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Luo M, Yordanova K, Macdonald B, Hülür G. Routineness of Social Interactions Is Associated With Higher Affective Well-Being in Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae057. [PMID: 38595036 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some research conceptualizes routineness of daily life as an indicator of cognitive vulnerability that would lead to lower well-being in older age, whereas other research expects routineness to give rise to more meaning and stability in life and thus to higher well-being. Further research is needed to understand routineness in older adults in relation to cognitive abilities and well-being. This study examined routineness of social interactions. METHODS We examined data from an event-contingent experience sampling study with 103 Swiss community-dwelling older adults (aged 65 to 84 years). Participants completed in-lab cognitive assessments (reasoning, episodic memory, speed, and vocabulary) and reported their well-being (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction). For more than 21 days, participants reported the time and context of their social interactions (including modality, partner type, and location). Routineness of social interactions was defined as social interactions that occurred at the same time of day over the study period. It was calculated using recurrence quantification analysis. RESULTS Linear regressions showed that higher routineness of social interaction in general, of social interaction through the same modality, and of social interaction with the same partner type were associated with higher positive affect. Higher routineness of social interaction in general was associated with lower negative affect. Routineness of social interactions was not associated with life satisfaction or cognitive abilities. DISCUSSION A routine social life may increase older adults' affective well-being. Results are discussed in the context of activity engagement and time use in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Healthy Longevity Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Birthe Macdonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging," University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gizem Hülür
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Brailovskaia J. The "Vicious Circle of addictive Social Media Use and Mental Health" Model. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 247:104306. [PMID: 38735249 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media use (SMU) is a significant part of many people's everyday life. Research around the globe describes an increase of addictive SMU tendencies since the COVID-19 outbreak. The present work combines available findings in the "Vicious Circle of addictive Social Media Use and Mental Health" model to explain how social media (SM) activity can contribute to the development of addictive tendencies, which consequences they have for mental health, and how to prevent them. Following the model, the interplay between the risk factors negative experiences caused by daily hassles and by unexpected global and traumatic events, SMU (dimension "quality"), and SM flow can directly contribute to addictive SMU through the "vicious circle". Time spent on SMU (dimension "quantity"), symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the personality trait narcissism contribute to the circle as moderators. Symptoms of stress, insomnia, and suicide-related outcomes are described as potential consequences of addictive SMU. Based on longitudinal intervention studies, a conscious reduction of SMU time and an increase of physical activity, as well as positive mental health and mindfulness are identified as protective factors that reduce the risk of addictive tendencies. The model contributes to a better understanding of addictive SMU. Implications of the model for future research and praxis, specifically for mental health programs and therapeutic treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Bochum/Marburg, Germany.
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Tracy EL, Chin BN, Lehrer HM, Hasler BP, Thomas MC, Smagula S, Kimutis S, Hall MH, Buysse DJ. Behavioral-Social Rhythms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Retired Night Shift Workers and Retired Day Workers. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:227-233. [PMID: 38573015 PMCID: PMC11081820 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stability in the timing of key daily routine behaviors such as working/doing housework, sleeping, eating, and engaging in social interactions (i.e., behavioral-social rhythms) contributes to health. This study examined whether behavioral-social rhythms were associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in retired night shift workers and retired day workers and explored whether past night shift work exposure moderated this association. METHODS A total of 154 retired older adults participated in this study. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine associations between behavioral-social rhythms and CVD risk factors. Independent variables included Social Rhythm Metric (SRM)-5 score and actigraphy rest-activity rhythm intradaily variability (IV) and interdaily stability (IS). Dependent variables were metabolic syndrome prevalence and its five individual components. RESULTS More regular behavioral-social rhythms were associated with lower odds of prevalent metabolic syndrome (SRM: odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35-0.88; IV: OR = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.86-8.58; IS: OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24-0.73) and two of its individual components: body mass index (SRM: OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.37-0.85; IV: OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.59-5.07; IS: OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.26-0.68) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SRM: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.30-0.80; IV: OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.25-4.96; IS: OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.19-0.66). Past shift work history did not moderate the association between behavioral-social rhythms and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral-social rhythms were related to CVD risk factors in retired adults regardless of prior night shift work exposure. Older retired workers may benefit from education and interventions aiming to increase behavioral-social rhythm regularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Lee Tracy
- From the Department of Human Development and Family Science (Tracy), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Psychology (Chin), Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry (Lehrer, Hasler, Smagula, Kimutis, Hall, Buysse), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and VISN 4 Mental Illness Research (Thomas), Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Primavera D, Cossu G, Marchegiani S, Preti A, Nardi AE. Does the Dysregulation of Social Rhythms Syndrome (DYMERS) be Considered an Essential Component of Panic Disorders? Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2024; 20:e17450179293272. [PMID: 38774791 PMCID: PMC11107449 DOI: 10.2174/0117450179293272240328053722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
This editorial explores the role of hyperactivity and social rhythm dysregulation in bipolar disorder (BD) and related syndromes. Social Rhythm Dysregulation Syndrome (DYMERS) is proposed as a common vulnerability across various disorders, including panic disorder (PD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. A study conducted on a sample of elderly individuals participating in an active aging study investigated whether individuals with PD exhibit higher biological rhythm dysregulation compared to those without PD. The sample, consisting of 119 individuals, revealed that those with a lifetime PD diagnosis scored significantly higher on the dysregulation of biological rhythms scale compared to those without panic disorder. A higher prevalence of depressive episodes was found in individuals with PD at the time of the interview. Notably, a small sample of elderly individuals with panic disorder, voluntarily selected for a physical exercise trial, showed a significantly higher level of dysregulation of social rhythms compared to those without panic disorder. This study opens a debate on the accuracy of paper and pencil screening tests for bipolar disorders, especially regarding false positives in individuals with panic disorder. Our hypothesis is that DYMERS could be a shared vulnerability substrate for various disorders, serving as a basis for bipolar onset in the presence of a hyperactivity profile, even with genetic features. The data collected from older adults suggest that social rhythm dysregulation is a typical feature of PD, regardless of the coexistence of a depressive episode. While the study has limitations due to a small sample size, the findings warrant careful analysis and suggest the need for larger-scale replication studies. If confirmed, the dysregulation of rhythms and its association with depressive disorders highlight a significant area of vulnerability for serious psychopathological disorders, emphasizing the importance of extending research to younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy Section of Psychiatry, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy Section of Psychiatry, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brasil
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Imtiyaz BS, Margoob MA, Roub Mbbs F, Imtiaz M. Perceived stress, burnout, and resilience among healthcare workers in a multiple disaster-impacted setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Disaster Med 2024; 19:59-70. [PMID: 38597648 DOI: 10.5055/ajdm.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current literature on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research presents gaps and opportunities to investigate the psychological experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) serving in mass trauma situations. We aimed to measure perceived stress, burnout, and resilience in Kashmiri HCWs and explore the relationship of burnout with sociodemographic, work-related, and pandemic-related factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected by circulating a web-based questionnaire among HCWs across primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels in Kashmir, India. The questionnaire consisted of sections on personal, work-related, and pandemic-related variables as well as validated instruments to measure perceived stress, burnout, and resilience. RESULTS A total of 514 valid responses were received. More than 80 percent of HCWs had moderate to high perceived stress. The prevalence of personal, work-related, and client-related burnouts was 68, 48.6, and 46 percent, respectively. Resilience was negatively correlated with stress and burnout. Younger (18-28 years), unmarried HCWs, especially junior residents and nurses, had higher burnout levels. Redeployment to deliver COVID-19 duties, unpredictability in work schedule, tested positive for COVID-19, and spending time in isolation/quarantine were also found to be significant risk factors for developing burnout. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the HCWs suffered from burnout, and more than half had moderate to high perceived stress. In addition to pre-existing risk factors of burnout, the pandemic seems to have introduced more occupational risk factors in this disaster-affected area. Lessons learnt from COVID-19 pandemic may help guide need-based intervention strategies designed for specific target population rather than a one size fits all approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Syed Imtiyaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Kashmir, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-5586
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Margoob
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar; SAWAB-Supporting Always Wholeheartedly All Broken-Hearted, Voluntary Medicare Society, Kashmir, India
| | - Fazle Roub Mbbs
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Mehwish Imtiaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
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Sancassiani F, Cossu G, Cantone E, Romano F, Perra A, Urban A, Pinna S, Del Giacco S, Littera R, Firinu D, Chessa L, Tramontano E, Nardi AE, Carta MG. The Stability of Social and Behavioral Rhythms and Unexpected Low Rate of Relevant Depressive Symptoms in Old Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2005. [PMID: 38610769 PMCID: PMC11012795 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The disruption of social rhythms was found to be associated with depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic; lower rates of these disorders were surprisingly found in old adults. The present study aims to verify the stability of social rhythms during lockdown in a sample of elderly people. Methods: Controlled cohort study (secondary analyses) of a previous randomized-controlled trial with the first evaluation in April 2019 (T0) and then 48 weeks later (T1) during the lockdown. The regulation of social and behavioral rhythms was measured through the Brief Social Rhythms Scale (BSRS); the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) was adopted to detect relevant depressive symptoms. Results: 93 elderlies (73.36 ± 4.97 years old, 50.5% females) were evaluated at T0 and T1. Neither the total score of BSRS nor any of the 10 items showed a statistically significant difference comparing the two survey periods. The frequency of relevant depressive symptoms was 5.3% at T0 and 6.4% at T1 (OR = 0.8, CI95% 0.2-24). Conclusions: Among elderlies who did not show an increased risk of depression during the lockdown, social and behavioral rhythms remained exceptionally stable during the same period. Considering previous evidence about rhythms dysregulation preceding depression, their stability may be considered a factor of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Elisa Cantone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Perra
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Antonio Urban
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
- University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Samantha Pinna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Roberto Littera
- Medical Genetics, “R. Binaghi” Hospital, 09126 Cagliari, Italy;
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), 09131 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry-IPUB, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil;
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.P.); (A.U.); (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (D.F.); (L.C.); (M.G.C.)
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Brailovskaia J, Schneider S, Margraf J. The "bubbles"-study: Validation of ultra-short scales for the assessment of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300923. [PMID: 38507342 PMCID: PMC10954120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms cause substantial psychological and economic burdens around the globe. To mitigate the negative consequences, the negative symptoms should be identified at an early stage. Therefore, the implementation of very brief valid screening tools in mental health prevention programs and in therapeutic settings is advantageous. In two studies on representative German population samples, we developed and validated three ultra-short scales-the "bubbles"-that consist of only one item based on the Depression Anxiety Stress 21 subscales (DASS-21) for the assessment of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. The results of Study 1 (N = 1,001) and Study 2 (N = 894) revealed that the bubbles are valid instruments that fit the DASS-21 subscales on the factor level. Moreover, the bubbles replicated the association pattern of the DASS-21 subscales with demographic variables, and with variables that belong to the negative and the positive dimension of mental health. Thus, due to their time- and cost-efficiency, the bubbles can be used as brief screening tools in research (e.g., large-scale studies, longitudinal studies, experience sampling paradigms) and in praxis. Their shortness can prevent fatigue, motivation decrease, and participants' drop-out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner Site Bochum/Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner Site Bochum/Marburg, Germany
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner Site Bochum/Marburg, Germany
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Walsh RFL, Klugman J, Moriarity DP, Titone MK, Ng TH, Goel N, Alloy LB. Reward sensitivity and social rhythms during goal-striving: An ecological momentary assessment investigation of bipolar spectrum disorders. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:510-518. [PMID: 37852584 PMCID: PMC10842638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reward/circadian rhythm model of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) posits that when individuals with hypersensitive reward systems encounter reward-relevant events, they experience social and circadian rhythm disruption, leading to mood symptoms. The aim of the current study is to test an element of this theoretical model by investigating changes in social rhythms during and after an ecologically-valid reward-relevant event and evaluating whether the strength of these associations differ by trait reward sensitivity and BSD diagnostic group. METHODS Young adults from three groups (low BSD risk with moderate reward sensitivity [MRew], high BSD risk with high reward sensitivity [HRew], and high reward sensitivity with BSD [HRew+BSD]) completed a reward responsiveness task and 20-day ecological momentary assessment study structured around a participant-specific goal occurring on day 15. Social rhythm disruption (SRD) and social rhythm regularity (SRR) were assessed daily. Multilevel models examined whether reward sensitivity and group moderated associations between study phase (baseline [days 1-5], goal-striving [days 16-20], or outcome [days 16-20]) and social rhythms. RESULTS Participants experienced greater SRD after the goal-striving event during the outcome phase, compared to the baseline phase. The HRew+BSD group had significant decreases in SRR during the outcome phase, and this pattern differed significantly from the low-risk and high-risk groups. Greater task reward responsiveness also was associated with significant decreases in SRR during the outcome phase. LIMITATIONS This study did not test whether social rhythm irregularity was associated with subsequent mood change. CONCLUSIONS Participants exhibited social rhythm changes over the course of this ecologically valid goal-striving period, providing evidence for the interplay between reward-activating events and social rhythms. The HRew+BSD group showed a distinct pattern in which their social rhythms were more irregular after completing reward-relevant goal-striving that was not observed for the low-BSD risk or high-BSD risk groups. These findings provide additional support for Interpersonal and Social Rhythms Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F L Walsh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, United States of America
| | - Joshua Klugman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, United States of America; Department of Sociology, Temple University, United States of America
| | - Daniel P Moriarity
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Madison K Titone
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States of America; University of California San Diego, United States of America
| | - Tommy H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine College, United States of America
| | - Namni Goel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, United States of America.
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Primavera D, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Romano F, Kalcev G, Pinna S, Minerba L, Scano A, Orrù G, Cossu G. Does the Response to a Stressful Condition in Older Adults with Life Rhythm Dysregulations Provide Evidence of the Existence of the "Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome"? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:87. [PMID: 38200993 PMCID: PMC10778618 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 lockdown periods have given rise to the "Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome" (DYMERS). This syndrome is characterized by a poor regulation of biological, social, and behavioral rhythms, including sleep, nutrition, and social contacts. The purpose of this cohort study was to examine whether older adults with pre-existing DYMERS had a more negative perception of their health-related quality of life (H-QoL) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, regardless of the presence of concurrent mood disorders. METHOD The entire study population (N = 93; age > 65 year) was categorized based on whether they exhibited dysregulated rhythms at the outset of the study. A comparison was made between DYMERS-positive individuals and DYMERS-negative individuals, and we assessed their H-QoL at the conclusion of the study. We also compared the H-QoL of individuals in the cohort who did not have a positive depression score to understand the impact of the rhythm dysregulation alone. RESULTS The frequency of individuals with a critical health-related quality of life score (SF12 < 25) was higher in the cohort with pre-existing DYMERS during lockdown (33.33% vs. 6.17%). This difference remained significant even when only individuals without depressive symptomatology were considered (27.27% vs. 2.60%). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that DYMERS can exert a substantial influence on health-related quality of life (H-QoL), even when mood disturbances are not present. Additional research is required to investigate the relationship between DYMERS and other psychiatric conditions as well as its nature as a standalone disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- Nursing Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200002, Colombia
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Chair of Public Health, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Goce Kalcev
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Samantha Pinna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
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Margraf J, Lavallee KL, Zhang XC, Schneider S. Three-wave longitudinal prediction of positive mental health in Germany and China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287012. [PMID: 38127973 PMCID: PMC10735011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is a follow-up of a prior study examining a broad range of longitudinal predictors of dimensional positive mental health (PMH) and negative mental health (NMH), using cross-cultural data from the Bochum Optimism and Mental Health (BOOM) study. The present study sought to expand prior findings on positive mental health predictors to a longer longitudinal timeframe. The analysis, specifically, tests our prior model using a third time point, The following positive constructs were examined in relation to later positive mental health: resilience, social support, social rhythm, family affluence, physical health and expectations for fertility. Negative predictors depression, anxiety, and stress were also examined in relation to time 3 positive mental health. Participants included university student samples from Germany (N = 591) and China (N = 8,831). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the effects of predictors on mental health. In China, three of the six salutogenic predictors (social rhythm regularity, positive mental health, resilience) at baseline were predictive of positive mental health at both follow-ups with generally small, but significant effects. Social support at baseline predicted more, and stress and anxiety predicted less positive mental health at follow-up 1, with generally small effects. Depression at baseline predicted less positive mental health at follow-up 2. In Germany, two of the six salutogenic predictors (positive mental health, social support) at baseline were predictive of positive mental health at both follow-ups, with generally small effects. Pathogenic predictors were not predictive of positive mental health at either follow-up. According to multi group analysis, the paths from positive mental health baseline to positive mental health follow-up 1 (FU1) as well as the path positive mental health FU1 to positive mental health follow-up 2 (FU2) were found to differ between Germany and China. All other paths could be seen as equivalent in Germany and China. Results indicate prediction of positive mental health over an extended period of time, and in particular by salutogenic predictors. Pathogenic predictors were also (negatively) predictive of PMH, but with more mixed results, underscoring the differential prediction of PMH from salutogenic and pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kristen L. Lavallee
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiao Chi Zhang
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Luong N, Barnett I, Aledavood T. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily rhythms. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1943-1953. [PMID: 37550242 PMCID: PMC10654873 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted daily activity rhythms and life routines with people adjusting to new work schedules, exercise routines, and other everyday life activities. This study examines temporal changes in daily activity rhythms and routines during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing disproportionate changes among working adult subgroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS In June 2021, we conducted a year-long study to collect high-resolution fitness tracker data and questionnaire responses from 128 working adults. Questionnaire data were analyzed to explore changes in exercise and work routines during the pandemic. We build temporal distributions of daily step counts to quantify their daily movement rhythms, then measure their consistency over time using the inverse of the Earth mover's distance. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to compare movement rhythm variability among subpopulations. RESULTS During the pandemic, our cohort exhibited a shift in exercise routines, with a decrease in nonwalking physical exercises, while walking remained unchanged. Migrants and those living alone had less consistent daily movement rhythms compared to others. Those preferring on-site work maintained more consistent daily movement rhythms. Men and migrants returned to work more quickly after pandemic restriction measures were eased. DISCUSSION Our findings quantitatively show the pandemic's unequal impact on different subpopulations. This study opens new research avenues to explore why certain groups return to on-site work, exercise levels, or daily movement rhythms more slowly compared to prepandemic times. CONCLUSIONS Considering the pandemic's unequal impact on subpopulations, organizations and policymakers should address diverse needs and offer tailored support during future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Luong
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ian Barnett
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Meng J, Xiao X, Wang W, Jiang Y, Jin Y, Wang H. Sleep quality, social rhythms, and depression among people living with HIV: a path analysis based on social zeitgeber theory. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1102946. [PMID: 37215662 PMCID: PMC10192574 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People living with HIV frequently report sleep disturbances. The social zeitgeber theory, which proposes that stressful life events can interfere with sleep and even depression by destabilizing daily routines, provides new insights into identifying predictors of sleep disturbances and improving sleep in people living with HIV. Objective To explain the pathways affecting sleep quality in people living with HIV based on social zeitgeber theory. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess sleep quality, social rhythms, depression, social support, and coping styles from December 2020 to February 2021. The hypothetical model was tested and respecified by performing path analysis and a bias-corrected bootstrapping method using IBM AMOS 24 software. The report of this study followed the STROBE checklist. Results A total of 737 people living with HIV participated in the study. The final model presented a good fit (goodness of fit = 0.999, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.984, normed fit index = 0.996, comparative fit index = 0.998, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.988, root mean square error of approximation = 0.030, chi-squared/degree of freedom = 1.646), explaining 32.3% of the variance in sleep quality among people living with HIV. Lower social rhythm stability was directly associated with poorer sleep quality, and depression mediated the relationship between social rhythms and sleep quality. Social support and coping styles affected sleep quality through social rhythms and depression. Limitation The cross-sectional study design precludes making assumptions about causality among factors. Conclusion This study validates and extends the applicability of the social zeitgeber theory in the HIV context. Social rhythms have direct and indirect effects on sleep. Social rhythms, sleep, and depression is not simply linked in a cascading sequence but is theoretically linked in a complex way. More studies are needed to explore the predictors of social rhythms, and interventions for stabilizing social rhythms have the potential to alleviate sleep disturbances and depression in people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xueling Xiao
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanfei Jin
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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13
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Moskalewicz M, Kordel P, Wiertlewska-Bielarz J. Chemotherapy, clocks, and the awareness of death: A quantitative phenomenological study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1097928. [PMID: 36998375 PMCID: PMC10043210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1097928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a previous phenomenological study of lived time in ovarian cancer, this research aims to find how the frequency of chemotherapy affects orientation in time (the so-called “chemo-clock”) and the awareness of mortality of service users with various cancers. For this purpose, a variation of a front-loaded phenomenological method that combines scientific hypothesis testing with phenomenological insights of both conceptual and qualitative nature was developed. The study is based on a purposive quota sample of 440 participants representative of the Polish cancer population in terms of sex (m:f ratio 1:1) and age (m > 65 = 61%; f > 65 = 53%) and undergoing chemotherapy for at least a month. The exposure environmental factors of interest are temporal: the frequency of chemotherapy [weekly (N = 150), biweekly (N = 146), and triweekly (N = 144)] and time since the beginning of treatment. The study confirms the relevance of the “chemo-clock”—participants use the pace of hospital appointments for orientation in time, and significantly more often when in triweekly treatments (weekly 38%; biweekly 61%; triweekly 69.4%; V = 0.242, p < 0.001, while neither age nor time since the beginning of treatment differentiate the usage of calendar categories and the “chemo-clock”). Simultaneously, chemotherapy increases their awareness of finitude, which again correlates neither with age nor time since the beginning of treatment but is significantly stronger in those with lower chemotherapy frequencies. Lower treatment frequencies are thus associated with its increased significance in terms of its impact on how people with cancer measure time and whether they increasingly consider their mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Moskalewicz
- Phenomenological Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Philosophy of Mental Health Unit, Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Philosophy, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marcin Moskalewicz,
| | - Piotr Kordel
- Philosophy of Mental Health Unit, Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wiertlewska-Bielarz
- Philosophy of Mental Health Unit, Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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14
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Hasan MT, Hasan MM, Perven A, Khan MH. Validation and psychometric properties of the bangla version of positive mental health scale (PMH-scale). Heliyon 2023; 9:e14663. [PMID: 37025899 PMCID: PMC10070510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive mental health is crucial to individuals' total well-being and especially to their emotional, psychological, and social functioning. To assess the positive aspects of mental health, the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale) is being used as one of the most significant and practical short unidimensional psychological tools. However, the PMH-scale has not yet been validated for the Bangladeshi population nor has it been translated into Bangla. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of PMH-scale and validate it with the Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ) and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS). The sample of the study consisted of 3145 university students (61.8% men) aged from 17 to 27 (M = 22.07, SD = 1.74) and 298 general population (53.4% men) aged from 30 to 65 (M = 41.05, SD = 7.88) of Bangladesh. The factor structure of the PMH-scale as well as measurement invariance for sex and age (age ≤30 years; age >30 years) were tested, using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The CFA revealed that the originally proposed unidimensional model of PMH-scale had a good fit in the current sample which confirms factorial validity of the Bangla version of PMH-scale. The value of Cronbach's alpha (for both groups combined α = 0.85; for the student sample α = .85; and for the general sample α = .73) ensured the high internal consistency of the items. Concurrent validity of the PMH-scale was confirmed through the expected correlation with aggression (BAQ) and mood (BRUMS). The PMH-scale was also partially invariant over groups (student, general, men and women) indicating that the PMH-scale is equally applicable to student, general, men and women population. Therefore, this study tells us that the Bangla version of PMH-scale is a quick and easy-to-administer tool for assessing positive mental health in different groups of people in Bangladeshi culture. This work will also be useful for mental health studies in Bangladesh.
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15
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Lam J, Broccatelli C, Baxter J. Diversity of strong and weak ties and loneliness in older adults. J Aging Stud 2023; 64:101097. [PMID: 36868610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between characteristics of older adults' networks and loneliness. Drawing on a mixed-methods study with primary data from 165 surveys and a subset of 50 in-depth interviews from the broader sample, we examine whether and how strong and weak ties in an individual's network provide different forms of support in buffering loneliness. Regression models demonstrate that a higher frequency of contacts with strong ties, rather than the number of strong ties, is associated with lower levels of loneliness. In contrast, a greater number of weak ties is related to lower levels of loneliness. Our qualitative interview data shows that strong ties are susceptible to relationship loss, geographic distances, or relationship conflict. A greater number of weak ties, on the other hand, increases the likelihood of support and engagement when needed, reciprocity of relationships, and access to new social groups and networks. Previous research has focused on the complementary forms of support provided by strong and weak ties. Our study shows the different forms of support provided by strong and weak ties, underscoring the importance of a diverse social network for reducing loneliness. Our study also highlights the role of network changes in later life and social tie availability as important factors that contribute to understanding how social ties operate to combat loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lam
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland; Australian Research Council of Excellence on Children and Families over the Life Course.
| | | | - Janeen Baxter
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland; Australian Research Council of Excellence on Children and Families over the Life Course
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16
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Grinnell M, Piscitello J, Kelley ML. Young Adult Routines Inventory (YARI): Development and Initial Validation. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022; 45:391-402. [PMCID: PMC9734787 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-10007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Grinnell
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
- Silber Psychological Services, P.A., Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Jennifer Piscitello
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Academic Health Center 1, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33129 USA
| | - Mary Lou Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
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17
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Kahawage P, Bullock B, Meyer D, Gottlieb J, Crowe M, Swartz HA, Yatham LN, Inder M, Porter RJ, Nierenberg AA, Meesters Y, Gordijn M, Haarman BCM, Murray G. Social Rhythm Disruption is Associated with Greater Depressive Symptoms in People with Mood Disorders: Findings from a Multinational Online Survey During COVID-19. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 67:831-840. [PMID: 35535550 PMCID: PMC9096005 DOI: 10.1177/07067437221097905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Societal restrictions imposed to prevent transmission of COVID-19 may challenge circadian-driven lifestyle behaviours, particularly amongst those vulnerable to mood disorders. The overarching aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that, in the routine-disrupted environment of the COVID-19, amongst a sample of people living with mood disorders, greater social rhythm disruption would be associated with more severe mood symptoms. METHODS We conducted a two-wave, multinational survey of 997 participants (MAge=39.75±13.39,Female=81.6%) who self-reported a mood disorder diagnosis (i.e., major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder). Respondents completed questionnaires assessing demographics, social rhythmicity (The Brief Social Rhythm Scale), depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), sleep quality and diurnal preference (The Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Mood questionnaire) and stressful life events during the COVID-19 pandemic (The Social Readjustment Rating Scale). RESULTS The majority of participants indicated COVID-19-related social disruption had affected the regularity of their daily routines to at least some extent (n = 788, 79.1%). As hypothesised, lower social rhythmicity was associated with greater depressive symptoms when tested cross-sectionally (standardised β = -.25, t = -7.94, P = 0.000) and when tested using a 2-level hierarchical linear model across two time points (b = -0.14, t = -3.46, df = 264, P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with the social zeitgeber hypothesis proposing that mood disorders are sensitive to life events that disrupt social rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyumi Kahawage
- Centre for Mental Health, 3783Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben Bullock
- Centre for Mental Health, 3783Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health, 3783Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Gottlieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, 12244Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marie Crowe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, 2494University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Holly A Swartz
- Department of Psychiatry, 6614University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maree Inder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, 2494University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, 2494University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, 1811Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ybe Meesters
- Department of Psychiatry Groningen, 3647University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Gordijn
- Chrono@Work & Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry Groningen, 3647University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, 3783Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Yokotani K, Takano M. Avatars' Social Rhythms in Online Games Indicate Their Players' Depression. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:718-732. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yokotani
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masanori Takano
- Multi-disciplinary Information Science Center (MISC), CyberAgent, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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Almubaddel A. Psychometric properties of a Saudi Arabian version of the Positive Mental Health (PMH) scale. PSICOLOGIA, REFLEXAO E CRITICA : REVISTA SEMESTRAL DO DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGIA DA UFRGS 2022; 35:29. [PMID: 36125579 PMCID: PMC9489822 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Positive Mental Health (PMH) scale has been shown to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing positive mental health and well-being in different languages and cultures. However, the PMH scale has not yet been translated into Arabic and validated for the Saudi Arabian population. Therefore, the current study aimed to translate the English version of the PMH scale into Arabic for the Saudi Arabian context and validate the translated scale. A total of 1148 adult participants from Saudi public universities took part in the study. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in different subsamples, the results of the current study revealed that the unifactorial model satisfactorily fits the data. Additionally, the Arabic version of the PMH scale demonstrated sufficient levels of reliability and had a high negative correlation with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, indicating convergent validity. Taken together, the findings of the current study suggest that the Arabic version of the PMH scale has appropriate levels of validity and reliability for the Saudi Arabian population.
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20
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Lemonnier C, Bize P, Boonstra R, Dobson FS, Criscuolo F, Viblanc VA. Effects of the social environment on vertebrate fitness and health in nature: Moving beyond the stress axis. Horm Behav 2022; 145:105232. [PMID: 35853411 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions are a ubiquitous feature of the lives of vertebrate species. These may be cooperative or competitive, and shape the dynamics of social systems, with profound effects on individual behavior, physiology, fitness, and health. On one hand, a wealth of studies on humans, laboratory animal models, and captive species have focused on understanding the relationships between social interactions and individual health within the context of disease and pathology. On the other, ecological studies are attempting an understanding of how social interactions shape individual phenotypes in the wild, and the consequences this entails in terms of adaptation. Whereas numerous studies in wild vertebrates have focused on the relationships between social environments and the stress axis, much remains to be done in understanding how socially-related activation of the stress axis coordinates other key physiological functions related to health. Here, we review the state of our current knowledge on the effects that social interactions may have on other markers of vertebrate fitness and health. Building upon complementary findings from the biomedical and ecological fields, we identify 6 key physiological functions (cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, immunity, brain function, and the regulation of biological rhythms) which are intimately related to the stress axis, and likely directly affected by social interactions. Our goal is a holistic understanding of how social environments affect vertebrate fitness and health in the wild. Whereas both social interactions and social environments are recognized as important sources of phenotypic variation, their consequences on vertebrate fitness, and the adaptive nature of social-stress-induced phenotypes, remain unclear. Social flexibility, or the ability of an animal to change its social behavior with resulting changes in social systems in response to fluctuating environments, has emerged as a critical underlying factor that may buffer the beneficial and detrimental effects of social environments on vertebrate fitness and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lemonnier
- Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Pierre Bize
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Swiss Institute of Ornithology, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - F Stephen Dobson
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Vincent A Viblanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Watanabe T, Masuya J, Hashimoto S, Honyashiki M, Ono M, Tamada Y, Fujimura Y, Inoue T, Shimura A. Long Working Hours Indirectly Affect Psychosomatic Stress Responses via Complete Mediation by Irregular Mealtimes and Shortened Sleep Duration: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116715. [PMID: 35682299 PMCID: PMC9180522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long working hours are detrimental to physical and mental health. However, the association between long working hours and psychosomatic symptoms have remained controversial, possibly because of the existence of mediators between working hours and psychosomatic stress responses. We hypothesized that lifestyle habits, regarding sleep and mealtimes, act as mediators, and analyzed the associations between long working hours, sleep duration, mealtime regularity, and psychosomatic stress responses in office workers. METHODS From April 2017 to March 2018, an online cross-sectional survey regarding overtime work hours, work-related stress, sleep, and eating habits was conducted with employees of 17 companies located in Tokyo, Japan. Answers were obtained from 3559 employees, and 3100 provided written consent for the academic use of their answers, and were included in the analysis. A path analysis was conducted to assess the effect of overtime work on psychosomatic stress via shortened sleep or irregular mealtimes. RESULTS Overtime work hours had no direct effect on psychosomatic stress responses and depressive symptoms. However, overtime work hours affected sleep duration and the regularity of mealtimes. The effects of overtime work hours on psychosomatic stress responses and depressive symptoms were completely mediated by sleep duration and the regularity of mealtimes. CONCLUSION Long working hours do not affect mental health directly; however, shortened sleep duration and irregular mealtimes mediate the effect of long working hours on psychosomatic stress responses and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenshi Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjukuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan; (T.W.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (T.I.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ebara Hospital, 4-5-19 Higashi-Yukigaya, Otaku 145-0065, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjukuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan; (T.W.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (T.I.)
| | - Shogo Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 10, Nishi 7, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0808, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Mina Honyashiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjukuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan; (T.W.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (T.I.)
| | - Miki Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjukuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan; (T.W.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (T.I.)
| | - Yu Tamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjukuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan; (T.W.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (T.I.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, 1-3-1 Kajigaya, Kawasaki 213-8587, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yota Fujimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjukuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan; (T.W.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (T.I.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachiojishi 193-0998, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjukuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan; (T.W.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (T.I.)
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjukuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan; (T.W.); (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)3-3342-6111
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22
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Braund TA, Zin MT, Boonstra TW, Wong QJJ, Larsen ME, Christensen H, Tillman G, O'Dea B. Smartphone Sensor Data for Identifying and Monitoring Symptoms of Mood Disorders: A Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e35549. [PMID: 35507385 PMCID: PMC9118091 DOI: 10.2196/35549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders are burdensome illnesses that often go undetected and untreated. Sensor technologies within smartphones may provide an opportunity for identifying the early changes in circadian rhythm and social support/connectedness that signify the onset of a depressive or manic episode. OBJECTIVE Using smartphone sensor data, this study investigated the relationship between circadian rhythm, which was determined by GPS data, and symptoms of mental health among a clinical sample of adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. METHODS A total of 121 participants were recruited from a clinical setting to take part in a 10-week observational study. Self-report questionnaires for mental health outcomes, social support, social connectedness, and quality of life were assessed at 6 time points throughout the study period. Participants consented to passively sharing their smartphone GPS data for the duration of the study. Circadian rhythm (ie, regularity of location changes in a 24-hour rhythm) was extracted from GPS mobility patterns at baseline. RESULTS Although we found no association between circadian rhythm and mental health functioning at baseline, there was a positive association between circadian rhythm and the size of participants' social support networks at baseline (r=0.22; P=.03; R2=0.049). In participants with bipolar disorder, circadian rhythm was associated with a change in anxiety from baseline; a higher circadian rhythm was associated with an increase in anxiety and a lower circadian rhythm was associated with a decrease in anxiety at time point 5. CONCLUSIONS Circadian rhythm, which was extracted from smartphone GPS data, was associated with social support and predicted changes in anxiety in a clinical sample of adults with mood disorders. Larger studies are required for further validations. However, smartphone sensing may have the potential to monitor early symptoms of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Braund
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - May The Zin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tjeerd W Boonstra
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Quincy J J Wong
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark E Larsen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gabriel Tillman
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Bridianne O'Dea
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Wang J, He P, Deng T, Xu X, Zou D, Wang Y, Zeng W, Zhao M, Wang W, Lin H, Deng M, Kuang L, Chen D, Yang M. The difference of disrupted rhythms of life, work and entertainment between patients with FGIDs and healthy people and their associations with psychological disorders under COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:628-638. [PMID: 33557677 DOI: 10.1177/0020764021992835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the differences in disrupted rhythms between healthy people and patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and their associations with mood disorders during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS The rhythm scales were composed of subscales 1 and 2 for the assessment of life-work and entertainment rhythms, respectively; Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess mood disorders. RESULTS A total of 671 patients with FGIDs and 4373 healthy people successfully participated. The scores of subscales 1 and 2 for patients with FGIDs were significantly higher than those for healthy people (p < .005). The SAS and SDS scores, their prevalence rates were significantly higher than those for the healthy group (all p < .001). Health status, current occupation, life-work rhythm, SDS, and SAS were independent related factors of FGIDs. The score of life-work-entertainment rhythm was significantly positively correlated with SDS and SAS (both p < .001). CONCLUSION Disrupted rhythms in patients with FGIDs under the COVID-19 pandemic were more frequently and significantly positively associated with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tianwei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Three Gorges Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Statistics, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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24
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Lam J, Vuolo M. Later-life transitions and changes in prescription medication use for pain and depression. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:222. [PMID: 35300602 PMCID: PMC8931979 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past two decades, prescription medication use for pain and depression increased dramatically. Most studies consider the early life course, despite a similar increase among those in later life. In this paper, we examine whether and how later life transitions may relate to changes in medication use. Methods We draw on data from the Health and Retirement Study and fixed-effects models to examine whether work, family, and civic transitions in later life are related to changes in the usage of prescription pain and depression medication. Results Results show that individuals had higher odds of regularly using prescription pain and depression medications in periods when out of the labor market. Higher odds of depression medication use were also associated with periods of widowhood, and lower odds of use when frequently volunteering. Such relations persist adjusting for reported levels of pain and depression. Conclusion Our findings call attention to the importance of social ties and the presence of actors that may regulate health behaviors, as well as a change in social context, that may shape medication use in later life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02921-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lam
- Institute for Social Science Research, Life Course Centre - University of Queensland, Level 2, Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia.
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25
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Carta MG, Fornaro M, Minerba L, Pau M, Velluzzi F, Atzori L, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Romano F, Littera R, Chessa L, Firinu D, Del Giacco S, Restivo A, Deidda S, Orrù G, Scano A, Onali S, Coghe F, Kalcev G, Cossu G. Previous functional social and behavioral rhythms affect resilience to COVID-19-related stress among old adults. J Public Health Res 2022; 11. [PMID: 35299585 PMCID: PMC8973204 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2022.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functioning of Social Behavioral Rhythms (SBRs) may affect resilience toward stressful events across different age groups. However, the impact of SBRs on the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in elder people is yet to ascertain, representing the aim of the present report. DESIGN AND METHODS Follow-up of a peer-reviewed randomized controlled trial on exercise on old adults (³65 years), concurrent to the onset of the pandemic-related lockdown. Post-RCT evaluations occurred after further 12 and 36 weeks since the beginning of the lockdown phase. People with Major Depressive Episode (MDE) at week-48 (follow-up endpoint) were deemed as cases, people without such condition were considered controls. MDE was ascertained using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); SBRs functioning at week 12 onward, through the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS). RESULTS Seventy-nine individuals (53.2%, females) entered the RCT-follow-up phase. The frequency of MDE did not significantly change before versus during lockdown (OR 2.60, CI95%=0.87-9.13). People with BSRS>1 standard deviation of the whole sample score at week-12 had an inflated risk of DE during lockdown (OR=5.6, 95%CI: 1.5-21.4) compared to those with lower BSRS scores. Such odd hold after excluding individuals with MDD at week-12. The post-hoc analysis could be potentially affected by selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Overall, older adults were resilient during the first phase of the pandemic when functioning of pre-lockdown was still preserved, in contrast to the subsequent evaluations when the impairment of daily rhythms was associated with impaired reliance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Massimiliano Pau
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari.
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Laura Atzori
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | | | | | - Roberto Littera
- Unit of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Sardinian Regional Company for the Protection of Health (ATS Sardegna), Cagliari.
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari.
| | - Simona Deidda
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari.
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari.
| | | | - Simona Onali
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Ferdinando Coghe
- Clinical Chemical and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital of Cagliari.
| | - Goce Kalcev
- International Ph.D in Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari.
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
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26
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Sankar A, Panchal P, Goldman DA, Colic L, Villa LM, Kim JA, Lebowitz ER, Carrubba E, Lecza B, Silverman WK, Swartz HA, Blumberg HP. Telehealth Social Rhythm Therapy to Reduce Mood Symptoms and Suicide Risk Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder. Am J Psychother 2021; 74:172-177. [PMID: 34293928 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social rhythm irregularities are associated with increased bipolar disorder symptoms and suicide risk. This study was the first to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a 12-week social rhythm therapy (SRT) delivered predominantly via telehealth (three in-person sessions, nine via video teleconferencing) to adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder. The primary aim was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of SRT delivered predominantly via telehealth. Secondary aims were to explore the intervention's impacts on social rhythm regularity, mood symptoms, and suicide propensity. METHODS Thirteen adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder received a modified SRT called Brain Emotion circuitry-targeted Self-Monitoring And Regulation Therapy for Daily Rhythms (BE-SMART-DR) administered mostly remotely, adjunctive to treatment as usual. Retention rates, client satisfaction, therapeutic alliance, and pre- to postintervention changes in social rhythm regularity, mood symptoms, and suicide propensity were assessed. RESULTS BE-SMART-DR was associated with high retention rates (77%), high mean±SD scores on the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (29.4±2.7), and high participant global scores on the Working Alliance Inventory (231.3±8.1), indicative of strong therapeutic alliance. Secondary outcome measures on social rhythm irregularities, mood symptoms, and suicide propensity decreased from pre- to posttherapy. Increased social rhythm regularity was associated with reduced suicide propensity after analyses were controlled for reductions in mood symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results indicate that SRT delivered largely by telemedicine is feasible and acceptable. The intervention appeared to reduce mood symptoms, and suicide propensity independent of mood symptoms, among adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sankar
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Priyanka Panchal
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Danielle A Goldman
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Lejla Colic
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Luca M Villa
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Jihoon A Kim
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Eli R Lebowitz
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Erin Carrubba
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Bernadette Lecza
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Wendy K Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Holly A Swartz
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry (Sankar, Panchal, Goldman, Colic, Villa, Kim, Carrubba, Lecza, Silverman, Blumberg), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (Goldman), and Child Study Center (Lebowitz, Silverman, Blumberg), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Swartz)
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27
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Swartz HA, Rollman BL, Mohr DC, Sadow S, Frank E. A randomized pilot study of Rhythms And You (RAY): An internet-based program for bipolar disorder administered with and without clinical helper support in primary care. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:183-191. [PMID: 34469857 PMCID: PMC8551063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhythms And You (RAY) is an online intervention for bipolar disorders (BD) based on Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy. We examined RAY's feasibility and acceptability for individuals with BD recruited from primary care. Because online interventions may be more effective when paired with human support, we evaluated RAY with and without weekly brief (∼5 min) calls from clinical helpers (CH). METHODS Participants (n = 47) meeting criteria for BD I, II or other specified BD, presenting for primary care, were randomly assigned to RAY, RAY-CH, or Adjunctive Reading Material (ARM) control. RAY consisted of 12 weekly online modules. ARM consisted of 12 weekly emails. Participants were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS RAY showed high completion rates and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire scores (36/47, 77% and 25.1 ± 5.5, respectively; no group differences). Effect sizes for RAY- CH ranged from small [Internal State Scale-Activation Subscale (ISS-ACT); d = 0.3] to large [SF-12 Mental Health Composite Score (SF-12 MHC); d = 1.3]. ARM also showed moderate effects (ISS-ACT d = 0.7; Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, d = 0.8). SF-12 MHC scores showed a time*group interaction (F = 2.38, df = 6,32, p = 0.05) favoring RAY-CH. Number of logins trended toward significant association with improved social rhythm regularity (F = 4.09, df = 1, 17, p = 0.06). LIMITATIONS Sample size is small, limiting conclusions that can be drawn. CONCLUSIONS Remote delivery of RAY for individuals with BD is feasible and acceptable. More time spent engaged in RAY was associated with greater improvement in social rhythm regularity. Preliminary evidence suggests adding brief human support to RAY may yield better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Swartz
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Bruce L Rollman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Center for Behavioral Health, Media, and Technology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David C Mohr
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Samuel Sadow
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Statistics, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; now located at AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Ellen Frank
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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28
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Cossu G, Agus M, Atzori L, Aviles Gonzales CI, Minerba L, Ferreli C, Puxeddu R, Orrù G, Scano A, Romano F, Pintus E, Penna MP, Carta MG. Principal Component Analysis of the Social and Behavioral Rhythms Scale in elderly. J Public Health Res 2021; 11. [PMID: 34619859 PMCID: PMC8859713 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in social and behavioral rhythms (SBR) in elderly are related to health status. Nevertheless, there is no data on factor analysis of the Brief Social Rhythm Scale (BSRS) an internationally well-known tool in this field. The aim was to analyze, in elderly, the factorial structure of the Italian version of BSRS. DESIGN AND METHODS Principal Component Analysis of the BSRS carried out in elderly living at home. RESULTS Sample of 141 participants (83 Females, 58,9%), aged 72.3±4.8. All the items of the questionnaire were related and could compose a single factor, explaining 56% of variance. A solution adopting two factors, the first (including items 1,2,3,4,9,10), the second (including items 5,6,7,8), covered cumulatively 78.8% of the variance. CONCLUSION The study confirms that the BSRS is consistent with the idea for which it was built and can be useful for the study of regularity of SBR in old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Mirian Agus
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari.
| | - Laura Atzori
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | | | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | | | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari.
| | | | | | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
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29
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Huang Q, Wang X, Ge Y, Cai D. Relationship between self-efficacy, social rhythm, and mental health among college students: a 3-year longitudinal study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:9053-9062. [PMID: 34413621 PMCID: PMC8364412 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although many empirical studies have aimed to find variances in positive mental health among different groups and the relationship between mental health and other variables, few studies examined the developmental trend of mental health levels and the cross-lagged relationship between self-efficacy, social rhythm, and mental health. Furthermore, few of them explored the interrelationship between self-efficacy and social rhythm among college students over time. This study thus aimed to clarify the longitudinal cross-lagged relationship between self-efficacy, social rhythm, and positive mental health among college students. A total of 764 students (627 females, mean age 21.03 ± 0.84 years at T1) participated in a 3-year-long study (T1, T2, T3) and were asked to complete the General Self-Efficacy, the Brief Social Rhythm, and the Positive Mental Health Scales. The results indicate that the development of positive mental health among college students showed an upward trend during those 3 years. There was a significant relationship between positive mental health, social rhythm, and self-efficacy. Positive mental health and social rhythm significantly predicted self-efficacy in the following year. Positive mental health in T2 could predict both T3 social rhythm marginally and T3 self-efficacy significantly. However, T1 social rhythm was not indirectly associated with T3 mental health via T2 self-efficacy, and T1 self-efficacy was not indirectly associated with T3 mental health via T2 social rhythm. This finding clarified the relationship between positive mental health, self-efficacy, and social rhythm, and provided evidence that positive mental health is the basis for self-efficacy and social rhythm among young adults. Therefore, school psychologists in universities should pay close attention to the positive mental health of young adults to form high levels of self-efficacy and social rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongcui Huang
- Education College, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100, Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Education College, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100, Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjing Ge
- Education College, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100, Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China.,The Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Education College, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100, Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
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30
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Cossu G, Abbile Gonzalez CI, Minerba L, Demontis R, Pau M, Velluzzi F, Ferreli C, Atzori L, Machado S, Fortin D, Romano F, Carta MG. Exercise improves long-term social and behavioral rhythms in older adults: Did it play a role during the COVID-19 lockdown? J Public Health Res 2021; 11. [PMID: 34351101 PMCID: PMC8847954 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to verify whether exercise training in older adults can improve social behavioral rhythms (SBR) and if any modification is maintained over time. Older adults (n=120) from a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT), were randomly allocated to either a moderate-intensity exercise group or a control group. SBR was evaluated at t0, t26, and t48 weeks (during the COVID-19 lockdown), using the brief social rhythms scale (BSRS). Seventy-nine participants completed the follow-up (age 72.3±4.7, women 55.3%). An improvement in the BSRS score was found in the exercise group at 26 weeks (p=0.035) when the exercise program was concluded, and it was still maintained at 48 weeks (p=0.013). No improvements were observed in the control group. To conclude, social behavioral rhythms (SBR), previously found as a resilience factor in older adults during Covid-19, appear to improve after a moderate 12 weeks exercise program, and the improvement persisted even after stopping exercise during the COVID-19 lockdown. Significance for public health The pandemic condition, requiring community containment and social distancing has widely affected the population, especially older adults. However, improvement of social and behavioral rhythms (SBR) in the year before the Covid-19 lockdown were found as an important resilience factor, especially against the risk of depression. Current study suggests that a moderate 12 weeks exercise program improved SBR and that the benefits persisted even after stopping exercise during the COVID-19 lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | | | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Roberto Demontis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Massimiliano Pau
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari.
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Laura Atzori
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari.
| | - Sergio Machado
- Department of Sports and Methods Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM).
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Lifestyle Factors and Sleep Health across the Lifespan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126626. [PMID: 34202991 PMCID: PMC8296445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep health, operationalized as a multidimensional construct consisting of sleep regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration, is an emerging concept in the field of sleep medicine which warrants further investigation. The purpose of the present study was to: (1) compare sleep health across the lifespan, (2) determine lifestyle factors associated with sleep health, and (3) examine whether lifestyle factors associated with sleep health varied between and within age groups. Participants consisted of 3284 individuals (Mean age = 42.70; 45% male) who participated in a cross-sectional online survey of sleep and health. Sleep health was measured using the RU-SATED scale, while demographic and lifestyle factors (e.g., daily social media use, sedentary activity, fast food consumption, etc.) were all self-reported. Sleep health was the highest among older adults (M = 8.09) followed by middle-aged (M = 7.65) and younger adults (M = 7.16). Across age groups, fast-food consumption, daily regularity, and daily TV, social media, or internet use were all negatively correlated with sleep health (ps < 0.05). Few differences in the association between lifestyle factors and sleep health across age groups were found. Overall, these findings may help to inform sleep health promotion efforts by targeting the most pertinent lifestyle factors for promoting sleep health.
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Mækelæ MJ, Reggev N, Defelipe RP, Dutra N, Tamayo RM, Klevjer K, Pfuhl G. Identifying Resilience Factors of Distress and Paranoia During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Five Countries. Front Psychol 2021; 12:661149. [PMID: 34177713 PMCID: PMC8222673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has affected all countries with more than 100 million confirmed cases and over 2.1 million casualties by the end of January 2021 worldwide. A prolonged pandemic can harm global levels of optimism, regularity, and sense of meaning and belonging, yielding adverse effects on individuals' mental health as represented by worry, paranoia, and distress. Here we studied resilience, a successful adaptation despite risk and adversity, in five countries: Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Israel, and Norway. In April 2020, over 2,500 participants were recruited for an observational study measuring protective and obstructive factors for distress and paranoia. More than 800 of these participants also completed a follow-up study in July. We found that thriving, keeping a regular schedule, engaging in physical exercise and less procrastination served as factors protecting against distress and paranoia. Risk factors were financial worries and a negative mindset, e.g., feeling a lack of control. Longitudinally, we found no increase in distress or paranoia despite an increase in expectation of how long the outbreak and the restrictions will last, suggesting respondents engaged in healthy coping and adapting their lives to the new circumstances. Altogether, our data suggest that humans adapt even to prolonged stressful events. Our data further highlight several protective factors that policymakers should leverage when considering stress-reducing policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niv Reggev
- Department of Psychology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | | | - Natalia Dutra
- Evolution of Human Behavior Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M. Tamayo
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Kristoffer Klevjer
- Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gerit Pfuhl
- Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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O’Brien RP, Parra LA, Cederbaum JA. "Trying My Best": Sexual Minority Adolescents' Self-Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:1053-1058. [PMID: 33875330 PMCID: PMC8154726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in major life disruptions for sexual minority adolescents (SMAs), who already face and cope with pervasive and disproportionate rates of social, behavioral, and mental health challenges. Current research suggests that SMAs are struggling with COVID-19-related shelter in place orders navigating family proximity and dynamics and experiencing isolation from SMA-specific supports. Given identified challenges that may exacerbate known mental health disparities in SMAs, this work explores self-care practices among SMAs during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The present study uses data from open-ended questions to understand SMA experiences of self-care within a nationwide sample of SMAs (N = 770; M = 17.48 years, SD = 1.00) who are part of an ongoing prospective study. Data were collected via online questionnaire between May 13 and 31, 2020. Thematic analysis guided data exploration. RESULTS Thematic analysis revealed five self-care practices among SMAs: (1) relationships, (2) routines, (3) body and mind, (4) rest and reset, and (5) tuning out. SMAs engaged in many positive coping strategies (i.e., exercise, establishing routine) and often linked these activities to positive well-being. Other SMAs engaged in activities to distract or disengage from stressors (i.e., excessive TV and alcohol and drug use). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the resiliency of SMAs during the current pandemic, opportunities for providers to emphasize adaptive coping skills with youths, and the need for more research on adolescent self-care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory P. O’Brien
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California
| | - Luis A. Parra
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California
| | - Julie A. Cederbaum
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California
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Carta MG, Cossu G, Pintus E, Zoccheddu R, Callia O, Conti G, Pintus M, Gonzalez CIA, Massidda MV, Mura G, Sardu C, Contu P, Minerba L, Demontis R, Pau M, Finco G, Cocco E, Penna MP, Orrù G, Kalcev G, Cabras F, Lorrai S, Loviselli A, Velluzzi F, Monticone M, Cacace E, Musu M, Rongioletti F, Cauli A, Ruggiero V, Scano A, Crisafulli A, Cosentino S, Atzori L, Massa E, Mela Q, Fortin D, Migliaccio G, Nardi AE, Angermeyer M, Preti A. Active elderly and health-can moderate exercise improve health and wellbeing in older adults? Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:331. [PMID: 33962664 PMCID: PMC8103665 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is marked by a progressive rise in chronic diseases with an impact on social and healthcare costs. Physical activity (PA) may soothe the inconveniences related to chronic diseases, has positive effects on the quality of life and biological rhythms, and can prevent the decline in motor functions and the consequent falls, which are associated with early death and disability in older adults. Methods We randomized 120 over-65 males and females into groups of similar size and timing and will give each either moderate physical activity or cultural and recreational activities. Being younger than 65 years, inability to participate in physical activity for any medical reason, and involvement in a massive program of physical exercise are the exclusion criteria. The primary outcome measures are: quality of life, walking speed, and postural sway. Participants are tested at baseline, post-treatment, and 6-month (24 weeks) and 12-month (48 weeks) follow-ups. Discussion This study aims at improving the quality of life, wellness, and cognitive functioning in the elderly through a low-cost affordable program of moderate physical activity. Given the growing aging of the world population and the social and economic burden of disability in the elderly, our results might have a major impact on future practices. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03858114. Registered on 28 February 2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05278-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zoccheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Omar Callia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirra Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gioia Mura
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Sardu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Demontis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pau
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria meccanica, chimica e dei materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Petronilla Penna
- Dipartimento di Pedagogia, psicologia, filosofia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Goce Kalcev
- International PhD in Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Cabras
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorrai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Monticone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Cacace
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Musu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Vita-Salute - S. Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Ruggiero
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sofia Cosentino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Atzori
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Massa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Quirico Mela
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Fortin
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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The Rhythm is Gonna Get You: Social Rhythms, Sleep, Depressive, and Anxiety Symptoms. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:197-203. [PMID: 33735764 PMCID: PMC8058264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social rhythmicity refers to the regularity with which one engages in social and lifestyle activities. Social rhythms have important implications for health and well-being including the prevention and treatment of mental health disorders. Existing research on social rhythmicity has focused on the link with bipolar disorder and, to a lesser extent, with depression. However, it is unclear how social rhythms are tied to anxiety disorders or what might mediate this association. Sleep shows potential as an underlying link, particularly sleep behaviors and sleep thoughts. METHODS The current study used a sample of 3,284 adults to examine the role of sleep thoughts and behaviors as mediators of the association between social rhythms and mental health symptoms of depression and anxiety. RESULTS Parallel mediation models revealed that greater social rhythmicity is directly associated with fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms, and that healthier sleep behaviors and thoughts mediate this association. LIMITATIONS This study used cross-sectional data and was limited in racial and ethnic diversity. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the critical role lifestyle regularity plays in depressive and anxious symptom pathology in a large sample of adults across the lifespan. Results also highlight the complementary roles for both sleep behaviors and thoughts by demonstrating their concurrent links between regularity and mental health. Future work is needed to further disentangle the association of these constructs with mental health.
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Çeçen AR, Vatandaşlar SE. Psychometric Properties of the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-Scale) Among Turkish University Students. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: The PMH-scale is a person-centered, brief and psychometrically sound scale measuring positive mental health. Considering the practicality of the scale and the good psychometric properties reported previously, the adaptation of the PMH-scale to Turkish may provide professionals and researchers a beneficial tool to assess well-being. Aims: This study was designed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Scale among Turkish university students by utilizing a cross-sectional correlational survey model. Method: For the adaptation of the scale, different validity and reliability tests were performed. Confirmatory factor analysis was run for construct validity. Convergent validity was assessed by examining relations of the scale with Life Orientation Test, Short Depression-Happiness Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Reliability was assessed with internal consistency and composite reliability. Measurement invariance across genders was tested through Structural Equation Modelling. Results: Validity and reliability analyses provided satisfactory results. Results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that current data fit the original unidimensional model. Besides, measurement invariance analysis provided validity evidence in terms of gender invariance. Limitations: Findings of the present study were limited to university students, most of whom were female. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Turkish Positive Mental Health Scale was found to be valid and reliable in the sample of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe R. Çeçen
- Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Senem E. Vatandaşlar
- Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how those with bipolar disorder (BD) have been affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to obtain a more detailed understanding of the current mental health needs of these individuals, which is important for both the development of intervention strategies to better manage patient distress and to better prepare for similar circumstances in future. METHODS The sample comprised 43 individuals with a verified diagnosis of BD and 24 healthy controls. Data about pandemic-related mental health support use, socio-demographics, mood, lifestyle, social rhythm and subjective cognitive dysfunction data were collected and compared between groups. Inter-relationships between scores were also examined. RESULTS No between-group differences were found in terms of age, sex, living situation, job loss or reduced work hours due to COVID-19. Most patients with BD reported a history of ongoing formal psychological support (68.3%), with most continuing this support throughout the pandemic (82.1%). A large, statistically significant pandemic-related increase in subjective cognitive dysfunction was evident in the BD group. Subjective cognitive dysfunction was significantly associated with negative symptomology, suicidal thoughts, and quality of life ratings. LIMITATIONS Data was collected in self-report format in an online survey and objective symptom measures were not used at this time CONCLUSION: The absenceof substantial differences between patients and controls in terms of mood symptoms, COVID-19 fear or lifestyle factors and social rhythms suggests a degree of resilience in BD patients; despite large pandemic related increases in subjective cognitive dysfunction.
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Platt JM, Bates L, Jager J, McLaughlin KA, Keyes KM. Is the US Gender Gap in Depression Changing Over Time? A Meta-Regression. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1190-1206. [PMID: 33423055 PMCID: PMC8484777 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The depression gap refers to higher rates of depression among women than men. Change in the depression gap over time might elucidate social causes of this disparity-such as unequal college attendance or employment status. We conducted a meta-regression analysis to estimate variation in the depression gap over time by age, accounting for potential sources of variation between studies. Electronic databases and bibliographies were searched for English-language studies from January 1980 through October 2019; 144 independent estimates from US-representative samples met selection criteria (n = 813,189). The depression gap was summarized as prevalence ratios among studies using diagnostic instruments and as standardized mean differences among symptom-based studies. Primary study measures were baseline study year (range, 1982-2017) and age (age groups ranging, in years, from 10-59 and 60 or older). Compared with respondents aged ≥60 years, depression prevalence was greater among respondents aged 10-19 (prevalence ratio = 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.56). Over time, the depression gap did not change among adults, but it increased among adolescents (age-by-time interaction prevalence ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.08). Results were similar for symptom-based studies. The present study finds no evidence of a change in the depression gender gap for US adults; however, the gap increased among adolescents. Greater attention to factors driving this widening disparity in adolescent depression is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Platt
- Correspondence to Dr. Jonathan M. Platt, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 (e-mail: )
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Murray G, Gottlieb J, Swartz HA. Maintaining Daily Routines to Stabilize Mood: Theory, Data, and Potential Intervention for Circadian Consequences of COVID-19. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 66:9-13. [PMID: 32909832 PMCID: PMC7890582 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720957825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, 3783Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Gottlieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 3270Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Holly A Swartz
- Department of Psychiatry, 6614University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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40
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Shaw A. Potential Mechanisms of COVID-19-Related Psychological Problems and Mental Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1318:727-735. [PMID: 33973208 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread, so has the psychological impact of the disease been felt worldwide. Despite this, the mechanisms of COVID-19-related psychological problems and mental disorders remain unclear. As such, effective therapeutic schemes or intervention strategies cannot be developed. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a theoretical basis of psychological problems and mental disorders related to public health emergencies such as COVID-19. Herein, the potential mechanisms of occurrence and development of COVID-19-related psychological problems and mental disorders have been discussed from two angles: the pandemic as a public health emergency itself and the extensive quarantine situation during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Shaw
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Beijing, China.
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Yang M, He P, Xu X, Li D, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang B, Wang W, Zhao M, Lin H, Deng M, Deng T, Kuang L, Chen D. Disrupted rhythms of life, work and entertainment and their associations with psychological impacts under the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in 5854 Chinese people with different sociodemographic backgrounds. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250770. [PMID: 33999924 PMCID: PMC8128272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the life and work of people worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the rhythm disruptions of life, work, and entertainment, and their associations with the psychological impacts during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted from the 10th to 17th March 2020 in China. A structured e-questionnaire containing general information, the Chinese version of Brief Social Rhythm Scale, and Zung's self-rating scales of depression and anxiety (SDS and SAS) was posted and collected online through a public media (i.e. EQxiu online questionnaire platform). Scores in sleeping, getting up, and socializing (SGS) rhythm and eating, physical practice, and entertainment (EPE) rhythm were compared among and between participants with different sociodemographic backgrounds including gender, age, education, current occupation, annual income, health status, and chronic disease status. Correlations of SDS and SAS with SGS-scale and EPE-scale were also analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 5854 participants were included. There were significant differences in the scores of SGS-scale and EPE-scale among people with different sociodemographic backgrounds. The scores were significantly higher in the groups with female gender, low education level, lower or higher than average income, poor health status, ages of 26-30 years or older than 61 years, nurses and subjects with divorce or widow status. There were also significant differences in SAS and SDS scores among people with different sociodemographic backgrounds (all P< 0.05). The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety was 24.3% and 12.6%, respectively, with nurses having the highest rates of depression (32.94%) and anxiety (18.98%) among the different occupational groups. SGS-scale was moderately correlated with SDS and SAS, and disruption of SGS rhythm was an independent risk factor for depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION Social rhythm disruption was independently associated with depression and anxiety. Interventions should be applied to people vulnerable to the rhythm disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Statistics, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DC); (LK); (TD); (MD)
| | - Tianwei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Three Gorges Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DC); (LK); (TD); (MD)
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DC); (LK); (TD); (MD)
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DC); (LK); (TD); (MD)
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Murray G, Gottlieb J, Hidalgo MP, Etain B, Ritter P, Skene DJ, Garbazza C, Bullock B, Merikangas K, Zipunnikov V, Shou H, Gonzalez R, Scott J, Geoffroy PA, Frey BN. Measuring circadian function in bipolar disorders: Empirical and conceptual review of physiological, actigraphic, and self-report approaches. Bipolar Disord 2020; 22:693-710. [PMID: 32564457 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in biological clock pathways in bipolar disorders (BD) continues to grow, but there has yet to be an audit of circadian measurement tools for use in BD research and practice. PROCEDURE The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Chronobiology Task Force conducted a critical integrative review of circadian methods that have real-world applicability. Consensus discussion led to the selection of three domains to review-melatonin assessment, actigraphy, and self-report. RESULTS Measurement approaches used to quantify circadian function in BD are described in sufficient detail for researchers and clinicians to make pragmatic decisions about their use. A novel integration of the measurement literature is offered in the form of a provisional taxonomy distinguishing between circadian measures (the instruments and methods used to quantify circadian function, such as dim light melatonin onset) and circadian constructs (the biobehavioral processes to be measured, such as circadian phase). CONCLUSIONS Circadian variables are an important target of measurement in clinical practice and biomarker research. To improve reproducibility and clinical application of circadian constructs, an informed systematic approach to measurement is required. We trust that this review will decrease ambiguity in the literature and support theory-based consideration of measurement options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Gottlieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Chicago Psychiatry Associates, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Etain
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique and INSERM UMRS 1144, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-universitaire AP-HP Nord, Paris, France
| | - Philipp Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Debra J Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Corrado Garbazza
- Centre for Chronobiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Bullock
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haochang Shou
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Jan Scott
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, France
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Margraf J, Zhang XC, Lavallee KL, Schneider S. Longitudinal prediction of positive and negative mental health in Germany, Russia, and China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234997. [PMID: 32574202 PMCID: PMC7310683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examines a broad range of longitudinal predictors of dimensional positive mental health (PMH) and negative mental health (NMH), using data from the BOOM study. Participants were drawn from university student samples in Germany (1,608), Russia (677) and China (12,057). A structural equation model was conducted with four groups of predictors and PMH/NMH as criteria (outcomes). Five of the six salutogenic predictors were predictive of both positive mental health (positively) and negative mental health, as measured by depression (negatively). Pathogenic predictors anxiety and depression were related to future depression, but not to positive mental health. Stress at baseline was related to both future positive mental health (negatively) and future depression (positively). Being male in this study was associated with increased future depression. Results hold across Germany, Russia, and China. Results support the conceptualization of positive and negative mental health as related, but independent dimensions across three cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiao Chi Zhang
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kristen L. Lavallee
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Faulkner SM, Bee PE, Meyer N, Dijk DJ, Drake RJ. Light therapies to improve sleep in intrinsic circadian rhythm sleep disorders and neuro-psychiatric illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 46:108-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lavallee K, Zhang XC, Michalak J, Schneider S, Margraf J. Vegetarian diet and mental health: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in culturally diverse samples. J Affect Disord 2019; 248:147-154. [PMID: 30731282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetarianism is linked with better physical health, but also to increased anxiety and depression. The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between vegetarianism and both positive and negative mental health, across cultures and over time. METHOD Self-report questionnaire data were obtained from a large-scale multi-national cross-sectional sample including 2007 representative adult members of the German population, 3020 representative adults from Russia, and 3038 representative adults from the USA. Participants for the longitudinal analyses include university students from Germany (1608) and China (12,744). Statistical models included multiple linear regression, longitudinal linear models and longitudinal logistic models. RESULTS Vegetarianism diet is not reliably related to positive or negative mental health in US and Russian representative samples or in German representative or student samples. Vegetarianism is related to slight increases over time in anxiety and depression in Chinese students. CONCLUSIONS Vegetarianism is not associated with mental health in the US, Russia, or Germany, but is associated with anxiety and depression in China in this study. Future studies should examine the nuances of vegetarianism in more detail and their links with mental health, including dietary composition and cultural beliefs and economic circumstances. Future researchers in this area may also want to consider the effects of experimental manipulation of diet on mental health outcomes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Lavallee
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Xiao Chi Zhang
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Silvia Schneider
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Bochum, Germany.
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46
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Positive mental health moderates the association between suicide ideation and suicide attempts. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:246-249. [PMID: 30415123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive mental health (PMH) has been shown to confer resilience against suicide ideation. However, it is unclear, whether PMH also buffers the relationship between suicide ideation and suicide attempts. The current study aimed to determine whether PMH moderates the association between lifetime suicide ideation and lifetime suicide attempts. METHODS A total of 199 psychiatric inpatients with lifetime suicide attempts (female: n = 109; age: M = 37.56, SD = 14.38, range: 18-81) were interviewed on lifetime suicide ideation/behavior and completed a measure on PMH. RESULTS PMH moderated the impact of lifetime suicide ideation on lifetime suicide attempts: For those individuals who reported high levels of PMH, the rate of lifetime suicide attempts was reduced even when experiencing frequent episodes of lifetime suicide ideation. LIMITATIONS Given the cross-sectional nature of the data, conclusions on causality should be handled carefully. CONCLUSION PMH seems to confer resilience and should be taken into account, when assessing individuals for suicide risk.
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Chung KF, Poon YPYP, Ng TK, Kan CK. Correlates of sleep irregularity in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:705-714. [PMID: 30551313 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption, manifested as circadian misalignment, difficulty initiating sleep, and sleep-wake irregularity, is often left unrecognized in patients with schizophrenia. Studies have shown multiple adverse consequences of sleep irregularity, but limited data is available on schizophrenia. This is a secondary analysis of a case-control study of 66 schizophrenia patients with delayed sleep-wake phase (with or without meeting criteria for the disorder) and normal sleep-wake phase (mean age = 44.08 years; 45.45% males). Potential correlates included sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, social rhythms, chronotype, psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial functioning, metabolic index, cognitive function, and sociodemographic, lifestyle and pharmacological factors. Square successive difference (SSD) scores, derived from 1-week sleep diary and actigraphy, were indexes of sleep irregularity. Multilevel modeling analysis, with SSD scores as level-1 measures and the hypothesized correlates as level-2 measures, was performed. Statistical significance was Bonferroni-adjusted. Higher SSD scores of sleep diary and actigraphy variables were significantly associated with positive and depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, irregular social rhythm, evening chronotype, delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, later caffeine use and dinner time, greater cigarette use, and lower dosages of hypnotics and antipsychotics. Our findings highlight the implications of sleep irregularity in schizophrenia and the need for a multimodal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Fai Chung
- Department of Psychiatry and Center on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | - Ting-Kin Ng
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chui-Kwan Kan
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Velten J, Bieda A, Scholten S, Wannemüller A, Margraf J. Lifestyle choices and mental health: a longitudinal survey with German and Chinese students. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:632. [PMID: 29769115 PMCID: PMC5956886 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy lifestyle can be beneficial for one's mental health. Thus, identifying healthy lifestyle choices that promote psychological well-being and reduce mental problems is useful to prevent mental disorders. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the predictive values of a broad range of lifestyle choices for positive mental health (PMH) and mental health problems (MHP) in German and Chinese students. METHOD Data were assessed at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Samples included 2991 German (Mage = 21.69, SD = 4.07) and 12,405 Chinese (Mage = 20.59, SD = 1.58) university students. Lifestyle choices were body mass index, frequency of physical and mental activities, frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetarian diet, and social rhythm irregularity. PMH and MHP were measured with the Positive Mental Health Scale and a 21-item version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. The predictive values of lifestyle choices for PMH and MHP at baseline and follow-up were assessed with single-group and multi-group path analyses. RESULTS Better mental health (higher PMH and fewer MHP) at baseline was predicted by a lower body mass index, a higher frequency of physical and mental activities, non-smoking, a non-vegetarian diet, and a more regular social rhythm. When controlling for baseline mental health, age, and gender, physical activity was a positive predictor of PMH, smoking was a positive predictor of MHP, and a more irregular social rhythm was a positive predictor of PMH and a negative predictor of MHP at follow-up. The good fit of a multi-group model indicated that most lifestyle choices predict mental health comparably across samples. Some country-specific effects emerged: frequency of alcohol consumption, for example, predicted better mental health in German and poorer mental health in Chinese students. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underline the importance of healthy lifestyle choices for improved psychological well-being and fewer mental health difficulties. Effects of lifestyle on mental health are comparable in German and Chinese students. Some healthy lifestyle choices (i.e., more frequent physical activity, non-smoking, regular social rhythm) are related to improvements in mental health over a 1-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Velten
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Angela Bieda
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Saskia Scholten
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - André Wannemüller
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
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Brailovskaia J, Margraf J. What does media use reveal about personality and mental health? An exploratory investigation among German students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191810. [PMID: 29370275 PMCID: PMC5784983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits, mental health variables and media use among German students. The data of 633 participants were collected. Results indicate a positive association between general Internet use, general use of social platforms and Facebook use, on the one hand, and self-esteem, extraversion, narcissism, life satisfaction, social support and resilience, on the other hand. Use of computer games was found to be negatively related to these personality and mental health variables. The use of platforms that focus more on written interaction (Twitter, Tumblr) was assumed to be negatively associated with positive mental health variables and significantly positively with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. In contrast, Instagram use, which focuses more on photo-sharing, correlated positively with positive mental health variables. Possible practical implications of the present results for mental health, as well as the limitations of the present work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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50
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Brailovskaia J, Bierhoff HW, Margraf J. How to Identify Narcissism With 13 Items? Validation of the German Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13 (G-NPI-13). Assessment 2017; 26:630-644. [PMID: 29117708 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117740625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Four studies investigated the construct validity of the brief version of the German Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13 (G-NPI-13). Study 1 ( N = 603) confirmed the three-factor structure of the G-NPI-13 and its associations with the NPI-40 and the NPI-16. In Study 2 ( N = 438), the convergent and discriminant validity of the G-NPI-13 was analyzed by investigating its relationships with the "Big Five," self-esteem, and mental health variables (depression, anxiety, stress symptoms; life satisfaction, happiness, social support). Study 3 ( N = 118) provided further support for the convergence between the G-NPI-13 and the NPI-40 by investigating their associations with vulnerable narcissism, self-monitoring, and mental health. In Study 4 ( N = 82), the 1-year test-retest reliability (three measurement time points) of the G-NPI-13 was investigated. Taken together, the G-NPI-13 is a valid, reliable, and economical instrument for measuring the personality trait narcissism. Possible practical applications and limitations of the G-NPI-13 are discussed.
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