adipokine levels (such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin-1 and leptin). However, several confounding factors (frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise) can alter the magnitude of the effects of an acute exercise session. Available evidence suggests that PA, as a part of routine lifestyle behaviour, improves obesity complications by modulating adipokine levels. However, additional research is needed to help identify the most effective interventions to elicit the most beneficial changes in adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mosalman Haghighi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Cardiology Centre, The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarkawt Kolahdouzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Rennes, France
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17
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Zouhal H, Ben Abderrahman A, Khodamoradi A, Saeidi A, Jayavel A, Hackney AC, Laher I, Algotar AM, Jabbour G. Effects of physical training on anthropometrics, physical and physiological capacities in individuals with obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13039. [PMID: 32383553 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the amount of physical activity is an important strategy for weight loss. This systematic review summarizes recent findings on the effects of physical training on anthropometric characteristics, physical performances and physiological capacities in individuals with overweight and obesity. A systematic literature search strategy was conducted from inception until June 2019 using four electronic databases that identified 2,708 records. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 116 studies were included in our final analysis. Both aerobic (e.g., endurance training) and anaerobic training (e.g., high-intensity training, resistance training) improved body composition and physical fitness indicators in adults, adolescents and children with obesity (effect size: 0.08 < d < 2.67, trivial to very large). This systematic review suggests that both low- and high-intensity training significantly reduced body weight and fat mass while increasing fat-free mass in individuals with obesity (effect size: 0.04 <d <3.2, trivial to very large). A significant increase in VO2max also occurs in individuals with obesity in response to aerobic training or high-intensity interval training (effect size: 0.13 < d < 6.24, trivial to very large). Further studies are needed to define the optimal combination of training intensity and duration needed to produce the most efficacious results in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
| | | | - Arash Khodamoradi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Chengalpattu (DT), India
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology& Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amit M Algotar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georges Jabbour
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Morell-Azanza L, Martín-Calvo N, Zalba G, Chueca M, Azcona-Sanjulian MC, Marti A. Association between favourable changes in objectively measured physical activity and telomere length after a lifestyle intervention in pediatric patients with abdominal obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:205-212. [PMID: 32871095 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of physical activity (PA) changes, measured by accelerometry, on telomere length (TL) in pediatric patients with abdominal obesity after a lifestyle intervention. One hundred and twenty-one children (7-16 years old) with abdominal obesity were randomized to the intervention (a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet) or the usual care group (standard pediatric recommendations) for 22 months (a 2 month intensive phase and a subsequent 20 month follow-up). Both groups were encouraged to accumulate an extra 200 min/week of PA. TL was measured by MMqPCR. Data were analyzed in 102 subjects after 2 months and 64 subjects at the first 10 months of follow-up. Light PA level decreased in both groups after 12 months of intervention. At month 2, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) increased in the intervention group (+5.4 min/day, p = 0.035) and so did sedentary time in the usual care group (+49.7 min/day, p = 0.010). TL changes were positively associated (p < 0.050) with metabolic equivalents (METs), MVPA level, and number of steps, and were inversely associated with sedentary and light PA levels in the intervention group after the intensive phase. In conclusion, favourable changes in PA levels in the intensive phase of a lifestyle intervention could contribute to TL maintenance in a pediatric population with abdominal obesity. Novelty Changes in physical activity levels had a direct effect on telomere length, a biomarker of cellular aging and oxidative stress. PA advice based on The American College of Sports Medicine included in this intervention is easy to implement in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra. C/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lydia Morell-Azanza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra. C/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clínica, University of Navarra. C/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III. Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Chueca
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Azcona-Sanjulian
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Av. Pío XII, 36. 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra. C/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III. Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Dodge T, Joshi D, Abaalkhail S, Moore B. Physical activity goals among patients in a primary care setting. Transl Behav Med 2020; 10:792-800. [PMID: 31050759 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to increasing physical activity (PA) among adults is to develop interventions targeting PA goals that could be implemented in the primary care setting. However, there is little understanding of the types of goals that individuals bring with them into the primary care setting, which is a necessary first step in building interventions. There were three objectives of the study. One was to identify the types of PA goals held by primary care patients. Another was to examine whether there were racial differences among types of PA goals held by primary care patients. A final objective was to examine the relationship between PA goals and PA behaviors (e.g., meet PA guidelines, number of breaks taken from PA routine). Adults (N = 626; Mage = 51.47, SD = 16.32) were recruited from the waiting room of a primary care clinic over a 30-day span to complete a questionnaire on PA and goals. The most commonly endorsed PA goals included, weight maintenance, overall health benefits, weight loss, well-being, body tone and/or shape, stress reduction, cardiovascular health, and energy level. Black patients were more likely than White patients to report weight loss and weight maintenance goals. Weight maintenance, overall health, and stress reduction are the goals for which the greatest percentage of individuals reported meeting aerobic PA guidelines. Finally, number of breaks taken and average length of breaks were similar across type of PA goal. A relatively small number of goals reflected a majority of the goals pursued by participants in this study. Racial differences in adoption of weight loss and weight maintenance goals highlight the need for further investigation into such differences. Finally, future research should consider the role that goal setting plays in PA adherence, paying particular attention to disparate levels of PA across racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Dodge
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deepti Joshi
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Saud Abaalkhail
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brad Moore
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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20
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Wang P, Liang Y, Chen K, Yau SY, Sun X, Cheng KKY, Xu A, So KF, Li A. Potential Involvement of Adiponectin Signaling in Regulating Physical Exercise-Elicited Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Dendritic Morphology in Stressed Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:189. [PMID: 32774242 PMCID: PMC7381385 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, a cytokine secreted by mature adipocytes, proves to be neuroprotective. We have previously reported that running triggers adiponectin up-regulation which subsequently promotes generation of hippocampal neurons and thereby alleviates depression-like behaviors in non-stressed mice. However, under the stressing condition, whether adiponectin could still exert antidepressant-like effects following exercise remained unexplored. In this study, by means of repeated corticosterone injections to mimic stress insult and voluntary wheel running as physical exercise intervention, we examined whether exercise-elicited antidepressive effects might involve adiponectin's regulation on hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic plasticity in stressed mice. Here we show that repeated injections of corticosterone inhibited hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired dendritic morphology of neurons in the dentate gyrus of both wild-type and adiponectin-knockout mice comparably, which subsequently evoked depression-like behaviors. Voluntary wheel running attenuated corticosterone-suppressed neurogenesis and enhanced dendritic plasticity in the hippocampus, ultimately reducing depression-like behaviors in wild-type, but not adiponectin-knockout mice. We further demonstrate that such proneurogenic effects were potentially achieved through activation of the AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) pathway. Our study provides the first evidence that adiponectin signaling is essential for physical exercise-triggered effects on stress-elicited depression by retaining the normal proliferation of neural progenitors and dendritic morphology of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which may depend on activation of the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingjie Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyao Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Sun
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Rettedal EA, Cree JME, Adams SE, MacRae C, Skidmore PML, Cameron-Smith D, Gant N, Blenkiron C, Merry TL. Short-term high-intensity interval training exercise does not affect gut bacterial community diversity or composition of lean and overweight men. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1268-1279. [PMID: 32478429 DOI: 10.1113/ep088744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does short-term high-intensity interval training alter the composition of the microbiome and is this associated with exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity? What is the main finding and its importance? Although high-intensity interval training increased insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular fitness, it did not alter the composition of the microbiome. This suggests that changes in the composition of the microbiome that occur with prolonged exercise training might be in response to changes in metabolic health rather than driving exercise training-induced adaptations. ABSTRACT Regular exercise reduces the risk of metabolic diseases, and the composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with metabolic function. We investigated whether short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) altered the diversity and composition of the bacterial community and whether there were associations with markers of insulin sensitivity or aerobic fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness ( V ̇ O 2 peak ) and body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan) were assessed and faecal and fasted blood samples collected from 14 lean (fat mass 21 ± 2%, aged 29 ± 2 years) and 15 overweight (fat mass 33 ± 2%, aged 31 ± 2 years) men before and after 3 weeks of HIIT training (8-12 × 60 s cycle ergometer bouts at V ̇ O 2 peak power output interspersed by 75 s rest, three times per week). Gut microbiome composition was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The HIIT significantly increased the aerobic fitness of both groups (P < 0.001) and improved markers of insulin sensitivity (lowered fasted insulin and HOMA-IR; P < 0.001) in the overweight group. Despite differences in the abundance of several bacterial taxa being evident between the lean and overweight group, HIIT did not affect the overall bacterial diversity or community structure (α-diversity or β-diversity). No associations were found between the top 50 most abundant bacterial genera and cardiorespiratory fitness markers; however, significant associations (P < 0.05) were observed between the abundance of the bacterial species Coprococcus_3, Blautia, Lachnospiraceae_ge and Dorea and insulin sensitivity markers in the overweight group. Our results suggest that short-term HIIT does not greatly impact the overall composition of the gut microbiome, but that certain microbiome genera are associated with insulin sensitivity markers that were improved by HIIT in overweight participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rettedal
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Julia M E Cree
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shannon E Adams
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin MacRae
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Gant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Kruk J, Kotarska K, Aboul-Enein BH. Physical exercise and catecholamines response: benefits and health risk: possible mechanisms. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:105-125. [PMID: 32020819 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1726343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effect of regular moderate physical exercise (PE) and negative effect of severe exercise and/or overtraining as an activator of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) have been shown in numerous aspects of human health, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, depression, and some types of cancer. Moderate-to-vigorous PE stimulates the SNS activation, releasing catecholamines (CATs) adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine that play an important regulatory and modulatory actions by affecting metabolic processes and the immune system. Summary of the dispersed literature in this area and explanation of the biological mechanisms operating between PE-CATs and the immune system would lead to a better understanding of the beneficial and negative effects of PE on health. This overview aimed to: demonstrate representative literature findings on the exercise released CATs levels, major functions performed by these hormones, their interactions with the immune system and their effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Also, mechanisms of cytotoxic free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during CATs oxidation, and molecular mechanisms of CATs response to exercise are discussed to demonstrate positive and negative on human health effects. Owing to the large body of the subject literature, we present a representative cross-section of the published studies in this area. The results show a significant role of CATs in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, immunity and as generators of ROS, depending on PE intensity and duration. Further investigation of the PE-CATs relationship should validate CATs levels to optimize safe intensity and duration of exercise and individualize their prescription, considering CATs to be applied as markers for a dose of exercise. Also, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotarska
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Basil H Aboul-Enein
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Merry TL, MacRae C, Pham T, Hedges CP, Ristow M. Deficiency in ROS-sensing nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 causes altered glucose and lipid homeostasis following exercise training. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C337-C345. [PMID: 31774701 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00426.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by acute exercise may regulate exercise training-induced adaptations that improve metabolic health. One of the central transcription regulatory targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2, or NFE2L2). Here, we investigated whether global deficiency of Nrf2 in mice would impact exercise training-induced changes in glucose and lipid homeostasis. We report that following 6 wk of treadmill exercise training, Nrf2-deficient mice have elevated fasting plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids and higher blood glucose levels following a meal despite having a similar fat mass to wild-type controls. This impaired glucose homeostasis appears to be related to reduced insulin sensitivity primarily in adipose and liver tissue, and although a clear mechanism was not evident, Nrf2-deficient mice had increased markers of hepatic oxidative stress and stress-related kinase activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) without overt inflammation alteration in WAT or modulation of hepatic and WAT fibroblast growth factor 21 gene expression. Our results suggest that Nrf2 facilitates exercise training-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis; however, further research is required to determine whether this occurs through direct regulation of exercise adaptations or via the maintenance of redox balance during training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Translational Medicines, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin MacRae
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Toan Pham
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher P Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Translational Medicines, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Kato M, Ogano M, Mori Y, Kochi K, Morimoto D, Kito K, Green FN, Tsukamoto T, Kubo A, Takagi H, Tanabe J. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1931-1940. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487319859974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims The efficacy and safety of cardiac rehabilitation for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation who restored sinus rhythm after catheter ablation remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on exercise capacity, inflammatory status, cardiac function, and safety in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation who had catheter ablation. Methods In this randomized controlled study, 61 patients treated with catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (male, 80%; mean age, 66 ± 9 years) were analyzed. Thirty patients underwent cardiac rehabilitation (rehabilitation group), whereas the remaining 31 patients received usual care (usual care group). The rehabilitation group underwent endurance and resistance training with moderate intensity, at least three times per week for six months. Six-minute walk distance, muscle strength, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, plasma pentraxin 3, left ventricular ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation recurrence were assessed at baseline and at six-month follow-up. Results In the rehabilitation group, significant increases in the six-minute walk distance, handgrip strength, leg strength and left ventricular ejection fraction and significant decreases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and plasma pentraxin 3 concentrations were observed at six-month follow-up compared with baseline (all p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the usual care group. During the six-month follow-up period, the number of patients with atrial fibrillation recurrence was six (21.4%) in the rehabilitation group and eight (25.8%) in the usual care group (risk ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.33 to 2.10). Conclusions Cardiac rehabilitation improved exercise capacity without increasing the risk for atrial fibrillation recurrence. It may also be effective in managing systemic inflammatory status and systolic left ventricular function in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation treated with catheter ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Kato
- Department of Shizuoka Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Michio Ogano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Mori
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaito Kochi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Toshiya Tsukamoto
- Department of Shizuoka Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Shizuoka Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hisato Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Tanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
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Parhampour B, Dadgoo M, Vasaghi-Gharamaleki B, Torkaman G, Ravanbod R, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Reza Baghaipour M, Saneii SH. The effects of six-week resistance, aerobic and combined exercises on the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in overweight patients with moderate haemophilia A: A randomized controlled trial. Haemophilia 2019; 25:e257-e266. [PMID: 31131517 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight increases the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and serves as a major risk factor for arthropathy and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This condition is becoming increasingly prevalent among patients with haemophilia (PWH). Different forms of exercise training could favourably modify weight-related complications, cardiovascular risk factors and the inflammation. AIM To investigate the effects of resistance, aerobic and combined exercises on the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in overweight patients with moderate haemophilia A. METHODS Forty-eight patients with moderate haemophilia A, aged 35-55 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 25-30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to resistance training (RT, n = 12), aerobic (AT, n = 12), combined training (CT, n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The patients participated in 45-minutes exercise sessions three times a week for 6 weeks. Waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, fat-free mass, interleukin-10 (IL-10), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured before and after the 6 weeks of training. RESULTS There was significant decrease in WC, WHR, BMI and weight in the AT, RT and CT groups as compared to the control group. Total HJHS scores decreased in the AT, RT, CT groups compared to the control groups (P ≤ 0.001). The decrease in hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the CT group was significant compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.02). The increase in IL-10 and adiponectin was not significant in the RT, AT and CT groups compared to the control group. CONCLUSION CT was the most effective training mode for decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory markers in overweight patients with haemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Parhampour
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadgoo
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Torkaman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ravanbod
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hassan Saneii
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ramos-Campo DJ, Girard O, Pérez A, Rubio-Arias JÁ. Additive stress of normobaric hypoxic conditioning to improve body mass loss and cardiometabolic markers in individuals with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2019; 207:28-40. [PMID: 31047948 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if hypoxic conditioning, compared to similar training near sea level, maximizes body mass loss and further improves cardiometabolic markers in overweight and obese individuals. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases (up to January 2019) was performed. This analysis included randomized controlled trials with humans with overweight or obesity assessing the effects of HC on body mass loss or cardiometabolic markers. A subgroup analysis was performed to examine if HC effects differed between individuals with overweight or obesity. 13 articles (336 participants) qualified for inclusion. HC significantly decreased body mass (p = .01), fat mass (p = .04), waist/hip ratio (p < .001), waist (p < .001), LDL (p = .01), diastolic (p < .01) and systolic blood pressure (p < .01) with these effects not being larger than equivalent normoxic interventions. There were trends towards higher triglycerides decrement (p = .06) and higher muscle mass gain in hypoxic (p = .08) compared with normoxic condition. Also, the two BMI categories displayed no difference in the magnitude of the responses. Compared to normoxic equivalent, HC provides greater reductions in triglycerides and greater muscle growth, while body mass changes are similar. In addition, HC responses were essentially similar between individuals with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo J Ramos-Campo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Sports, UCAM, Catholic University San Antonio, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Olivier Girard
- Murdoch Applied Sport Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrés Pérez
- UCAM Research Centre for High Performance Sport, Catholic University San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Sports, UCAM, Catholic University San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
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Krause MP, Milne KJ, Hawke TJ. Adiponectin-Consideration for its Role in Skeletal Muscle Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071528. [PMID: 30934678 PMCID: PMC6480271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin regulates metabolism through blood glucose control and fatty acid oxidation, partly mediated by downstream effects of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle. More recently, skeletal muscle has been identified as a source of adiponectin expression, fueling interest in the role of adiponectin as both a circulating adipokine and a locally expressed paracrine/autocrine factor. In addition to being metabolically responsive, skeletal muscle functional capacity, calcium handling, growth and maintenance, regenerative capacity, and susceptibility to chronic inflammation are all strongly influenced by adiponectin stimulation. Furthermore, physical exercise has clear links to adiponectin expression and circulating concentrations in healthy and diseased populations. Greater physical activity is generally related to higher adiponectin expression while lower adiponectin levels are found in inactive obese, pre-diabetic, and diabetic populations. Exercise training typically restores plasma adiponectin and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. Thus, the role of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle has expanded beyond that of a metabolic regulator to include several aspects of skeletal muscle function and maintenance critical to muscle health, many of which are responsive to, and mediated by, physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Krause
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kevin J Milne
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Flynn MG, Markofski MM, Carrillo AE. Elevated Inflammatory Status and Increased Risk of Chronic Disease in Chronological Aging: Inflamm-aging or Inflamm-inactivity? Aging Dis 2019; 10:147-156. [PMID: 30705775 PMCID: PMC6345337 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated hyper-inflammation or "inflamm-aging" has been linked to the development of chronic diseases and characterized as an unavoidable aspect of aging. However, the inflamm-aging model does not adequately address the potential anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training and the potential for exercise to ameliorate several age-related diseases. In this brief review, we introduce a new paradigm-inflamm-inactivity-that describes a potent counter-measure to age-associated inflammatory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Flynn
- HCA South Atlantic Division, Charleston, SC 29492, USA
- College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Melissa M. Markofski
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Andres E. Carrillo
- Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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Hornik B, Duława J, Szewieczek J, Durmała J. Physical activity increases the resistin concentration in hemodialyzed patients without metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 12:43-57. [PMID: 30588054 PMCID: PMC6302825 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s186674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistin (RES) concentration increases in end-stage renal disease patients. However, there have been no studies defining the role of physical activity in RES concentrations in hemodialyzed (HD) patients. This study was aimed to determine metabolic and inflammatory effects, including RES, of 4-week supervised rehabilitation program in HD patients, with or without metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS The study was completed by 28 patients aged 56.9±13.3 years ( x ¯ ± SD ) who were HD for 50.6±73.4 months, and 30 controls aged 61.5±8.3 years with normal renal function. Both the groups were divided into two subgroups with respect to MS. Individualized supervised rehabilitation program based on physiotherapy, including exercises, was provided to each subject for 4 weeks. Baseline and post-intervention complete blood count, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and levels of serum RES, leptin, adiponectin, cystatin C, erythropoietin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6, transforming growth factor- β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 homocysteine, insulin, albumin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and phosphorus were measured. RESULTS Compared to controls, HD patients showed higher baseline leucocytes count and higher serum concentrations of RES, leptin, cystatin C, hs-CRP, TNF-α, homocysteine, phosphorus, PTH while hemoglobin, glucose, and albumin concentrations. A positive correlation between serum albumin and RES concentrations was observed in HD patients. Post-intervention RES increase was observed in HD patients without MS (post-intervention 34.22±8.89 vs baseline 30.16±11.04 ng/mL; P=0.046) while no change was observed in patients with MS and in the control group. CONCLUSION MS modifies a RES response to the rehabilitation program in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Hornik
- Department of Internal Nursing, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland,
| | - Jan Duława
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Szewieczek
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Durmała
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Efficacy of Exercise Time Models in Weight-Loss and Coronary Risk Panel of Middle-Aged Females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/hmj.86318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Said MA, Abdelmoneem M, Almaqhawi A, Hamid Kotob AA, Alibrahim MC, Bougmiza I. Multidisciplinary approach to obesity: Aerobic or resistance physical exercise? J Exerc Sci Fit 2018; 16:118-123. [PMID: 30662505 PMCID: PMC6323181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An integrated treatment based on dieting, physical training and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy is an effective tool to reduce obesity and its consequences. However, the feasibility of this approach is problematic. This study aims to compare two multidisciplinary programs used to improve weight loss. Methods Fifty-two obese individuals were subjected to an Enhanced Lifestyle Counselling associated with, according to their own choice, dieting (N = 11), or dieting + aerobic training (n = 18), or dieting + resistance training program (n = 23). The study experiment spanned 16 weeks divided into two phases. The first phase lasted 04 weeks and was oriented to enhance motivation and establishing changes in behaviours related to dietary and sedentary lifestyle. The second phase lasted 12 weeks and was oriented to add aerobic or resistance training. Body compositions, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and cardio-respiratory fitness were assessed. Results Data demonstrated that all obesity treatment programs were able to improve all studied variables. Weight loss levels were -6.03 ± 2.08, -10.5 ± 2.33, and -9.37 ± 1.99 kg in Dieting, DAT and DRT groups, respectively. Our results noted also that exercise training could play an important role in reducing obesity and its consequences. Nevertheless, modifications were more important in DRT at the explosivity and muscle strength and in DAT at fat percentage, aerobic capacity, SA, and CVR factors. Conclusion The current evidence noted that both multidisciplinary weight loss programs were efficient in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidity. Moreover, the use of aerobic exercises was more effective in reducing body fat and improving cardiorespiratory fitness. However, using resistance exercises appeared to be more appropriate to enhance the muscle potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Said
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoneem
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almaqhawi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abdel Hamid Kotob
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Chaab Alibrahim
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iheb Bougmiza
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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The overweight increases circulating inflammatory mediators commonly associated with obesity in young individuals. Cytokine 2018; 110:169-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gomes JAS, Oliveira MC, Gobira PH, Silva GC, Marçal AP, Gomes GF, Ferrari CZ, Lemos VS, Oliveira ACPD, Vieira LB, Ferreira AVM, Aguiar DC. A high-refined carbohydrate diet facilitates compulsive-like behavior in mice through the nitric oxide pathway. Nitric Oxide 2018; 80:61-69. [PMID: 30125695 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by abnormal adipose tissue expansion and is associated with chronic inflammation. Obesity itself may induce several comorbidities, including psychiatric disorders. It has been previously demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines are able to up-regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) release, which both have a role in compulsive related behaviors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether acute or chronic consumption of a high-refined carbohydrate-containing (HC) diet will modify burying-behavior in the Marble Burying Test (MBT) through augmentation of NO signaling in the striatum, a brain region related to the reward system. Further, we also verified the effects of chronic consumption of a HC diet on the reinforcing effects induced by cocaine in the Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) test. METHODS Male BALB/c mice received a standard diet (control diet) or a HC diet for 3 days or 12 weeks. RESULTS An increase in burying behavior occurred in the MBT after chronic consumption of a HC diet that was associated with an increase of nitrite levels in the striatum. The pre-treatment with Aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg), a preferential inhibitor of iNOS, prevented such alterations. Additionally, a chronic HC diet also induced a higher expression of iNOS in this region and higher glutamate release from striatal synaptosomes. Neither statistical differences were observed in the expression levels of the neuronal isoform of NOS nor in microglia number and activation. Finally, the reinforcing effects induced by cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) during the expression of the conditioned response in the CPP test were not different between the chronically HC diet fed mice and the control group. However, HC diet-feeding mice presented impairment of cocaine-preference extinction. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results suggest that the chronic consumption of a HC diet induces compulsive-like behavior through a mechanism possibly associated with NO activation in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Ariana Souza Gomes
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina C Oliveira
- Departmento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Gobira
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Grazielle C Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Marçal
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Freitas Gomes
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departmento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Zaniboni Ferrari
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departmento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luciene Bruno Vieira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departmento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adaliene V M Ferreira
- Departmento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Aguiar
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Araujo TF, Cordeiro AV, Vasconcelos DAA, Vitzel KF, Silva VRR. The role of cathepsin B in autophagy during obesity: A systematic review. Life Sci 2018; 209:274-281. [PMID: 30107168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) regulates energy homeostasis by releasing adipokines and modulating cell maintenance. Nutrient excess affects adipocyte hypertrophy directly in WAT by increasing excessively the activity of autophagy systems, generating proinflammatory markers and increasing infiltration of macrophages, causing metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Evidences suggest that cathepsin B (CTSB), a papain-like cysteine peptidase protein, can modulate autophagy processes in adipocytes. This review will focus on the role of CTSB in autophagy under conditions of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís F Araujo
- University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kaio F Vitzel
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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Jia X, Jiang C, Tao J, Li Y, Zhou Y, Chen LD. Effects of core strength training combined with Tai Chi Chuan for the musculoskeletal system and cardiopulmonary function in older adults: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12024. [PMID: 30170410 PMCID: PMC6392686 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the national census, China has gradually become an aging society; moreover, aging has become an irreversible worldwide trend in the twenty-first century. Aging can lead to decreased physical function, mobility, cardiopulmonary function and quality of life (QOL). The feasibility and benefits of core strength training (CST) and Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) in older adults (including improving cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and mental health outcomes) have been confirmed in previous studies. To date, these exercise programmes have not been systematically compared, and the potential benefits of their combined use have not been tested. The primary objective of this study protocol is to evaluate the effects of CST compared to those of TCC on the function of the musculoskeletal system and the cardiopulmonary system in older adults.The second objective is to test the effectiveness of combined physical training that incorporates CST and TCC. METHODS A randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial will be conducted. Three hundred eighty-four participants who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated into a control group, a CST group, a TCC group, and a combined group in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Participants in the CST group and the TCC group will respectively receive CST and TCC training at a frequency of 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, totally 12 weeks. Participants in the combined group will receive 30 minutes CST and 30 minutes TCC training per day, 5 days per week, totally 12 weeks. No specific exercises will be required of the participants in the control group. Both musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary function outcomes, including bone density detection, balance and coordination ability, walking ability, pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, fall risk assessment, activities of daily living, pulmonary function tests, color sonography and electrocardiogram, will be evaluated by blinded operators at baseline, 13 weeks and 25 weeks (follow-up period). DISCUSSION The results of this study protocol are expected to clarify the synergistic effect of CST and TCC training on musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary function in older adults. Furthermore, these findings will confirm whether combined or exclusive CST and TCC training, is more effective at improving functional outcomes in the elderly. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-IOR-17010769. Registration date: March 3, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Jia
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cai Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinyan Li
- Outpatient Department of the Affiliated Medical Hall of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li-dian Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Effect of Short-Term Interval Exercise Training on Fatigue, Depression, and Fitness in Normal Weight vs. Overweight Person With Multiple Sclerosis. Explore (NY) 2018; 15:134-141. [PMID: 30122328 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Excessive weight is a health problem that can exacerbate multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms and its associated comorbidities such as depression and fatigue. In addition, weight may be a moderator of exercise effects on depression and fatigue symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise training on fatigue and depression in normal and overweight individuals with MS. METHODS Sixty-six persons with MS were randomly assigned into an exercise or control condition based on body weight status (overweight vs. normal weight). The exercise conditions involved 8-weeks of interval exercise at 60%-75% Wattpeak, while the control condition did not involve any exercise. Fatigue, depression, aerobic capacity, time up and go (TUG) and body mass index were measured before and following the 8-week period. RESULTS There were no significant relationship's revealed for weight status interactions for any of the variables examined. There were significant condition main effects for fatigue, depression, aerobic capacity and TUG, and significant improvements were noted for the exercise conditions, but not in the non-exercising control group. CONCLUSION The results from this study confirm that exercise is an effective therapeutic intervention for improving fatigue, depression and functional parameters, independent of initial weight status, in persons with MS.
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Effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 24:91-100. [PMID: 29982111 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity, particularly exercise training, is an evidence-based approach for managing symptoms, restoring function and improving overall wellness in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Several recent studies have argued for a potential disease modifying effect of exercise in people with MS, and among the potential mediating mechanisms are exercise training effects on both cytokines and adipokines. The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review of exercise training effects on cytokine and adipokine profiles in persons with MS. METHODS We conducted open-dated searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PEDro using the terms 'Multiple sclerosis' or 'MS' AND 'exercise' OR 'training' OR 'physical activity' AND 'cytokine' OR 'inflammatory' OR 'immune' OR 'adipokine'. Included studies were written in English; comprised of humans with MS, and evaluated the effects of regular physical activity or exercise on pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines or adipokines. Two authors independently scanned titles and abstracts, and read the studies included. All studies were rated on the PEDro scale and further classified based on American Academy of Neurology criteria. RESULTS Twelve studies were included of which 10 studies focused on cytokines, 1 study focused on adipokines, and 1 study included both cytokines and adipokines. The selected studies included 3 Class I studies, 7 Class II studies, and 2 Class IV studies and had average PEDro scores of 6.9 ± 1.6. Studies included endurance (n = 5), resistance (n = 3), combined (n = 3), and vibration (n = 1) training. Overall, there is a general lack of standardization of procedures across studies and inconsistent evidence for the effects of physical activity and exercise on cytokine and adipokine profiles in MS, with a general pattern indicating a lack of effect. CONCLUSION Research regarding the effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in MS is in its infancy, but exercise represents an adjuvant therapy in MS, and future studies are essential for clarifying the role of exercise on cytokines and adipokines in MS.
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Ghesquière L, Hanssens S, Leroy A, Petit C, Deruelle P, Azaïs H. [Sport: A key element for myometrial contractility and regulation of adipokines in obese pregnant women?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 46:587-592. [PMID: 29937109 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem. Pregnant women are also affected by this epidemic. In pregnant women, obesity increases obstetric and neonatal complications, and is associated with alterations in the quality of labor that could be explained by reduced myometrial contractility. This leads to an increase in the rate of caesarean sections and postpartum haemorrhages in this population at risk. Adipokines, hormones secreted by adipose tissue, may have a role in altering the myometrial contractility. Weight loss in these patients is based on dietary management and on physical activity, which could be a way to improve adipokines action and uterine contractility. The objective of this literature review was to review current knowledge about the role of adipokines on uterine contractility in obese pregnant women and to assess the interest of sport in improving contractility and in reducing obstetric complications in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ghesquière
- Département d'obstétrique, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - S Hanssens
- Département d'obstétrique, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A Leroy
- Département d'obstétrique, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Petit
- Département d'obstétrique, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - P Deruelle
- Département d'obstétrique, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; EA4489-Environnement périnatal et croissance, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - H Azaïs
- Département d'obstétrique, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Ness KK, Kirkland JL, Gramatges MM, Wang Z, Kundu M, McCastlain K, Li-Harms X, Zhang J, Tchkonia T, Pluijm SMF, Armstrong GT. Premature Physiologic Aging as a Paradigm for Understanding Increased Risk of Adverse Health Across the Lifespan of Survivors of Childhood Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2206-2215. [PMID: 29874132 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.7467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement in survival of childhood cancer observed across the past 50 years has resulted in a growing acknowledgment that simply extending the lifespan of survivors is not enough. It is incumbent on both the cancer research and the clinical care communities to also improve the health span of survivors. It is well established that aging adult survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of chronic health conditions, relative to the general population. However, as the first generation of survivors age into their 50s and 60s, it has become increasingly evident that this population is also at risk of early onset of physiologic aging. Geriatric measures have uncovered evidence of reduced strength and speed and increased fatigue, all components of frailty, among survivors with a median age of 33 years, which is similar to adults older than 65 years of age in the general population. Furthermore, frailty in survivors independently increased the risk of morbidity and mortality. Although there has been a paucity of research investigating the underlying biologic mechanisms for advanced physiologic age in survivors, results from geriatric populations suggest five biologically plausible mechanisms that may be potentiated by exposure to cancer therapies: increased cellular senescence, reduced telomere length, epigenetic modifications, somatic mutations, and mitochondrial DNA infidelity. There is now a critical need for research to elucidate the biologic mechanisms of premature aging in survivors of childhood cancer. This research could pave the way for new frontiers in the prevention of these life-changing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K Ness
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - James L Kirkland
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Monica Gramatges
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly McCastlain
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiujie Li-Harms
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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The relationship between adiposopathy and glucose-insulin homeostasis is not affected by moderate-intensity aerobic training in healthy women with obesity. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:591-601. [PMID: 29696568 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of adiposopathy to glucose-insulin homeostasis remains unclear. This longitudinal study examined the potential relationship between the adiponectin/leptin ratio (A/L, a marker of adiposopathy) and insulin resistance (IR: homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)), insulin sensitivity (IS: Matsuda), and insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test before and after a 16-week walking program, in 29 physically inactive pre- and postmenopausal women with obesity (BMI, 29-35 kg/m2; age, 47-54 years). Anthropometry, body composition, VO2max, and fasting lipid-lipoprotein and inflammatory profiles were assessed. A/L was unchanged after training (p = 0.15), despite decreased leptin levels (p < 0.05). While the Matsuda index tended to increase (p = 0.07), HOMA decreased (p < 0.05) and fasting insulin was reduced (p < 0.01) but insulin area under the curve (AUC) remained unchanged (p = 0.18) after training. Body fatness and VO2max were improved (p < 0.05) while triacylglycerols increased and HDL-CHOL levels decreased after training (p < 0.05). At baseline, A/L was positively associated with VO2max, HDL-CHOL levels, and Matsuda (0.37 < ρ < 0.56; p < 0.05) but negatively with body fatness, HOMA, insulin AUC, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels (- 0.41 < ρ < - 0.66; p < 0.05). After training, associations with fitness, HOMA, and inflammation were lost. Multiple regression analysis revealed A/L as an independent predictor of IR and IS, before training (partial R2 = 0.10 and 0.22), although A/L did not predict the insulin AUC pre- or post-intervention. A significant correlation was found between training-induced changes to A/L and IS (r = 0.38; p < 0.05) but not with IR or insulin AUC. Although changes in the A/L ratio could not explain improvements to glucose-insulin homeostasis indices following training, a relationship with insulin sensitivity was revealed in healthy women with obesity.
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Effects of gastric bypass surgery followed by supervised physical training on inflammation and endothelial function: A randomized controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2018; 273:37-44. [PMID: 29677629 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and physical inactivity are both associated with low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Bariatric surgery improves markers of inflammation and endothelial function, but it is unknown if physical training after bariatric surgery can improve these markers even further. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) followed by physical training on markers of low-grade inflammation and endothelial function. METHODS Sixty patients approved for RYGB underwent examinations pre-surgery, 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery. Six months post-surgery, they were randomized 1:1 to an intervention group or a control group. The interventions consisted of two weekly sessions of supervised moderate intensity physical training for a period of 26 weeks. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA:Ag) and von Willebrand factor (vWF). RESULTS RYGB markedly improved markers of inflammation (IL-6, CRP) (p < 0.001) and endothelial function (ICAM-1, t-PA:Ag, vWF) (p < 0.05), and the improvements were sustained 24 months post-surgery (p < 0.01), except for the effects on vWF. We found no correlations between the changes in weight or BMI and the changes in markers of inflammation and endothelial function, except that the change in vWF was found to be inversely correlated with the changes in weight and BMI. We observed no effects of supervised physical training on markers on inflammation or endothelial function (p>0.1 for all). CONCLUSIONS RYGB causes substantial and sustained favorable effects on markers of inflammation and endothelial function. Supervised physical training after RYGB did not cause additional improvements.
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Abstract
Obesity and associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pose an increasing risk to the health of both individuals and society. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ, secreting many hormones, known as adipokines. Evidence suggests that one suggest adipokine, resistin, may be elevated in the plasma of individuals with T2DM, and early reports indicated that this may contribute to the impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance observed in T2DM, hence its name, resistin, however subsequent evidence suggests it may have a proinflammatory role. Performing regular exercise and dietary interventions improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in the majority of individuals with T2DM, and we hypothesized that plasma resistin levels may drop in individuals following a long term aerobic and/or resistance exercise intervention program. Articles analyzing the effects of exercise on serum resistin levels were therefore analyzed. Articles were selected and analyzed based on a minimum aerobic and/or resistance training program of 2 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Plasma resistin levels decreased following either endurance aerobic exercise and/or resistance training plans in individuals with obesity and/or insulin resistance, although this was not related to BMI change. Exercise intervention programs generally showed potentially beneficial changes in plasma resistin concentrations. It is possible these effects are mediated through exercise-induced decreases in inflammation via anti-inflammatory cytokine release rather than alterations in glucose metabolism and reductions in BMI per se. A possible link between resistin, exercise and T2DM is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cobbold
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia -
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Mahieu MA, Ahn GE, Chmiel JS, Dunlop DD, Helenowski IB, Semanik P, Song J, Yount S, Chang RW, Ramsey-Goldman R. Serum adipokine levels and associations with patient-reported fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1053-1061. [PMID: 29302804 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity ameliorates fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by an unknown mechanism. Adipokines, which are influenced by adiposity and physical activity, may be associated with patient-reported fatigue. We describe cross-sectional associations between adipokines and fatigue, physical activity, and SLE disease activity. We measured adipokines, self-reported fatigue, and objective physical activity in 129 SLE patients. Fatigue was assessed with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) Fatigue score. Disease activity was measured with the Safety of Estrogens in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI). Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days to measure physical activity. Leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were measured in stored serum with a Luminex bead-based assay. Multivariable regression models assessed relationships between fatigue and adipokines, and Spearman correlation coefficients summarized associations between adipokines, physical activity, and SELENA-SLEDAI. Median adipokine levels were: leptin 30.5 ng/ml (Interquartile Range 14.0, 56.6), adiponectin 11.6 μg/ml (7.2, 16.8) and resistin 1.4 ng/ml (1.0, 2.2). Associations between adipokines and FSS or PROMIS fatigue were not significant. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 was associated with FSS and PROMIS fatigue in regression analyses (p < 0.05). Weak correlations between leptin, adiponectin, leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio, and physical activity and between adiponectin and SELENA-SLEDAI score were not significant after adjusting for BMI. Adipokines were not associated with fatigue in SLE. Adipokines were correlated with physical activity (leptin, adiponectin, L/A ratio) and SLE disease activity (adiponectin), but most of these associations were explained by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Mahieu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 East Huron Street M-300, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Grace E Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 East Huron Street M-300, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Arthritis and Rheumatism Associates, Wheaton, MD, USA
| | - Joan S Chmiel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dorothy D Dunlop
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 East Huron Street M-300, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irene B Helenowski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Semanik
- Department of Adult Health and Gerontological Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Song
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan Yount
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rowland W Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 East Huron Street M-300, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 East Huron Street M-300, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Banerjee D, Opal SM. Age, exercise, and the outcome of sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:286. [PMID: 29169402 PMCID: PMC5701382 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the increasingly important need to diagnose and care for the elderly with sepsis as a distinct patient population. We share an overview of age-related changes in sepsis physiology and the potential role of exercise. See related research by Tyml et al., https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-017-1783-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasree Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA. .,Lifespan Hospital System, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Steven M Opal
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Lifespan Hospital System, Providence, RI, USA
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Gram AS, Bladbjerg EM, Quist JS, Petersen MB, Rosenkilde M, Stallknecht B. Anti-inflammatory effects of active commuting and leisure time exercise in overweight and obese women and men: A randomized controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:318-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jenks MZ, Fairfield HE, Johnson EC, Morrison RF, Muday GK. Sex Steroid Hormones Regulate Leptin Transcript Accumulation and Protein Secretion in 3T3-L1 Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8232. [PMID: 28811502 PMCID: PMC5558017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine produced by fat cells that regulates food consumption and metabolic activity. Sexual dimorphism in leptin and fat stores have been observed in humans and rodents with females having more leptin and greater levels of subcutaneous fat than males. One potential mechanism leading to this dimorphism is steroid hormone regulated synthesis of transcripts encoding leptin. Identification of direct regulatory mechanisms is difficult in animals or primary adipocytes due to these intertwined dimorphisms. We used well-characterized 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes to demonstrate that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) reduced Leptin (Lep) transcript abundance and cytosolic and secreted leptin protein. The magnitude of this effect was greatest on secreted leptin, which was decreased by DHT to 30% of the control. In contrast, 17β-estradiol significantly increased the abundance of transcripts encoding leptin and increased secreted leptin to 230% of the control. Treatment with estrogen and androgen receptor antagonists had opposite effects on Lep transcript abundance to steroid treatments, indicating that these transcriptional effects are mediated through the canonical steroid hormone signaling pathways. These results indicate that short-term treatments with steroid hormones are sufficient to alter both Lep transcript accumulation and leptin protein secretion, and may play a role in the sexual dimorphism of this adipokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Z Jenks
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather E Fairfield
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik C Johnson
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ron F Morrison
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Vella CA, Allison MA, Cushman M, Jenny NS, Miles MP, Larsen B, Lakoski SG, Michos ED, Blaha MJ. Physical Activity and Adiposity-related Inflammation: The MESA. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:915-921. [PMID: 27977529 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity is associated with decreased adiposity-related inflammation in adults. Whether this association is independent of central obesity is unknown but important for understanding the mechanisms associated with reducing cardiometabolic disease risk through physical activity. This study examined whether associations of physical activity and obesity-related inflammatory markers were independent of central adiposity. METHODS Between 2002 and 2005, 1970 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis completed detailed health history and physical activity questionnaires, underwent physical measurements including computed tomography to quantify abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat, and measurements of adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and resistin. Statistical analyses included analysis of covariance and multivariable-adjusted regression. RESULTS The mean (range) age of participants was 64.7 (55-84) yr and 50% were women. After adjustment for age and sex, and compared with the lowest quartile, inflammatory markers in the highest quartile of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were 16% higher for adiponectin and 30%, 26%, and 9% lower for leptin, interleukin-6, and resistin, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). In linear regression adjusted for demographics, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, glomerular filtration rate, renin, and aldosterone, each standard deviation increment of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with significantly higher levels of adiponectin (β = 0.04) and lower levels of leptin (β = -0.06), interleukin-6 (β = -0.08), and resistin (β = -0.05, P < 0.05 for all). The associations with leptin, interleukin-6, and resistin were independent of total and central adiposity (P < 0.05), whereas the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiponectin was attenuated by central adiposity (P > 0.05). There were no significant interactions by race/ethnicity or sex. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a more favorable profile of inflammatory markers, independent of relevant cardiometabolic disease risk factors including central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Vella
- 1Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; 2Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA; 3Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT; 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT; 5Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT; 6Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and 7Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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49
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Ferreira R, Nogueira-Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Santos LL, Moreira-Gonçalves D. The impact of exercise training on adipose tissue remodelling in cancer cachexia. Porto Biomed J 2017; 2:333-339. [PMID: 32258790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbj.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia affects the majority of patients with advanced cancer and no effective treatment is currently available to address this paraneoplastic syndrome. It is characterized by a reduction in body weight due to the loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle. The loss of WAT seems to occur at an earlier time point than skeletal muscle proteolysis, with recent evidence suggesting that the browning of WAT may be a major contributor to this process. Several factors seem to modulate WAT browning including pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, the underlying molecular pathways are poorly characterized. Exercise training is currently recommended for the clinical management of low-grade inflammatory conditions as cancer cachexia. While it seems to counterbalance the impairment of skeletal muscle function and attenuate the loss of muscle mass, little is known regarding its effects in adipose tissue. The browning of WAT is one of the mechanisms through which exercise improves body composition in overweight/obese individuals. While this effect is obviously advantageous in this clinical setting, it remains to be clarified if exercise training could protect or exacerbate the cachexia-related catabolic phenotype occurring in adipose tissue of cancer patients. Herein, we overview the molecular players involved in adipose tissue remodelling in cancer cachexia and in exercise training and hypothesize on the mechanisms modulated by the synergetic effect of these conditions. A better understanding of how physical activity regulates body composition will certainly help in the development of successful multimodal therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,iBiMED, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group - Research Center, IPO-Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Health School of University of Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgical Oncology, IPO-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,CIAFEL, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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50
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Sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia: A cross talk between age-associated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation as a main mechanism of the pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:200-221. [PMID: 27702700 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass coupled with functional deterioration, may be exacerbated by obesity leading to higher disability, frailty, morbidity and mortality rates. In the combination of sarcopenia and obesity, the state called sarcopenic obesity (SOB), some key age- and obesity-mediated factors and pathways may aggravate sarcopenia. This review will analyze the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SOB. In obese adipose tissue (AT), adipocytes undergo hypertrophy, hyperplasia and activation resulted in accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages and other immune cells as well as dysregulated production of various adipokines that together with senescent cells and the immune cell-released cytokines and chemokines create a local pro-inflammatory status. In addition, obese AT is characterized by excessive production and disturbed capacity to store lipids, which accumulate ectopically in skeletal muscle. These intramuscular lipids and their derivatives induce mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired β-oxidation capacity and increased reactive oxygen species formation providing lipotoxic environment and insulin resistance as well as enhanced secretion of some pro-inflammatory myokines capable of inducing muscle dysfunction by auto/paracrine manner. In turn, by endocrine manner, these myokines may exacerbate AT inflammation and also support chronic low grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging), overall establishing a detrimental vicious circle maintaining AT and skeletal muscle inflammation, thus triggering and supporting SOB development. Under these circumstances, we believe that AT inflammation dominates over skeletal muscle inflammation. Thus, in essence, it redirects the vector of processes from "sarcopenia→obesity" to "obesity→sarcopenia". We therefore propose that this condition be defined as "obese sarcopenia", to reflect the direction of the pathological pathway.
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