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Garolla A, Graziani A, Grande G, Ortolani C, Ferlin A. HPV-related diseases in male patients: an underestimated conundrum. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:261-274. [PMID: 37770654 PMCID: PMC10859347 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease, in males and females worldwide. While the role of HPV in female diseases is well known and largely studied, males have negligibly been included in these programs, also because the proportion of women suffering and dying from HPV-related diseases is much larger than men. The aim of this review is to focus on HPV-related diseases in male patients. METHODS We performed a literature analysis on the electronic database PubMed. We considered randomized trials, observational and retrospective studies, original articles having as topic the relationship between HPV male infection and the following items: oral, anal penile cancers, warts, condylomas, male infertility, altered sperm parameters, anti-sperm antibodies (ASA). We also included experimental in vitro studies focused on the effects of HPV infection on oocyte fertilization, blastocyst development, and trophoblastic cell invasiveness. In addition, studies describing the adjuvant administration of the HPV vaccination as a possible strategy to promote HPV clearance from semen in infected males were included. RESULTS Regarding head and neck HPV-related diseases, the most important non-neoplastic disease is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Regarding neoplastic diseases, the proportion of head and neck cancers attributable to HPV has increased dramatically worldwide. In addition, nowadays, it is thought that half of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) cases in the United States are caused by infection with high-risk HPV. HPV is noteworthy in andrological practice too. It was described as having a high HPV prevalence, ranging between 50 and 70%, in male penile shaft, glans penis/coronal sulcus, semen as well as in scrotal, perianal, and anal regions. Moreover, in male patients, HPV infection has been associated, among other diseases, with penile cancers. HPV semen infection has been reported in about 10% in men from the general population and about 16% in men with unexplained infertility, although these data seem widely underestimated according to clinical experience. In particular, HPV semen infection seems to be most related to asthenozoospermia and to anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs). CONCLUSIONS HPV infection represents a health problem with a detrimental social and public impact. Despite this evidence, little has been done to date to widely promote vaccination among young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garolla
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - A Graziani
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - G Grande
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - C Ortolani
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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2
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Kusters JMA, Brouwer JGM, van Benthem BHB, Heijne JCM, Schim van der Loeff MF. Global Type-Specific Genital Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Men, by Sexual Orientation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1023-1032. [PMID: 37079383 PMCID: PMC10582913 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on genital type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among men is important for prevention of HPV-related cancers and other diseases. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have higher anal prevalence than men who have sex with women only (MSW) but for genital HPV this is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of type-specific genital HPV prevalence among men, by sexual orientation. METHODS MEDLINE and Embase were used for searching publications reporting on male genital HPV prevalence with data from November 2011 onwards. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted estimating pooled type-specific and grouped external genital and urethral HPV prevalence. Subgroup analyses were conducted for sexual orientation. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were eligible. Of those, 13 studies reported prevalence among MSM, 5 among MSW, and 13 studies did not stratify by sexual orientation. The most common genotypes were HPV-6 and HPV-16 for both anatomical locations, although heterogeneity was high. HPV prevalence was similar among studies reporting on MSW, MSM, and men with unknown sexual orientation. CONCLUSIONS Genital HPV is common among men, with HPV-6 and HPV-16 being the most common genotypes. Type-specific HPV genital prevalence appears to be similar among MSM and MSW, which contrasts with earlier findings on anal HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M A Kusters
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jesca G M Brouwer
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Birgit H B van Benthem
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke C M Heijne
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Carnalla M, Rojas-Martínez R, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Allen-Leigh B, León-Maldonado L, Gutiérrez-Xicoténcatl L, Portillo-Romero AJ, Nyitray AG, Salmerón J, Giuliano AR, Lazcano-Ponce E. Prevalence and development of a risk score for oral human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men in Mexico. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:751-757. [PMID: 37525481 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for oral human papillomavirus (HPV infection). There are no specific screening guidelines to facilitate the identification of people at risk for oral HPV infection. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral high-risk HPV and create a risk score to identify MSM at higher risk for prevalent oral HPV. METHODS We collected baseline data from a clinical trial from a subsample of 500 MSM attending sexually transmitted disease treatment clinics; they provided an oral gargle sample for high-risk HPV detection. We calculated oral high-risk HPV prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), used a logistic regression model to identify factors associated with high-risk HPV infection, and created a risk score. RESULTS The prevalence of any oral high-risk HPV among MSM was 11.1% (95% CI: 8.6-14.2), with a higher prevalence observed among men living with HIV (14.8%). Factors independently associated with oral high-risk HPV were age ≥40 years (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.28-5.73 compared to <40 years), being HIV-positive with CD4 count 200-499 (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.34-5.65 compared to HIV-negative), and recent recreational use of vasodilators (poppers/sildenafil) (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.02-2.97). The risk score had good discriminatory power (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.63-0.77). CONCLUSIONS MSM have specific predictors for prevalent oral high-risk HPV, and a risk score could be used by clinicians to target men with vaccine recommendations and counseling, and identify those who could benefit from primary interventions given the available resources, or for referral to dental services for follow-up when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Carnalla
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Rojas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Betania Allen-Leigh
- Dirección de Salud Reproductiva, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Leith León-Maldonado
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Gutiérrez-Xicoténcatl
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Alan G Nyitray
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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4
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Meites E, Wilkin TJ, Markowitz LE. Review of human papillomavirus (HPV) burden and HPV vaccination for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in the United States. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2016007. [PMID: 35294325 PMCID: PMC8993076 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2016007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women, particularly those who are living with HIV, are disproportionately affected by human papillomavirus (HPV). For this narrative review of HPV health outcomes and vaccination for gay, bisexual, and other MSM and transgender women in the United States, we highlighted 71 publications regarding 1) burden of HPV infections and related diseases; 2) HPV vaccine efficacy; 3) HPV vaccination recommendations; 4) HPV vaccination coverage; 5) real-world vaccine effectiveness and health impacts; and 6) HPV vaccination acceptability. Vaccination is effective at reducing HPV infections among MSM; in the United States, routine HPV vaccination is recommended for all adolescents at age 11-12 years and for all persons through age 26 years. Efforts are ongoing to increase vaccination coverage and monitor health impacts of vaccination. Increasing vaccination coverage before sexual exposure to HPV is expected to reduce the burden of HPV-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Meites
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy J Wilkin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men living in Lower Silesia, Poland. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2022; 39:1128-1133. [PMID: 36686024 PMCID: PMC9837593 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2022.122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and is associated with the risk of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at a high risk of HPV infection. However, little up-to-date data are available regarding the prevalence of HIV and HPV co-infection in MSM in Poland. Aim To evaluate the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors for HPV infection among HIV-positive MSM living in Lower Silesia. Material and methods A total of 54 HIV-positive and 28 HIV-negative MSM participated in the study. The polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect HPV from oral and anal swabs. A self-applied written questionnaire was conducted to collect sociodemographic and behavioural data. Results The prevalence rates of oral and anal HPV infection were higher in HIV-infected MSM than in HIV-negative MSM. Statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of high oncogenic genotypes, HPV 16 and HPV 18, at the anal site was significantly higher in patients with lower CD4 cell counts, in addition, HPV 18 infection was significantly more frequent in patients with higher levels of HIV RNA. Moreover, HPV 33 and HPV 52 at the anal site were significantly more common in patients with lower nadir CD4. Conclusions This is the first report of HPV infection among Polish HIV-infected MSM. Our results show that HIV-related immunodeficiency is associated with a higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infections, therefore early detection of HIV infection and initiation of antiretroviral therapy might reduce the risk of HPV-related diseases.
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Nemcova J, Riegert J, Cerna K, Rob F, Smahelova J, Hercogova JT, Martinek P, Ondic O. Prevalence of oral and anal human papillomavirus infection in Czech predominantly Human immunodeficiency virus-positive men having sex with men - data from a previously unreported population. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:1054-1064. [PMID: 36073929 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221123869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are more likely to experience human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The persistent HPV infection is the major factor in the development of anal and oropharyngeal neoplasms. Data on the prevalence of anal and oral HPV in MSM are almost absent from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. We conducted a cross-sectional study focused on the prevalence of oral and anal HPV infections and the relationship between current anal and oral HPV intrapersonal infection in a Czech population of predominantly HIV-positive MSM. Methods: Oral gargle and anal swab samples from 205 predominantly HIV-positive MSM from the Czech Republic were analysed for HPV infection using PCR. Selected sociodemographic and clinical data were correlated with HPV detection using generalized linear models and multivariate analysis. Results: HPV infection was detected in 183 (96.8%) anal and 48 (23.6%) oral samples. The most common type of HR-HPV was HPV16 in both anal (25.4%) and oral (2.5%) samples. Multiple anal HPV infections and the presence of vaccine-targeted HR-HPV types were significantly correlated with abnormal anal cytology and HIV status. Conclusion: The prevalence of anal HPV infection in Czech predominantly HIV-positive MSM ranks among the highest reported, while oral HPV prevalence is consistent with MSM populations. Minimal overlap of oral and anal HPV types within a patient was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Nemcova
- Biomedical Center of the Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Sikl's Department of Pathology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Riegert
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, 48271University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cerna
- Biomedical Center of the Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Sikl's Department of Pathology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Rob
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Bulovka University Hospital, 60568Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Smahelova
- National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses and Polyomaviruses, 48231Institute Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, 112302Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Tresnak Hercogova
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Bulovka University Hospital, 60568Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Martinek
- 524358Biopticka Laborator s.r.o., Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Ondic
- Biomedical Center of the Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Sikl's Department of Pathology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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7
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Exploratory study of an oral screening dysplasia program for HIV-infected men who have sex with men. AIDS 2022; 36:1383-1391. [PMID: 35730367 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk to develop human papilloma virus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer. The aim of our study was to assess the usefulness of a pilot oral dysplasia screening program and its correlation with an anal dysplasia screening program. METHODS This was a prospective study with HIV-infected MSM. Oral and anal screenings were performed based on HPV determination, liquid cytology, direct and microscopy oral examinations, high-resolution anoscopy and biopsies, if necessary. RESULTS A total of 103 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 44.6 years, 55.3% were smokers, and 57.3% had a history of previous anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs).The prevalence of oral HPV infections was 14% (9% HPV-high risk), the prevalence of abnormal cytology was 25.2%, and in 4.8% of the patients, oral examinations showed suspicious HSILs. Oral microscopy did not detect additional lesions that visual inspection. Five oral biopsies were performed and the results were normal. No risk factors for oral HPV infections were identified.The prevalence of anal HPV infections was 88.3% (76.7% HPV-high risk), 52.9% of the patients had altered cytology, and in 45.6% anoscopy showed changes suggestive of HSILs. Seventy-two anal biopsies were performed, detecting 25 cases of HSILs (24.3%).A poor correlation was observed between oral and anal HPV infections (κ = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of oral HPV infections, abnormal cytology and lesions in HIV-infected MSM was low, and their correlation with anal HPV-related lesions was slight. These results confirm the current barriers to oral dysplasia screening techniques.
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Mistry HB, Lebelo RL, Matshonyonge F, Nchabeleng M, Mathebula M, Bogers JP, Wood NH. Oral and oropharyngeal high-risk HPV prevalence, HIV status, and risk behaviours in a cohort of South African men who have sex with men. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9:129-141. [PMID: 35071673 PMCID: PMC8755955 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2022010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Data lag is evident when observing studies focussing on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the head and neck of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Southern Africa. Sexual behaviours other than anal intercourse, and associated factors are similarly underreported. HPV vaccination has not yet commenced for this population group. One hundred and ninety-nine MSM were enrolled in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire followed by a clinical oral examination, and a rinse-and-gargle specimen in Thinprep® vials containing Preservcyt® solution was collected. Detection and genotyping for high-risk HPV were done by an automated system (Abbott® m2000sp). Six percent of MSM in this cohort had high-risk HPV present in the mouth/oropharynx. This cohort averages 29 years of age, more than half were unemployed (53.3%), and 66.8% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive. The most common sexual practice was anal sex (69.4%) followed by oral sex (28.6%), and by rimming (9.6%). A significant association between oral insertive sex and oral/oropharyngeal HPV status was demonstrated (p = 0.0038; phi coefficient = 0.20). An incidental but significant association between rimming and HIV status was found (p = 0.0046; phi coefficient = 0.19), and HIV seropositive participants had higher oral/oropharyngeal HPV presence. The HPV prevalence of 6% reported in this study is in alignment with global reports. The prevalence of oral/oropharyngeal HPV in this MSM cohort was influenced by sexual practices. MSM participants who practiced rimming appear to be at higher risk of HIV acquisition. Given the transmission routes of HPV in this vulnerable population, vaccination must be urgently studied as an intervention for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita B Mistry
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Oral Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ramokone L Lebelo
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, National Health Laboratory service, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fulufhelo Matshonyonge
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, National Health Laboratory service, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maphoshane Nchabeleng
- Department of Microbiology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Matsontso Mathebula
- Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - John-Paul Bogers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Applied Molecular Biology Research Group (AMBIOR), Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Neil H Wood
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Oral Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Yaya I, Boyer V, Ehlan PA, Coulibaly A, Agboyibor MK, Traoré I, Kouamé MJB, Maiga AK, Kotchi OR, Nyasenu YT, Maradan G, Rojas-Castro D, Diallo F, Anoma C, Dah TTE, Mensah E, Dembélé Keita B, Spire B, Dagnra CA, Laurent C. Heterogeneity in the Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men in West Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:2184-2192. [PMID: 33606001 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We assessed (i) the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and associated factors, and (ii) the prevalence of vaccine-preventable HPV infections in MSM in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Togo. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017-2018 among MSM ≥18 years old followed in community-based clinics. HPV infection was investigated in oral and anal samples using the e-BRID system. Factors associated with HR-HPV infection were identified using multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS Among 631 participants, 425 were HIV-negative and 206 HIV-positive. HR-HPV prevalence ranged from 9.2% to 34.8% in the former, and 33.3% to 71.0% in the latter, according to the study country. In multivariate analysis, HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.48-5.27) and study country (4.73, 2.66-8.43 for Mali; 3.12, 1.68-5.80 for Burkina Faso; 3.51, 1.92-6.42 for Togo) were associated with HR-HPV infection. Other associated factors were low educational level, self-defined homosexual identity, and condomless anal sex. The prevalence of infections which can be prevented with bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent vaccines was 5.9, 27.1, and 34.6% in HIV-negative participants, and 18.9, 43.7, and 54.9% in HIV-positive participants, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HR-HPV prevalence was very heterogeneous between the study countries in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM. Vaccine-preventable HPV infections predominated. Vaccination should be proposed to young MSM to reduce the burden of HPV infection in this vulnerable population and their female partners in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issifou Yaya
- IRD, Inserm, University Montpellier, TransVIHMI, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Boyer
- IRD, Inserm, University Montpellier, TransVIHMI, Montpellier, France
| | - Phyllis Amivi Ehlan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Issa Traoré
- Association African Solidarité, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Yawo Tufa Nyasenu
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | | | | | - Ter Tiero Elias Dah
- IRD, Inserm, University Montpellier, TransVIHMI, Montpellier, France.,Association African Solidarité, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institut National de Santé Publique, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Bruno Spire
- University Aix Marseille, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
| | - Claver Anoumou Dagnra
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Christian Laurent
- IRD, Inserm, University Montpellier, TransVIHMI, Montpellier, France
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10
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Kamolratanakul S, Pitisuttithum P. Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness against Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121413. [PMID: 34960159 PMCID: PMC8706722 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, with 15 HPV types related to cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. However, cervical cancer remains one of the most common cancers in women, especially in developing countries. Three HPV vaccines have been licensed: bivalent (Cervarix, GSK, Rixensart, Belgium), quadrivalent (Merck, Sharp & Dome (Merck & Co, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA)), and nonavalent (Merck, Sharp & Dome (Merck & Co, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA)). The current HPV vaccine recommendations apply to 9 years old and above through the age of 26 years and adults aged 27–45 years who might be at risk of new HPV infection and benefit from vaccination. The primary target population for HPV vaccination recommended by the WHO is girls aged 9–14 years, prior to their becoming sexually active, to undergo a two-dose schedule and girls ≥ 15 years of age, to undergo a three-dose schedule. Safety data for HPV vaccines have indicated that they are safe. The most common adverse side-effect was local symptoms. HPV vaccines are highly immunogenic. The efficacy and effectiveness of vaccines has been remarkably high among young women who were HPV seronegative before vaccination. Vaccine efficacy was lower among women regardless of HPV DNA when vaccinated and among adult women. Comparisons of the efficacy of bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent vaccines against HPV 16/18 showed that they are similar. However, the nonavalent vaccine can provide additional protection against HPV 31/33/45/52/58. In a real-world setting, the notable decrease of HPV 6/11/16/18 among vaccinated women compared with unvaccinated women shows the vaccine to be highly effective. Moreover, the direct effect of the nonavalent vaccine with the cross-protection of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines results in the reduction of HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58. HPV vaccination has been shown to provide herd protection as well. Two-dose HPV vaccine schedules showed no difference in seroconversion from three-dose schedules. However, the use of a single-dose HPV vaccination schedule remains controversial. For males, the quadrivalent HPV vaccine possibly reduces the incidence of external genital lesions and persistent infection with HPV 6/11/16/18. Evidence regarding the efficacy and risk of HPV vaccination and HIV infection remains limited. HPV vaccination has been shown to be highly effective against oral HPV type 16/18 infection, with a significant percentage of participants developing IgG antibodies in the oral fluid post vaccination. However, the vaccines’ effectiveness in reducing the incidence of and mortality rates from HPV-related head and neck cancers should be observed in the long term. In anal infections and anal intraepithelial neoplasia, the vaccines demonstrate high efficacy. While HPV vaccines are very effective, screening for related cancers, as per guidelines, is still recommended.
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11
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Giuliani E, Rollo F, Donà MG, Garbuglia AR. Human Papillomavirus Oral Infection: Review of Methodological Aspects and Epidemiology. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111411. [PMID: 34832567 PMCID: PMC8625118 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has recently gained great attention because of its involvement in the development of a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The role of specific Alpha-HPVs in this regard has been well established, whereas the contribution of other genera is under investigation. Despite their traditional classification as “cutaneous” types, Beta and Gamma HPVs are frequently detected in oral samples. Due to the lack of a standardized protocol, a large variety of methodologies have been used for oral sample collection, DNA extraction, HPV detection and genotyping. Laboratory procedures influence the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, which largely varies also according to the population characteristics, e.g., age, gender, sexual behavior, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. Nevertheless, oral infection by Beta and Gamma HPVs seems to be even more common than Alpha-HPVs. The latter is 5–7% in the general population, and increases up to 30% approximately in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Despite major advances in the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, its natural history is still little understood, especially for Beta and Gamma HPVs. The latest technologies, such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), can be exploited to gain new insights into oral HPV, and to improve the identification of novel HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652665393
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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How Much Does HIV Positivity Affect the Presence of Oral HPV? A Molecular Epidemiology Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18178999. [PMID: 34501585 PMCID: PMC8431652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV-positive people showed a high oral prevalence of HPV-DNA and have a greater incidence of head and neck carcinomas compared to general population. We performed a molecular survey evaluating the presence of HPV-DNA in saliva of HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects in order to quantify the risk represented by HIV-positivity. The sample was made up by 102 subjects: 40 HIV-positive, 32 HIV-negative with sexual risk behaviors (SRB) and 30 HIV-negative without risk factors. DNA was extracted from cellular pellets and HPV detection and genotyping were performed by PCR assays. In the HIV-positive group (of which 58.3% declared SRB) 33.33% of the sample were HPV-positive (33.33% to high-risk genotypes, 25.0% to low-risk genotypes and 41.66% to other genotypes). In the HIV-negative SRB group, HPV-positive subjects were 37.04% (60.0% to high risk genotypes, 20.0% to low risk genotypes, and 20.0% to other genotypes). Finally, in the control group, the HPV-positive subjects were 7.14% (50% to high-risk genotypes and 50% to low-risk genotypes). In the HIV group, concerning the HPV positivity, there was no significant difference between subjects with and without SRBs. In summary, we found a high oral HPV-DNA detection in HIV+ group, showing a strong relationship between HIV and HPV.
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13
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Hernandez AL, Karthik R, Sivasubramanian M, Raghavendran A, Lensing S, Lee JY, Abraham P, Mathai D, Palefsky JM. Prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection among Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:675. [PMID: 34247583 PMCID: PMC8274002 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been causally linked to a subset of oropharyngeal cancers in Western populations, and both oropharyngeal cancer and oral HPV infection are increased among HIV-positive individuals. India has high incidences of oral and oropharyngeal cancers, and Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancers. However, there is little information available on the prevalence of oral HPV in this population. METHODS We tested 302 HIV-positive Indian MSM for oral HPV infection using L1 HPV DNA PCR with probes specific for 29 types and a mixture of 10 additional types. CD4+ level and plasma HIV viral load (VL) were measured. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire including a sexual history. RESULTS The prevalence of oral HPV was 23.7% (95% CI: 19-29%) and 2.4% of participants had oncogenic HPV types. No participants had oral HPV type 16 (HPV-16) and the prevalence of other anogenital HPV types was low. Participants with higher CD4+ levels had reduced odds of having any oral HPV infection (OR: 3.1 [1.4-6.9]) in multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of oral HPV among Indian HIV-positive MSM. Our results show a high prevalence of oral HPV infection consistent with studies from Western populations. However, oncogenic anogenital HPV types were relatively uncommon in our study population. It is unknown what the impact of this distribution of oral HPV will be on oropharyngeal cancers. HIV-positive MSM in India should be monitored closely for oral and oropharyngeal pre-cancer and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Hernandez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Box 0654, 513 Parnassus Ave, Room S420, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Public Health Program, College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA.
| | - Rajiv Karthik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Shelly Lensing
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeannette Y Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Priya Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Dilip Mathai
- Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joel M Palefsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Box 0654, 513 Parnassus Ave, Room S420, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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14
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Popova AA, Domonova EA, Pokrovskaya AV, Shipulina OY, Pokrovsk VV. [Prevalence of human papillomavirus (Papillomaviridae; Human papillomavirus) of high carcinogenic risk based on the results of screening of three anatomical loci in men stratified by sexual behavior and HIV status]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 66:217-226. [PMID: 34251159 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) of high carcinogenic risk (HCR), in addition to being the etiological agent of cervical cancer, also contribute to development of cancer of the anus, vagina, penis, vulva and oropharyngeal cancer. In this connection, further study of the biological properties of this agent and its prevalence in different populations is an urgent task.The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of HCR HPV in three anatomical loci in men stratified by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection status (negative, HIV+/positive/HIV-) as well as by sexual behavior: men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual men (HM). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 256 men from Moscow and Moscow region: 73 МSМ/HIV+, 66 МSМ/ HIV-, 58 HM/HIV+, and 59 HM/HIV-. All men were tested for 14 HCR genotypes of HPV (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). Smears were taken from three anatomical loci: urethra, anus, oropharynx. Testing was preformed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR-RT). RESULTS The highest prevalence of HCR HPV detection, regardless of the locus, was recorded for МSМ/HIV+ (82.2%), and the lowest for HM/HIV (20.3%). The highest detection of HCR HPV in scrapings of epithelial cells from anus was recorded for МSМ/HIV+ (79.5%). The highest incidence of this pathogen in oropharynx also was registered for МSМ/HIV+ (13.7%). The highest incidence of HCR HPV in scrapings of epithelial cells from urethra was recorded for HM/HIV+ (24%). The prevalence of HCR HPV among men was found to differ markedly depending on the anatomical locus, HIV status and sexual behavior. DISCUSSION For the first time, there were obtained data on the prevalence of HCR HPV in men with different patterns of sexual behavior and HIV status in the Moscow region. CONCLUSION Screening for HCR HPV in male population based on the identification of 14 genotypes of the virus in three anatomical loci (urethra, oropharynx, anus) by PCR-RT will provide the information necessary to improve the system of epidemiological monitoring and proper planning of preventive measures among men with any risk factors for HPV persistence (presence of HIV infection and/or belonging to the MSM group). HPV screening algorithm development is required for men considering their HIV status and sexual behavior. We recommend testing for 14 HCR HPV genotypes in three loci (urethra, anus, oropharynx).
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Popova
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - E A Domonova
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - A V Pokrovskaya
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor); FSAEI HE «People's Friendship University of Russia»
| | - O Yu Shipulina
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - V V Pokrovsk
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
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15
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The efficacy of vaccination to prevent human papilloma viruses infection at anal and oral: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2021; 196:165-171. [PMID: 34229128 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review evidence on the effectiveness of vaccination in the prevention of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection at the cervix, anal, and oral. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The key search limitations are as follows: "Human Papilloma Virus", "Papilloma Virus, Human" "Human Papillomavirus Virus", "HPV" and "oral", "anus", "anal", "penis", "cervical," and "vaccine". Randomized controlled studies were searched and analyzed the risk ratio by Review Manager 5.3; funnel plot was adopted for publication bias analysis. RESULTS Five randomized controlled studies enrolling 13,686 participants were retrieved, analyzed, and showed that HPV vaccination can effectively block HPV infection at cervical, anal, and oral. Subgroup analysis, moreover, proved that HPV 16/18 is more effective than HPV 6/11/16/18 in preventing anal and oral infections. CONCLUSION HPV vaccine is efficacious in preventing HPV infection not only at cervical but also at anal and oral, as evidence supported by relevant studies.
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16
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Giuliani M, Gheit T, Rollo F, Tommasino M, Latini A, Benevolo M, Pichi B, Pellini R, McKay-Chopin S, Cristaudo A, Giuliani E, Morrone A, Donà MG. Predictors of Oral Infection by Mucosal and Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men Who Have Sex with Men of the OHMAR Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2804. [PMID: 34202235 PMCID: PMC8269418 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) play a role in the development of a subset of head and neck cancers. Cutaneous HPVs are abundantly present in the oral cavity. The determinants of these infections have not been extensively investigated. We assessed the correlates of oral infection by alpha and beta and/or gamma HPVs in HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). Oral rinse-and-gargles were collected with a mouthwash. Alpha and beta/gamma HPVs were detected using the Linear Array HPV genotyping test and a multiplex PCR combined with Luminex technology, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of oral HPV infection. Overall, 193 HIV-uninfected and 117 HIV-infected MSM were enrolled. Among HIV-infected MSM, the only determinant of alpha HPV infection was the number of lifetime oral sex partners (AOR: 8.26, 95% CI: 2.26-30.16). The strongest determinant of beta/gamma HPV infection was represented by practicing condomless receptive oral sex (AOR: 10.76, 95% CI: 1.56-74.17). Age was independently associated with alpha HPV infection in HIV-uninfected MSM. Beta/gamma HPV infection was not associated with sexual behavior in these subjects. In conclusion, predictors of oral infection differ between HIV-infected and uninfected MSM, as well as between alpha and beta/gamma HPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (M.T.); (S.M.-C.)
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (M.T.); (S.M.-C.)
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology Head&Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolaryngology Head&Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Sandrine McKay-Chopin
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (M.T.); (S.M.-C.)
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.); (M.G.D.)
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17
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Hoffmann M, Quabius ES. Relevance of Human Papillomaviruses in Head and Neck Cancer-What Remains in 2021 from a Clinician's Point of View? Viruses 2021; 13:v13061173. [PMID: 34207440 PMCID: PMC8235461 DOI: 10.3390/v13061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause a subset of head and neck cancers (HNSCC). HPV16 predominantly signs responsible for approximately 10% of all HNSCC and over 50% of tonsillar (T)SCCs. Prevalence rates depend on several factors, such as the geographical region where patients live, possibly due to different social and sexual habits. Smoking plays an important role, with non-smoking patients being mostly HPV-positive and smokers being mostly HPV-negative. This is of unparalleled clinical relevance, as the outcome of (non-smoking) HPV-positive patients is significantly better, albeit with standard and not with de-escalated therapies. The results of the first prospective de-escalation studies have dampened hopes that similar superior survival can be achieved with de-escalated therapy. In this context, it is important to note that the inclusion of p16INK4A (a surrogate marker for HPV-positivity) in the 8th TMN-classification has only prognostic, not therapeutic, intent. To avoid misclassification, highest precision in determining HPV-status is of utmost importance. Whenever possible, PCR-based methods, still referred to as the "gold standard”, should be used. New diagnostic antibodies represent some hope, e.g., to detect primaries and recurrences early. Prophylactic HPV vaccination should lead to a decline in HPV-driven HNSCC as well. This review discusses the above aspects in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Quincke-Forschungszentrum (QFZ), Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-500-21701; Fax: +49-431-500-19028
| | - Elgar Susanne Quabius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Quincke-Forschungszentrum (QFZ), Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D24105 Kiel, Germany
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18
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Tewari P, Banka P, Kernan N, Reynolds S, White C, Pilkington L, O'Toole S, Sharp L, D'Arcy T, Murphy C, Comiskey C, Martin CM, O'Leary JJ. Prevalence and concordance of oral HPV infections with cervical HPV infections in women referred to colposcopy with abnormal cytology. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:692-699. [PMID: 33733523 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the shared aetiology of Human Papillomavirus infections in oropharyngeal and cervical cancers and the possible role for sexual transmission, several key aspects of the relationship between cervical and oral infections merit investigation, including prevalence of concomitant oral HPV infection and type-specific concordance with concurrent cervical infections. METHODS A cross-section study was performed on women referred to colposcopy clinics with cytological abnormalities and a cervical HPV infection. An oral rinse sample was taken from the participants at their baseline visit for HPV testing, and a demographic and risk factor questionnaire was also administered. HPV DNA testing was carried out on the Cobas 4800 platform and extended genotyping was carried out with the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II assay. HPV genotyping was also carried out on the concurrent cervical tissue samples on all women who had a positive oral HPV infection. RESULTS The prevalence of oral HPV infections was 10.0% (95%CI:5.9-13.7) in the study population. HPV18 was the most frequent genotype (7.0%). Concordant oral and cervical HPV infections were detected in 28.6% of women. Age (p = 0.005) and level of education (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with a prevalent oral HPV infection. CONCLUSION Concomitant oral HPV infections were present in 10.0% of women referred to colposcopy with a pre-existing cervical HPV infections and cytological abnormalities. Although mild type-specific concordance was observed between oral and cervical HPV infections, findings suggest that infections at these sites may not be independent of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prakashini Banka
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Kernan
- Department of Histopathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Reynolds
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine White
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Loretto Pilkington
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Sharp
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Tom D'Arcy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Comiskey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara M Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Cotte L, Veyer D, Charreau I, Péré H, Cua E, Carette D, Chas J, Capitant C, Chidiac C, Fléjou JF, Fouéré S, Heard I, Meyer L, Puech J, Tremblay C, Delaugerre C, Molina JM. Prevalence and Incidence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men Having Sex With Men Enrolled in a Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Study: A Sub-study of the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales "Intervention Préventive de l'Exposition aux Risques avec et pour les hommes Gays" Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:41-49. [PMID: 31907521 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is more frequent in men having sex with men (MSM) who are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than in MSM without HIV. There are currently no data regarding HPV infections in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)-using MSM. METHODS MSM living without HIV who were enrolled in the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales "Intervention Préventive de l'Exposition aux Risques avec et pour les hommes Gays" PrEP study were prospectively enrolled. Anal, penile, and oral samples were collected at baseline and every 6 months for HPV detection and genotyping. Anal swabs for cytology were obtained at baseline and at 24 months. RESULTS We enrolled 162 participants. The prevalences of any HPV genotypes at baseline were 92%, 32%, and 12% at the anal, penile, and oral sites, respectively. High-risk (HR) HPV genotypes were observed in 84%, 25%, and 10% of anal, penile, and oral baseline samples, respectively. Nonavalent HPV vaccine genotypes were observed in 77%, 22%, and 6% of anal, penile, and oral baseline samples, respectively. Multiple infections were observed in 76%, 17%, and 3% of cases at the anal, penile, and oral sites, respectively. The most frequent HR genotypes were HPV 53, 51, and 16 in anal samples; HPV 33, 39, and 73 in penile samples; and HPV 66 in oral samples. The incidence of any HPV genotype at the anal site was 86.2/1000 person-months and the incidence of HR-HPV genotypes was 72.3/1000 person-months. The baseline cytology was normal in 32% of cases and was classified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (HSIL), and atypical squamous cells that cannot exclude HSIL in 23%, 40%, 5%, and 1% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PrEP users have a similar risk of HPV infection as MSM living with HIV and the risk is much higher than that previously reported in MSM living without HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Cotte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1052, Lyon, France
| | - David Veyer
- Department of Virology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Charreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service Commun 10, Unité de Service 19, Villejuif, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Department of Virology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Cua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital L'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Diane Carette
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service Commun 10, Unité de Service 19, Villejuif, France
| | - Julie Chas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Capitant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service Commun 10, Unité de Service 19, Villejuif, France
| | - Christian Chidiac
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-François Fléjou
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Fouéré
- Department of Dermatology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Heard
- French Human Papillomavirus Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Institut Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Médecine Interne, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service Commun 10, Unité de Service 19, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, Unité 1018, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Department of Public Health, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Puech
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Constance Delaugerre
- Department of Virology, Centre National de Référence du Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine , Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 944, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7212, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Molina
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 944, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7212, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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20
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Donà MG, Rollo F, Latini A, Benevolo M, Pichi B, Pellini R, Giuliani E, Giglio A, Cristaudo A, Giuliani M. Anal and oral human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men: implications for risk-targeted vaccination. Future Microbiol 2021; 15:1713-1722. [PMID: 33404267 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Men who have sex with men (MSM) harbor a significant burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases that could be prevented by vaccination. Materials & methods: Prevalence of HPVs targeted by the quadrivalent (4vHPV) and nonavalent vaccines (9vHPV) was assessed in anal (n = 443) and oral (n = 193) specimens of immunocompetent, sexually active MSM, using the Linear Array. Results: Of the anal samples, 34.1 and 46.0% were positive for at least one genotype of those covered by the 4vHPV and 9vHPV, respectively. At least one of the HPVs targeted by the 9vHPV was detected in 5.7% of the oral specimens. Conclusion: The majority of the subjects were not currently infected by HPV-16 and other vaccine-preventable HPVs. Universal HPV vaccination should be strongly promoted in order to achieve protection for all risk groups. In the meanwhile, vaccination should be offered to sexually active adult MSM attendees of sexually transmitted infection centers, although its potential benefit for these subjects needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Amalia Giglio
- Clinical Pathology & Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
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21
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King EM, Mesher D, Sonnenberg P, Linley E, Panwar K, Beddows S, Soldan K, Borrow R, Jit M, Gilson R. HPV16 and HPV18 seropositivity and DNA detection among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study conducted in a sexual health clinic in London. Sex Transm Infect 2020; 97:382-386. [PMID: 33361466 PMCID: PMC8311088 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Men who have sex with men (MSM) have an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases compared with men who have sex exclusively with women. From April 2018, there has been a phased roll-out of HPV vaccination offered to MSM aged up to 45 years old who are attending sexual health clinics and HIV clinics in England. The vaccine is most effective if delivered prior to HPV infection. We estimated the proportion of MSM with no current vaccine-type infection and no serological evidence of prior infection, in a study undertaken prior to vaccine introduction. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 484 MSM aged 18–40 years old who attended a sexual health clinic in London between 2010 and 2012. We estimated the prevalence of current and past infection by testing for HPV DNA in anogenital samples and for serum antibodies to HPV16 and HPV18. Results The median age was 30 years (IQR 25–35). The prevalence of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA was 13.2% and 6.2%, respectively. Seropositivity for HPV16 and HPV18 was 28.5% and 17.1%, respectively, with 11.4% seropositive for both types. Seropositivity for the same HPV type was strongly associated with anogenital DNA detection. 279 MSM (57.6%) tested negative for both HPV16 and HPV18 serology and were DNA negative for these two types; only 5 MSM (1.0%) were seropositive and DNA positive for both HPV types. Conclusions This is the first study to determine both the prevalence of HPV DNA in anogenital samples and HPV seroprevalence among MSM attending a sexual health clinic in the UK. Over half of MSM in this study had no evidence of a previous or current infection with either of the high-risk HPV types included in the quadrivalent vaccine, which supports the rationale for opportunistic HPV vaccination of MSM attending sexual health clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M King
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Mesher
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ezra Linley
- Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Public Health England, Manchester, UK
| | - Kavita Panwar
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Simon Beddows
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Kate Soldan
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Ray Borrow
- Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Public Health England, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Jit
- Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Richard Gilson
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK .,The Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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22
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Nugent D, Stirrup O, Pett S, Panwar K, Checchi M, Mesher D, Soldan K, Beddows S, Gilson R. Performance of human papillomavirus DNA detection in residual specimens taken for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acid amplification testing in men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect 2020; 97:541-546. [PMID: 33328194 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rectal swab specimens, either alone or pooled with first-void urine (FVU) and pharyngeal swab specimens, are used to test for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection in men who have sex with men (MSM). Following introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for MSM attending UK sexual health services (SHSs), HPV testing of residual CT/NG test specimens has been proposed to monitor HPV prevalence in this population. Performance of HPV detection in such specimens has not been evaluated previously. METHODS MSM attending a UK SHS provided three specimens: (1) rectal swab for CT/NG, (2) pooled rectal/pharyngeal/FVU specimen for CT/NG and (3) dedicated anal swab for HPV. Specimen 3 and residual material from specimens 1 and 2 were tested for type-specific HPV DNA. HPV detection was by an in-house multiplex PCR and luminex-based genotyping assay. RESULTS A total of 129 MSM were recruited with a mean age of 38.1 years; 24% were HIV-positive. Of the 129 MSM, 92 (71%) had any type-specific HPV DNA in ≥1 specimen; 80 (62%) had high risk (HR) HPV. Of 123 participants with sufficient residual pooled and dedicated specimens, 70 (56.9%) had detectable HPV on both, and 40 (32.5%) were negative on both; overall concordance was 89% (95% CI 83% to 94%), and kappa statistic was 0.78 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.89). Pooled samples had a 4.1% (95% CI -1.9% to 10.0%) higher test positivity rate than dedicated samples.Of 125 participants with sufficient residual rectal and specimens, 74 (59.2%) had detectable HPV on both, and 36 (28.8%) were negative on both; overall concordance was 88% (95% CI 81% to 93%), and kappa statistic was 0.74 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.86). Residual rectal samples had 5.6% (95%CI -0.6% to 11.8%) higher test positivity than dedicated samples. CONCLUSIONS We observed high concordance between the dedicated and residual STI test specimens. Our data support the strategy of testing residual specimens for HPV prevalence monitoring in MSM to evaluate the impact of the targeted vaccination programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diarmuid Nugent
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, University College London, London, UK .,The Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Oliver Stirrup
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Pett
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, University College London, London, UK.,The Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kavita Panwar
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Marta Checchi
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - David Mesher
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Kate Soldan
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Simon Beddows
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Richard Gilson
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, University College London, London, UK.,The Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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23
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Johnson NW, Anaya-Saavedra G, Webster-Cyriaque J. Viruses and oral diseases in HIV-infected individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy: What are the risks and what are the mechanisms? Oral Dis 2020; 26 Suppl 1:80-90. [PMID: 32862541 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the extension of life span produced by increasing access to combined antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) face new challenges from comorbidities. Although advances in medical care for HIV infection have dramatically reduced opportunistic infections and AIDS-defining cancers, some non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC) and specific oral diseases such as periodontitis and salivary gland disease are now more prevalent. Cancer prevention is, therefore, a priority issue in care of PLWH, stressing both restoration of immune function and reduction of non-HIV cancer risk factors (tobacco in all its forms; areca nut; heavy alcohol consumption; diets lacking antioxidant vitamins and minerals; and oncogenic virus infections) through specific interventions, especially tobacco and areca nut cessation and alcohol moderation. Detection of oral high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) and the universal preventive HPV vaccination among PLWH should be promoted to reduce the malignancy burden, along with routine oral examinations which remain the cheapest, most reliable, most reproducible, and non-invasive tool to identify suspicious lesions. Also, considerations of oral inflammation and periodontal health are important to replication and gene expression of viruses in the mouth. Considering that a key risk factor for this scenario is the presence of oncogenic virus infection such as several members of the human herpesvirus and human papillomavirus families, here we analyze the variables involved in the seeming increase in comorbidities in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.,Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Anaya-Saavedra
- Oral Pathology and Medicine Master, Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City, Mexico
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24
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Quabius ES, Fazel A, Knieling C, Gebhardt S, Laudien M, Moore C, Kühnel A, Hoppe F, Mlynski R, Heinrichs A, Fabian A, Hoffmann M. No association between HPV-status in tonsillar tissue and sexual behavior of the patients in a northern German population - Critical view of the link between HPV natural history and HPV-driven carcinogenesis. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2020; 10:100207. [PMID: 32971320 PMCID: PMC7554645 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2020.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HPV-infection in patients with HNSCC is reportedly correlated with sexual behavior, age, and tobacco/alcohol-consumption. HPV-infections of the oral cavity are regarded as sexually transmitted. Comparable data of patient populations outside the U.S. are sparse or missing. Questionnaires regarding sexual behavior, education tobacco- and alcohol-consumption, were given to 28 patients with tonsillar hyperplasia (H) and 128 patients with tonsillar carcinomas (CA), all with tissue-typed HPV-DNA-status performing PCR. Answers were correlated among groups and HPV-status. 106 questionnaires were analyzed. Comparisons between H- (n = 25) and CA- (n = 81) patients showed that CA-patients were older (61.1yrs ± 9.3) than H-patients (45.2yrs ± 11.9; p < 0.0001; Student's t-test); had a lower educational level (p = 0.0095); and lower number of sexual partners (p = 0.0222; Fisher's exact test). All groups showed a significant correlation between smoking and lack of HPV-DNA-positivity (p = 0.001). Further Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression analysis revealed in all 106 patients no significant correlations between tissue-HPV-status and the analyzed parameters. Despite the limited sample size, we were able to confirm the established correlation between smoking and tissue-HPV-status. The correlation between sexual behavior and HPV-infection was not confirmed. No consensus exists in the literature about the latter. Our data does not support the strict classification of oral HPV-infections and HPV-driven HNSCCs as STDs. Questionnaires from 81 TSCC and 25 tonsillar hyperplasia (H) patients were analyzed. No correlation between HPV positivity and sexual behavior was found. HPV positive H had both less sexual partners and oral sex than HPV negatives (trend). In TSCC sexual partners and oral sex were similar irrespective of HPV status. Incongruent data about sexual behavior, HPV transmission and cancer transgression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgar Susanne Quabius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 27, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Asita Fazel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 27, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher Knieling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 27, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Gebhardt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 27, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Laudien
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 27, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Crystal Moore
- Environment Agency, 2 Marsham Street, London, SW1P 4DF, UK
| | - André Kühnel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Harburg, Eißendorfer Pferdeweg 52, D-21075, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hoppe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Straße 10, D-26133, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Robert Mlynski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Rostock, Doberaner Str. 137-139, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alessa Heinrichs
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Rostock, Doberaner Str. 137-139, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Fabian
- Department of Radiooncology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str, 3 Building, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 27, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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25
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Gonçalves HM, Silva J, Pintado Maury I, Tavares A, Campos C, Sousa H, Jacinto A, Aguiar P, Caldeira L, Medeiros R. The prevalence and risk-factors of oral HPV DNA detection among HIV-infected men between men who have sex with men and heterosexual men. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020; 53:19-30. [PMID: 32915107 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1811373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal carcinomas are becoming more common with epidemiological impact on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- positive individuals. Objective: We evaluated prevalence and risk factors for oral HPV DNA among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) or heterosexual men. Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 255 HIV-infected men with different sexual orientation 142 MSM and 113 heterosexual men, who answered a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural data. Oral swab and mouthwash samples were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and genotyped by AnyplexTM II 28 (Seegene®). Results: Oral HPV was detected in 17.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 13.5-22.8%), 17.6% in MSM and 17.7% in heterosexual men (p = .984). Multiple HPV infections were detected in 86.7% of HPV-positive men. HPV 56 (13.7%) was the most prevalent high-risk genotype, HPV 66 (7.8%) and HPV 70 (12.3%) were the most prevalent probable HR and low-risk HPV genotypes (12.3% and 7.1%, respectively). At multivariable analysis models, oral HPV was associated with >100 lifetime sexual partners (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.73; 95% CI 1.42-9.77) or lifetime tongue-kissing partners (OR 3.20; 95% CI 1.22-8.39) and lower education level (OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.08-7.78 and 2.74; 95% CI 1.04-7.27, respectively). Conclusions: Oral HPV prevalence was similar between HIV-infected MSM and heterosexual men. Oral HPV was associated with lifetime sexual partners, lifetime tongue-kissing partners and being undergraduate, independently of sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Gonçalves
- Public Health Unit, Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACES), Lisboa Ocidental e Oeiras, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jani Silva
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Pintado Maury
- Infectious Disease Service, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Tavares
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Campos
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sousa
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amado Jacinto
- Public Health Unit, Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACES), Lisboa Ocidental e Oeiras, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Aguiar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís Caldeira
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Infectious Disease Service, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Nacional School of Public Heath, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,LPCC, Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC - NRN), Porto, Portugal
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26
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Benevolo M, Rollo F, Giuliani M, Pichi B, Latini A, Pellini R, Vescio MF, Morrone A, Cristaudo A, Donà MG. Abnormal cytology in oropharyngeal brushings and in oral rinses is not associated with HPV infection: The OHMAR study. Cancer Cytopathol 2020; 128:648-655. [PMID: 32485093 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No screening is available for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancers. The authors investigated whether cytology may be used as a screening tool and whether oral HPV infection is associated with cytologic abnormalities detected in oropharyngeal brushings and in oral rinse-and-gargle specimens from asymptomatic individuals at increased risk for oral HPV infection. METHODS Specimens were collected from men who have sex with men at 6-month intervals. Oropharyngeal samples and oral rinse-and-gargle specimens were collected using a cytobrush and mouthwash, respectively. Exfoliated cells were dispersed in PreservCyt. Liquid-based slides were stained with Papanicolaou. An HPV genotyping test using a linear array was used for HPV detection. Associations with abnormal cytology were investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 631 brushings and 802 rinses collected from 310 individuals were evaluated; of these specimens, 2 brushings (0.3%) and 10 rinses (1.2%) were inadequate for morphologic evaluation. Of the adequate samples, 35 of 629 brushings (5.5%) and 19 of 792 rinses (2.4%) were abnormal. No associations of high-risk HPVs or HPV-16 infection with cytologic abnormalities were observed for oropharyngeal brushings (high-risk HPVs: odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% CI, 0.41-3.50; P = .75; HPV-16: OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.10-5.84; P = .79) or for oral rinses (high-risk HPVs: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.26-4.98; P = .87; HPV-16: OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.04-10.60; P = .74). Concurrent moderate/heavy drinking and smoking significantly increased the risk of cytologic abnormalities in the brushings (hazard ratio, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.15-20.43; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Oral HPV infection by high-risk HPVs and HPV-16 does not confer an increased risk of cytologic abnormalities in oropharyngeal brushings and oral rinses. Abnormal cytology seems to be associated with smoking and drinking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Fenicia Vescio
- Infectious, Parasitic, and Immunomediated Disease Department, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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27
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Higa DH, Crepaz N, McDonald CM, Adegbite-Johnson A, DeLuca JB, Kamitani E, Sipe TA. HIV Prevention Research on Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews, 1988-2017. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2020; 32:1-S7. [PMID: 32073309 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2020.32.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. To identify research gaps and inform HIV prevention for MSM, we conducted a scoping review of systematic reviews using CDC's Prevention Research Synthesis database. Eligibility criteria comprised English-language systematic reviews focused on HIV prevention for MSM, published during 1988-2017, and included at least one U.S. primary study. We coded data type, subpopulations, topics, and key findings. To assess study quality, we used the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Among 129 relevant systematic reviews, study quality was high or moderate for 63%. Most common topics were sexual behavior and disease vulnerability. The most frequently mentioned MSM subgroups were HIV-positive, Black or African American, and young. Research gaps include Hispanic/Latino MSM, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), treatment as prevention, social determinants of health, health disparities, syndemics, and protective factors for sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrel H Higa
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicole Crepaz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina M McDonald
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Julia B DeLuca
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emiko Kamitani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theresa Ann Sipe
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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28
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Giuliani M, Rollo F, Vescio MF, Pichi B, Latini A, Benevolo M, Pellini R, Cristaudo A, Dona' MG. Oral human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM: the OHMAR prospective cohort study. Sex Transm Infect 2020; 96:528-536. [PMID: 32001661 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess incidence and clearance of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the respective risk factors in HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS Oral rinse and gargles were collected semiannually from 244 MSM (103, 42.2% HIV-infected). HPV-DNA testing was performed with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping test. A Markov model was used for estimation of incidence, clearance and risk factor analysis. RESULTS Incidence rates for any HPV were 21.2 and 15.0×1000 person-months in HIV-infected and uninfected MSM, respectively. The respective figures for high-risk HPVs were 10.7 and 6.5×1000 person-months. The clearance rate was 4-12 times higher than the respective incidence rate. HIV-infected MSM with >95 lifetime oral sex partners showed increased incidence of any HPV (adjusted HR, aHR: 8.46, 95% CI 1.89 to 37.92). Condomless oral sex appeared the strongest predictor for incident infection by high-risk HPVs in this group (aHR: 13.40, 95% CI 2.55 to 70.53). Those aged >46 years (aHR: 0.30, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.74) and those with nadir CD4+ T count of <200 cells/mm3 (aHR: 0.14, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.75) displayed a significantly reduced clearance of any and high-risk HPVs, respectively. HIV-uninfected MSM aged >46 years had increased risk of acquiring any HPV (aHR: 3.70, 95% CI 1.30 to 10.52) and high-risk HPV (aHR: 5.33, 95% CI 1.06 to 26.68). Any HPV clearance declined in those with more than six recent oral sex partners (aHR: 0.18, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.65). CONCLUSIONS Acquisition of oral HPV infection in MSM seems to occur rarely, whereas clearance seems to be a frequent event. Oral HPV natural history in these at-risk subjects is differently influenced by age and sex behaviour, depending on HIV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Fenicia Vescio
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Méndez-Martínez R, Maldonado-Frías S, Vázquez-Vega S, Caro-Vega Y, Rendón-Maldonado JG, Guido-Jiménez M, Crabtree-Ramírez B, Sierra-Madero JG, García-Carrancá A. High prevalent human papillomavirus infections of the oral cavity of asymptomatic HIV-positive men. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:27. [PMID: 31924186 PMCID: PMC6954555 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Incidence of anal and oral infections with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is increasing, particularly among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive (HIV+) men. HPV type 16 has exhibited the highest incidence and only limited data is available on other prevalent types, variants of HPV16, as well as associated factors. We were interested in identifying prevalent HPV types, variants of type 16, as well as factors associated with HPV16 infections in the oral cavity of HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A cross-sectional study of oral cavity samples from HIV+ MSM, that in a previous study were identified as positive for HPV16 in the anal canal. Cells from the oral cavity (102 samples, paired with 102 from the anal canal of same patient) were used to extract DNA and detect HPV infections using INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II, and PCR. From these, 80 samples (paired, 40 anal and 40 oral) were used to identify variants of type 16 by sequencing. Statistical differences were estimated by the X2 test, and p values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered significant. SPSS ver. Twenty-four statistical software (IBM Corp) was used. Results We found a high prevalence of High-Risk HPV (HR-HPV) and Low-Risk HPV (LR-HPV). Patients were positive in the oral cavity for HR types; 16, 39 and 18 (80.4, 61.8 and 52.9% respectively) and LR types 11 and 6 (53.9 and 34.3% respectively). Surprisingly, only European variants of type 16 were found in the oral cavity, although American Asian (22.5%) and African (2.5%) variants were identified in the anal canal. The analysis showed that CD4 counts could be the most important risk factor associated with HR-HPV infections in the oral cavity, anal canal or both anatomical regions. The risk of infection of the oral cavity with type 18 increased in men diagnosed with HIV for more than 6 years. Conclusions Prevalence of both HR and LR HPV’s in the oral cavity of Mexican HIV+ MSM is very high. The fact that only European variants of HPV16 were found in the oral cavity suggest a possible tropism not previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Méndez-Martínez
- División de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan, 2do piso, Torre de Investigación Básica, 14080, CDMX, México City, Mexico.,Doctorado en Biotecnología & Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Silvia Maldonado-Frías
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Copilco Universidad, 04360 Ciudad de México, CDMX, México City, Mexico
| | - Salvador Vázquez-Vega
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Doctores 330, Cuauhtemoc, 06720, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Yanink Caro-Vega
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" (INCMNSZ), Secretaría de Salud, México City, Mexico
| | - José Guadalupe Rendón-Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas- UAS, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Calz. de las Américas Norte 2771, Burócrata, 80030, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Miriam Guido-Jiménez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan, 2do piso, Torre de Investigación Básica, 14080, CDMX, México City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Crabtree-Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" (INCMNSZ), Secretaría de Salud, México City, Mexico
| | - Juan G Sierra-Madero
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" (INCMNSZ), Secretaría de Salud, México City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan, 2do piso, Torre de Investigación Básica, 14080, CDMX, México City, Mexico.
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30
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Ocampo Cancelas A, Diniz Freitas M, Pérez González A, Pérez Castro S, Carballo Fernández R, Iribarren Díaz M, Ocampo Hermida A, Diz Dios P, Limeres Posse J. Concordance between oral and anal human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Oral Dis 2019; 26:224-227. [PMID: 31529737 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antía Ocampo Cancelas
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Márcio Diniz Freitas
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Diz Dios
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres Posse
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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31
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Oliver SE, Gorbach PM, Gratzer B, Steinau M, Collins T, Parrish A, Kerndt PR, Crosby RA, Unger ER, Markowitz LE, Meites E. Risk Factors for Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men-2 Cities, United States, 2012-2014. Sex Transm Dis 2019; 45:660-665. [PMID: 30204745 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk for cancers attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV), including oropharyngeal cancer. Human papillomavirus vaccination is recommended for US MSM through age 26 years. Oral HPV infection is associated with oropharyngeal cancer. We determined oral HPV prevalence and risk factors among young MSM. METHODS The Young Men's HPV study enrolled MSM aged 18 through 26 years from clinics in Chicago and Los Angeles during 2012 to 2014. Participants self-reported demographics, sexual behaviors, vaccination and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Self-collected oral rinse specimens were tested for HPV DNA (37 types) by L1-consensus PCR. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk factors associated with oral HPV among participants not previously vaccinated. RESULTS Oral HPV was detected in 87 (9.4%) of 922; 9-valent vaccine types were detected in 37 (4.0%) of 922. Among HIV-positive participants, 17 (19.3%) of 88 had oral HPV detected. Oral HPV was more prevalent among those reporting first sex at 18 years of age or younger (aPR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.16-5.12); HIV infection (aPR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14-3.48); greater than 5 sex partners within the past month (aPR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.13-3.31); performing oral sex on greater than 5 partners within the last 3 months (aPR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.12-3.13); and having greater than 5 male sex partners within the last 3 months (aPR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.08-2.87). Only 454 (49.2%) of 922 were aware that HPV can cause oropharyngeal cancers. CONCLUSIONS Many oral HPV infections were with types targeted by vaccination. Oral HPV infections were significantly associated with HIV and sexual behaviors. Fewer than half of participants were aware that HPV could cause oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Oliver
- From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Martin Steinau
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tom Collins
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Adam Parrish
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Peter R Kerndt
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elissa Meites
- From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Kahn JA, Belzer M, Chi X, Lee J, Gaur AH, Mayer K, Martinez J, Futterman DC, Stier EA, Paul ME, Chiao EY, Reirden D, Goldstone SE, Ortiz Martinez AP, Cachay ER, Barroso LF, Da Costa M, Wilson CM, Palefsky JM. Pre-vaccination prevalence of anogenital and oral human papillomavirus in young HIV-infected men who have sex with men. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 7:52-61. [PMID: 30658128 PMCID: PMC6356116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to: 1) determine prevalence of anogenital and oral HPV, 2) determine concordance between HPV at anal, perianal, scrotal/penile, and oral sites; and 3) describe factors associated with anogenital HPV types targeted by the 9-valent vaccine. Data were collected from 2012 to 2015 among men who have sex with men 18-26 years of age enrolled in a vaccine trial (N = 145). Penile/scrotal, perianal, anal, and oral samples were tested for 61 HPV types. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with types in the 9-valent vaccine. Participants' mean age was 23.0 years, 55.2% were African-American, and 26.2% were Hispanic; 93% had anal, 40% penile, and 6% oral HPV. Among those with anogenital infection, 18% had HPV16. Concordance was low between anogenital and oral sites. Factors independently associated with a 9-valent vaccine-type HPV were: race (African-American vs. White, OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.11-6.42), current smoking (yes vs. no, OR=2.37, 95% CI=1.03-5.48), and number of recent receptive anal sex partners (2+ vs. 0, OR=3.47, 95% CI=1.16-10.4). Most MSM were not infected with HPV16 or HPV18, suggesting that they may still benefit from HPV vaccination, but anogenital HPV was very common, highlighting the importance of vaccinating men before sexual initiation. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT01209325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Marvin Belzer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaofei Chi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Jeannette Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Aditya H Gaur
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Kenneth Mayer
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jaime Martinez
- John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | | | - Mary E Paul
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | - Daniel Reirden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | | | - Ana P Ortiz Martinez
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
| | - Edward R Cachay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Luis F Barroso
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Maria Da Costa
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Craig M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Joel M Palefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Goldstein ND, LeVasseur MT, Tran NK, Purtle J, Welles SL, Eppes SC. Modeling HPV vaccination scale-up among urban young men who have sex with men in the context of HIV. Vaccine 2019; 37:3883-3891. [PMID: 31155416 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are at high risk to contract human papillomavirus (HPV). While an effective vaccination exists, its use among YMSM is markedly lower compared to non-MSM and women. This study compares scaling up HPV vaccination in conjunction with other prevention strategies. METHODS An agent-based model of urban YMSM (≤26 years of age) reflective of the demography of Philadelphia, PA, simulated for up to ten years of follow-up to examine anal and oral transmission of the HPV genotypes covered in the nonavalent (9v) vaccine: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58. Starting HPV prevalences ranged from a high of 18% (type 6) to a low of 6% (type 31); overall 65% of individuals carried any HPV genotype. Simulated levels of vaccination were ranged from 0% to 13% (present-day level), 25%, 50%, 80% (Healthy People 2020 target), and 100% in conjunction with condom use and HIV seroadaptive practices. The primary outcome was the relative reduction in HPV infection. RESULTS Compared to present-day vaccination levels (13%), scaling-up vaccination led to expected declines in 10-year post-simulation HPV prevalence. Anal HPV (any 9v types) declined by 9%, 27%, 46%, and 58% at vaccination levels of 25%, 50%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. Similarly, oral HPV (any 9v types) declined by 11%, 33%, 57%, and 71% across the same levels of vaccine uptake. Comparing the prevention strategies, condoms blocked the greatest number of anal transmissions when vaccination was at or below present-day levels. For oral transmission, vaccination was superior to condom use at all levels of coverage. CONCLUSIONS Public health HPV preventions strategies should continue to emphasize the complementary roles of condoms and vaccination, especially for preventing oral infection. Improving vaccination coverage will ultimately have the greatest impact on reducing HPV infection among YMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal D Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Christiana Care Health System, 4745 Ogletown-Stanton Road, MAP 1, Suite 116, Newark, DE 19713, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Michael T LeVasseur
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Nguyen K Tran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan Purtle
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Seth L Welles
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Stephen C Eppes
- Department of Pediatrics, Christiana Care Health System, 4745 Ogletown-Stanton Road, MAP 1, Suite 116, Newark, DE 19713, United States
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Parisi SG, Basso M, Scaggiante R, Andreis S, Mengoli C, Cruciani M, Del Vecchio C, Menegotto N, Zago D, Sarmati L, Andreoni M, Palù G. Oral and anal high-risk human papilloma virus infection in HIV-positive men who have sex with men over a 24-month longitudinal study: complexity and vaccine implications. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:645. [PMID: 31138232 PMCID: PMC6537447 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies focused on longitudinal modifications over time of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) at anal and oral sites in HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods We described patterns and longitudinal changes of HR-HPV detection and the prevalence of HR-HPV covered by the nonavalent HPV vaccine (vax-HPV) at oral and anal sites in 165 HIV+ MSM followed in an Italian hospital. The samples were collected at baseline and after 24 months (follow-up). The presence of HPV was investigated with Inno-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II. Results Median age was 44 years (IQR 36–53), median CD4+ cell count at nadir was 312 cells/mm3 (IQR 187–450). A total of 120 subjects (72.7%) were receiving successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). At baseline and follow-up, the frequency of HR-HPV was significantly higher in the anal site (65.4% vs 9.4 and 62.4% vs 6.8%, respectively). Only 2.9% of subjects were persistently HR-HPV negative at both sites. All oral HR-HPV were single at baseline vs 54.6% at baseline at the anal site (p = 0.005), and all oral HR-HPV were single at follow-up vs 54.4% at anal site at follow-up (p = 0.002). The lowest rate of concordance between the oral and anal results was found for HR-HPV detection; almost all HR-HPV positive results at both anal and oral sites had different HR-HPV.The most frequent HR-HPV in anal swabs at baseline and follow-up were HPV-16 and HPV-52.At follow-up at anal site, 37.5% of patients had different HR-HPV genotypes respect to baseline, 28.8% of subjects with 1 HR-HPV at baseline had an increased number of HR-HPV, and patients on ART showed a lower frequency of confirmed anal HR-HPV detection than untreated patients (p = 0.03) over time. Additionally,54.6 and 50.5% of patients had only HR-vax-HPV at anal site at baseline and follow-up, respectively; 15.2% had only HR-vax-HPV at baseline and follow-up. Conclusions We believe that it is important testing multiple sites over time in HIV-positive MSM. ART seems to protect men from anal HR-HPV confirmed detection. Vaccination programmes could reduce the number of HR-HPV genotypes at anal site and the risk of the first HR-HPV acquisition at the oral site. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7004-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Giuseppe Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy.
| | - Monica Basso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy.
| | - Renzo Scaggiante
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Padova Hospital, Via Giustiniani, 2 -, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Samantha Andreis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Mengoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Cruciani
- Center of Diffusive Diseases, ULSS 9, Via Campania 1, 37136, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Vecchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Menegotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Zago
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy
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Boguñá N, Capdevila L, Jané-Salas E. Relationship of human papillomavirus with diseases of the oral cavity. Med Clin (Barc) 2019; 153:157-164. [PMID: 31109717 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as a new epidemic and become a health issue due to its involvement in several cancers affecting the cervix, the anogenital region and the oropharynx. In this review, we aim to understand and explain the distinctive features of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on its epidemiological data, risk factors, specific topography, HPV subtypes most frequently involved, HPV-status diagnosis, clinical behaviour, prognosis, treatment, and preventive measures. In addition, the relationship of HPV with the development of other head and neck carcinomas and benign lesions of the oral cavity will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Boguñá
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Laia Capdevila
- Servicio de oncología médica, Xarxa Sanitària i Social de Santa Tecla, Tarragona, España
| | - Enric Jané-Salas
- Unidad Medicina Bucal, Departamento de Odontoestomatología, Facultad de de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, Universitat de Barcelona, Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (Idibell), l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
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Rollo F, Pichi B, Benevolo M, Giuliani M, Latini A, Lorenzon L, Colafigli M, Frasca M, Pellini R, Cristaudo A, Donà MG. Oral testing for high-risk human papillomavirus DNA and E6/E7 messenger RNA in healthy individuals at risk for oral infection. Cancer 2019; 125:2587-2593. [PMID: 31034590 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing for oral high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA may be useful for identifying individuals at increased risk for HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). However, positivity for HPV DNA provides no information on the transforming potential of the infection. In contrast, the detection of high-risk HPV E6/E7 messenger RNA (mRNA) may help to identify clinically significant infections because of the indispensable role of E6/E7 viral oncoproteins in the carcinogenic process. METHODS Oral rinses were collected with a mouthwash from cancer-free individuals at increased risk for oral HPV infection. High-risk HPV DNA and mRNA were evaluated via the testing of the oral rinses with the Linear Array HPV genotyping test and the Aptima HPV assay, respectively. RESULTS Overall, 310 subjects with no clinical evidence of lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx were included in the study. Thirty-three (10.6%) harbored high-risk HPV DNA in their oral rinse. These cases, together with 10 random samples negative for high-risk HPV DNA, were tested with the Aptima assay. A valid result was obtained for 41 of the 43 specimens (95.3%). Among the 31 cases that were positive for high-risk HPV DNA and had a valid Aptima result, 4 (12.9%) were positive for HPV mRNA. HPV mRNA was not detected in any of the samples negative for high-risk HPV DNA. CONCLUSIONS HPV mRNA is detectable in oral rinses of cancer-free subjects. Oral HPV mRNA testing may be useful in the screening and/or early detection of HPV-driven OPC by possibly identifying active and transforming oral infections. The testing of individuals at increased risk for HPV-related OPC via simply and noninvasively collected oral specimens is an attractive option for future screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Lorenzon
- Surgical and Medical Department of Translational Science, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Colafigli
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Frasca
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Since their discovery as the etiologic agents of cervical cancer in the mid-1970s, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been linked with a growing number of epithelial-derived tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. HPV demonstrates a particular predilection for causing tumors of the oropharynx, with the majority of cases involving infection with high-oncogenic risk HPV-16. People living with HIV are at increased risk of infection with HPV- and HPV-related oral complications even with adequate control of their HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that underlie HPV-mediated oncogenesis in the oropharynx. We also describe the progress that has been made in understanding the epidemiology of oral HPV infection and the determinants of oral HPV-related pathology. Finally, we examine what can be done to treat and prevent oral HPV infection, benign lesions, and cancer, particularly in the context of the HIV-positive patient.
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Lin CC, Hsieh MC, Hung HC, Tsao SM, Chen SC, Yang HJ, Lee YT. Human papillomavirus prevalence and behavioral risk factors among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men in Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13201. [PMID: 30407359 PMCID: PMC6250439 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with cancer and can be prevented through vaccination. Few studies from Taiwan have reported on HPV infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of HPV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) with and without HIV infection in Taiwan, and explore the behavioral risk factors thereof.We conducted a cross-sectional study in Taiwan during 2013 to 2016 to collect data on MSM aged 20 years or older. We used a questionnaire in a face-to-face interview, and subsequently collected oral, anal, and genital specimens from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects. Multivariate analysis was performed to predict factors associated with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) positivity.Overall, 279 subjects, including 166 (59.5%) HIV-uninfected and 113 (40.5%) HIV-infected men were enrolled. Compared to HPV-negative subjects, HPV-positive subjects had significantly higher rates of receptive anal sex (91.3% vs 75.6%), substance use (22.6% vs 11%), history of sexually transmitted infections (75.7% vs 38.4%), anogenital or oral warts (39.1% vs 6.72%), syphilis (32.2% vs 11.6%), and HIV infection (69.6% vs 20.1%). We detected 489 HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) types (through 379 viable specimens), of which 43.6%, 5.7%, 56.4%, and 10.4% were HR-HPV type, HPV type 16, low-risk HPV types, and HPV type 6, respectively. In multivariate analysis, HIV-infected subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of HR-HPV infection (adjusted odds ratio, 5.80; 95% confidence interval, 2.57-13.11), compared to HIV-uninfected subjects.These results suggest that the prevalence of HPV infection was high among HIV-infected MSM. Additionally, anal HPV infection was observed to be common among both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM in Taiwan. The prevalence of oral and genital HPV infection, HR-HPV DNA types, and multiple HPV types was higher in HIV-infected subjects than in HIV-uninfected subjects. As only 35% of subjects practiced safe sex, we recommend routine HPV vaccination with 4-valent HPV or 9-valent HPV vaccines for both MSM, and HIV-infected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management
| | - Ming-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences and Technology
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| | - Hung-Chang Hung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nantou Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
| | - Shih-Ming Tsao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Shiuan-Chih Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hao-Jan Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Ti Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine
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Chandler E, Ding L, Gorbach P, Franco EL, Brown DA, Widdice LE, Bernstein DI, Kahn JA. Epidemiology of Any and Vaccine-Type Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Among 13-26-Year-Old Young Men After HPV Vaccine Introduction. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:43-49. [PMID: 30060856 PMCID: PMC6086131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to determine prevalence of and factors associated with any human papillomavirus (HPV) and vaccine-type HPV among young men after vaccine introduction, stratified by vaccination status. METHODS Young men were recruited from clinical sites from 2013 to 2015, completed a survey, and were tested for 36 anogenital HPV types. We determined factors associated with ≥1 HPV type among all participants, and vaccine-type HPV (HPV6, 11, 16, and/or 18) among all, vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, using multivariable regression. RESULTS Mean age was 21.5 years and 26% had received at least one HPV vaccine dose. HPV prevalence was lower in vaccinated versus unvaccinated young men (50.5% vs. 62.6%, p = .03). HPV positivity was discordant by anogenital site. At both sites, 59.4% were positive for ≥1 HPV type and 26.0% for ≥1 4-valent vaccine type. In multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with ≥1 HPV type among all participants were frequency of oral sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-3.24), recent smoking (OR = 1.84, CI = 1.17-2.90), and sexually transmitted infection history (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.02-2.38). Factors associated with vaccine-type HPV among all participants were white versus black race (OR = 1.91, CI = 1.10-3.34) and gonorrhea history (OR = 2.52, CI = 1.45-4.38); among vaccinated participants were private versus Medicaid insurance (OR = 5.6, CI = 1.46-20.4) and private versus no insurance (OR = 15.9, CI = 3.06-83.3); and among unvaccinated participants was gonorrhea history (OR = 1.83, CI = 1.03-3.24). CONCLUSIONS Anogenital HPV prevalence was high and vaccination rates low among young men 2-4 years after vaccine introduction, underscoring the urgency of increasing vaccination rates and vaccinating according to national guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Chandler
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Lili Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Pamina Gorbach
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, CHS 41–295, Conference Room: 46-070A, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772
| | - Eduardo L. Franco
- Departments of Oncology and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McGill University, 5100 Maisonneuve Blvd West, Suite 720; Montreal, QC, Canada H4A3T2
| | - Darron A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr. Emerson Hall, Suite 305 Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Lea E. Widdice
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - David I. Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Jessica A. Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati, OH 45229
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Tam S, Fu S, Xu L, Krause KJ, Lairson DR, Miao H, Sturgis EM, Dahlstrom KR. The epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus infection in healthy populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2018; 82:91-99. [PMID: 29909908 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a potentially oncogenic sexually transmitted infection. As the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) caused by oral HPV infections is rising, further investigation into the natural history of such infections is needed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize data on the prevalence, incidence, clearance, and persistence of oral HPV infections in healthy individuals. A systematic review of literature published between January 1995 and August 2017 was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis of prevalence and incidence data was conducted. Clearance and persistence data were extracted. Sixty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis demonstrated an overall prevalence of 7.7% for all types of HPV and 1.4% for high-risk HPV16. The overall incidence was 4.38 cases per 1000 person-months for all HPV types and 0.92 cases per 1000 person-months for HPV16. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that oral HPV infection has a lower prevalence and incidence than cervicogenital HPV infection in healthy individuals. Nonetheless, oral HPV is still an important concern, given its oncogenicity and the rising incidence of oropharyngeal cancer. Consistency of methodology will allow for better future comparisons, particularly of infection clearance and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Tam
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1445, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shuangshuang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1445, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kate J Krause
- Research Medical Library, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1445, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - David R Lairson
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hongyu Miao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, and Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1445, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kristina R Dahlstrom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1445, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Castillejos-García I, Ramírez-Amador VA, Carrillo-García A, García-Carrancá A, Lizano M, Anaya-Saavedra G. Type-specific persistence and clearance rates of HPV genotypes in the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa in an HIV/AIDS cohort. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:396-402. [PMID: 29380908 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections are frequent and persistent among the HIV-positive population and are associated with an increased risk for head and neck cancer (HNC). In this study, we sought to determine the incidence, persistence and clearance of HPV infections in oral and oropharyngeal samples from HIV/AIDS subjects. METHODS A longitudinal, observational and analytical study was performed with an ongoing cohort of HIV/AIDS subjects in Mexico City (September 2013-February 2015). The study was approved by institutional committees, and demographic and clinical data were registered. At the baseline and three-month visits, oral examinations and cytobrush samples were obtained. DNA was purified, quantified and used to detect an HPV-L1 gene fragment by nested PCR, using MY09/MY11 and GP5 + /GP6 + primers. HPV DNA products were purified, sequenced and typed according to HPV databases. Risk factors were assessed, and a multivariate modelling approach was used to determine independent effects. RESULTS This study included 97 HIV/AIDS individuals (91% men [86.4% of which are men who have sex with men], median age: 36 years, 72.2% under HAART). From the baseline visit, HPV was observed in 55.7% (HR-HPV: 26.8%; HPV-18: 24.1%), with a higher HPV-positive samples for smokers (61.1 vs 32.6%, P = .005). The three-month overall HPV incidence was 33.9%; type-specific HPV persistence was 33.3% (HR-HPV: 13.3%); and 13 of the 33 (39.4%) baseline HPV-positive individuals cleared the infection (HR-HPV: 53.8%). CONCLUSIONS Although HR-HPV persistence was low, and clearance of the infection was observed in most cases, a close follow-up is necessary, given the increase in HNC among HIV-subjects, particularly HPV-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Castillejos-García
- Oral Pathology and Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Velia A Ramírez-Amador
- Oral Pathology and Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adela Carrillo-García
- Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Anaya-Saavedra
- Oral Pathology and Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
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Vergori A, Garbuglia AR, Piselli P, Del Nonno F, Sias C, Lupi F, Lapa D, Baiocchini A, Cimaglia C, Gentile M, Antinori A, Capobianchi M, Ammassari A. Oral human Papillomavirus DNA detection in HIV-positive men: prevalence, predictors, and co-occurrence at anal site. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:25. [PMID: 29310590 PMCID: PMC5759194 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-positive patients carry an increased risk of HPV infection and associated cancers. Therefore, prevalence and patterns of HPV infection at different anatomical sites, as well as theoretical protection of nonavalent vaccine should be investigated. Aim was to describe prevalence and predictors of oral HPV detection in HIV-positive men, with attention to nonavalent vaccine-targeted HPV types. Further, co-occurrence of HPV DNA at oral cavity and at anal site was assessed. METHODS This cross-sectional, clinic-based study included 305 HIV-positive males (85.9% MSM; median age 44.7 years; IQR: 37.4-51.0), consecutively observed within an anal cancer screening program, after written informed consent. Indication for anal screening was given by the HIV physician during routine clinic visit. Paired oral rinse and anal samples were processed for the all HPV genotypes with QIASYMPHONY and a PCR with MY09/MY11 primers for the L1 region. RESULTS At the oral cavity, HPV DNA was detected in 64 patients (20.9%), and in 28.1% of these cases multiple HPV infections were found. Prevalence of oral HPV was significantly lower than that observed at the anal site (p < 0.001), where HPV DNA was found in 199 cases (85.2%). Oral HPV tended to be more frequent in patients with detectable anal HPV than in those without (p = 0.08). Out of 265 HPV DNA-positive men regardless anatomic site, 59 cases (19.3%) had detectable HPV at both sites, and 51 of these showed completely different HPV types. At least one nonavalent vaccine-targeted HPV type was found in 17/64 (26.6%) of patients with oral and 199/260 (76.5%) with anal infection. At multivariable analysis, factors associated with positive oral HPV were: CD4 cells <200/μL (versus CD4 cells >200/μL, p = 0.005) and >5 sexual partners in the previous 12 months (versus 0-1 partner, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In this study on Italian HIV-positive men (predominantly MSM), oral HPV DNA was detected in approximately one fifth of tested subjects, but prevalence was significantly lower than that observed at anal site. Low CD4 cell count and increasing number of recent sexual partners significantly increased the odds of positive oral HPV. The absence of co-occurrence at the two anatomical sites may suggest different routes or timing of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, INMI "L.Spallanzani", Rome, Italy. .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS L.Spallanzani, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Franca Del Nonno
- Laboratory of Pathology, INMI "L.Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS L.Spallanzani, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Sias
- Laboratory of Virology, INMI "L.Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, INMI "L.Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
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Rollo F, Latini A, Pichi B, Colafigli M, Benevolo M, Sinopoli I, Sperduti I, Laquintana V, Fabbri G, Frasca M, Cristaudo A, Giuliani M, Donà MG. Prevalence and determinants of oral infection by Human Papillomavirus in HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184623. [PMID: 28910359 PMCID: PMC5599005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is rare in the general population but common in high-risk individuals. Recent data indicate that oral HPV is associated with the development of head and neck carcinomas. HPV16 infection, in particular, increases the risk of oropharyngeal cancer. Methods We evaluated oral HPV prevalence and determinants of infection in cancer-free HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited among attendees of an STI/HIV centre. Oral rinse and gargles were collected using a mouthwash and analyzed with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test. Socio-demographic and behavioral data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Results Overall, 170 MSM participated: 98 HIV-uninfected and 72 HIV-infected (91.7% under cART). Oral HPV was detected in 17.3% and 27.8% of the subjects, respectively (p = 0.13). Non-carcinogenic HPVs were significantly more common among HIV-infected MSM (18.1% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.01). Prevalence of the HPV types included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine was similar (6.1% vs. 8.3% for the HIV-negative and positive MSM, respectively, p = 0.76). HPV16 was the most frequent type in HIV-negative (5.1%), and HIV-positive individuals, in the latter group together with HPV18, 72 and 84 (4.2% each). Older age at first sex (AOR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.17–13.86 for those older than 18 years of age at first intercourse, p = 0.027) and a higher lifetime number of receptive oral sex partners (AOR: 9.14, 95% CI: 2.49–33.62 for those with >50 compared to ≤50 partners, p<0.001) were determinants of oral HPV among HIV-infected MSM. Conclusion Oral HPV infection among MSM attending an urban STI center is very frequent compared to the general population. Sexual behavior appears to be the major determinant of infection among the HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Colafigli
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Sinopoli
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Laquintana
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fabbri
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Frasca
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Wood ZC, Bain CJ, Smith DD, Whiteman DC, Antonsson A. Oral human papillomavirus infection incidence and clearance: a systematic review of the literature. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:519-526. [PMID: 28150575 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection that persists for decades is likely to precede an HPV-driven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, but little is known about the natural history of oral HPV. We systematically reviewed and abstracted data from nine manuscripts that examined human immunodeficiency virus-negative and cancer-free subjects for oral HPV DNA to determine the pooled baseline prevalence and incidence of newly acquired oral HPV infections, and specifically for HPV-16. We also documented the clearance rate and the median time to clearance, where data existed. Of 3762 individuals, 7.5 % had an oral infection with any HPV type (1.6 % for HPV-16). Meta-regression analysis estimated the 12-month cumulative incidence to be 4.8 % (95 % confidence interval 3.2-7.3 %). The overall oral HPV clearance was reported to be 0-80 % between studies, and the median time to clearance from 6.5 to 18 months. Oral HPV-16 clearance was 43-83 %, and median time to clearance for HPV-16 was 7-22 months. Oral HPV prevalence, incidence and clearance vary considerably between published studies from different geographical regions. Further research is required to identify predictors of persistent oral HPV infection. Measurable baseline prevalence was observed in all studies, as well as non-trivial incidence of newly acquired oral HPV infections and incomplete clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe C Wood
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher J Bain
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David D Smith
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annika Antonsson
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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