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Saltré F, Chadœuf J, Higham T, Ochocki M, Block S, Bunney E, Llamas B, Bradshaw CJA. Environmental conditions associated with initial northern expansion of anatomically modern humans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4364. [PMID: 38777837 PMCID: PMC11111671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of our ancestors to switch food sources and to migrate to more favourable environments enabled the rapid global expansion of anatomically modern humans beyond Africa as early as 120,000 years ago. Whether this versatility was largely the result of environmentally determined processes or was instead dominated by cultural drivers, social structures, and interactions among different groups, is unclear. We develop a statistical approach that combines both archaeological and genetic data to infer the more-likely initial expansion routes in northern Eurasia and the Americas. We then quantify the main differences in past environmental conditions between the more-likely routes and other potential (less-likely) routes of expansion. We establish that, even though cultural drivers remain plausible at finer scales, the emergent migration corridors were predominantly constrained by a combination of regional environmental conditions, including the presence of a forest-grassland ecotone, changes in temperature and precipitation, and proximity to rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérik Saltré
- Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joël Chadœuf
- UR 1052, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Montfavet, France
| | - Thomas Higham
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, University Biology Building, Carl Djerassi Platz 1, A-1030, Wien, Austria
- Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | - Monty Ochocki
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, University Biology Building, Carl Djerassi Platz 1, A-1030, Wien, Austria
- Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | - Sebastián Block
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544-1003, USA
| | - Ellyse Bunney
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, The Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Indigenous Genomics, Telethon Kids Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Corey J A Bradshaw
- Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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2
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Labarca R, Frugone-Álvarez M, Vilches L, Blanco JF, Peñaloza Á, Godoy-Aguirre C, Lizama-Catalán Á, Oyarzo C, Tornero C, González-Guarda E, Delgado A, Sepúlveda M, Soto-Huenchuman P. Taguatagua 3: A new late Pleistocene settlement in a highly suitable lacustrine habitat in central Chile (34°S). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302465. [PMID: 38776357 PMCID: PMC11111044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the results of the excavations and analyses of the diverse and exceptional archaeological assemblage of Taguatagua 3, a new late Pleistocene site located in the ancient Tagua Tagua lake in Central Chile (34°S). The anthropogenic context is constrained in a coherently dated stratigraphic deposit which adds new information about the mobility, subsistence strategies, and settlement of the early hunter-gatherers of southern South America. The age model constructed, as well as radiocarbon dates obtained directly from a combustion structure, indicate that the human occupation occurred over a brief time span around 12,440-12,550 cal yr BP. Considering taphonomic, geoarchaeological, lithic, archaeobotanical, and zooarchaeological evidence, as well as the spatial distribution combined with ethnographic data, we interpret Taguatagua 3 as a logistic and temporary camp associated mainly with gomphothere hunting and butchering. Nevertheless, several other activities were carried out here as well, such as hide and/or bone preparation, small vertebrate and plant processing and consumption, and red ochre grinding. Botanical and eggshell remains suggest that the anthropic occupation occurred during the dry season. Considering the contemporaneous sites recorded in the basin, we conclude that the ancient Tagua Tagua lake was a key location along the region's early hunter-gatherer mobility circuits. In this context, it acted as a recurrent hunting/scavenging place during the Late Pleistocene due to its abundant, diverse, and predictable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Labarca
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Antropología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Frugone-Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Ambiental, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Ángela Peñaloza
- Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carolina Godoy-Aguirre
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Antropología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Carlos Tornero
- Department of Prehistory, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Ayelen Delgado
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcela Sepúlveda
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Tarapacá, Iquique, Chile
| | - Paula Soto-Huenchuman
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ontogenia y Filogenia, Red Paleontológica U-Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Patrimonio Paleontológico, Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Velasco N, Bustamante R, Smit C. Dispersal syndromes of Vachellia caven: Dismantling introduction hypotheses and the role of man as a conceptual support for an archaeophyte in South America. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17171. [PMID: 37332936 PMCID: PMC10276236 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vachellia caven has a disjunct distribution at the southern cone of South America, occupying two major ranges: west of Andes (Central Chile) and east of them (mainly the South American Gran Chaco). For decades, the species has been subject to various ecological and natural history studies across its distribution, but questions concerning its origin in the western range remain unresolved. Thus far, it is unclear whether Vachellia caven was always a natural component of the Chilean forests, and "how" and "when" the species arrived in the country. In this study, we revised the dispersal syndromes of the species and contrast the two main hypotheses of dispersion to the west of Andes that have been proposed in the 90's, namely animal versus human-mediated dispersal. For this, we reviewed all scientific literature on the species and explored the available information on morphology, genetics, fossil records and distribution patterns of closely related species. Here we illustrate how the collected evidence provides support for the human-mediated dispersal hypothesis, by including a conceptual synthesis that summarizes the outcomes of different dispersal scenarios. Lastly, and regarding the positive ecological effects this species has in the introduced area, we suggest reconsidering the (underappreciated) historical impacts of archaeophytes and rethinking the role that indigenous human tribes may have had in the dispersion of different plants in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Velasco
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Ramiro Bustamante
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile
- Cape Horn International Centre, Cape Horn County, Chilean Antarctic Province, Chile
| | - Christian Smit
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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4
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Arango-Isaza E, Capodiferro MR, Aninao MJ, Babiker H, Aeschbacher S, Achilli A, Posth C, Campbell R, Martínez FI, Heggarty P, Sadowsky S, Shimizu KK, Barbieri C. The genetic history of the Southern Andes from present-day Mapuche ancestry. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00607-3. [PMID: 37279753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The southernmost regions of South America harbor some of the earliest evidence of human presence in the Americas. However, connections with the rest of the continent and the contextualization of present-day indigenous ancestries remain poorly resolved. In this study, we analyze the genetic ancestry of one of the largest indigenous groups in South America: the Mapuche. We generate genome-wide data from 64 participants from three Mapuche populations in Southern Chile: Pehuenche, Lafkenche, and Huilliche. Broadly, we describe three main ancestry blocks with a common origin, which characterize the Southern Cone, the Central Andes, and Amazonia. Within the Southern Cone, ancestors of the Mapuche lineages differentiated from those of the Far South during the Middle Holocene and did not experience further migration waves from the north. We find that the deep genetic split between the Central and Southern Andes is followed by instances of gene flow, which may have accompanied the southward spread of cultural traits from the Central Andes, including crops and loanwords from Quechua into Mapudungun (the language of the Mapuche). Finally, we report close genetic relatedness between the three populations analyzed, with the Huilliche characterized additionally by intense recent exchanges with the Far South. Our findings add new perspectives on the genetic (pre)history of South America, from the first settlement through to the present-day indigenous presence. Follow-up fieldwork took these results back to the indigenous communities to contextualize the genetic narrative alongside indigenous knowledge and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Epifanía Arango-Isaza
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Rosario Capodiferro
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | | | - Hiba Babiker
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Simon Aeschbacher
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Cosimo Posth
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo, and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Roberto Campbell
- Escuela de Antropología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6904411, Chile
| | - Felipe I Martínez
- Escuela de Antropología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6904411, Chile; Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Paul Heggarty
- "Waves" ERC Group, Department of Human Behavior, Evolution and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Scott Sadowsky
- Department of Linguistics and Literature, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Barbieri
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland; Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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5
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Motti JMB, Pauro M, Scabuzzo C, García A, Aldazábal V, Vecchi R, Bayón C, Pastor N, Demarchi DA, Bravi CM, Reich D, Cabana GS, Nores R. Ancient mitogenomes from the Southern Pampas of Argentina reflect local differentiation and limited extra-regional linkages after rapid initial colonization. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 181:216-230. [PMID: 36919783 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to contribute to the recovery of Indigenous evolutionary history in the Southern Pampas region of Argentina through an analysis of ancient complete mitochondrial genomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated DNA data for nine complete mitogenomes from the Southern Pampas, dated to between 2531 and 723 cal BP. In combination with previously published ancient mitogenomes from the region and from throughout South America, we documented instances of extra-regional lineage-sharing, and estimated coalescent ages for local lineages using a Bayesian method with tip calibrations in a phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS We identified a novel mitochondrial haplogroup, B2b16, and two recently defined haplogroups, A2ay and B2ak1, as well as three local haplotypes within founder haplogroups C1b and C1d. We detected lineage-sharing with ancient and contemporary individuals from Central Argentina, but not with ancient or contemporary samples from North Patagonian or Littoral regions of Argentina, despite archeological evidence of cultural interactions with the latter regions. The estimated coalescent age of these shared lineages is ~10,000 years BP. DISCUSSION The history of the human populations in the Southern Pampas is temporally deep, exhibiting long-term continuity of mitogenome lineages. Additionally, the identification of highly localized mtDNA clades accords with a model of relatively rapid initial colonization of South America by Indigenous communities, followed by more local patterns of limited gene flow and genetic drift in various South American regions, including the Pampas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina M B Motti
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Quequén, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia Pauro
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Clara Scabuzzo
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Transferencia a la Producción (CICyTTP)-CONICET, Provincia de Entre Ríos-Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (UADER)-División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Angelina García
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Museo de Antropología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Aldazábal
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Vecchi
- Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Bayón
- Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Pastor
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Darío A Demarchi
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Museo de Antropología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudio M Bravi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Centro Científico Tecnológica (CCT) La Plata CONICET, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Graciela S Cabana
- Molecular Anthropology Laboratories, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rodrigo Nores
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Museo de Antropología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Balentine CM, Alfonso-Durruty M, Reynolds AW, Vilar M, Morello F, Román MS, Springs LC, Smith RWA, Archer SM, Mata-Míguez J, Wing N, Bolnick DA. Evaluating population histories in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Chile, using ancient mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal DNA. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 180:144-161. [PMID: 36790637 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize the genetic histories of ancient hunter-gatherer groups in Fuego-Patagonia (Chile) with distinct Marine, Terrestrial, and Mixed Economy subsistence strategies. Mitochondrial (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome data were generated to test three hypotheses. H0: All individuals were drawn from the same panmictic population; H1: Terrestrial groups first populated the region and gave rise to highly specialized Marine groups by ~7,500 cal BP; or H2: Marine and Terrestrial groups represent distinct ancestral lineages who migrated independently into the region. METHODS Ancient DNA was extracted from the teeth of 50 Fuegian-Patagonian individuals dating from 6,895 cal BP to after European arrival, and analyzed alongside other individuals from previous studies. Individuals were assigned to Marine, Terrestrial, and Mixed Economy groups based on archeological context and stable isotope diet inferences, and mtDNA (HVR1/2) and Y-chromosome variation was analyzed. RESULTS Endogenous aDNA was obtained from 49/50 (98%) individuals. Haplotype diversities, FST comparisons, and exact tests of population differentiation showed that Marine groups were significantly different from Terrestrial groups based on mtDNA (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between Terrestrial and Mixed Economy groups. Demographic simulations support models in which Marine groups diverged from the others by ~14,000 cal BP. Y-chromosome results showed similar patterns but were not statistically significant due to small sample sizes and allelic dropout. DISCUSSION These results support the hypothesis that Marine and Terrestrial economic groups represent distinct ancestral lineages who diverged during the time populations were expanding in the Americas, and may represent independent migrations into Fuego-Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Balentine
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marta Alfonso-Durruty
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Miguel Vilar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Flavia Morello
- Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center, Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Manuel San Román
- Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center, Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Lauren C Springs
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rick W A Smith
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.,Women and Gender Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Samantha M Archer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jaime Mata-Míguez
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Bolnick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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7
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Silva MACE, Ferraz T, Hünemeier T. A genomic perspective on South American human history. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220078. [PMID: 35925590 PMCID: PMC9351327 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has generally been accepted that the current indigenous peoples of the Americas are derived from ancestors from northeastern Asia. The latter were believed to have spread into the American continent by the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. In this sense, a joint and in-depth study of the earliest settlement of East Asia and the Americas is required to elucidate these events accurately. The first Americans underwent an adaptation process to the Americas' vast environmental diversity, mediated by biological and cultural evolution and niche construction, resulting in enormous cultural diversity, a wealth of domesticated species, and extensive landscape modifications. Afterward, in the Late Holocene, the advent of intensive agricultural food production systems, sedentism, and climate change significantly reshaped genetic and cultural diversity across the continent, particularly in the Andes and Amazonia. Furthermore, starting around the end of the 15th century, European colonization resulted in massive extermination of indigenous peoples and extensive admixture. Thus, the present review aims to create a comprehensive picture of the main events involved in the formation of contemporary South American indigenous populations and the dynamics responsible for shaping their genetic diversity by integrating current genetic data with evidence from archeology, linguistics and other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Araújo Castro E Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Ferraz
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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Bush MB, Rozas-Davila A, Raczka M, Nascimento M, Valencia B, Sales RK, McMichael CNH, Gosling WD. A palaeoecological perspective on the transformation of the tropical Andes by early human activity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200497. [PMID: 35249394 PMCID: PMC8899620 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palaeoecological records suggest that humans have been in the Andes since at least 14 000 years ago. Early human impacts on Andean ecosystems included an increase in fire activity and the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. These changes in Andean ecosystems coincided with rapid climate change as species were migrating upslope in response to deglacial warming. Microrefugia probably played a vital role in the speed and genetic composition of that migration. The period from ca 14 500 to 12 500 years ago was when novel combinations of plant species appeared to form no-analogue assemblages in the Andes. By 12 000 years ago most areas in what are today the Andean grasslands were being burned and modified by human activity. As the vegetation of these highland settings has been modified by human activity for the entirety of the Holocene, they should be regarded as long-term manufactutred landscapes. The sharp tree lines separating Andean forests from grasslands that we see today were probably also created by repeated burning and owe their position more to human-induced fire than climatic constraints. In areas that were readly penetrated by humans on the forested slopes of the Andes, substantial modification and settlement had occurred by the mid-Holocene. In hard-to-reach areas, however, the amount of human modification may always have been minimal, and these slopes can be considered as being close to natural in their vegetation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Bush
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - A Rozas-Davila
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - M Raczka
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK
| | - M Nascimento
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 904 Science Park, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Valencia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Ciencias de la Tierra y Clima, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador
| | - R K Sales
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - C N H McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 904 Science Park, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W D Gosling
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 904 Science Park, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Surovell TA, Allaun SA, Crass BA, Gingerich JAM, Graf KE, Holmes CE, Kelly RL, Kornfeld M, Krasinski KE, Larson ML, Pelton SR, Wygal BT. Late date of human arrival to North America: Continental scale differences in stratigraphic integrity of pre-13,000 BP archaeological sites. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264092. [PMID: 35442993 PMCID: PMC9020715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
By 13,000 BP human populations were present across North America, but the exact date of arrival to the continent, especially areas south of the continental ice sheets, remains unclear. Here we examine patterns in the stratigraphic integrity of early North American sites to gain insight into the timing of first colonization. We begin by modeling stratigraphic mixing of multicomponent archaeological sites to identify signatures of stratigraphic integrity in vertical artifact distributions. From those simulations, we develop a statistic we call the Apparent Stratigraphic Integrity Index (ASI), which we apply to pre- and post-13,000 BP archaeological sites north and south of the continental ice sheets. We find that multiple early Beringian sites dating between 13,000 and 14,200 BP show excellent stratigraphic integrity. Clear signs of discrete and minimally disturbed archaeological components do not appear south of the ice sheets until the Clovis period. These results provide support for a relatively late date of human arrival to the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A. Surovell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah A. Allaun
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Crass
- Museum of the North, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. M. Gingerich
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Kelly E. Graf
- Center for the Study of the First Americans, Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Holmes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Kelly
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Marcel Kornfeld
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E. Krasinski
- Department of Anthropology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary Lou Larson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Spencer R. Pelton
- Office of the Wyoming State Archaeologist, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Wygal
- Department of Anthropology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States of America
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10
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Overview of the Americas’ First Peopling from a Patrilineal Perspective: New Evidence from the Southern Continent. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020220. [PMID: 35205264 PMCID: PMC8871784 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental genetic systems are unique sex indicators and complement the study of autosomal diversity by providing landmarks of human migrations that repeatedly shaped the structure of extant populations. Our knowledge of the variation of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome in Native Americans is still rather scarce and scattered, but by merging sequence information from modern and ancient individuals, we here provide a comprehensive and updated phylogeny of the distinctive Native American branches of haplogroups C and Q. Our analyses confirm C-MPB373, C-P39, Q-Z780, Q-M848, and Q-Y4276 as the main founding haplogroups and identify traces of unsuccessful (pre-Q-F1096) or extinct (C-L1373*, Q-YP4010*) Y-chromosome lineages, indicating that haplogroup diversity of the founder populations that first entered the Americas was greater than that observed in the Indigenous component of modern populations. In addition, through a diachronic and phylogeographic dissection of newly identified Q-M848 branches, we provide the first Y-chromosome insights into the early peopling of the South American hinterland (Q-BY104773 and Q-BY15730) and on overlying inland migrations (Q-BY139813).
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11
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Tello F, Verdú JR, Rossini M, Zunino M. Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): evidence of beetle extinction in the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Chilean Northern Patagonia. Zookeys 2021; 1043:133-145. [PMID: 34168516 PMCID: PMC8219658 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1043.61706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The South American Pleistocene-Holocene transition has been characterized by drastic climatic and diversity changes. These rapid changes induced one of the largest and most recent extinctions in the megafauna at the continental scale. However, examples of the extinction of small animals (e.g., insects) are scarce, and the underlying causes of the extinction have been little studied. In this work, a new extinct dung beetle species is described from a late Pleistocene sequence (~15.2 k cal yr BP) at the paleoarcheological site Pilauco, Chilean Northern Patagonia. Based on morphological characters, this fossil is considered to belong to the genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 and named Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. We carried out a comprehensive revision of related groups, and we analyzed the possible mechanism of diversification and extinction of this new species. We hypothesize that Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. diversified as a member of the osculatii species-complex following migration processes related to the Great American Biotic Interchange (~3 Ma). The extinction of O. pilauco sp. nov. may be related to massive defaunation and climatic changes recorded in the Plesitocene-Holocene transition (12.8 k cal yr BP). This finding is the first record of this genus in Chile, and provides new evidence to support the collateral-extinction hypothesis related to the defaunation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tello
- Transdisciplinary Center for Quaternary Research (TAQUACH), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - José R Verdú
- I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain Universidad de Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Michele Rossini
- Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki, 00014, Finland University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Mario Zunino
- Scuola di Biodiversità, Polo universitario Asti Studi Superiori, Asti, Italy Polo universitario Asti Studi Superiori Asti Italy
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12
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Willerslev E, Meltzer DJ. Peopling of the Americas as inferred from ancient genomics. Nature 2021; 594:356-364. [PMID: 34135521 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In less than a decade, analyses of ancient genomes have transformed our understanding of the Indigenous peopling and population history of the Americas. These studies have shown that this history, which began in the late Pleistocene epoch and continued episodically into the Holocene epoch, was far more complex than previously thought. It is now evident that the initial dispersal involved the movement from northeast Asia of distinct and previously unknown populations, including some for whom there are no currently known descendants. The first peoples, once south of the continental ice sheets, spread widely, expanded rapidly and branched into multiple populations. Their descendants-over the next fifteen millennia-experienced varying degrees of isolation, admixture, continuity and replacement, and their genomes help to illuminate the relationships among major subgroups of Native American populations. Notably, all ancient individuals in the Americas, save for later-arriving Arctic peoples, are more closely related to contemporary Indigenous American individuals than to any other population elsewhere, which challenges the claim-which is based on anatomical evidence-that there was an early, non-Native American population in the Americas. Here we review the patterns revealed by ancient genomics that help to shed light on the past peoples who created the archaeological landscape, and together lead to deeper insights into the population and cultural history of the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eske Willerslev
- GeoGenetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - David J Meltzer
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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Boëda E, Ramos M, Pérez A, Hatté C, Lahaye C, Pino M, Hérisson D, Clemente-Conte I, Fontugne M, Guérin G, Villagran X, Santos JC, Costa L, Germond L, Ahmed-Delacroix NE, Da Costa A, Borges C, Hoeltz S, Felice G, Gluchy M, van Havre G, Griggo C, Lucas L, de Souza I, Viana S, Strauss A, Kerner J, Guidon N. 24.0 kyr cal BP stone artefact from Vale da Pedra Furada, Piauí, Brazil: Techno-functional analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247965. [PMID: 33690652 PMCID: PMC7946292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current archaeological paradigm proposes that the first peopling of the Americas does not exceed the Last Glacial Maximum period. In this context, the acceptance of the anthropogenic character of the earliest stone artefacts generally rests on the presence of projectile points considered no more as typocentric but as typognomonic, since it allows, by itself, to certify the human character of the other associated artefacts. In other words, without this presence, nothing is certain. Archaeological research at Piauí (Brazil) attests to a Pleistocene human presence between 41 and 14 cal kyr BP, without any record of lithic projectile points. Here, we report the discovery and interpretation of an unusual stone artefact in the Vale da Pedra Furada site, in a context dating back to 24 cal kyr BP. The knapping stigmata and macroscopic use-wear traces reveal a conception centred on the configuration of double bevels and the production in the same specimen of at least two successive artefacts with probably different functions. This piece unambiguously presents an anthropic character and reveals a technical novelty during the Pleistocene occupation of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Boëda
- ArScAn-Équipe AnTET, UMR 7041, CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Nanterre, France
- Department of Anthropology, UFR SSA, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Nanterre, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcos Ramos
- PPGArq-Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pérez
- ArScAn-Équipe AnTET, UMR 7041, CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Nanterre, France
- Institut français d’études andines (IFEA), Lima, Peru
| | - Christine Hatté
- LSCE/LAMPEA, UMR 8212, CNRS, CEA UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christelle Lahaye
- IRAMAT-CRP2A, UMR 5060, CNRS, Bordeaux Montaigne University, Pessac, France
| | - Mario Pino
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra and TAQUACH, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - David Hérisson
- ArScAn-Équipe AnTET, UMR 7041, CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Nanterre, France
| | | | - Michel Fontugne
- LSCE/LAMPEA, UMR 8212, CNRS, CEA UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Guérin
- IRAMAT-CRP2A, UMR 5060, CNRS, Bordeaux Montaigne University, Pessac, France
| | - Ximena Villagran
- MAE–Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina C. Santos
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Lucas Costa
- Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
| | - Lucie Germond
- ArScAn-Équipe AnTET, UMR 7041, CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Nanterre, France
| | | | - Amelie Da Costa
- ArScAn-Équipe AnTET, UMR 7041, CNRS, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Nanterre, France
| | - Carolina Borges
- Instituto do Patrimonio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Felice
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
- Fundação Museu do Homem Americano (FUMDHAM), São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí, Brazil
| | - María Gluchy
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Christophe Griggo
- EDYTEM UMR 5204 CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - Livia Lucas
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Sibeli Viana
- Pontificia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO), Instituto Goiano de Pré-História e Antropologia (IGPA), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - André Strauss
- MAE–Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Kerner
- Department of Anthropology, UFR SSA, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Nanterre, France
| | - Niède Guidon
- Fundação Museu do Homem Americano (FUMDHAM), São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí, Brazil
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14
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Abstract
The Neolithic Revolution narrative associates early-mid Holocene domestications with the development of agriculture that fueled the rise of late Holocene civilizations. This narrative continues to be influential, even though it has been deconstructed by archaeologists and geneticists in its homeland. To further disentangle domestication from reliance on food production systems, such as agriculture, we revisit definitions of domestication and food production systems, review the late Pleistocene–early Holocene archaeobotanical record, and quantify the use, management and domestication of Neotropical plants to provide insights about the past. Neotropical plant domestication relies on common human behaviors (selection, accumulation and caring) within agroecological systems that focus on individual plants, rather than populations—as is typical of agriculture. The early archaeobotanical record includes numerous perennial and annual species, many of which later became domesticated. Some of this evidence identifies dispersal with probable cultivation, suggesting incipient domestication by 10,000 years ago. Since the Pleistocene, more than 6500, 1206 and 6261 native plant species have been used in Mesoamerica, the Central Andes and lowland South America, respectively. At least 1555, 428 and 742 are managed outside and inside food production systems, and at least 1148, 428 and 600 are cultivated, respectively, suggesting at least incipient domestication. Full native domesticates are more numerous in Mesoamerica (251) than the Andes (124) and the lowlands (45). This synthesis reveals that domestication is more common in the Neotropics than previously recognized and started much earlier than reliance on food production systems. Hundreds of ethnic groups had, and some still have, alternative strategies that do involve domestication, although they do not rely principally on food production systems, such as agriculture.
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15
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The genetic structure and adaptation of Andean highlanders and Amazonians are influenced by the interplay between geography and culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32557-32565. [PMID: 33277433 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013773117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Western South America was one of the worldwide cradles of civilization. The well-known Inca Empire was the tip of the iceberg of an evolutionary process that started 11,000 to 14,000 years ago. Genetic data from 18 Peruvian populations reveal the following: 1) The between-population homogenization of the central southern Andes and its differentiation with respect to Amazonian populations of similar latitudes do not extend northward. Instead, longitudinal gene flow between the northern coast of Peru, Andes, and Amazonia accompanied cultural and socioeconomic interactions revealed by archeology. This pattern recapitulates the environmental and cultural differentiation between the fertile north, where altitudes are lower, and the arid south, where the Andes are higher, acting as a genetic barrier between the sharply different environments of the Andes and Amazonia. 2) The genetic homogenization between the populations of the arid Andes is not only due to migrations during the Inca Empire or the subsequent colonial period. It started at least during the earlier expansion of the Wari Empire (600 to 1,000 years before present). 3) This demographic history allowed for cases of positive natural selection in the high and arid Andes vs. the low Amazon tropical forest: in the Andes, a putative enhancer in HAND2-AS1 (heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 antisense RNA1, a noncoding gene related to cardiovascular function) and rs269868-C/Ser1067 in DUOX2 (dual oxidase 2, related to thyroid function and innate immunity) genes and, in the Amazon, the gene encoding for the CD45 protein, essential for antigen recognition by T and B lymphocytes in viral-host interaction.
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16
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Timpson A, Barberena R, Thomas MG, Méndez C, Manning K. Directly modelling population dynamics in the South American Arid Diagonal using 14C dates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 376:20190723. [PMID: 33250032 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Large anthropogenic 14C datasets are widely used to generate summed probability distributions (SPDs) as a proxy for past human population levels. However, SPDs are a poor proxy when datasets are small, bearing little relationship to true population dynamics. Instead, more robust inferences can be achieved by directly modelling the population and assessing the model likelihood given the data. We introduce the R package ADMUR which uses a continuous piecewise linear (CPL) model of population change, calculates the model likelihood given a 14C dataset, estimates credible intervals using Markov chain Monte Carlo, applies a goodness-of-fit test, and uses the Schwarz Criterion to compare CPL models. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method using toy data, showing that spurious dynamics are avoided when sample sizes are small, and true population dynamics are recovered as sample sizes increase. Finally, we use an improved 14C dataset for the South American Arid Diagonal to compare CPL modelling to current simulation methods, and identify three Holocene phases when population trajectory estimates changed from rapid initial growth of 4.15% per generation to a decline of 0.05% per generation between 10 821 and 7055 yr BP, then gently grew at 0.58% per generation until 2500 yr BP. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Timpson
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ramiro Barberena
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mark G Thomas
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - César Méndez
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Moraleda 16, Coyhaique, Aisén, Chile
| | - Katie Manning
- Department of Geography, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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17
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Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AM, Vidal AF, Vinasco-Sandoval T, Guerreiro J, Santos S, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â, de Souza SJ. Exome Sequencing of Native Populations From the Amazon Reveals Patterns on the Peopling of South America. Front Genet 2020; 11:548507. [PMID: 33193622 PMCID: PMC7660019 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.548507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the peopling of South America have been limited by the paucity of sequence data from Native Americans, especially from the east part of the Amazon region. Here, we investigate the whole exome variation from 58 Native American individuals (eight different populations) from the Amazon region and draw insights into the peopling of South America. By using the sequence data generated here together with data from the public domain, we confirmed a strong genetic distinction between Andean and Amazonian populations. By testing distinct demographic models, our analysis supports a scenario of South America occupation that involves migrations along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Occupation of the southeast part of South America would involve migrations from the north, rather than from the west of the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Ferreira Vidal
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Vinasco-Sandoval
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - João Guerreiro
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFPA, Belém, Brazil.,Oncology and Medical Science Graduate Program, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologica, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFPA, Belém, Brazil.,Oncology and Medical Science Graduate Program, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologica, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sandro J de Souza
- Instituto do Cérebro, UFRN, Natal, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), Instituto Metrópole Digital, UFRN, Natal, Brazil.,Institute of Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Hardy K. Paleomedicine and the Evolutionary Context of Medicinal Plant Use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 31:1-15. [PMID: 33071384 PMCID: PMC7546135 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern human need for medicines is so extensive that it is thought to be a deep evolutionary behavior. There is abundant evidence from our Paleolithic and later prehistoric past, of survival after periodontal disease, traumas, and invasive medical treatments including trepanations and amputations, suggesting a detailed, applied knowledge of medicinal plant secondary compounds. Direct archeological evidence for use of plants in the Paleolithic is rare, but evidence is growing. An evolutionary context for early human use of medicinal plants is provided by the broad evidence for animal self-medication, in particular, of non-human primates. During the later Paleolithic, there is evidence for the use of poisonous and psychotropic plants, suggesting that Paleolithic humans built on and expanded their knowledge and use of plant secondary compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hardy
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain.,Departament de Prehistòria, Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
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19
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20
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Prufer KM, Alsgaard AV, Robinson M, Meredith CR, Culleton BJ, Dennehy T, Magee S, Huckell BB, Stemp WJ, Awe JJ, Capriles JM, Kennett DJ. Linking late Paleoindian stone tool technologies and populations in North, Central and South America. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219812. [PMID: 31318917 PMCID: PMC6638942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
From the perspective of Central and South America, the peopling of the New World was a complex process lasting thousands of years and involving multiple waves of Pleistocene and early Holocene period immigrants entering into the neotropics. These Paleoindian colonists initially brought with them technologies developed for adaptation to environments and resources found in North America. As the ice age ended across the New World people adapted more generalized stone tools to exploit changing environments and resources. In the neotropics these changes would have been pronounced as patchy forests and grasslands gave way to broadleaf tropical forests. We document a late Pleistocene/early Holocene stone tool tradition from Belize, located in southern Mesoamerica. This represents the first endogenous Paleoindian stone tool technocomplex recovered from well dated stratigraphic contexts for Mesoamerica. Previously designated Lowe, these artifacts share multiple features with contemporary North and South American Paleoindian tool types. Once hafted, these bifaces appear to have served multiple functions for cutting, hooking, thrusting, or throwing. The tools were developed at a time of technological regionalization reflecting the diverse demands of a period of pronounced environmental change and population movement. Combined stratigraphic, technological, and population paleogenetic data suggests that there were strong ties between lowland neotropic regions at the onset of the Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. Prufer
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico United States of America
- Center for Stable Isotopes, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Asia V. Alsgaard
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico United States of America
| | - Mark Robinson
- Department of Archaeology, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Clayton R. Meredith
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico United States of America
| | - Brendan J. Culleton
- Institute of Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy Dennehy
- School of Human Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Shelby Magee
- SWCA Environmental Consultants, Carlsbad, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Bruce B. Huckell
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico United States of America
| | - W. James Stemp
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jaime J. Awe
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jose M. Capriles
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Douglas J. Kennett
- Department of Anthropology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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21
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Fuentes S, Jones RAC, Matsuoka H, Ohshima K, Kreuze J, Gibbs AJ. Potato virus Y; the Andean connection. Virus Evol 2019; 5:vez037. [PMID: 31559020 PMCID: PMC6755682 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) causes disease in potatoes and other solanaceous crops. The appearance of its necrogenic strains in the 1980s made it the most economically important virus of potatoes. We report the isolation and genomic sequences of 32 Peruvian isolates of PVY which, together with 428 published PVY genomic sequences, gave an alignment of 460 sequences. Of these 190 (41%) were non-recombinant, and 162 of these provided a dated phylogeny, that corresponds well with the likely history of PVY, and show that PVY originated in South America which is where potatoes were first domesticated. The most basal divergences of the PVY population produced the N and C: O phylogroups; the origin of the N phylogroup is clearly Andean, but that of the O and C phylogroups is unknown, although they may have been first to establish in European crops. The current PVY population originated around 156 CE. PVY was probably first taken from South America to Europe in the 16th century in tubers. Most of the present PVY diversity emerged in the second half of the 19th century, after the Phytophthora infestans epidemics of the mid-19th century destroyed the European crop and stimulated potato breeding. Imported breeding lines were shared, and there was no quarantine. The early O population was joined later by N phylogroup isolates and their recombinants generated the R1 and R2 populations of damaging necrogenic strains. Our dating study has confirmed that human activity has dominated the phylodynamics of PVY for the last two millennia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segundo Fuentes
- Crop and System Sciences Division, International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Roger A C Jones
- Crop and System Sciences Division, International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA
| | - Hiroki Matsuoka
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kazusato Ohshima
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jan Kreuze
- Crop and System Sciences Division, International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Adrian J Gibbs
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga, Japan
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22
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Riris P, Arroyo-Kalin M. Widespread population decline in South America correlates with mid-Holocene climate change. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6850. [PMID: 31073131 PMCID: PMC6509208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the impacts of climate change on prehistoric demography is crucial for understanding the adaptive pathways taken by human populations. Archaeologists across South America have pointed to patterns of regional abandonment during the Middle Holocene (8200 to 4200 cal BP) as evidence of sensitivity to shifts in hydroclimate over this period. We develop a unified approach to investigate demography and climate in South America and aim to clarify the extent to which evidence of local anthropic responses can be generalised to large-scale trends. We achieve this by integrating archaeological radiocarbon data and palaeoclimatic time series to show that population decline occurred coeval with the transition to the initial mid-Holocene across South America. Through the analysis of radiocarbon dates with Monte Carlo methods, we find multiple, sustained phases of downturn associated to periods of high climatic variability. A likely driver of the duration and severity of demographic turnover is the frequency of exceptional climatic events, rather than the absolute magnitude of change. Unpredictable levels of tropical precipitation had sustained negative impacts on pre-Columbian populations lasting until at least 6000 cal BP, after which recovery is evident. Our results support the inference that a demographic regime shift in the second half of the Middle Holocene were coeval with cultural practices surrounding Neotropical plant management and early cultivation, possibly acting as buffers when the wild resource base was in flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Riris
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WCH1 0PY, United Kingdom.
| | - Manuel Arroyo-Kalin
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WCH1 0PY, United Kingdom
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23
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Moreno K, Bostelmann JE, Macías C, Navarro-Harris X, De Pol-Holz R, Pino M. A late Pleistocene human footprint from the Pilauco archaeological site, northern Patagonia, Chile. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213572. [PMID: 31017908 PMCID: PMC6481816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the discovery of a singular sedimentary structure corresponding to an ichnite that was excavated at the paleo-archaeological site Pilauco (Osorno, Chile). The trace fossil is associated with megafauna bones, plant material and unifacial lithic tools. Here we present a detailed analysis of the Pilauco ichnite and associated sedimentary structures, as well as new radiocarbon data. The ichnological analysis confidently assigns the trace to the ichnospecies Hominipes modernus—a hominoid footprint usually related to Homo sapiens. Some particular characteristics of the Pilauco trace include an elongated distal hallux, lateral digit impressions obliterated by the collapsed sediment, and sediment lumps inside and around the trace. In order to evaluate the origin of the ichnite, trackmaking experiments are performed on re-hydrated fossil bed sediments. The results demonstrate that a human agent could easily generate a footprint morphology equivalent to the sedimentary structure when walking on a saturated substrate. Based on the evidence, we conclude that the trackmaker might well have been a bare-footed adult human. This finding, along with the presence of lithic artifacts in the same sedimentary levels, might represent further evidence for a pre-Clovis South American colonization of northern Patagonia, as originally proposed for the nearby Monte Verde site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Enrique Bostelmann
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cintia Macías
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ximena Navarro-Harris
- Transdisciplinary Center for Quaternary research in the South of Chile, TAQUACh, Valdivia, Chile
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo De Pol-Holz
- Centro de Investigación Gaia Antártica (CIGA) and Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Mario Pino
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Transdisciplinary Center for Quaternary research in the South of Chile, TAQUACh, Valdivia, Chile
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24
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Pinotti T, Bergström A, Geppert M, Bawn M, Ohasi D, Shi W, Lacerda DR, Solli A, Norstedt J, Reed K, Dawtry K, González-Andrade F, Paz-Y-Miño C, Revollo S, Cuellar C, Jota MS, Santos JE, Ayub Q, Kivisild T, Sandoval JR, Fujita R, Xue Y, Roewer L, Santos FR, Tyler-Smith C. Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders. Curr Biol 2018; 29:149-157.e3. [PMID: 30581024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Americas were the last inhabitable continents to be occupied by humans, with a growing multidisciplinary consensus for entry 15-25 thousand years ago (kya) from northeast Asia via the former Beringia land bridge [1-4]. Autosomal DNA analyses have dated the separation of Native American ancestors from the Asian gene pool to 23 kya or later [5, 6] and mtDNA analyses to ∼25 kya [7], followed by isolation ("Beringian Standstill" [8, 9]) for 2.4-9 ky and then a rapid expansion throughout the Americas. Here, we present a calibrated sequence-based analysis of 222 Native American and relevant Eurasian Y chromosomes (24 new) from haplogroups Q and C [10], with four major conclusions. First, we identify three to four independent lineages as autochthonous and likely founders: the major Q-M3 and rarer Q-CTS1780 present throughout the Americas, the very rare C3-MPB373 in South America, and possibly the C3-P39/Z30536 in North America. Second, from the divergence times and Eurasian/American distribution of lineages, we estimate a Beringian Standstill duration of 2.7 ky or 4.6 ky, according to alternative models, and entry south of the ice sheet after 19.5 kya. Third, we describe the star-like expansion of Q-M848 (within Q-M3) starting at 15 kya [11] in the Americas, followed by establishment of substantial spatial structure in South America by 12 kya. Fourth, the deep branches of the Q-CTS1780 lineage present at low frequencies throughout the Americas today [12] may reflect a separate out-of-Beringia dispersal after the melting of the glaciers at the end of the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomaz Pinotti
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Anders Bergström
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Maria Geppert
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matt Bawn
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular (CGBM), Instituto de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, 15009 Lima, Peru; The Earlham Institute, NR4 7UG Norwich, UK
| | - Dominique Ohasi
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wentao Shi
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China
| | - Daniela R Lacerda
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Arne Solli
- Q Nordic Independent Researchers; Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion (AHKR), University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Fabricio González-Andrade
- Translational Medicine Unit, Central University of Ecuador, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iquique N14-121 y Sodiro-Itchimbía, Sector El Dorado, 170403 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cesar Paz-Y-Miño
- Universidad de las Americas, Av. de los Granados E12-41, 170513 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Susana Revollo
- Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Av. Villazón 1995, 2008 La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Cinthia Cuellar
- Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Av. Villazón 1995, 2008 La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Marilza S Jota
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José E Santos
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Qasim Ayub
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK; Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QH Cambridge, UK; Estonian Biocentre, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - José R Sandoval
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular (CGBM), Instituto de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, 15009 Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo Fujita
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular (CGBM), Instituto de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, 15009 Lima, Peru
| | - Yali Xue
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Lutz Roewer
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabrício R Santos
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
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25
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Méndez C, Nuevo Delaunay A, Seguel R, Maldonado A, Murillo I, Jackson D, Aspillaga E, Izaurieta R, Méndez V, Fernández M. Late Pleistocene to early Holocene high-quality quartz crystal procurement from the Valiente quarry workshop site (32°S, Chile, South America). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208062. [PMID: 30496241 PMCID: PMC6264839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The procurement of high-quality lithic resources is amongst the most indicative processes of decision-making in the archaeology of early human groups peopling the Americas. Directly dated deposits from quarry workshops have been absent of the late Pleistocene record of South America. We present the results of the excavations of a high-quality translucent quartz crystal workshop that yielded radiocarbon-dated coherently layered stratigraphic deposits that shed light into the behavior of the initial stages of lithic procurement. Based on a detailed analysis of the context of the Valiente site (32° S, Chile, South America), we discuss the stages of bifacial production of point technology. The deposit produced evidence of cumulative occupations over the period between 12,630 and 11,320 calibrated years before present. This ~1,300-year span is coincidental with a major environmental step-wise drying trend as indicated by the local and regional pollen records. Furthermore, it is synchronous to the process in which natural landscapes became the earliest taskscapes in the region, thereby encompassing major cultural changes related to the organization of the land use. These results are discussed in the frame of contemporaneous archaeological data to discuss specific aspects of technology and decision-making of the earliest settlers of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Méndez
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Aisén, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Amalia Nuevo Delaunay
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Aisén, Chile
| | - Roxana Seguel
- Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración, Servicio Nacional del Patrimonio Cultural, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Antonio Maldonado
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Ismael Murillo
- Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Providencia, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Douglas Jackson
- Sociedad Malacológica de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Eugenio Aspillaga
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Roberto Izaurieta
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Víctor Méndez
- Independent researcher, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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26
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Moreno-Mayar JV, Vinner L, de Barros Damgaard P, de la Fuente C, Chan J, Spence JP, Allentoft ME, Vimala T, Racimo F, Pinotti T, Rasmussen S, Margaryan A, Iraeta Orbegozo M, Mylopotamitaki D, Wooller M, Bataille C, Becerra-Valdivia L, Chivall D, Comeskey D, Devièse T, Grayson DK, George L, Harry H, Alexandersen V, Primeau C, Erlandson J, Rodrigues-Carvalho C, Reis S, Bastos MQR, Cybulski J, Vullo C, Morello F, Vilar M, Wells S, Gregersen K, Hansen KL, Lynnerup N, Mirazón Lahr M, Kjær K, Strauss A, Alfonso-Durruty M, Salas A, Schroeder H, Higham T, Malhi RS, Rasic JT, Souza L, Santos FR, Malaspinas AS, Sikora M, Nielsen R, Song YS, Meltzer DJ, Willerslev E. Early human dispersals within the Americas. Science 2018; 362:science.aav2621. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the peopling of the Americas have focused on the timing and number of initial migrations. Less attention has been paid to the subsequent spread of people within the Americas. We sequenced 15 ancient human genomes spanning from Alaska to Patagonia; six are ≥10,000 years old (up to ~18× coverage). All are most closely related to Native Americans, including those from an Ancient Beringian individual and two morphologically distinct “Paleoamericans.” We found evidence of rapid dispersal and early diversification that included previously unknown groups as people moved south. This resulted in multiple independent, geographically uneven migrations, including one that provides clues of a Late Pleistocene Australasian genetic signal, as well as a later Mesoamerican-related expansion. These led to complex and dynamic population histories from North to South America.
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27
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Arias L, Schröder R, Hübner A, Barreto G, Stoneking M, Pakendorf B. Cultural Innovations Influence Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Northwestern Amazonia. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:2719-2735. [PMID: 30169717 PMCID: PMC6231495 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human populations often exhibit contrasting patterns of genetic diversity in the mtDNA and the nonrecombining portion of the Y-chromosome (NRY), which reflect sex-specific cultural behaviors and population histories. Here, we sequenced 2.3 Mb of the NRY from 284 individuals representing more than 30 Native American groups from Northwestern Amazonia (NWA) and compared these data to previously generated mtDNA genomes from the same groups, to investigate the impact of cultural practices on genetic diversity and gain new insights about NWA population history. Relevant cultural practices in NWA include postmarital residential rules and linguistic exogamy, a marital practice in which men are required to marry women speaking a different language. We identified 2,969 SNPs in the NRY sequences, only 925 of which were previously described. The NRY and mtDNA data showed different sex-specific demographic histories: female effective population size has been larger than that of males through time, which might reflect larger variance in male reproductive success. Both markers show an increase in lineage diversification beginning ∼5,000 years ago, which may reflect the intensification of agriculture, technological innovations, and the expansion of regional trade networks documented in the archaeological evidence. Furthermore, we find similar excesses of NRY versus mtDNA between-population divergence at both the local and continental scale, suggesting long-term stability of female versus male migration. We also find evidence of the impact of sociocultural practices on diversity patterns. Finally, our study highlights the importance of analyzing high-resolution mtDNA and NRY sequences to reconstruct demographic history, since this can differ considerably between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Arias
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Roland Schröder
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Hübner
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mark Stoneking
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Siqueira JD, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M, Lander O, Caballero-Arias H, Xutao D, Noya-Alarcon O, Delwart E. Complex virome in feces from Amerindian children in isolated Amazonian villages. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4270. [PMID: 30323210 PMCID: PMC6189175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of viruses circulating in small isolated human populations may be reduced by viral extinctions and rare introductions. Here we used viral metagenomics to characterize the eukaryotic virome in feces from healthy children from a large urban center and from three Amerindian villages with minimal outside contact. Numerous human enteric viruses, mainly from the Picornaviridae and Caliciviridae families, were sequenced from each of the sites. Multiple children from the same villages shed closely related viruses reflecting frequent transmission clusters. Feces of isolated villagers also contained multiple viral genomes of unknown cellular origin from the Picornavirales order and CRESS-DNA group and higher levels of nematode and protozoan DNA. Despite cultural and geographic isolation, the diversity of enteric human viruses was therefore not reduced in these Amazonian villages. Frequent viral introductions and/or increased susceptibility to enteric infections may account for the complex fecal virome of Amerindian children in isolated villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D Siqueira
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.,Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, 20.231-050, Brazil
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8554, USA
| | - Monica Contreras
- Center for Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, 01204, Venezuela
| | - Orlana Lander
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1051, Venezuela
| | - Hortensia Caballero-Arias
- Department of Anthropology, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, 01204, Venezuela
| | - Deng Xutao
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Oscar Noya-Alarcon
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1051, Venezuela.,Amazonic Center for Research and Control of Tropical Diseases (CAICET), Puerto Ayacucho, 7101, Venezuela
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
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29
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Scheib CL, Li H, Desai T, Link V, Kendall C, Dewar G, Griffith PW, Mörseburg A, Johnson JR, Potter A, Kerr SL, Endicott P, Lindo J, Haber M, Xue Y, Tyler-Smith C, Sandhu MS, Lorenz JG, Randall TD, Faltyskova Z, Pagani L, Danecek P, O'Connell TC, Martz P, Boraas AS, Byrd BF, Leventhal A, Cambra R, Williamson R, Lesage L, Holguin B, Ygnacio-De Soto E, Rosas J, Metspalu M, Stock JT, Manica A, Scally A, Wegmann D, Malhi RS, Kivisild T. Ancient human parallel lineages within North America contributed to a coastal expansion. Science 2018; 360:1024-1027. [PMID: 29853687 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar6851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the first people to enter the Americas and their genetic legacy. Genomic analysis of the oldest human remains from the Americas showed a direct relationship between a Clovis-related ancestral population and all modern Central and South Americans as well as a deep split separating them from North Americans in Canada. We present 91 ancient human genomes from California and Southwestern Ontario and demonstrate the existence of two distinct ancestries in North America, which possibly split south of the ice sheets. A contribution from both of these ancestral populations is found in all modern Central and South Americans. The proportions of these two ancestries in ancient and modern populations are consistent with a coastal dispersal and multiple admixture events.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Scheib
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK. .,Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Anthropology and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tariq Desai
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Vivian Link
- Department of Biology, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Kendall
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2, Canada
| | - Genevieve Dewar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2, Canada
| | | | | | - John R Johnson
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Amiee Potter
- Department of Anthropology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97232, USA.,Knight Diagnostics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Susan L Kerr
- Department of Anthropology, Modesto Junior College, Modesto, CA 95350, USA
| | - Phillip Endicott
- Department Hommes Natures Societies, Musée de l'Homme, Paris 75016, France
| | - John Lindo
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marc Haber
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yali Xue
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Joseph G Lorenz
- Department of Anthropology and Museum Studies, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA
| | - Tori D Randall
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego City College, San Diego, CA 92101, USA
| | - Zuzana Faltyskova
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Luca Pagani
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.,APE Lab, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Petr Danecek
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Tamsin C O'Connell
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Patricia Martz
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | | | - Brian F Byrd
- Far Western Anthropological Research Group Inc., Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Alan Leventhal
- Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area, P.O. Box 360791, Milpitas, CA 95036, USA.,Department of Anthropology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Rosemary Cambra
- Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area, P.O. Box 360791, Milpitas, CA 95036, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Holguin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ernestine Ygnacio-De Soto
- Barbareño Chumash, California Indian Advisory Committee, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | | | - Mait Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK.,Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Andrea Manica
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Aylwyn Scally
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Daniel Wegmann
- Department of Biology, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ripan S Malhi
- Department of Anthropology and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK. .,Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
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30
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Paternal origin of Paleo-Indians in Siberia: insights from Y-chromosome sequences. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1687-1696. [PMID: 29991739 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of modern humans to the American continent after the Last Glacial Maximum led the way to the present-day distribution of American aborigines. Recent advances in autosomal DNA research and expanded testing of mtDNA lineages has provided a clearer picture of the number and timing of founding lineages. However, both autosomal DNA and mtDNA research have provided unresolved competing theories between the short-term and the long-term models of the Beringian standstill hypothesis. Further, the source of founding paternal lineages of American aborigines and their relationship with ancient Siberia populations remains ambiguous. In this study, we reanalyzed a 7.0 Mbp region of 132 paternal Y-chromosome sequences, including 39 newly reported ones, of male samples from American aborigines and Eurasian populations. Among Eurasian samples, we identified Y-chromosome branches that are most closely related to known American aborigine founding lineages, that is, Q1-L804 links to Q1-M3, Q1-L330 links to Q1-Z780, Q1-M120 links to Q1-B143, and C2-F1756 links to C2-P39. The revised phylogenetic tree and age estimates indicate a narrow timeframe (~15.3-14.3 kya) for the upper time limit of human entry to the American continent. Our analysis suggests that the in situ differentiation of Q-M242 in Central Eurasia and South Siberia region gave rise to numerous sub-lineages older than 15.3 kya, and the founding of Paleo-Indian paternal lineages is part of the great Q1-L53 diffusion throughout the Eurasia after the Last Glacial Maximum. The results of our study will assist in future studies of the history of modern populations in Eurasia and the Americas.
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31
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Hofman CA, Rick TC, Erlandson JM, Reeder-Myers L, Welch AJ, Buckley M. Collagen Fingerprinting and the Earliest Marine Mammal Hunting in North America. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10014. [PMID: 29968785 PMCID: PMC6030183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The submersion of Late Pleistocene shorelines and poor organic preservation at many early archaeological sites obscure the earliest effects of humans on coastal resources in the Americas. We used collagen fingerprinting to identify bone fragments from middens at four California Channel Island sites that are among the oldest coastal sites in the Americas (~12,500-8,500 cal BP). We document Paleocoastal human predation of at least three marine mammal families/species, including northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), eared seals (Otariidae), and sea otters (Enhydra lutris). Otariids and elephant seals are abundant today along the Pacific Coast of North America, but elephant seals are rare in late Holocene (<1500 cal BP) archaeological sites. Our data support the hypotheses that: (1) marine mammals helped fuel the peopling of the Americas; (2) humans affected marine mammal biogeography millennia before the devastation caused by the historic fur and oil trade; and (3) the current abundance and distribution of recovering pinniped populations on the California Channel Islands may mirror a pre-human baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Hofman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, 455 W. Lindsey St., Norman, OK, 73019, USA. .,Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 5513, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA.
| | - Torben C Rick
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 112, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Jon M Erlandson
- Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | | | - Andreanna J Welch
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 5513, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA.,Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Michael Buckley
- School and Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Da-Gloria P, Hubbe M, Neves WA. Lagoa Santa's contribution to the origins and life of early Americans. Evol Anthropol 2018; 27:121-133. [PMID: 29845689 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The region of Lagoa Santa, Central-Eastern Brazil, provides an exceptional archeological record about Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene occupation of the Americas. Since the first interventions made by the Danish naturalist Peter Lund in the 19th century, hundreds of human skeletons have been exhumed in the region. These skeletons are complemented by a rich botanic, faunal, technological, and geomorphological archeological record. We explore here the contributions of Lagoa Santa material to the origins and lifestyle of early Americans, providing an historic background. Cranial morphology of Lagoa Santa skeletons allowed the proposition of a model of two biological components for the occupation of the Americas, in which early Americans are morphologically similar to people of African and Australo-Melanesian origin. Furthermore, the archeological record in the region has revealed an intense use of plant resources, a restricted spatial distribution, and the symbolic elaboration of local hunter-gatherers, unveiling a distinct lifestyle compared to early North American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Da-Gloria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal do Pará
| | - Mark Hubbe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P Gustavo Le Paige, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile and Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Walter A Neves
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos e Ecológicos Humanos, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo
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33
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Gómez-Carballa A, Pardo-Seco J, Brandini S, Achilli A, Perego UA, Coble MD, Diegoli TM, Álvarez-Iglesias V, Martinón-Torres F, Olivieri A, Torroni A, Salas A. The peopling of South America and the trans-Andean gene flow of the first settlers. Genome Res 2018; 28:767-779. [PMID: 29735605 PMCID: PMC5991523 DOI: 10.1101/gr.234674.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and archaeological data indicate that the initial Paleoindian settlers of South America followed two entry routes separated by the Andes and the Amazon rainforest. The interactions between these paths and their impact on the peopling of South America remain unclear. Analysis of genetic variation in the Peruvian Andes and regions located south of the Amazon River might provide clues on this issue. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA variation at different Andean locations and >360,000 autosomal SNPs from 28 Native American ethnic groups to evaluate different trans-Andean demographic scenarios. Our data reveal that the Peruvian Altiplano was an important enclave for early Paleoindian expansions and point to a genetic continuity in the Andes until recent times, which was only marginally affected by gene flow from the Amazonian lowlands. Genomic variation shows a good fit with the archaeological evidence, indicating that the genetic interactions between the descendants of the settlers that followed the Pacific and Atlantic routes were extremely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain.,GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Galicia, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Galicia, Spain
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain.,GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Galicia, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Galicia, Spain
| | - Stefania Brandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27110 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27110 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ugo A Perego
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27110 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael D Coble
- Applied Genetics Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Toni M Diegoli
- Office of the Chief Scientist, Defense Forensic Science Center, Ft. Gillem, Georgia 30297, USA.,Analytical Services, Incorporated, Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA
| | - Vanesa Álvarez-Iglesias
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain.,GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Galicia, Spain
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27110 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27110 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain.,GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Galicia, Spain
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34
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Terminal Pleistocene epoch human footprints from the Pacific coast of Canada. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193522. [PMID: 29590165 PMCID: PMC5873988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the ice age human occupation of the Pacific Coast of Canada. Here we present the results of a targeted investigation of a late Pleistocene shoreline on Calvert Island, British Columbia. Drawing upon existing geomorphic information that sea level in the area was 2-3 m lower than present between 14,000 and 11,000 years ago, we began a systematic search for archaeological remains dating to this time period beneath intertidal beach sediments. During subsurface testing, we uncovered human footprints impressed into a 13,000-year-old paleosol beneath beach sands at archaeological site EjTa-4. To date, our investigations at this site have revealed a total of 29 footprints of at least three different sizes. The results presented here add to the growing body of information pertaining to the early deglaciation and associated human presence on the west coast of Canada at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J Braje
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Tom D Dillehay
- Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jon M Erlandson
- Department of Anthropology and Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Richard G Klein
- Departments of Anthropology and Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Torben C Rick
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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36
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Brandini S, Bergamaschi P, Cerna MF, Gandini F, Bastaroli F, Bertolini E, Cereda C, Ferretti L, Gómez-Carballa A, Battaglia V, Salas A, Semino O, Achilli A, Olivieri A, Torroni A. The Paleo-Indian Entry into South America According to Mitogenomes. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:299-311. [PMID: 29099937 PMCID: PMC5850732 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent and compelling archaeological evidence attests to human presence ∼14.5 ka at multiple sites in South America and a very early exploitation of extreme high-altitude Andean environments. Considering that, according to genetic evidence, human entry into North America from Beringia most likely occurred ∼16 ka, these archeological findings would imply an extremely rapid spread along the double continent. To shed light on this issue from a genetic perspective, we first completely sequenced 217 novel modern mitogenomes of Native American ancestry from the northwestern area of South America (Ecuador and Peru); we then evaluated them phylogenetically together with other available mitogenomes (430 samples, both modern and ancient) from the same geographic area and, finally, with all closely related mitogenomes from the entire double continent. We detected a large number (N = 48) of novel subhaplogroups, often branching into further subclades, belonging to two classes: those that arose in South America early after its peopling and those that instead originated in North or Central America and reached South America with the first settlers. Coalescence age estimates for these subhaplogroups provide time boundaries indicating that early Paleo-Indians probably moved from North America to the area corresponding to modern Ecuador and Peru over the short time frame of ∼1.5 ka comprised between 16.0 and 14.6 ka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Brandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Bergamaschi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Fernando Cerna
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Salesian Polytechnic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francesca Gandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilie Bertolini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Unidade de Xenética, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Unidade de Xenética, Galicia, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Salas
- Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Unidade de Xenética, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Unidade de Xenética, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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37
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Iglesias V, Haberle SG, Holz A, Whitlock C. Holocene Dynamics of Temperate Rainforests in West-Central Patagonia. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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O'Brien MJ, Buchanan B. Cultural learning and the Clovis colonization of North America. Evol Anthropol 2018; 26:270-284. [PMID: 29265661 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The timing of the earliest colonization of North America is debatable, but what is not at issue is the point of origin of the early colonists: Humans entered the continent from Beringia and then made their way south along or near the Pacific Coast and/or through a corridor that ran between the Cordilleran and Laurentide ice sheets in western North America. At some point, they abandoned their Arctic-based tool complex for one more adapted to an entirely different environment. That new techno-complex is termed "Clovis"; its dispersal allows us to examine, at a fine scale, how colonization processes played out across a vast continent that at the time had, at best, a very small resident population. Clovis has figured prominently in American archeology since the first Clovis points were identified in eastern New Mexico in the 1930s. However, the successful marriage of learning models grounded in evolutionary theory and modern analytical methods that began roughly a decade ago has begun to pay significant dividends in terms of what we know about the rapid spread of human groups across the last sizable landmass to witness human occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Brien
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio.,Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri
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39
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Abstract
Homo sapiens phylogeography begins with the species' origin nearly 200 kya in Africa. First signs of the species outside Africa (in Arabia) are from 125 kya. Earliest dates elsewhere are now 100 kya in China, 45 kya in Australia and southern Europe (maybe even 60 kya in Australia), 32 kya in northeast Siberia, and maybe 20 kya in the Americas. Humans reached arctic regions and oceanic islands last-arctic North America about 5 kya, mid- and eastern Pacific islands about 2-1 kya, and New Zealand about 700 y ago. Initial routes along coasts seem the most likely given abundant and easily harvested shellfish there as indicated by huge ancient oyster shell middens on all continents. Nevertheless, the effect of geographic barriers-mountains and oceans-is clear. The phylogeographic pattern of diasporas from several single origins-northeast Africa to Eurasia, southeast Eurasia to Australia, and northeast Siberia to the Americas-allows the equivalent of a repeat experiment on the relation between geography and phylogenetic and cultural diversity. On all continents, cultural diversity is high in productive low latitudes, presumably because such regions can support populations of sustainable size in a small area, therefore allowing a high density of cultures. Of course, other factors operate. South America has an unusually low density of cultures in its tropical latitudes. A likely factor is the phylogeographic movement of peoples from the Old World bringing novel and hence, lethal diseases to the New World, a foretaste, perhaps, of present day global transport of tropical diseases.
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40
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Kuzminsky SC, Reyes Báez O, Arriaza B, Méndez C, Standen VG, San Román M, Muñoz I, Durán Herrera Á, Hubbe M. Investigating cranial morphological variation of early human skeletal remains from Chile: A 3D geometric morphometric approach. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 165:223-237. [PMID: 29090737 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Archaeological and genetic research has demonstrated that the Pacific Coast was a key route in the early colonization of South America. Research examining South American skeletons >8000 cal BP has revealed differences in cranial morphology between early and late Holocene populations, which may reflect distinct migration events and/or populations. However, genetic, cultural, and some skeletal data contradict this model. Given these discrepancies, this study examines ∼9000 years of prehistory to test the hypothesis that Early skeletons have a distinct cranial morphology from later skeletons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using 3D digital models, craniofacial landmarks, and geometric morphometric analyses, we compared Early Holocene crania (n = 4) to later Chilean samples (n = 90) frequently absent in continental assessments of craniofacial variation. PCA, Mahalanobis distances, posterior and typicality probabilities were used to examine variation. RESULTS Two of the earliest skeletons from northern Chile show clear affinities to individuals from later sites in the same region. However, the hypothesis cannot be rejected as one Early individual from northern Chile and one individual from inland Patagonia did not always show clear affinities to coastal populations. DISCUSSION Biological affinities among northern populations and other regions of Chile align with genetic and archaeological data, supporting cultural and biological continuity along the Pacific Coast. In Patagonia, archaeological data are in accordance with skeletal differences between the Early inland steppe individual and coastal populations. This study incorporates 3D methods and skeletal datasets not widely used in assessments of biological affinity, thus contributing to a critical body of research examining the ancient population history of western South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Kuzminsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R.P Gustavo Le Paige, Universidad Católica del Norte, Gustavo Le Paige 380, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.,Anthropology Department, University of California, 156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Omar Reyes Báez
- Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890 Casilla 113D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Bernardo Arriaza
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - César Méndez
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Moraleda 16, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Vivien G Standen
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de Septiembre 2222, Casilla 6-D, Arica, Chile
| | - Manuel San Román
- Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890 Casilla 113D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Iván Muñoz
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de Septiembre 2222, Casilla 6-D, Arica, Chile
| | | | - Mark Hubbe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R.P Gustavo Le Paige, Universidad Católica del Norte, Gustavo Le Paige 380, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.,Department of Anthropology, 4034 Smith Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 174 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio
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41
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Gowlett JAJ. The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0164. [PMID: 27216521 PMCID: PMC4874402 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Numbers of animal species react to the natural phenomenon of fire, but only humans have learnt to control it and to make it at will. Natural fires caused overwhelmingly by lightning are highly evident on many landscapes. Birds such as hawks, and some other predators, are alert to opportunities to catch animals including invertebrates disturbed by such fires and similar benefits are likely to underlie the first human involvements with fires. Early hominins would undoubtedly have been aware of such fires, as are savanna chimpanzees in the present. Rather than as an event, the discovery of fire use may be seen as a set of processes happening over the long term. Eventually, fire became embedded in human behaviour, so that it is involved in almost all advanced technologies. Fire has also influenced human biology, assisting in providing the high-quality diet which has fuelled the increase in brain size through the Pleistocene. Direct evidence of early fire in archaeology remains rare, but from 1.5 Ma onward surprising numbers of sites preserve some evidence of burnt material. By the Middle Pleistocene, recognizable hearths demonstrate a social and economic focus on many sites. The evidence of archaeological sites has to be evaluated against postulates of biological models such as the ‘cooking hypothesis' or the ‘social brain’, and questions of social cooperation and the origins of language. Although much remains to be worked out, it is plain that fire control has had a major impact in the course of human evolution. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A J Gowlett
- Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, School of Histories, Language and Cultures, University of Liverpool, 12-14 Abercromby Square, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK
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42
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The earliest settlers of Mesoamerica date back to the late Pleistocene. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183345. [PMID: 28854194 PMCID: PMC5576649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preceramic human skeletal remains preserved in submerged caves near Tulum in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, Mexico, reveal conflicting results regarding 14C dating. Here we use U-series techniques for dating a stalagmite overgrowing the pelvis of a human skeleton discovered in the submerged Chan Hol cave. The oldest closed system U/Th age comes from around 21 mm above the pelvis defining the terminus ante quem for the pelvis to 11311±370 y BP. However, the skeleton might be considerable older, probably as old as 13 ky BP as indicated by the speleothem stable isotope data. The Chan Hol individual confirms a late Pleistocene settling of Mesoamerica and represents one of the oldest human osteological remains in America.
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43
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Braje TJ, Dillehay TD, Erlandson JM, Fitzpatrick SM, Grayson DK, Holliday VT, Kelly RL, Klein RG, Meltzer DJ, Rick TC. Were Hominins in California ∼130,000 Years Ago? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2017.1348091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd J. Braje
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tom D. Dillehay
- Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jon M. Erlandson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Scott M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Donald K. Grayson
- Department of Anthropology and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vance T. Holliday
- School of Anthropology & Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert L. Kelly
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | | | - David J. Meltzer
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Torben C. Rick
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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Tkachenko N, Weissmann JD, Petersen WP, Lake G, Zollikofer CPE, Callegari S. Individual-based modelling of population growth and diffusion in discrete time. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176101. [PMID: 28426763 PMCID: PMC5398609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual-based models (IBMs) of human populations capture spatio-temporal dynamics using rules that govern the birth, behavior, and death of individuals. We explore a stochastic IBM of logistic growth-diffusion with constant time steps and independent, simultaneous actions of birth, death, and movement that approaches the Fisher-Kolmogorov model in the continuum limit. This model is well-suited to parallelization on high-performance computers. We explore its emergent properties with analytical approximations and numerical simulations in parameter ranges relevant to human population dynamics and ecology, and reproduce continuous-time results in the limit of small transition probabilities. Our model prediction indicates that the population density and dispersal speed are affected by fluctuations in the number of individuals. The discrete-time model displays novel properties owing to the binomial character of the fluctuations: in certain regimes of the growth model, a decrease in time step size drives the system away from the continuum limit. These effects are especially important at local population sizes of <50 individuals, which largely correspond to group sizes of hunter-gatherers. As an application scenario, we model the late Pleistocene dispersal of Homo sapiens into the Americas, and discuss the agreement of model-based estimates of first-arrival dates with archaeological dates in dependence of IBM model parameter settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Tkachenko
- Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - John D. Weissmann
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wesley P. Petersen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Seminar for Applied Mathematics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Lake
- Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simone Callegari
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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von Cramon-Taubadel N, Strauss A, Hubbe M. Evolutionary population history of early Paleoamerican cranial morphology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602289. [PMID: 28261661 PMCID: PMC5321447 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The nature and timing of the peopling of the Americas is a subject of intense debate. In particular, it is unclear whether high levels of between-group craniometric diversity in South America result from multiple migrations or from local diversification processes. Previous attempts to explain this diversity have largely focused on testing alternative dispersal or gene flow models, reaching conflicting or inconclusive results. Here, a novel analytical framework is applied to three-dimensional geometric morphometric data to partition the effects of population divergence from geographically mediated gene flow to understand the ancestry of the early South Americans in the context of global human history. The results show that Paleoamericans share a last common ancestor with contemporary Native American groups outside, rather than inside, the Americas. Therefore, and in accordance with some recent genomic studies, craniometric data suggest that the New World was populated by multiple waves of dispersion from northeast Asia throughout the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, 380 MFAC, Ellicott Complex, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA
| | - André Strauss
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070, Germany
| | - Mark Hubbe
- Instituto de Arqueología y Antropología, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, 4048 Smith Laboratory, 174 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Perez SI, Postillone MB, Rindel D. Domestication and human demographic history in South America. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:44-52. [PMID: 28109124 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The early groups of hunter-gatherers who peopled South America faced significant ecological changes in their trophic niche for a relatively short period after the initial peopling. In particular, the incorporation of cultigens during the Holocene led to a wider trophic niche and probably to an increased carrying capacity of the environment. Here, we study the relationship between the incorporation of domestic resources during the Holocene and the demographic dynamics of human populations at a regional scale in South America. MATERIAL AND METHODS We employ mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), radiocarbon data and Bayesian methods to estimate differences in population size, human occupation and explore the demographic changes of human populations in three regions (i.e., South-Central Andes, Northwest, and South Patagonia). We also use archaeological evidence to infer the main diet changes in these regions. RESULTS The absolute population size during the later Late Holocene was fifteen times larger in the South-Central Andes than in Northwest Patagonia, and two times larger in the latter region than in South Patagonia. The South-Central Andes display the earlier and more abrupt population growth, beginning about 9000 years BP, whereas Northwest Patagonia exhibits a more slow growth, beginning about 7000-7500 years BP. South Patagonia represents a later and slower population increase. DISCUSSION In this work we uncovered a well-supported pattern of the demographic change in the populations from South-Central Andes and Patagonia, obtained on the basis of different data and quantitative approaches, which suggests that the incorporation of domestic resources was paramount for the demographic expansion of these populations during the Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ivan Perez
- División Antropología, (FCNyM, UNLP), CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Bárbara Postillone
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas, (CEBBAD, UM), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Rindel
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Postglacial viability and colonization in North America's ice-free corridor. Nature 2016; 537:45-49. [PMID: 27509852 DOI: 10.1038/nature19085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the Last Glacial Maximum, continental ice sheets isolated Beringia (northeast Siberia and northwest North America) from unglaciated North America. By around 15 to 14 thousand calibrated radiocarbon years before present (cal. kyr bp), glacial retreat opened an approximately 1,500-km-long corridor between the ice sheets. It remains unclear when plants and animals colonized this corridor and it became biologically viable for human migration. We obtained radiocarbon dates, pollen, macrofossils and metagenomic DNA from lake sediment cores in a bottleneck portion of the corridor. We find evidence of steppe vegetation, bison and mammoth by approximately 12.6 cal. kyr bp, followed by open forest, with evidence of moose and elk at about 11.5 cal. kyr bp, and boreal forest approximately 10 cal. kyr bp. Our findings reveal that the first Americans, whether Clovis or earlier groups in unglaciated North America before 12.6 cal. kyr bp, are unlikely to have travelled by this route into the Americas. However, later groups may have used this north-south passageway.
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Metcalf JL, Turney C, Barnett R, Martin F, Bray SC, Vilstrup JT, Orlando L, Salas-Gismondi R, Loponte D, Medina M, De Nigris M, Civalero T, Fernández PM, Gasco A, Duran V, Seymour KL, Otaola C, Gil A, Paunero R, Prevosti FJ, Bradshaw CJA, Wheeler JC, Borrero L, Austin JJ, Cooper A. Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501682. [PMID: 27386563 PMCID: PMC4928889 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human colonization took place over a narrow time frame (~15 to 14.6 ka) but during contrasting temperature trends across each continent. Unfortunately, limited data sets in South America have so far precluded detailed comparison. We analyze genetic and radiocarbon data from 89 and 71 Patagonian megafaunal bones, respectively, more than doubling the high-quality Pleistocene megafaunal radiocarbon data sets from the region. We identify a narrow megafaunal extinction phase 12,280 ± 110 years ago, some 1 to 3 thousand years after initial human presence in the area. Although humans arrived immediately prior to a cold phase, the Antarctic Cold Reversal stadial, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until the stadial finished and the subsequent warming phase commenced some 1 to 3 thousand years later. The increased resolution provided by the Patagonian material reveals that the sequence of climate and extinction events in North and South America were temporally inverted, but in both cases, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until human presence and climate warming coincided. Overall, metapopulation processes involving subpopulation connectivity on a continental scale appear to have been critical for megafaunal species survival of both climate change and human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Metcalf
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ramaley Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0334, USA
| | - Chris Turney
- Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross Barnett
- Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabiana Martin
- Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, Instituto de la Patagonia, UMAG, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sarah C. Bray
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Acute Leukaemia Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Julia T. Vilstrup
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
- Departamento de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural, UNMSM, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 14, Peru
| | - Daniel Loponte
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, C1426BJN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Medina
- Área de Arqueología y Etnohistoria, Centro de Estudios Históricos “Prof. Carlos S.A. Segreti,” Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Miguel C. del Corro 308, Córdoba (5000), Argentina
| | - Mariana De Nigris
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL), CONICET/UBA, 3 de Febrero 1370, C1426BJN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Civalero
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL), CONICET/UBA, 3 de Febrero 1370, C1426BJN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Marcelo Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL), CONICET/UBA, 3 de Febrero 1370, C1426BJN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Gasco
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Victor Duran
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Kevin L. Seymour
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Clara Otaola
- CONICET-IANGLA Grupo Vincualdo San Rafael/ UTN-MHNSR, Parque Mariano Moreno (5600), San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Adolfo Gil
- CONICET-IANGLA Grupo Vincualdo San Rafael/ UTN-MHNSR, Parque Mariano Moreno (5600), San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rafael Paunero
- Departamento Científico de Arqueología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, Avenida Paseo del Bosque s/n (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco J. Prevosti
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Provincia de La Rioja, UNLaR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, (5301), Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Corey J. A. Bradshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jane C. Wheeler
- CONOPA, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Borrero
- CONICET-IMHICIHU, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Saavedra 15, 5 (1083 ACA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeremy J. Austin
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Alan Cooper
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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Jones S. Anthropological Archaeology in 2015: Entanglements, Reflection, Reevaluation, and Archaeology beyond Disciplinary Boundaries. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharyn Jones
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Philosophy; Northern Kentucky University; Highland Heights KY 41099
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