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Sola-Sevilla N, Puerta E. SIRT2 as a potential new therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:124-131. [PMID: 37488853 PMCID: PMC10479864 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia globally with an increasing incidence over the years, bringing a heavy burden to individuals and society due to the lack of an effective treatment. In this context, sirtuin 2, the sirtuin with the highest expression in the brain, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes and discusses the complex roles of sirtuin 2 in different molecular mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease such as amyloid and tau pathology, microtubule stability, neuroinflammation, myelin formation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. The role of sirtuin 2 in all these processes highlights its potential implication in the etiology and development of Alzheimer's disease. However, its presence in different cell types and its enormous variety of substrates leads to apparently contradictory conclusions when it comes to understanding its specific functions. Further studies in sirtuin 2 research with selective sirtuin 2 modulators targeting specific sirtuin 2 substrates are necessary to clarify its specific functions under different conditions and to validate it as a novel pharmacological target. This will contribute to the development of new treatment strategies, not only for Alzheimer's disease but also for other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Sola-Sevilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Puerta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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2
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Martino E, D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri A, Mele L, Sardu C, Marfella R, Campanile G, Balestrieri ML. MiR-15b-5p and PCSK9 inhibition reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial dysfunction by targeting SIRT4. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:66. [PMID: 37587410 PMCID: PMC10428548 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction and deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the development of sepsis and are associated with septic organ failure and death. Here, we explored the role of miR-15b-5p on inflammatory pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human endothelial cells, HUVEC and TeloHAEC. METHODS The miR-15b-5p levels were evaluated in LPS-stimulated HUVEC and TeloHAEC cells by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Functional experiments using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), transfection with antagomir, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted, along with investigation of pyroptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) by cytofluorometric analysis and verified by fluorescence microscopy. Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) levels were detected by ELISA and immunoblotting, while proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expression was determined by flow cytometry (FACS) and immunofluorescence analyses. Dual-luciferase reporter evaluation was performed to confirm the miR-15b-5p-SIRT4 interaction. RESULTS The results showed a correlation among miR-15b-5p, PCSK9, and SIRT4 levels in septic HUVEC and TeloHAEC. Inhibition of miR-15b-5p upregulated SIRT4 content, alleviated sepsis-related inflammatory pathways, attenuated mitochondrial stress, and prevented apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagic mechanisms. Finally, a PCSK9 inhibitor (i-PCSK9) was used to analyze the involvement of PCSK9 in septic endothelial injury. i-PCSK9 treatment increased SIRT4 protein levels, opposed the septic inflammatory cascade leading to pyroptosis and autophagy, and strengthened the protective role of miR-15b-5p inhibition. Increased luciferase signal validated the miR-15b-5p-SIRT4 binding. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro findings suggested the miR-15b-5p-SIRT4 axis as a suitable target for LPS-induced inflammatory pathways occurring in sepsis, and provide additional knowledge on the beneficial effect of i-PCSK9 in preventing vascular damage by targeting SIRT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Chen H, Zhang X, Su H, Zeng J, Chan H, Li Q, Liu X, Zhang L, Wu WKK, Chan MTV, Chen H. Immune dysregulation and RNA N6-methyladenosine modification in sepsis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1764. [PMID: 36149809 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host immune dysregulation to infection. It is a highly heterogeneous syndrome with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. The host immune response to sepsis can be divided into hyper-inflammatory and immune-suppressive phases which could exist simultaneously. In the initial stage, systemic immune response is activated after exposure to pathogens. Both innate and adaptive immune cells undergo epigenomic, transcriptomic, and functional reprogramming, resulting in systemic and persistent inflammatory responses. Following the hyper-inflammatory phase, the body is in a state of continuous immunosuppression, which is related to immune cell apoptosis, metabolic failure, and epigenetic reprogramming. Immunosuppression leads to increased susceptibility to secondary infections in patients with sepsis. RNA N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) has been recognized as an indispensable epitranscriptomic modification involved in both physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies suggest that m6A could reprogram both innate and adaptive immune cells through posttranscriptional regulation of RNA metabolism. Dysregulated m6A modifications contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases. In this review, we summarize immune cell changes and the potential role of m6A modification in sepsis. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judeng Zeng
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew Tak Vai Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Kibler C, Cross E, Abraham S, Bellar A, Nagy LE, Scheraga RG, Vachharajani V. SIRT2-PFKP interaction dysregulates phagocytosis in macrophages with acute ethanol-exposure. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1079962. [PMID: 36865524 PMCID: PMC9972587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse, reported by 1/8th critically ill patients, is an independent risk factor for death in sepsis. Sepsis kills over 270,000 patients/year in the US. We reported that the ethanol-exposure suppresses innate-immune response, pathogen clearance, and decreases survival in sepsis-mice via sirtuin 2 (SIRT2). SIRT2 is an NAD+-dependent histone-deacetylase with anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that in ethanol-exposed macrophages, SIRT2 suppresses phagocytosis and pathogen clearance by regulating glycolysis. Immune cells use glycolysis to fuel increased metabolic and energy demand of phagocytosis. Using ethanol-exposed mouse bone marrow- and human blood monocyte-derived macrophages, we found that SIRT2 mutes glycolysis via deacetylating key glycolysis regulating enzyme phosphofructokinase-platelet isoform (PFKP), at mouse lysine 394 (mK394, human: hK395). Acetylation of PFKP at mK394 (hK395) is crucial for PFKP function as a glycolysis regulating enzyme. The PFKP also facilitates phosphorylation and activation of autophagy related protein 4B (Atg4B). Atg4B activates microtubule associated protein 1 light chain-3B (LC3). LC3 is a driver of a subset of phagocytosis, the LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), which is crucial for segregation and enhanced clearance of pathogens, in sepsis. We found that in ethanol-exposed cells, the SIRT2-PFKP interaction leads to decreased Atg4B-phosphorylation, decreased LC3 activation, repressed phagocytosis and LAP. Genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 reverse PFKP-deacetylation, suppressed LC3-activation and phagocytosis including LAP, in ethanol-exposed macrophages to improve bacterial clearance and survival in ethanol with sepsis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Kibler
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily Cross
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Susamma Abraham
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Annett Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rachel Greenberg Scheraga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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5
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Chen H, Peng Y, Wang L, Wang X. Sevoflurane attenuates cognitive dysfunction and NLRP3-dependent caspase-1/11-GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis in the hippocampus via upregulation of SIRT1 in a sepsis model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1413-1420. [PMID: 32538180 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1773860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Septic encephalopathy (SE) is a devastating consequence of sepsis, a hyper-triggered host response against infectious challenge, which ultimately leads to brain damage. The present study examined whether sevoflurane (SVF), a volatile anaesthetic, can counteract the perturbation of homeostasis in a caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse model of SE. SVF enhances neurocognition in terms of spatial memory improvement via counter-regulation of activated oxidative-inflammatory stress and pyroptotic processes in SE. Further, the beneficial effects of SVF against SE are mediated by activation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)-mediated reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, regulation of thioredoxin (TXN) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TIP) levels, reduction of inflammatory-pyroptotic signalling (NLRP3, caspase 1/11, GSDMD, TLR4 and TRIF) proteins, as well as a reduction of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-18) levels. These findings suggest that SVF may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of SE and associated cognitive malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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6
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Role of succinic acid in the regulation of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109065. [PMID: 35853278 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by a defensive response to damage. The immune response in patients with sepsis is overenhanced in the early stages and suppressed in the later stages, leading to poor prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic changes play a role in sepsis. Metabolic intermediates such as elevated succinic acid levels are significantly altered in patients with sepsis. Succinic acid, a metabolic intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, participates in energy supply and plays a role in metabolic reprogramming. Simultaneously, as an epigenetic regulator, it participates in gene transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. It also participates in the inflammatory response, hypoxia, and the production of reactive oxygen species via endocrine and paracrine pathways. In this review, we have discussed the effects of succinic acid on sepsis and its therapeutic potential.
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7
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Jeansonne D, Jeyaseelan S. Role of an anti-aging molecule in a toxic lifestyle: Relevance for alcohol effects on sepsis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:912-915. [PMID: 33650706 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duane Jeansonne
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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8
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Singanayagam A, Triantafyllou E. Macrophages in Chronic Liver Failure: Diversity, Plasticity and Therapeutic Targeting. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661182. [PMID: 33868313 PMCID: PMC8051585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury results in immune-driven progressive fibrosis, with risk of cirrhosis development and impact on morbidity and mortality. Persistent liver cell damage and death causes immune cell activation and inflammation. Patients with advanced cirrhosis additionally experience pathological bacterial translocation, exposure to microbial products and chronic engagement of the immune system. Bacterial infections have a high incidence in cirrhosis, with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis being the most common, while the subsequent systemic inflammation, organ failure and immune dysregulation increase the mortality risk. Tissue-resident and recruited macrophages play a central part in the development of inflammation and fibrosis progression. In the liver, adipose tissue, peritoneum and intestines, diverse macrophage populations exhibit great phenotypic and functional plasticity determined by their ontogeny, epigenetic programming and local microenvironment. These changes can, at different times, promote or ameliorate disease states and therefore represent potential targets for macrophage-directed therapies. In this review, we discuss the evidence for macrophage phenotypic and functional alterations in tissue compartments during the development and progression of chronic liver failure in different aetiologies and highlight the potential of macrophage modulation as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjuna Singanayagam
- Infection and Immunity Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Roychowdhury S, Gandhirajan A, Kibler C, Wang X, Vachharajani V. Sirtuin 2 Dysregulates Autophagy in High-Fat-Exposed Immune-Tolerant Macrophages. Cells 2021; 10:731. [PMID: 33810233 PMCID: PMC8066127 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases morbidity and resource utilization in sepsis patients. The immune response in sepsis transitions from an endotoxin-responsive hyper- to an endotoxin-tolerant hypo-inflammatory phase. The majority of sepsis mortality occurs during hypo-inflammation. We reported prolonged hypo-inflammation with increased sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) expression in obese-septic mice. The effect of direct exposure to high-fat/free fatty acid (FFA) and the role of SIRT2 in immune cells during the transition to hypo-inflammation is not well-understood. Autophagy, a degradation process of damaged protein/organelles, is dysregulated during sepsis. Here, we investigated the effect of direct FFA exposure and the role of SIRT2 expression on autophagy as macrophages transition from hyper-to hypo-inflammation. We found, FFA-exposed RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation undergo endotoxin-sensitive ("sensitive") hyper- followed by endotoxin tolerant ("tolerant") hypo-inflammatory phases; SIRT2 expression increases significantly in tolerant cells. Autophagy proteins LC3b-II, and beclin-1 increase in FFA-sensitive and decrease in tolerant cells; p62 expressions continue to accumulate in tolerant cells. We observed that SIRT2 directly deacetylates α-tubulin and impairs autophagy clearance. Importantly, we find SIRT2 inhibitor AK-7 treatment during endotoxin tolerant phase reverses autophagy dysregulation with improved autophagy clearance in FFA-tolerant cells. Thus, we report impaired autophagosome formation and autophagy clearance via increased SIRT2 expression in FFA-exposed tolerant macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.R.); (A.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.R.); (A.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Christopher Kibler
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.R.); (A.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.R.); (A.G.); (C.K.)
- Department of Critical Care, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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10
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Sola-Sevilla N, Ricobaraza A, Hernandez-Alcoceba R, Aymerich MS, Tordera RM, Puerta E. Understanding the Potential Role of Sirtuin 2 on Aging: Consequences of SIRT2.3 Overexpression in Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3107. [PMID: 33803627 PMCID: PMC8003096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) has been associated to aging and age-related pathologies. Specifically, an age-dependent accumulation of isoform 3 of SIRT2 in the CNS has been demonstrated; however, no study has addressed the behavioral or molecular consequences that this could have on aging. In the present study, we have designed an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV-CAG-Sirt2.3-eGFP) for the overexpression of SIRT2.3 in the hippocampus of 2 month-old SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice. Our results show that the specific overexpression of this isoform does not induce significant behavioral or molecular effects at short or long term in the control strain. Only a tendency towards a worsening in the performance in acquisition phase of the Morris Water Maze was found in SAMP8 mice, together with a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-1β. These results suggest that the age-related increase of SIRT2.3 found in the brain is not responsible for induction or prevention of senescence. Nevertheless, in combination with other risk factors, it could contribute to the progression of age-related processes. Understanding the specific role of SIRT2 on aging and the underlying molecular mechanisms is essential to design new and more successful therapies for the treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Sola-Sevilla
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Ricobaraza
- Gene Therapy Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba
- Gene Therapy Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria S Aymerich
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroscience Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Tordera
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Puerta
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Tindal EW, Armstead BE, Monaghan SF, Heffernan DS, Ayala A. Emerging therapeutic targets for sepsis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:175-189. [PMID: 33641552 PMCID: PMC8122062 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1897107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis-associated morbidity/mortality demands concerted research efforts toward therapeutic interventions which are reliable, broadly effective, and etiologically based. More intensive and extensive investigations on alterations in cellular signaling pathways, gene targeting as a means of modifying the characteristic hyper and/or hypo-immune responses, prevention through optimization of the microbiome, and the molecular pathways underlying the septic immune response could improve outcomes.] Areas covered: The authors discuss key experimental mammalian models and clinical trials. They provide an evaluation of evolving therapeutics in sepsis and how they have built upon past and current treatments. Relevant literature was derived from a PubMed search spanning 1987-2020.Expert opinion: Given the complex nature of sepsis and the elicited immune response, it is not surprising that a single cure-all therapeutic intervention, which is capable of effectively and reliably improving patient outcomes has failed to emerge. Innovative approaches seek to address not only the disease process but modify underlying patient factors. A true improvement in sepsis-associated morbidity/mortality will require a combination of unique therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Tindal
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brandon E Armstead
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sean F Monaghan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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12
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Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Kibler C, Bauer SR, Nagy LE, Vachharajani V. Ethanol Exposure Attenuates Immune Response in Sepsis via Sirtuin 2 Expression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:338-350. [PMID: 33368409 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and septic shock kill over 270,000 patients per year in the United States. Sepsis transitions from a hyper-inflammatory to a hypo-inflammatory phase. Alcohol dependence is a risk factor for mortality from sepsis. Ethanol (EtOH) exposure impairs pathogen clearance through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) interferes with pathogen clearance in immune cells but its role in the effects of EtOH on sepsis is unknown. We studied the effect of EtOH exposure on hyper- and hypo-inflammation and the role of SIRT2 in mice. METHODS We exposed C57Bl/6 (WT) mice to EtOH via drinking water and used intraperitoneal cecal slurry (CS)-induced sepsis to study: (i) 7-day survival, (ii) leukocyte adhesion (LA) in the mesenteric microcirculation during hyper- and hypo-inflammation, (iii) peritoneal cavity bacterial clearance, and (iv) SIRT2 expression in peritoneal macrophages. Using EtOH-exposed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 (RAW) cell macrophages for 4 hours or 24 hours, we studied: (i) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and SIRT2 expression, and (ii) the effect of the SIRT2 inhibitor AK-7 on inflammatory response at 24 hours. Lastly, we studied the effect of EtOH on sepsis in whole body Sirt2 knockout (SIRT2KO) mice during hyper- and hypo-inflammation, bacterial clearance, and 7-day survival. RESULTS WT EtOH-sepsis mice showed: (i) Decreased survival, (ii) Muted LA in the microcirculation, (iii) Lower plasma TNF-α and IL-6 expression, (iv) Decreased bacterial clearance, and (v) Increased SIRT2 expression in peritoneal macrophages versus vehicle-sepsis. EtOH-exposed LPS-stimulated RAW cells showed: (i) Muted TNF-α, IL-6, and increased IL-10 expression at 4 hours, (ii) endotoxin tolerance at 24 hours, and (iii) reversal of endotoxin tolerance with the SIRT2 inhibitor AK-7. EtOH-exposed SIRT2KO-sepsis mice showed greater 7-day survival, LA, and bacterial clearance than WT EtOH-sepsis mice. CONCLUSION EtOH exposure decreases survival and reduces the inflammatory response to sepsis via increased SIRT2 expression. SIRT2 is a potential therapeutic target in EtOH with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Kibler
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Seth R Bauer
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Critical Care, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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13
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Xu H, Li J, Yu X, Zhang H, Gao H, Wang B, Wang Y. Sirtuin 2 expression levels may predict the progression of sepsis survivors to chronic critical illness. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:150. [PMID: 33569452 PMCID: PMC7867923 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a conserved deacetylase that participates in the regulation of inflammation in sepsis. In this observational prospective study, we investigated the predictive value of the SIRT2 expression level in the development of chronic critical illness (CCI) in patients with sepsis. Methods A total of 128 critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock were enrolled and assigned to the CCI group, rapid recovery (RAP) group, or early death group according to their clinical trajectories. Patients’ demographic and clinical information, as well as laboratory data, including C-reactive protein (CRP) level and total lymphocyte counts, were collected. Blood samples were obtained at admission and on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 (days 14 and 21 for the CCI group only). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and SIRT2 expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Our cohort included 37 CCI and 82 RAP patients, and 9 early death patients, who died within 14 days of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Compared with the RAP group, CCI patients showed elevated CRP and IL-6 levels throughout the observation period, reflecting a sustained inflammatory response. However, decreases in total lymphocyte count and IL-10 expression in these patients were indicative of immunosuppression. SIRT2 mRNA level was lower in CCI and RAP patients compared with healthy controls at the initial stage of hospitalization, but increased starting on day 4 and continued to increase for the duration of hospitalization. By day 10, SIRT2 expression had almost returned to normal in RAP patients; however, in CCI patients, it continued to increase until the end of the observation period. A receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the expression level of SIRT2 at 10 days predicts the occurrence of CCI (P<0.05). Conclusions SIRT2 expression may be a useful marker for identifying sepsis survivors who are at risk of progressing to CCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huihong Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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BxPC-3-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Induce FOXP3+ Treg through ATM-AMPK-Sirtuins-Mediated FOXOs Nuclear Translocations. iScience 2020; 23:101431. [PMID: 32798974 PMCID: PMC7452591 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment faces serious challenges, due particularly to the poor immunogenicity. Cancer cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play important roles in damaging the immune system. However, the effects of pancreatic cancer-derived sEVs on T lymphocytes are unknown. Here we investigated changes in phenotypes and signal transduction pathways in sEVs-treated T lymphocytes. We identified the overexpression of immune checkpoint proteins PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, and Tim-3 and the enrichment of FOXP3+ Treg cluster in sEVs-treated T lymphocytes by CyTOF. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that DNA damage response and metabolic pathways might be involved in sEVs-induced Tregs. ATM, AMPK, SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6 were activated sequentially in sEVs-treated T lymphocytes and essential for sEVs-upregulated expressions of FOXO1A, FOXO3A, and FOXP3. Our study reveals the impact and mechanism of pancreatic cancer cell-derived sEVs on T lymphocytes and may provide insights into developing immunotherapy strategies for PDAC treatment. Human pancreatic cancer cells-derived sEVs induce Treg promotion DNA damage responses and metabolism are altered in sEVs-stimulated T lymphocytes ATM-AMPK-SIRT1/2/6-FOXO1A/3A axis plays a role in sEVs-induced Treg FOXO1A, FOXO3A, and FOXP3 are highly expressed in pancreatic cancer-involved lymph nodes
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15
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Bhaskar A, Kumar S, Khan MZ, Singh A, Dwivedi VP, Nandicoori VK. Host sirtuin 2 as an immunotherapeutic target against tuberculosis. eLife 2020; 9:55415. [PMID: 32697192 PMCID: PMC7398663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs plethora of mechanisms to hijack the host defence machinery for its successful survival, proliferation and persistence. Here, we show that Mtb upregulates one of the key epigenetic modulators, NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), which upon infection translocate to the nucleus and deacetylates histone H3K18, thus modulating the host transcriptome leading to enhanced macrophage activation. Furthermore, in Mtb specific T cells, SIRT2 deacetylates NFκB-p65 at K310 to modulate T helper cell differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 restricts the intracellular growth of both drug-sensitive and resistant strains of Mtb and enhances the efficacy of front line anti-TB drug Isoniazid in the murine model of infection. SIRT2 inhibitor-treated mice display reduced bacillary load, decreased disease pathology and increased Mtb-specific protective immune responses. Overall, this study provides a link between Mtb infection, epigenetics and host immune response, which can be exploited to achieve therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhaskar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory 1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehak Zahoor Khan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory 1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Nandicoori
- Signal Transduction Laboratory 1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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16
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Sun K, Wang X, Fang N, Xu A, Lin Y, Zhao X, Nazarali AJ, Ji S. SIRT2 suppresses expression of inflammatory factors via Hsp90-glucocorticoid receptor signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7439-7450. [PMID: 32515550 PMCID: PMC7339210 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT2 is a NAD+‐dependent deacetylase that deacetylates a diverse array of protein substrates and is involved in many cellular processes, including regulation of inflammation. However, its precise role in the inflammatory process has not completely been elucidated. Here, we identify heat‐shock protein 90α (Hsp90α) as novel substrate of SIRT2. Functional investigation suggests that Hsp90 is deacetylated by SIRT2, such that overexpression and knock‐down of SIRT2 altered the acetylation level of Hsp90. This subsequently resulted in disassociation of Hsp90 with glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and translocation of GR to the nucleus. This observation was further confirmed by glucocorticoid response element (GRE)‐driven reporter assay. Nuclear translocation of GR induced by SIRT2 overexpression repressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which were even more prominent under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Conversely, SIRT2 knock‐down resulted in the up‐regulation of cytokine expression. Mutation analysis indicated that deacetylation of Hsp90 at K294 is critical for SIRT2‐mediated regulation of cytokine expression. These data suggest that SIRT2 reduces the extent of LPS‐induced inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors via SIRT2‐Hsp90‐GR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Ao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | | | - Adil J Nazarali
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China.,College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Vachharajani V, McCall CE. Sirtuins: potential therapeutic targets for regulating acute inflammatory response? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:489-497. [PMID: 32174215 PMCID: PMC10514892 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1743268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sirtuins are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) sensors that are considered the guardians of homeostasis. Acute inflammation, which is intended to ward off pathogen invasion, is nature's highly conserved stress-associated and molecular-based survival mechanism for most life forms. Acute inflammatory responses deviate cells from the homeostasis to enable survival. It is not surprising perhaps, that these two must interact in the most dramatic way to preserve homeostasis and preserve life.Areas covered: In this review, we present an overview of sirtuin responses in acute life-threatening inflammatory conditions. We examine how the seven sirtuins (sirtuins 1-7) are responsible for modulating the acute inflammatory response in a context-dependent manner, thus presenting novel therapeutic targets. The database search includes Medline (since 1966) and PubMed (since 1996).Expert opinion: Sirtuins fine-tune the inflammatory response to acute infectious and noninfectious inflammatory stimuli. Modulating sirtuin activity leads to profound changes in inflammatory response. Sirtuin-activating and inhibiting agents are emerging as therapeutic agents to resolve inflammation and promote homeostasis in chronic inflammation. The use of sirtuin modulation in acute life-threatening inflammatory conditions has great potential.
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18
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Beckmann N, Salyer CE, Crisologo PA, Nomellini V, Caldwell CC. Staging and Personalized Intervention for Infection and Sepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2020; 21:732-744. [PMID: 32240042 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2019.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is defined as a dysregulated host response to infection, resulting in life-threatening organ dysfunction. It is now understood that this dysregulation not only constitutes excessive inflammation, but also sustained immune suppression. Immune-modulatory therapies thus have great potential for novel sepsis therapies. Here, we provide a review of biomarkers and functional assays designed to immunologically stage patients with sepsis as well as therapies designed to alter the innate and adaptive immune systems of patients with sepsis beneficially. Methods: A search of PubMed/MEDLINE and clinicaltrials.gov was performed between October 1, 2019 and December 22, 2019 using search terms such as "sepsis immunotherapy," "sepsis biomarkers," "sepsis clinical trials," and variations thereof. Results: Despite more than 30 years of research, there is still no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared biomarker that has proven to be effective in either identifying patients with sepsis who are at an increased risk of adverse outcomes or responsive to specific interventions. Similarly, past clinical trials investigating new treatment strategies have rarely stratified patients with sepsis. Overall, the results of these trials have been disappointing. Novel efforts to properly gauge an individual patient's immune response and choose an appropriate immunomodulatory agent based on the results are underway. Conclusion: Our evolving understanding of the different mechanisms perturbing immune homeostasis during sepsis strongly suggests that future successes will depend on finding the right therapy for the right patient and administering it at the right time. For such a personalized medicine approach, novel biomarkers and functional assays to properly stage the patient with sepsis will be crucial. The growing repertoire of immunomodulatory agents at our disposal, as well as re-appraisal of agents that have already been tested in unstratified cohorts of patients with sepsis, may finally translate into successful treatment strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Division of Research, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christen E Salyer
- Division of Research, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter A Crisologo
- Division of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vanessa Nomellini
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Research, Shriner's Hospital for Children Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Research, Shriner's Hospital for Children Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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19
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Li T, Garcia-Gomez A, Morante-Palacios O, Ciudad L, Özkaramehmet S, Van Dijck E, Rodríguez-Ubreva J, Vaquero A, Ballestar E. SIRT1/2 orchestrate acquisition of DNA methylation and loss of histone H3 activating marks to prevent premature activation of inflammatory genes in macrophages. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:665-681. [PMID: 31799621 PMCID: PMC6954413 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins 1 and 2 (SIRT1/2) are two NAD-dependent deacetylases with major roles in inflammation. In addition to deacetylating histones and other proteins, SIRT1/2-mediated regulation is coupled with other epigenetic enzymes. Here, we investigate the links between SIRT1/2 activity and DNA methylation in macrophage differentiation due to their relevance in myeloid cells. SIRT1/2 display drastic upregulation during macrophage differentiation and their inhibition impacts the expression of many inflammation-related genes. In this context, SIRT1/2 inhibition abrogates DNA methylation gains, but does not affect demethylation. Inhibition of hypermethylation occurs at many inflammatory loci, which results in more drastic upregulation of their expression upon macrophage polarization following bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. SIRT1/2-mediated gains of methylation concur with decreases in activating histone marks, and their inhibition revert these histone marks to resemble an open chromatin. Remarkably, specific inhibition of DNA methyltransferases is sufficient to upregulate inflammatory genes that are maintained in a silent state by SIRT1/2. Both SIRT1 and SIRT2 directly interact with DNMT3B, and their binding to proinflammatory genes is lost upon exposure to LPS or through pharmacological inhibition of their activity. In all, we describe a novel role for SIRT1/2 to restrict premature activation of proinflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Gomez
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Octavio Morante-Palacios
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ciudad
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sevgi Özkaramehmet
- Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evelien Van Dijck
- Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Nwafor DC, Chakraborty S, Brichacek AL, Jun S, Gambill CA, Wang W, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Dakhlallah D, Pinkerton AB, Millán JL, Benkovic SA, Brown CM. Loss of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) enzyme activity in cerebral microvessels is coupled to persistent neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits in late sepsis. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:115-131. [PMID: 31778743 PMCID: PMC7010562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a host response to systemic inflammation and infection that may lead to multi-organ dysfunction and eventual death. While acute brain dysfunction is common among all sepsis patients, chronic neurological impairment is prevalent among sepsis survivors. The brain microvasculature has emerged as a major determinant of sepsis-associated brain dysfunction, yet the mechanisms that underlie its associated neuroimmune perturbations and behavioral deficits are not well understood. An emerging body of data suggests that inhibition of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) enzyme activity in cerebral microvessels may be associated with changes in endothelial cell barrier integrity. The objective of this study was to elucidate the connection between alterations in cerebrovascular TNAP enzyme activity and brain microvascular dysfunction in late sepsis. We hypothesized that the disruption of TNAP enzymatic activity in cerebral microvessels would be coupled to the sustained loss of brain microvascular integrity, elevated neuroinflammatory responses, and behavioral deficits. Male mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a model of experimental sepsis, and assessed up to seven days post-sepsis. All mice were observed daily for sickness behavior and underwent behavioral testing. Our results showed a significant decrease in brain microvascular TNAP enzyme activity in the somatosensory cortex and spinal cord of septic mice but not in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions. Furthermore, we showed that loss of cerebrovascular TNAP enzyme activity was coupled to a loss of claudin-5 and increased perivascular IgG infiltration in the somatosensory cortex. Analyses of whole brain myeloid and T-lymphoid cell populations also revealed a persistent elevation of infiltrating leukocytes, which included both neutrophil and monocyte myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Regional analyses of the somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord revealed significant astrogliosis and microgliosis in the cortex and spinal cord of septic mice that was accompanied by significant microgliosis in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions. Assessment of behavioral deficits revealed no changes in learning and memory or evoked locomotion. However, the hot plate test uncovered a novel anti-nociceptive phenotype in our septic mice, and we speculate that this phenotype may be a consequence of sustained GFAP astrogliosis and loss of TNAP activity in the somatosensory cortex and spinal cord of septic mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the loss of TNAP enzyme activity in cerebral microvessels during late sepsis is coupled to sustained neuroimmune dysfunction which may underlie, in part, the chronic neurological impairments observed in sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine C. Nwafor
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Sreeparna Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Allison L. Brichacek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Sujung Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Catheryne A. Gambill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | | | - Duaa Dakhlallah
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Cancer Institute, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | | | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Stanley A. Benkovic
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Candice M. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA,Corresponding Author: Candice M. Brown, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Neuroscience, 108 Biomedical Road, Box 9303, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences, Morgantown, WV 26506, Phone: 304-293-0589,
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21
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Zhang J, Tao J, Ling Y, Li F, Zhu X, Xu L, Wang M, Zhang S, McCall CE, Liu TF. Switch of NAD Salvage to de novo Biosynthesis Sustains SIRT1-RelB-Dependent Inflammatory Tolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2358. [PMID: 31681271 PMCID: PMC6797595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical inflammatory response sequentially progresses from pro-inflammatory, immune suppressive to inflammatory repairing phases. Although the physiological inflammatory response resolves in time, severe acute inflammation usually sustains immune tolerance and leads to high mortality, yet the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here, using the leukemia-derived THP-1 human monocytes, healthy and septic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we report that endotoxin dose-dependent switch of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis pathways sustain immune tolerant status. Low dose endotoxin triggered nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-dependent NAD salvage activity to adapt pro-inflammation. In contrast, high dose endotoxin drove a shift of NAD synthesis pathway from early NAMPT-dependent NAD salvage to late indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1)-dependent NAD de novo biosynthesis, leading to persistent immune suppression. This is resulted from the IDO1-dependent expansion of nuclear NAD pool and nuclear NAD-dependent prolongation of sirtuin1 (SIRT1)-directed epigenetics of immune tolerance. Inhibition of IDO1 activity predominantly decreased nuclear NAD level, which promoted sequential dissociations of immunosuppressive SIRT1 and RelB from the promoter of pro-inflammatory TNF-α gene and broke endotoxin tolerance. Thus, NAMPT-NAD-SIRT1 axis adapts pro-inflammation, but IDO1-NAD-SIRT1-RelB axis sustains endotoxin tolerance during acute inflammatory response. Remarkably, in contrast to the prevention of sepsis death of animal model by IDO1 inhibition before sepsis initiation, we demonstrated that the combination therapy of IDO1 inhibition by 1-methyl-D-tryptophan (1-MT) and tryptophan supplementation rather than 1-MT administration alone after sepsis onset rescued sepsis animals, highlighting the translational significance of tryptophan restoration in IDO1 targeting therapy of severe inflammatory diseases like sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpu Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Infection Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Critical Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Li Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Critical Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Charles E. McCall
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Tie Fu Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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22
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Abstract
Sepsis, the 10th leading cause of death, is the most expensive condition in the United States. The immune response in sepsis transitions from hyperinflammatory to a hypoinflammatory and immunosuppressive phase; individual variations regarding timing and overlap between hyper- and hypoinflammation exist in a number of patients. While one third of the sepsis-related deaths occur during hyperinflammation, majority of the sepsis-mortality occurs during the hypoinflammatory phase. Currently, no phase-specific molecular-based therapies exist to treat sepsis. Coordinated epigenetic and metabolic perturbations orchestrate this shift from hyper- to hypoinflammation in innate immune cells during sepsis. These epigenetic and metabolic changes during sepsis progression and therapeutic opportunities they pose are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Vidula Vachharajani, Critical Care
Medicine/Respiratory Institute, Inflammation and Immunity/Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland,
OH, USA.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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23
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Wang X, Buechler NL, Long DL, Furdui CM, Yoza BK, McCall CE, Vachharajani V. Cysteine thiol oxidation on SIRT2 regulates inflammation in obese mice with sepsis. Inflammation 2019; 42:156-169. [PMID: 30203196 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases morbidity and mortality in acute illnesses such as sepsis and septic shock. We showed previously that the early/hyper-inflammatory phase of sepsis is exaggerated in obese mice with sepsis; sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) modulates sepsis inflammation in obesity. Evidence suggests that obesity with sepsis is associated with increased oxidative stress. It is unknown whether exaggerated hyper-inflammation of obesity with sepsis modulates the SIRT2 function in return. We showed recently that SIRT6 oxidation during hyper-inflammation of sepsis modulates its glycolytic function. This study tested the hypothesis that increased oxidative stress and direct SIRT2 oxidation exaggerate hyper-inflammation in obesity with sepsis. Using spleen and liver tissue from mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) we studied oxidized vs. total SIRT2 expression during hyper- and hypo-inflammation of sepsis. To elucidate the mechanism of SIRT2 oxidation (specific modifications of redox-sensitive cysteines) and its effect on inflammation, we performed site-directed mutations of redox-sensitive cysteines Cys221 and Cys224 on SIRT2 to serine (C221S and C224S), transfected HEK293 cells with mutants or WT SIRT2, and studied SIRT2 enzymatic activity and NFĸBp65 deacetylation. Finally, we studied the effect of SIRT2 mutation on LPS-induced inflammation using RAW 264.7 macrophages. In an inverse relationship, total SIRT2 decreased while oxidized SIRT2 expression increased during hyper-inflammation and SIRT2 was unable to deacetylate NFĸBp65 with increased oxidative stress of obesity with sepsis. Mechanistically, both the mutants (C221S and C224S) show decreased (1) SIRT2 enzymatic activity, (2) deacetylation of NFĸBp65, and (3) anti-inflammatory activity in response to LPS vs. WT SIRT2. Direct oxidation modulates SIRT2 function during hyper-inflammatory phase of obesity with sepsis via redox sensitive cysteines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Nancy L Buechler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David L Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barbara K Yoza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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24
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Haussner F, Chakraborty S, Halbgebauer R, Huber-Lang M. Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:891. [PMID: 31114571 PMCID: PMC6502990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex of life-threating organ dysfunction in critically ill patients, with a primary infectious cause or through secondary infection of damaged tissues. The systemic consequences of sepsis have been intensively examined and evidences of local alterations and repercussions in the intestinal mucosal compartment is gradually defining gut-associated changes during sepsis. In the present review, we focus on sepsis-induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, consisting of an increased permeability of the epithelial lining, which may facilitate bacterial translocation. We discuss disturbances in intestinal vascular tonus and perfusion and coagulopathies with respect to their proposed underlying molecular mechanisms. The consequences of enzymatic responses by pancreatic proteases, intestinal alkaline phosphatases, and several matrix metalloproteases are also described. We conclude our insight with a discussion on novel therapeutic interventions derived from crucial aspects of the gut mucosal dynamics during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Haussner
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shinjini Chakraborty
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Lee YG, Reader BF, Herman D, Streicher A, Englert JA, Ziegler M, Chung S, Karpurapu M, Park GY, Christman JW, Ballinger MN. Sirtuin 2 enhances allergic asthmatic inflammation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124710. [PMID: 30668546 PMCID: PMC6478424 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic eosinophilic asthma is a chronic condition causing airway remodeling resulting in lung dysfunction. We observed that expression of sirtuin 2 (Sirt2), a histone deacetylase, regulates the recruitment of eosinophils after sensitization and challenge with a triple antigen: dust mite, ragweed, and Aspergillus fumigatus (DRA). Our data demonstrate that IL-4 regulates the expression of Sirt2 isoform 3/5. Pharmacological inhibition of Sirt2 by AGK2 resulted in diminished cellular recruitment, decreased CCL17/TARC, and reduced goblet cell hyperplasia. YM1 and Fizz1 expression was reduced in AGK2-treated, IL-4-stimulated lung macrophages in vitro as well as in lung macrophages from AGK2-DRA-challenged mice. Conversely, overexpression of Sirt2 resulted in increased cellular recruitment, CCL17 production, and goblet cell hyperplasia following DRA challenge. Sirt2 isoform 3/5 was upregulated in primary human alveolar macrophages following IL-4 and AGK2 treatment, which resulted in reduced CCL17 and markers of alternative activation. These gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies indicate that Sirt2 could be developed as a treatment for eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gyu Lee
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brenda F. Reader
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Derrick Herman
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam Streicher
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua A. Englert
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Manjula Karpurapu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gye Young Park
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John W. Christman
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan N. Ballinger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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26
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Riva A, Mehta G. Regulation of Monocyte-Macrophage Responses in Cirrhosis-Role of Innate Immune Programming and Checkpoint Receptors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:167. [PMID: 30804947 PMCID: PMC6370706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of the innate immune system have been studied in cirrhosis, and abnormalities have been described supporting both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotype of myeloid cells. However, the findings of these studies vary by stage of disease and methodology. The recent description of the syndrome of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has refined our understanding of the natural history of cirrhosis. In this context, we review the regulatory mechanisms at play that contribute to the immune abnormalities described in advanced liver disease. Specifically, we review the evidence for epigenetic mechanisms regulating monocyte phenotype, and the role of checkpoint receptors on regulating innate and adaptive immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gautam Mehta
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Zhu X, Meyers A, Long D, Ingram B, Liu T, Yoza BK, Vachharajani V, McCall CE. Frontline Science: Monocytes sequentially rewire metabolism and bioenergetics during an acute inflammatory response. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:215-228. [PMID: 30633362 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0918-373r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism directs the severe acute inflammatory reaction of monocytes to guard homeostasis. This occurs by sequentially activating anabolic immune effector mechanisms, switching to immune deactivation mechanisms and then restoring immunometabolic homeostasis. Nuclear sirtuin 1 and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase metabolically drive this dynamic and are druggable targets that promote immunometabolic resolution in septic mice and increase survival. We used unbiased metabolomics and a validated monocyte culture model of activation, deactivation, and partial resolution of acute inflammation to sequentially track metabolic rewiring. Increases in glycogenolysis, hexosamine, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathways were aligned with anabolic activation. Activation transitioned to combined lipid, protein, amino acid, and nucleotide catabolism during deactivation, and partially subsided during early resolution. Lipid metabolic rewiring signatures aligned with deactivation included elevated n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of fatty acid acylcarnitines. Increased methionine to homocysteine cycling increased levels of s-adenosylmethionine rate-limiting transmethylation mediator, and homocysteine and cysteine transsulfuration preceded increases in glutathione. Increased tryptophan catabolism led to elevated kynurenine and de novo biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from quinolinic acid. Increased branched-chain amino acid catabolism paralleled increases in succinyl-CoA. A rise in the Krebs cycle cis-aconitate-derived itaconate and succinate with decreased fumarate and acetyl-CoA levels occurred concomitant with deactivation and subsided during early resolution. The data suggest that rewiring of metabolic and mitochondrial bioenergetics by monocytes sequentially activates, deactivates, and resolves acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allison Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Long
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Ingram
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiefu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara K Yoza
- Department of Surgery/General Surgery and Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Gogoi M, Chandra K, Sarikhani M, Ramani R, Sundaresan NR, Chakravortty D. Salmonella escapes adaptive immune response via SIRT2 mediated modulation of innate immune response in dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007437. [PMID: 30452468 PMCID: PMC6277114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella being a successful pathogen, employs a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms. This contributes to pathogenesis, persistence and also limits the efficacy of available treatment. All these contributing factors call upon for new drug targets against Salmonella. For the first time, we have demonstrated that Salmonella upregulates sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), an NAD+ dependent deacetylase in dendritic cells (DC). SIRT2 upregulation results in translocation of NFκB p65 to the nucleus. This further upregulates NOS2 transcription and nitric oxide (NO) production. NO subsequently shows antibacterial activity and suppresses T cell proliferation. NOS2 mediated effect of SIRT2 is further validated by the absence of effect of SIRT2 inhibition in NOS2-/- mice. Inhibition of SIRT2 increases intracellular survival of the pathogen and enhances antigen presentation in vitro. However, in vivo SIRT2 inhibition shows lower bacterial organ burden and reduced tissue damage. SIRT2 knockout mice also demonstrate reduced bacterial organ burden compared to wild-type mice. Collectively, our results prove the role of SIRT2 in Salmonella pathogenesis and the mechanism of action. This can aid in designing of host-targeted therapeutics directed towards inhibition of SIRT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gogoi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Kasturi Chandra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohsen Sarikhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramya Ramani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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29
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Wang X, Buechler NL, Woodruff AG, Long DL, Zabalawi M, Yoza BK, McCall CE, Vachharajani V. Sirtuins and Immuno-Metabolism of Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092738. [PMID: 30216989 PMCID: PMC6164482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death in non-coronary intensive care units worldwide. During sepsis-associated immune dysfunction, the early/hyper-inflammatory phase transitions to a late/hypo-inflammatory phase as sepsis progresses. The majority of sepsis-related deaths occur during the hypo-inflammatory phase. There are no phase-specific therapies currently available for clinical use in sepsis. Metabolic rewiring directs the transition from hyper-inflammatory to hypo-inflammatory immune responses to protect homeostasis during sepsis inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying this immuno-metabolic network are unclear. Here, we review the roles of NAD+ sensing Sirtuin (SIRT) family members in controlling immunometabolic rewiring during the acute systemic inflammatory response associated with sepsis. We discuss individual contributions among family members SIRT 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 in regulating the metabolic switch between carbohydrate-fueled hyper-inflammation to lipid-fueled hypo-inflammation. We further highlight the role of SIRT1 and SIRT2 as potential "druggable" targets for promoting immunometabolic homeostasis and increasing sepsis survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Nancy L Buechler
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Alan G Woodruff
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - David L Long
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Barbara K Yoza
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Departments of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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30
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Sirtuin1 Targeting Reverses Innate and Adaptive Immune Tolerance in Septic Mice. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2402593. [PMID: 30069485 PMCID: PMC6057336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2402593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance and tolerance to infection are two universal fitness and survival strategies used by inflammation and immunity in organisms and cells to guard homeostasis. During sepsis, however, both strategies fail, and animal and human victims often die from combined innate and adaptive immune suppression with persistent bacterial and viral infections. NAD+-sensing nuclear sirtuin1 (SIRT1) epigenetically guards immune and metabolic homeostasis during sepsis. Pharmacologically inhibiting SIRT1 deacetylase activity in septic mice reverses monocyte immune tolerance, clears infection, rebalances glycolysis and glucose oxidation, resolves organ dysfunction, and prevents most septic deaths. Whether SIRT1 inhibition during sepsis treatment concomitantly reverses innate and T cell antigen-specific immune tolerance is unknown. Here, we show that treating septic mice with a SIRT1 selective inhibitor concordantly reverses immune tolerance splenic dendritic and antigen-specific tolerance of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. SIRT1 inhibition also increases the ratio of IL12 p40+ and TNFα proinflammatory/immune to IL10 and TGFβ anti-inflammatory/immune cytokines and decreases the ratio of CD4+ TReg repressor to CD4+ activator T cells. These findings support the unifying concept that nuclear NAD+ sensor SIRT1 broadly coordinates innate and adaptive immune reprogramming during sepsis and is a druggable immunometabolic enhancement target.
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31
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Simó-Mirabet P, Perera E, Calduch-Giner JA, Afonso JM, Pérez-Sánchez J. Co-expression Analysis of Sirtuins and Related Metabolic Biomarkers in Juveniles of Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) With Differences in Growth Performance. Front Physiol 2018; 9:608. [PMID: 29922168 PMCID: PMC5996159 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) represent a conserved protein family of deacetylases that act as master regulators of metabolism, but little is known about their roles in fish and livestock animals in general. The present study aimed to assess the value of SIRTs for the metabolic phenotyping of fish by assessing their co-expression with a wide-representation of markers of energy and lipid metabolism and intestinal function and health in two genetically different gilthead sea bream strains with differences in growth performance. Fish from the fast-growing strain exhibited higher feed intake, feed efficiency and plasma IGF-I levels, along with higher hepatosomatic index and lower mesenteric fat (lean phenotype). These observations suggest differences in tissue energy partitioning with an increased flux of fatty acids from adipose tissue toward the liver. The resulting increased risk of hepatic steatosis may be counteracted in the liver by reduced lipogenesis and enhanced triglyceride catabolism, in combination with a higher and more efficient oxidative metabolism in white skeletal muscle. These effects were supported by co-regulated changes in the expression profile of SIRTs (liver, sirt1; skeletal muscle, sirt2; adipose tissue, sirt5-6) and markers of oxidative metabolism (pgc1α, cpt1a, cs, nd2, cox1), mitochondrial respiration uncoupling (ucp3) and fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism (pparα, pparγ, elovl5, scd1a, lpl, atgl) that were specific to each strain and tissue. The anterior intestine of the fast-growing strain was better suited to cope with improved growth by increased expression of markers of nutrient absorption (fabp2), epithelial barrier integrity (cdh1, cdh17) and immunity (il1β, cd8b, lgals1, lgals8, sIgT, mIgT), which were correlated with low expression levels of sirt4 and markers of fatty acid oxidation (cpt1a). In the posterior intestine, the fast-growing strain showed a consistent up-regulation of sirt2, sirt3, sirt5 and sirt7 concurrently with increased expression levels of markers of cell proliferation (pcna), oxidative metabolism (nd2) and immunity (sIgT, mIgT). Together, these findings indicate that SIRTs may play different roles in the regulation of metabolism, inflammatory tone and growth in farmed fish, arising as powerful biomarkers for a reliable metabolic phenotyping of fish at the tissue-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Simó-Mirabet
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep A Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan M Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group, Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (GIA), Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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Daskalaki MG, Tsatsanis C, Kampranis SC. Histone methylation and acetylation in macrophages as a mechanism for regulation of inflammatory responses. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6495-6507. [PMID: 29574768 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages respond to noxious stimuli and contribute to inflammatory responses by eliminating pathogens or damaged tissue and maintaining homeostasis. Response to activation signals and maintenance of homeostasis require tight regulation of genes involved in macrophage activation and inactivation processes, as well as genes involved in determining their polarization state. Recent evidence has revealed that such regulation occurs through histone modifications that render inflammatory or polarizing gene promoters accessible to transcriptional complexes. Thus, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes are regulated by histone acetylation and methylation, determining their activation state. Herein, we review the current knowledge on the role of histone modifying enzymes (acetyltransferases, deacetylases, methyltransferases, and demethylases) in determining the responsiveness and M1 or M2 polarization of macrophages. The contribution of these enzymes in the development of inflammatory diseases is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Daskalaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Tsatsanis
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sotirios C Kampranis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Abstract
The mammalian Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent deacylase and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase. Sirtuins display distinct subcellular localizations and functions and are involved in cell survival, senescence, metabolism and genome stability. Among the mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT6 have been thoroughly investigated and have prominent metabolic regulatory roles. Moreover, SIRT1 and SIRT6 have been implicated in obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of other Sirtuins are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that these Sirtuins also play important roles in inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism. Insulin resistance is the critical pathological trait of obesity and metabolic syndrome as well as the core defect in T2DM. Accumulating clinical and experimental animal evidence suggests the potential roles of the remaining Sirtuins in the regulation of insulin resistance through diverse biological mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the functions of Sirtuins in various insulin resistance-associated physiological processes, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the insulin signaling pathway, glucose, and lipid metabolism. In addition, we highlight the important gaps that must be addressed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqiang Tang
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hou-Zao Chen ;
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Liu J, Li G, Chen C, Chen D, Zhou Q. MiR-6835 promoted LPS-induced inflammation of HUVECs associated with the interaction between TLR-4 and AdipoR1 in lipid rafts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188604. [PMID: 29190778 PMCID: PMC5708807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High mortality rate of critically-ill patients could be induced by sepsis and septic shock, which is the extremely life threatening. The purpose of this work is to identify and evaluate the potential regulatory mechanism of LPS-induced inflammation associated with miR-6835 and lipid rafts in HUVECs. Methods The 3’ UTR luciferase activity of AdipoR1 was detected, which was predicted the potential target gene of miR-6835. Moreover, the treated HUVECs with or without inhibitors or mimics of miR-6835 were used. Furthermore, the bio-functions of HUVECs were explored. The protein expression levels of SIRT-1, AMPK, and AdipoR1 were assessed, which were involved in the AdipoR1 signaling pathway. Then, the interaction between TLR-4 and AdipoR1 in lipid rafts and its mediation role on LPS-induced inflammation was investigated in HUVECs. Results MiR-6835 targeted directly on AdipoR1, and suppressed its expression in mRNA (mimics of miR-6835: 0.731±0.016 vs control: 1.527±0.015, P<0.001) and proteins levels, then regulated protein expression of SIRT-1 and AMPK, which were the downstream target genes of AdipoR1 signaling pathway. MiR-6835 enhanced LPS-induced inflammation process in HUVECs (TNF-α: LPS+mimics of miR-6835: 1638.51±78.43 vs LPS: 918.73±39.73, P<0.001; IL-6: LPS+mimics of miR-6835: 1249.35±69.51 vs LPS: 687.52±43.64, P<0.001), which was associated with the interaction between TLR-4 and AdipoR1 in lipid rafts. Conclusions MiR-6835 is the key regulator of LPS-induced inflammation process in HUVECs. The interaction between TLR-4 and AdipoR1 mediated by lipid rafts at membrane of HUVECs with inflammation process induced by miR-6835. Our results demonstrated a hopeful strategy for treatment on sepsis by aiming at lipid rafts and miR-6835.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dechang Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Petrackova A, Smrzova A, Gajdos P, Schubertova M, Schneiderova P, Kromer P, Snasel V, Skacelova M, Mrazek F, Zadrazil J, Horak P, Kriegova E. Serum protein pattern associated with organ damage and lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revealed by PEA immunoassay. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:32. [PMID: 29026368 PMCID: PMC5627398 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a remarkably heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Despite tremendous efforts, our knowledge of serum protein patterns in severe SLE phenotypes is still limited. We investigated the serum protein pattern of SLE, with special emphasis on irreversible organ damage and active lupus nephritis (LN) as assessed by renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. METHODS We used proximity extension immunoassay (PEA, Proseek Multiplex, Olink) to assess the serum levels of ninety-two inflammation-related proteins in Czech patients with SLE (n = 75) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 23). Subgroup analysis was carried out on the basis of organ damage (with/without, 42/33) and biopsy-proven LN (with/without, 27/48; active LN, n = 13; inactive LN, n = 14). RESULTS Of thirty deregulated proteins between SLE and the healthy controls (Pcorr < 0.05), the top upregulated proteins in SLE were sirtuin 2, interleukin 18 (IL18), and caspase 8 (Pcorr < 0.0006). Of these, sirtuin 2 and caspase 8 had not yet been reported with SLE. Elevated levels of IL8, CCL2/MCP1, CCL11, and MMP10 (Pcorr < 0.05) were detected in patients with organ damage for which the serum levels of CCL11 and MMP10 were particularly informative in organ damage prediction. Comparing patients based on LN, elevated levels of CSF1, sIL15RA, sCD40, sCX3CL1, caspase 8, sIL18R1, bNGF, and GDNF (Pcorr < 0.05) were detected in active LN. Except GDNF, all LN-associated markers showed usefulness in prediction of active renal disease. CONCLUSIONS This highly sensitive PEA analysis identified the serum pattern of SLE, organ damage, and active LN, with many novel candidate proteins detected. Their exact role and suitability as biomarkers in SLE deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrackova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Smrzova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gajdos
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Schubertova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Schneiderova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kromer
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Snasel
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Skacelova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Mrazek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horak
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Yang W, Gao F, Zhang P, Pang S, Cui Y, Liu L, Wei G, Yan B. Functional genetic variants within the SIRT2 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176245. [PMID: 28445509 PMCID: PMC5406008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the complication of atherosclerosis. Recently, genome-wide association studies have identified a large number of CAD-related genetic variants. However, only 10% of CAD cases could be explained. Low frequent and rare genetic variants have been recently proposed to be main causes for CAD. SIRT2 is a member of sirtuin family, NAD(+)-dependent class III deacetylases. SIRT2 is involved in genomic stability, metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy, as well as in platelet function. Thus, we hypothesized that genetic variants in SIRT2 gene may contribute to AMI. In this study, SIRT2 gene promoter was analyzed in large cohorts of AMI patients (n = 375) and ethnic-matched controls (n = 377). Three novel heterozygous DSVs (g.38900888_91delTAAA, g.38900270A>G and g.38899853C>T) were identified in three AMI patients, but in none of controls. These DSVs significantly altered the transcriptional activity of the SIRT2 gene promoter (P<0.05) in both HEK-293 and H9c2 cells. Five novel heterozygous DSVS (g.38900562C>T, g.38900413A>C, g.38900030G>A, g.38899925A>C and g.38899852C>T) were only found in controls, which did not significantly affected SIRT2 gene promoter activity (P>0.05). In addition, four novel heterozygous DSVs and five SNPs were found in both AMI patients and control with similar frequencies (P>0.05), two SNPs of which were examined and did not affect SIRT2 gene promoter activity (P>0.05). Taken together, the DSVs identified in AMI patients may change SIRT2 level by affecting the transcriptional activity of SIRT2 gene promoter, contributing to the AMI development as a rare risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Guanghe Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. In sepsis, the immune response that is initiated by an invading pathogen fails to return to homeostasis, thus culminating in a pathological syndrome that is characterized by sustained excessive inflammation and immune suppression. Our understanding of the key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis has increased tremendously, yet this still needs to be translated into novel targeted therapeutic strategies. Pivotal for the clinical development of new sepsis therapies is the selection of patients on the basis of biomarkers and/or functional defects that provide specific insights into the expression or activity of the therapeutic target.
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Buechler N, Wang X, Yoza BK, McCall CE, Vachharajani V. Sirtuin 2 Regulates Microvascular Inflammation during Sepsis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:2648946. [PMID: 28503576 PMCID: PMC5414591 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2648946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Sepsis and septic shock, the leading causes of death in noncoronary intensive care units, kill more than 200,000/year in the US alone. Circulating cell-endothelial cell interactions are the rate determining factor in sepsis inflammation. Sirtuin, a seven-member family of proteins (SIRT1-7), epigenetically controls inflammation. We have studied the roles of SIRTs 1, 3, and 6 in sepsis previously. In this project, we studied the role of SIRT2 on sepsis-related inflammation. Methods. Sepsis was induced in C57Bl/6 (WT), SIRT2 knockout (SIRT2KO), and SIRT2 overexpressing (SIRT2KI) mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We studied leukocyte/platelet adhesion using intravital microscopy and E-selectin/ICAM-1 adhesion molecule expression in the small intestine with immunohistochemistry (IHC) six hours post-CLP/sham surgery. We also studied 7-day survival rates in WT, SIRT2KO, and SIRT2KI sepsis mice. Results. Compared to WT mice, SIRT2KO mice show exaggeration while SIRT2KI mice show attenuation of cellular adhesion with sepsis in the small intestine. We also show that the small intestinal E-selectin and ICAM-1 expressions increased in SIRT2KO and decreased in SIRT2KI mice versus those in WT sepsis mice. We show that the 7-day survival rate is decreased in SIRT2KO and increased in SIRT2KI sepsis mice. Conclusion. SIRT2 modulates microvascular inflammation in sepsis and affects survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Buechler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barbara K. Yoza
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Charles E. McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Wang X, Buechler NL, Yoza BK, McCall CE, Vachharajani V. Adiponectin treatment attenuates inflammatory response during early sepsis in obese mice. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9:167-174. [PMID: 27785087 PMCID: PMC5063563 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s119021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbid obesity increases the cost of care in critically ill patients. Sepsis is the leading cause of death in noncoronary intensive care units. Circulating cell-endothelial cell interactions in microcirculation are the rate-determining factors in any inflammation; obesity increases these interactions further. Adiponectin deficiency is implicated in increased cardiovascular risk in obese patients. We have shown that adiponectin deficiency increases microvascular dysfunction in early sepsis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of adiponectin replacement on nutritionally obese mice with early sepsis. METHODS We used cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) vs control diet (CTRL), with or without adiponectin treatment. We studied leukocyte/platelet adhesion in the cerebral microcirculation in early sepsis. We also studied the effect of adiponectin on free fatty acid (FFA)-fed and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Leukocyte and platelet adhesion increased in the cerebral microcirculation of DIO and CTRL mice with early sepsis vs. sham; moreover cell adhesion in DIO-sepsis group was significantly higher than in the CTRL-sepsis group. Adiponectin replacement decreased leukocyte/platelet adhesion in CTRL and DIO mice. In FFA-fed BMDM, adiponectin treatment decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression and increased sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) mRNA expression. Furthermore, using BMDM from SIRT1 knockout mice, we showed that the adiponectin treatment decreased inflammatory response in FFA-fed BMDM via SIRT1-dependent and -independent pathways. CONCLUSION Adiponectin replacement attenuates microvascular inflammation in DIO-sepsis mice. Mechanistically, adiponectin treatment in FFA-fed mouse macrophages attenuates inflammatory response via SIRT1-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- XianFeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nancy L Buechler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barbara K Yoza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Wang X, Buechler NL, Martin A, Wells J, Yoza B, McCall CE, Vachharajani V. Correction: Sirtuin-2 Regulates Sepsis Inflammation in ob/ob Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162560. [PMID: 27583522 PMCID: PMC5008694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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