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Marianelli C, Verrubbi V, Pruiti Ciarello F, Ippolito D, Pacciarini ML, Di Marco Lo Presti V. Geo-epidemiology of animal tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis genotypes in livestock in a small, high-incidence area in Sicily, Italy. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1107396. [PMID: 37007490 PMCID: PMC10063800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1107396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe persistence of animal tuberculosis (TB) in livestock is a major concern in Sicily, Italy. The objective of this study was to elucidate the transmission dynamics of M. bovis infection in a highly circumscribed, and at the same time geographically diverse, high-risk area of the island through an in-depth geo-epidemiological investigation of TB in cattle and black pigs raised in small-scale extensive farms across the district of Caronia.MethodsWe used genotype analysis coupled with geographic information system (GIS) technology and phylogenetic inference to characterize the spatial distribution of TB and M. bovis genotypes in livestock and the genetic relationships between M. bovis isolates. A total of 589 M. bovis isolates collected from slaughtered cattle (n = 527) and Sicilian black pigs (n = 62) over a 5-year period (2014–2018) were included in the study.ResultsTB was widespread throughout the district and was most frequent in the north-central area of the district, especially along one of the district’s streams. We identified a total of 62 M. bovis genotypes. Identical genetic profiles were isolated from both neighboring and non-neighburing herds. The 10 most frequent genotypes, accounting for 82% of M. bovis isolates, showed geographic specificities in that they tended to cluster in specific spatial niches. The landscape structure of these niches—i.e. steep slopes, rocky ridges, meadows and streams—is likely to have had a significant influence on the distribution of TB among livestock in Caronia. Higher concentrations of TB were observed along streams and in open meadows, while rocky ridges and slopes appeared to have hampered the spread of TB.DiscussionThe geographical distribution of TB cases among livestock in Caronia is consistent with several epidemiological scenarios (e.g., high density of infected herds along the streams or in hilly plateau where livestock share pastures). Landscape structure is likely to play an important role in the transmission and persistence of M. bovis infection across the district. Additional potential risk factors, such as livestock trading and extensive breeding methods, are also discussed. Our results will contribute to the improvement of surveillance, control and eradication activities of TB in Sicily by the implementation of ad hoc TB control measures, especially in farms located along streams, sharing common pastures or with mixed animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Marianelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cinzia Marianelli,
| | - Vladimiro Verrubbi
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Pruiti Ciarello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
| | - Dorotea Ippolito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Pacciarini
- National Reference Centre for Bovine Tuberculosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
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Anjos TRD, Castro VS, Machado Filho ES, Suffys PN, Gomes HM, Duarte RS, Figueiredo EEDS, Carvalho RCT. Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains isolated from bovine in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1006090. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1006090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis (M. tuberculosis var. bovis) is associated with tuberculosis, mainly in cattle and buffaloes. This pathogen has the potential to infect other mammals, including humans. Tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis var. bovis is a zoonosis clinically identical to tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the recommended treatment in humans results in the use of antibiotics. In this study, we used the whole genome sequencing (WGS) methodology Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System platform to characterize the genome of M. tuberculosis var. bovis in cattle circulating in Mato Grosso, identify mutations related to drug resistance genes, compare with other strains of M. tuberculosis var. bovis brazilian and assess potential drug resistance. Four isolates of M. tuberculosis var. bovis of cattle origin representing the main livestock circuits, which had been more prevalent in previous studies in the state of Mato Grosso, were selected for the genomic study. The genome sizes of the sequenced strains ranged from 4,306,423 to 4,332,964 bp, and the GC content was 65.6%. The four strains from Mato Grosso presented resistance genes to pncA (pyrazinamide), characterized as drug-resistant strains. In addition to verifying several point mutations in the pncA, rpsA, rpsL, gid, rpoB, katG, gyrB, gyrA, tlyA, embA, embB, embC, fgd, fbiB, and fbiC genes, these genes were similar to antibiotic resistance in more than 92% of the Brazilian strains. Therefore, our results indicated a high genetic diversity between our isolates and other M. tuberculosis var. bovis isolated in Brazil. Thus, multiple transmission routes of this pathogen may be present in the production chain. So, to achieve a bovine tuberculosis-free health status, the use of the WGS as a control and monitoring tool will be crucial to determine these transmission routes.
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Spatial distribution of Mycobacterium bovis spoligotypes in cattle from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:238. [PMID: 35867201 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Genotyping methods have led to a better understanding of the epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection, and its transmission dynamics, as well as the possible phylogenetic relationships between Mycobacterium strains, thus making bovine tuberculosis control programs more efficient. The goal of this study was to characterize the main spoligotypes of M. bovis isolated from cattle in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was carried out in 28 municipalities of "Triângulo Mineiro" and "Alto Paranaíba" regions of the state. Viscera samples were obtained from 58 bovines positive for tuberculosis according to comparative cervical tests, and from another 100 bovines with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis, which were donated by the National Agricultural Laboratory of Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais. Microbiological isolation was performed in Stonebrink medium, and molecular identification of mycobacteria was performed by PCR. Genotyping was performed using the spoligotyping method at the Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute of National Agricultural Technology Institute-National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Among the 158 viscera samples, we obtained 40 (25%) isolates of M. bovis, and detected 11 spoligotype patterns, with a predominance of SB1142 (37.5%), SB0121 (25.0%), and SB1145 (10.0%). Other standards, SB0295, SB1050, SB0881, SB1144, SB1802, SB0140, SB0120, and SB0849, varied from 2.5 to 7.5%, heterogeneously distributed among the municipalities. The presence of spoligotypes shared with other Brazilian states and different countries indicates their possible exchange through epidemiological relationships, such as the transit of live animals and/or genetic similarity between strains that share a common ancestor.
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Borham M, Oreiby A, El-Gedawy A, Hegazy Y, Khalifa HO, Al-Gaabary M, Matsumoto T. Review on Bovine Tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070715. [PMID: 35889961 PMCID: PMC9320398 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease affecting a wide range of domesticated and wild animals, representing a worldwide economic and public health burden. The disease is caused by Mycobacteriumbovis and infrequently by other pathogenic mycobacteria. The problem of bovine tuberculosis is complicated when the infection is associated with multidrug and extensively drug resistant M. bovis. Many techniques are used for early diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, either being antemortem or postmortem, each with its diagnostic merits as well as limitations. Antemortem techniques depend either on cellular or on humoral immune responses, while postmortem diagnosis depends on adequate visual inspection, palpation, and subsequent diagnostic procedures such as bacterial isolation, characteristic histopathology, and PCR to reach the final diagnosis. Recently, sequencing and bioinformatics tools have gained increasing importance for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, including, but not limited to typing, detection of mutations, phylogenetic analysis, molecular epidemiology, and interactions occurring within the causative mycobacteria. Consequently, the current review includes consideration of bovine tuberculosis as a disease, conventional and recent diagnostic methods, and the emergence of MDR-Mycobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Borham
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute Matrouh Lab, Matrouh 51511, Egypt;
| | - Atef Oreiby
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheik 33516, Egypt; (A.O.); (Y.H.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Attia El-Gedawy
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Yamen Hegazy
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheik 33516, Egypt; (A.O.); (Y.H.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-0048, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Magdy Al-Gaabary
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheik 33516, Egypt; (A.O.); (Y.H.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-0048, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.O.K.); (T.M.)
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Güven Gökmen T, Yakici G, Kalayci Y, Turut N, Meral Ocal M, Haligür M, Günaydin E, Köksal F. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle and humans by spoligotyping and 24-locus MIRU-VNTR, and prevalence of positive IGRA in slaughterhouse workers in Southern Turkey. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2022; 23:210-218. [PMID: 36425601 PMCID: PMC9681978 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2022.42580.6186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium bovis is a zoonotic member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex with a wide range of hosts, mainly cattle. Molecular epidemiological studies should be conducted to determine the transmission route, zoonotic risk factors, and phylogenetic relationships of M. bovis strains. Aims: This study aimed to characterize bovine and human M. bovis isolates by molecular methods. METHODS Molecular characterization and clonal relationship of strains isolated from tissue and organ samples of 76 cattle with positive tuberculin tests were collected from a slaughterhouse, and four M. bovis strains isolated from clinical materials of patients with suspected pulmonary TB isolates were analyzed using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping methods. QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus; Qiagen) was used to determine the prevalence of latent TB infection among 21 slaughterhouse personnel including 7 veterinarians, 12 butchers, 1 caretaker, and 1 veterinary technician. RESULTS SB0288/SIT685 type was detected in both cattle and humans by the spoligotyping method. When evaluating MIRU-VNTR, the presence of a 100% compatible pattern between human and bovine isolates was not detected, but some human samples were found to be 91.6% similar to a bovine sample. In addition, 21 slaughterhouse workers were screened with the interferon gamma-released assay (IGRA) and a 23.8% positivity was detected. CONCLUSION Clonal similarity was determined between the bovine and human isolates using the MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping methods and IGRA positivity in the occupational group suggested that M. bovis might be associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Güven Gökmen
- Department of Microbiology, Ceyhan Veterinary Faculty, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - G. Yakici
- Tuberculosis Region Laboratory, Tropical Disease and Research Center, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Y. Kalayci
- Microbiology Laboratory, Adana City Hospital, 01230, Adana, Turkey
| | - N. Turut
- MSc, Microbiology Laboratory, Adana Veterinary Control Institute, 01250, Adana, Turkey
| | - M. Meral Ocal
- Department of Microbiology, Medicine Faculty, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - M. Haligür
- Department of Pathology, Ceyhan Veterinary Faculty, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - E. Günaydin
- Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - F. Köksal
- Department of Microbiology, Medicine Faculty, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
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Lekko YM, Che-Amat A, Ooi PT, Omar S, Ramanoon SZ, Mazlan M, Jesse FFA, Jasni S, Ariff Abdul-Razak MF. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex Investigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3252. [PMID: 34827984 PMCID: PMC8614387 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild animals are considered reservoirs, contributing to the transmission of emerging zoonotic diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). A cross-sectional study was conducted by opportunistic sampling from fresh carcasses of free-ranging wild boar (n = 30), and free-ranging wild macaques (n = 42). Stained smears from these tissues were tested for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) with Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Mycobacterial culture was conducted using Lowenstein-Jensen media and Middlebrook 7H11 agar media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed through the detection of the 16S rRNA gene, with multiple sets of primers for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). In wild boars, 30% (9/30; 95% Confidence Interval: 16.7-47.9%) of examined samples showed gross tuberculosis-like lesions (TBLLs). Multiple nodular lesions that were necrotic/miliary with cavitation were found in the submandibular lymph nodes, tonsils, lungs, kidney and liver, while single nodular lesions were found in the mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Conventional PCR on the submandibular lymphoid tissues of wild boar (nine samples with TBLLs and three non-TBLL samples) showed that 75% (9/12) were positive for Mycobacterium bovis (95% CI: 46.8-91.1), and 91% (CI: 64.6-98.5) were positive for Mycobacterium avium. For macaques, 33.3% (10/30) were positive for M. avium (95% CI: 19.2-51.2) but negative for MTBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Madaki Lekko
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.M.L.); (P.T.O.); (F.F.A.J.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti of Maidugu-ri, Maiduguri PMB 1069, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Azlan Che-Amat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.M.L.); (P.T.O.); (F.F.A.J.)
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.M.L.); (P.T.O.); (F.F.A.J.)
| | - Sharina Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon
- Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mazlina Mazlan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.M.L.); (P.T.O.); (F.F.A.J.)
| | - Sabri Jasni
- Department of Paraclinical, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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de Melo EH, Gomes HM, Suffys PN, Lopes MQP, de Figueiredo Teixeira RL, Dos Santos ÍR, Franco MMJ, Langoni H, Paes AC, Afonso JAB, de Mendonça CL. Genotypic Characterization of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates From Dairy Cattle Diagnosed With Clinical Tuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:747226. [PMID: 34708105 PMCID: PMC8542897 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.747226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis plays an essential role in the epidemiological knowledge of the disease. Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis represents a risk to human health. This study aimed to perform the genotypic characterization of M. bovis isolated from bovines diagnosed as tuberculosis from dairy herds in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Granulomas from 30 bovines were sent for microbiological culture, and colonies compatible with Mycobacterium spp. were obtained in at least one culture from 17/30 granulomas. All isolates were confirmed to be M. bovis by spoligotyping and 24loci MIRU-VNTR typing. While spoligotyping characterized the isolates as SB0121, SB0295, SB0852, SB0120, and an unclassified genotype, 24loci MIRU-VNTR rendered two clusters of two isolates each and 13 unique profiles. Loci ETR-A showed higher discriminatory power, and loci (ETR-B, ETR-C, MIRU16, MIRU27, and QUB26) showed moderate allelic diversity. This is the first study on the genetic variability of the infectious agent cause of bovine TB in Pernambuco and demonstrates variability of strains in the state. Thus, it corroborates the importance of this microorganism as agent of bovine tuberculosis and its zoonotic potential, this epidemiological tool being a determinant in the rigor of the sanitary practices of disease control in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harrison Magdinier Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Philip Noel Suffys
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Quinhones Pires Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Lima de Figueiredo Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marília Masello Junqueira Franco
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Paes
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Lopes de Mendonça
- Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
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Rodrigues RDA, Ribeiro Araújo F, Rivera Dávila AM, Etges RN, Parkhill J, van Tonder AJ. Genomic and temporal analyses of Mycobacterium bovis in southern Brazil. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34016251 PMCID: PMC8209730 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is a causal agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), one of the most important diseases currently facing the cattle industry worldwide. Tracing the source of M. bovis infections of livestock is an important tool for understanding the epidemiology of bTB and defining control/eradication strategies. In this study, whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 74 M. bovis isolates sourced from naturally infected cattle in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, was used to evaluate the population structure of M. bovis in the region, identify potential transmission events and date the introduction of clonal complex (CC) European 2 (Eu2). In silico spoligotyping identified 11 distinct patterns including four new profiles and two CCs, European 1 (Eu1) and Eu2. The analyses revealed a high level of genetic diversity in the majority of herds and identified putative transmission clusters that suggested that within- and between-herd transmission is occurring in RS. In addition, a comparison with other published M. bovis isolates from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay demonstrated some evidence for a possible cross-border transmission of CC Eu1 into RS from Uruguay or Argentina. An estimated date for the introduction of CC Eu2 into RS in the middle of the 19th century correlated with the historical introduction of cattle into RS to improve existing local breeds. These findings contribute to the understanding of the population structure of M. bovis in southern Brazil and highlight the potential of WGS in surveillance and helping to identify bTB transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudielle de Arruda Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Martín Rivera Dávila
- Computational and Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ordaz-Vázquez A, Soberanis-Ramos O, Cruz-Huerta E, Retis-Sanchez-de-la-Barquera S, Chávez-Mazari B, Gudiño-Enriquez T, Santacruz-Aguilar M, Ponce-De-León-Garduño A, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Bobadilla-Del-Valle M. Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis evaluated by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR in an intensive dairy cattle breeding area in Mexico. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1144-1154. [PMID: 33725428 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. In Mexico, dairy cattle play an important role in the persistence and spread of the bacillus. In order to describe M. bovis genetic diversity, we genotyped a total of 132 strains isolated from slaughtered cattle with bTB suggestive lesions between 2009 and 2010 in Hidalgo, Mexico, using a panel of 9-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) and spoligotyping. We found 21 spoligotypes, and 124 isolates were grouped in 13 clusters. The most frequent spoligotypes were SB0121 (49, 37.1%) and SB0673 (27, 20.5%); three new spoligotypes were reported SB02703, SB02704 and SB02705. We observed 37 MIRU-VNTR patterns, 107 isolates were grouped in 12 clusters and 25 isolates were unique. Spoligotypes SB0121, SB0673, SB0140, SB0145 and SB0120 showed marked subdivision applying MIRU-VNTR method; meanwhile, spoligotypes SB0971 and SB0327 showed single MIRU-VNTR profiles. The Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) was 0.88, 0.78 and 0.90 for 9-loci MIRU-VNTR, spoligotyping and both methods, respectively. Additionally, allelic diversity (h) analysis showed high diversity for QUB3232, QUB26 and QUB11b with h = 0.79, 0.66 and 0.63, respectively. Overall, high genetic variability was observed among M. bovis isolates. Thus, the use of 9-loci MIRU-VNTR panel is enough to describe genetic diversity, evolution and distribution of M. bovis. This study supports the use of these tools for subsequent epidemiological studies in high incidence areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Ordaz-Vázquez
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Orbelin Soberanis-Ramos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edith Cruz-Huerta
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Retis-Sanchez-de-la-Barquera
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bárbara Chávez-Mazari
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tomasa Gudiño-Enriquez
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alfredo Ponce-De-León-Garduño
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Sifuentes-Osornio
- Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Bobadilla-Del-Valle
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Conceição EC, Salvato RS, Gomes KM, Guimarães AEDS, da Conceição ML, Souza e Guimarães RJDP, Sharma A, Furlaneto IP, Barcellos RB, Bollela VR, Anselmo LMP, Sisco MC, Niero CV, Ferrazoli L, Refrégier G, Lourenço MCDS, Gomes HM, de Brito AC, Catanho M, Duarte RS, Suffys PN, Lima KVB. Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Brazil before the whole genome sequencing era: a literature review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e200517. [PMID: 33729319 PMCID: PMC7976556 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular-typing can help in unraveling epidemiological scenarios and improvement for disease control strategies. A literature review of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in Brazil through genotyping on 56 studies published from 1996-2019 was performed. The clustering rate for mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) of 1,613 isolates were: 73%, 33% and 28% based on 12, 15 and 24-loci, respectively; while for RFLP-IS6110 were: 84% among prison population in Rio de Janeiro, 69% among multidrug-resistant isolates in Rio Grande do Sul, and 56.2% in general population in São Paulo. These findings could improve tuberculosis (TB) surveillance and set up a solid basis to build a database of Mycobacterium genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn Costa Conceição
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia
Evandro Chagas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pesquisa Clínica e Doenças Infecciosas,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia
Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Bioensaios em Micobactérias, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Richard Steiner Salvato
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual
de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Karen Machado Gomes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública
Sergio Arouca, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Laboratório de Referência
Nacional para Tuberculose e outras Micobacterioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Arthur Emil dos Santos Guimarães
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e
da Saúde, Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia,
Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - Marília Lima da Conceição
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e
da Saúde, Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia,
Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Abhinav Sharma
- International Institute of Information Technology, Department of
Data Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Regina Bones Barcellos
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual
de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Valdes Roberto Bollela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica da
Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Lívia Maria Pala Anselmo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica da
Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Carolina Sisco
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia
Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cristina Viana Niero
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia,
Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Lucilaine Ferrazoli
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de
Tuberculose e Micobacterioses, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Guislaine Refrégier
- Universit e Paris-Saclay, Ecologie Systematique Evolution, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France
| | - Maria Cristina da Silva Lourenço
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia
Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Bioensaios em Micobactérias, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Harrison Magdinier Gomes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Artemir Coelho de Brito
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças de Transmissão
Respiratória de Condições Crônicas, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Marcos Catanho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafael Silva Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia
Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Philip Noel Suffys
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Karla Valéria Batista Lima
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e
da Saúde, Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia,
Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
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11
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Thomas J, Balseiro A, Gortázar C, Risalde MA. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife: a systematic review. Vet Res 2021; 52:31. [PMID: 33627188 PMCID: PMC7905575 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-host disease caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Due to its impact on economy, sanitary standards of milk and meat industry, public health and conservation, TB control is an actively ongoing research subject. Several wildlife species are involved in the maintenance and transmission of TB, so that new approaches to wildlife TB diagnosis have gained relevance in recent years. Diagnosis is a paramount step for screening, epidemiological investigation, as well as for ensuring the success of control strategies such as vaccination trials. This is the first review that systematically addresses data available for the diagnosis of TB in wildlife following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The article also gives an overview of the factors related to host, environment, sampling, and diagnostic techniques which can affect test performance. After three screenings, 124 articles were considered for systematic review. Literature indicates that post-mortem examination and culture are useful methods for disease surveillance, but immunological diagnostic tests based on cellular and humoral immune response detection are gaining importance in wildlife TB diagnosis. Among them, serological tests are especially useful in wildlife because they are relatively inexpensive and easy to perform, facilitate large-scale surveillance and can be used both ante- and post-mortem. Currently available studies assessed test performance mostly in cervids, European badgers, wild suids and wild bovids. Research to improve diagnostic tests for wildlife TB diagnosis is still needed in order to reach accurate, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic techniques adequate to a broad range of target species and consistent over space and time to allow proper disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Thomas
- Sanidad Y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC), 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain. .,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain.
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Sanidad Y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC), 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía Y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas Y Toxicología. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014, Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica Y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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12
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Carneiro PA, Zimpel CK, Pasquatti TN, Silva-Pereira TT, Takatani H, Silva CBDG, Abramovitch RB, Sa Guimaraes AM, Davila AMR, Araujo FR, Kaneene JB. Genetic Diversity and Potential Paths of Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in the Amazon: The Discovery of M. bovis Lineage Lb1 Circulating in South America. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:630989. [PMID: 33665220 PMCID: PMC7921743 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.630989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has yet to be eradicated in Brazil. Herds of cattle and buffalo are important sources of revenue to people living in the banks of the Amazon River basin. A better understanding of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) populational structure and transmission dynamics affecting these animals can significantly contribute in efforts to improve their sanitary status. Herein, we sequenced the whole genome of 22 M. bovis isolates (15 from buffalo and 7 from cattle) from 10 municipalities in the region of the Lower Amazon River Basin in Brazil and performed phylogenomic analysis and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)-based transmission inference to evaluate population structure and transmission networks. Additionally, we compared these genomes to others obtained in unrelated studies in the Marajó Island (n = 15) and worldwide (n = 128) to understand strain diversity in the Amazon and to infer M. bovis lineages. Our results show a higher genomic diversity of M. bovis genomes obtained in the Lower Amazon River region when compared to the Marajó Island, while no significant difference was observed between M. bovis genomes obtained from cattle and buffalo (p ≥ 0.05). This high genetic diversity is reflected by the weak phylogenetic clustering of M. bovis from the Lower Amazon River region based on geographic proximity and in the detection of only two putative transmission clusters in the region. One of these clusters is the first description of inter-species transmission between cattle and buffalo in the Amazon, bringing implications to the bTB control program. Surprisingly, two M. bovis lineages were detected in our dataset, namely Lb1 and Lb3, constituting the first description of Lb1 in South America. Most of the strains of this study (13/22) and all 15 strains of the Marajó Island carried no clonal complex marker, suggesting that the recent lineage classification better describe the diversity of M. bovis in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Alex Carneiro
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Amazonas State Federal Institute, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kraemer Zimpel
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Taiana T. Silva-Pereira
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haruo Takatani
- Agência de Defesa Agropecuaria Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Robert B. Abramovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ana Marcia Sa Guimaraes
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto M. R. Davila
- Computational and Systems Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute and Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - John B. Kaneene
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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13
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Vielmo A, Lopes BC, Panziera W, Bianchi RM, Mayer FQ, Vielmo LA, Barros CSL, Driemeier D. Penile Tuberculosis in a Bull. J Comp Pathol 2020; 180:5-8. [PMID: 33222874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of penile tuberculosis in a bull. The prepuce was thickened, firm and pale with multifocal to coalescent caseous nodules, and the inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes were moderately enlarged. Lesions in the prepuce, penis and lymph nodes were characterized by multifocal to coalescent areas of caseous necrosis and marked granulomatous inflammation. Acid-fast bacilli were seen within necrotic foci and Langhans giant cells. Mycobacteriumtuberculosis var. bovis was identified in inguinal lymph nodes by the polymerase chain reaction technique and by bacterial isolation. Although rare, tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of granulomatous lesions in the genital tract of bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Vielmo
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Correa Lopes
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Welden Panziera
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Michel Bianchi
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Furlaneto IP, da Conceição ML, Conceição EC, Lopes ML, Rodrigues YC, Macelino BR, Gomes HM, Suffys PN, Guimarães RJDPSE, da Silva MG, Duarte RS, da Costa Francez L, Casseb ADR, Câmara VDM, Pereira WLA, da Costa ARF, Lima KVB. Molecular epidemiology of mycobacteria among herds in Marajó Island, Brazil, reveals strains genetically related and potential zoonotic risk of clinical relevance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 77:104044. [PMID: 31634644 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) being among the animal-adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Herds can also be infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing a negative effect on the economy and on animal and human health through zoonotic infections. Molecular tools are required for mycobacteria identification; thus, it is laborious to determine the epidemiological information of mycobacteria among herds. We aimed to describe the mycobacterial pathogens associated with cases of suspected bTB lesions in cattle/buffaloes slaughtered for consumption and to investigate bTB transmission. We evaluated 74 lesion samples from 48 animals (27 bovine/21 buffaloes) from 16 mapped farms. Positives samples from nested-PCR were cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ), 2% pyruvate (LJ + P), and 2% glycerol (LJ + G) media, followed by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining technique and partial gene sequencing (hsp65, rpoB, and 16S-rRNA). Spoligotyping and 24-MIRU-VNTR were performed. The LJ + P increased the chance of obtaining bacilli. The respiratory tract and the oral cavity were the most important infection route. In addition, the calcified part of the lesions suggested chronic bTB. Spoligotypes of M. bovis (SIT986/SB0885) differed from others found in South America, and the MIRU-VNTR 24 loci suggested that bTB was associated to highly related strains. The NTM species found are of clinical importance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismari Perini Furlaneto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Rua do Una 156, Telégrafo, Belém, Pará, 66 050-540, Brazil.
| | - Marília Lima da Conceição
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Rua do Una 156, Telégrafo, Belém, Pará, 66 050-540, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Emilyn Costa Conceição
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Cidade Universitária - s/n bl I ss, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-970, Brazil; Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Bioensaios, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Luíza Lopes
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Yan Corrêa Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Rua do Una 156, Telégrafo, Belém, Pará, 66 050-540, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Reis Macelino
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Rua do Una 156, Telégrafo, Belém, Pará, 66 050-540, Brazil
| | - Harrison Magdinier Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Microbactéria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Philip Noel Suffys
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Microbactéria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marlei Gomes da Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Cidade Universitária - s/n bl I ss, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Duarte
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Cidade Universitária - s/n bl I ss, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-970, Brazil
| | - Loreno da Costa Francez
- Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Estr. Principal da Ufra, Curió Utinga, Belém, PA 2150-2476, Brazil
| | - Alexandre do Rosário Casseb
- Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Estr. Principal da Ufra, Curió Utinga, Belém, PA 2150-2476, Brazil
| | - Volney de Magalhães Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horacio Macedo, S/N, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro- RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira
- Programa Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, Pará 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Ana Roberta Fusco da Costa
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Karla Valéria Batista Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Rua do Una 156, Telégrafo, Belém, Pará, 66 050-540, Brazil; Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Brazil.
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15
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Carneiro PAM, Pasquatti TN, Takatani H, Zumárraga MJ, Marfil MJ, Barnard C, Fitzgerald SD, Abramovitch RB, Araujo FR, Kaneene JB. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and buffalo in Amazon Region, Brazil. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:133-141. [PMID: 31571406 PMCID: PMC7036311 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize Mycobacterium bovis from cattle and buffalo tissue samples, from two Brazilian states, and to analyse their genetic diversity by spoligotyping. Tissue samples from tuberculosis suspect animals, 57 in Amazonas State (12 cattle and 45 buffaloes) and six from Pará State (5 cattle and one buffalo) from slaughterhouses under State Veterinary Inspection, were isolated in culture medium Stonebrink. The positive cultures were confirmed by PCR and analysed by the spoligotyping technique and the patterns (spoligotypes) were identified and compared at the Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype Database (http://www.mbovis.org/). There was bacterial growth in 44 (69.8%) of the tissues of the 63 animals, of which PCR for region of differentiation 4 identified 35/44 (79.5%) as Mycobacterium bovis. Six different spoligotypes were identified among the 35 Mycobacterium bovis isolates, of which SB0295, SB1869, SB0121 and SB1800 had already been described in Brazil, and SB0822 and SB1608 had not been described. The most frequent spoligotype in this study (SB0822) had already been described in buffaloes in Colombia, a neighbouring country of Amazonas state. The other identified spoligotypes were also described in other South American countries, such as Argentina and Venezuela, and described in the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and Goiás, indicating an active movement of Mycobacterium bovis strains within Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A M Carneiro
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Amazonas State Federal Institute, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Haruo Takatani
- Agencia de Defesa Agropecuaria do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Martin J Zumárraga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria J Marfil
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Scott D Fitzgerald
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert B Abramovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Flábio R Araujo
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - John B Kaneene
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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16
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Marianelli C, Amato B, Boniotti MB, Vitale M, Pruiti Ciarello F, Pacciarini ML, Di Marco Lo Presti V. Genotype diversity and distribution of Mycobacterium bovis from livestock in a small, high-risk area in northeastern Sicily, Italy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007546. [PMID: 31306431 PMCID: PMC6658142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an important re-emerging disease affecting livestock, wildlife and humans. Epidemiological studies are crucial to identifying the source of bTB infection, and its transmission dynamics and host preference, and thus to the implementation of effective strategies to contain it. In this study, we typed M. bovis isolates from livestock, and investigated their genetic diversity and distribution. A total of 204 M. bovis isolates were collected from cattle (n = 164) and Sicilian black pigs (n = 40) reared in a limited area of the province of Messina, northeastern Sicily, an area that had previously been identified as having the highest incidence of bTB in livestock on the island. All M. bovis isolates were typed by both spoligotyping and 12-loci MIRU-VNTR analysis. Results from both methods were then combined in order to improve the discriminatory power of M. bovis typing. We identified 73 combined genetic profiles. Thirty-five point six percent of the profiles were common to at least two animals, whereas 64.4% of profiles occurred in only one animal. A number of genetic profiles were predominant in either cattle or black pigs. We identified common genetic patterns in M. bovis isolates originating not only from neighboring districts, but also from non-neighboring districts. Our findings suggest that bTB is widespread in our setting, and is caused by a large number of genetically diverse M. bovis strains. The ecology and farming practices characteristic of the area may explain the substantial M. bovis heterogeneity observed, and could represent obstacles to bTB eradication. Bovine tuberculosis is a widespread infectious disease affecting both domestic and wild animals, as well as humans. In addition to being of public health concern, the disease, caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis, has a significant economic impact on the farming industry due to the costs of eradication efforts. In Sicily, the largest of the Italian islands, bovine tuberculosis in livestock is of great concern, and targeted control strategies are needed. Molecular epidemiology is an essential tool for determining the distribution of a disease, so as to control it and minimize its threat to the population. We typed M. bovis isolates isolated from cattle and pigs reared in a limited area of Sicily. An in-depth comparison of the genetic makeup of these isolates allowed us a better understanding of the genetic diversity and distribution of the pathogen in our population of animals. We found that the disease is widespread in the area and caused by a large variety of M. bovis strains, which are in several cases common to different species of livestock. The paper concludes with a discussion of the findings in light of the environmental and ecological setting, and of farming practices in the area. The results are expected to contribute to the improvement of surveillance and control programs of bovine tuberculosis in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Marianelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Benedetta Amato
- Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona P.G., Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- National Reference Centre for Bovine Tuberculosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona P.G., Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
| | - Flavia Pruiti Ciarello
- Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona P.G., Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Pacciarini
- National Reference Centre for Bovine Tuberculosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti
- Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona P.G., Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
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17
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Milne MG, Graham J, Allen A, McCormick C, Presho E, Skuce R, Byrne AW. Variation in Mycobacterium bovis genetic richness suggests that inwards cattle movements are a more important source of infection in beef herds than in dairy herds. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:154. [PMID: 31277578 PMCID: PMC6612228 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We used genetic Multi-Locus VNTR Analysis (MLVA) data gathered from surveillance efforts to better understand the ongoing bovine tuberculosis (bTB) epidemic in Northern Irish cattle herds. We modelled the factors associated with Mycobacterium bovis MLVA genotype richness at three analytical scales; breakdown level, herd level, and patch level, and compared the results between dairy and non-dairy production types. Results In 83% of breakdowns and in 63% of herds, a single MLVA genotype was isolated. Five or more MLVA genotypes were found in less than 3 % of herds. Herd size and the total number of reactors were important explanatory variables, suggesting that increasing MLVA genotype richness was positively related to increases in the number of host animals. Despite their smaller relative size, however, the highest MLVA genotype richness values were observed in non-dairy herds. Increasing inwards cattle movements were important positive predictors of MLVA genotype richness, but mainly in non-dairy settings. Conclusions The principal finding is that low MLVA genotype richness indicates that small-scale epidemics, e.g. wildlife, contiguous farms, and within-herd recrudescence, are important routes of M. bovis infection in cattle herds. We hypothesise that these mechanisms will maintain, but may not explicitly increase, MLVA genotype richness. The presence of elevated MLVA richness is relatively rare and likely indicates beef fattening enterprises, which purchase cattle from over long distances. Cattle movements were furthermore an important predictor of MLVA genotype richness in non-dairy herds, but not in dairy herds; this may represent reduced cattle purchasing levels in dairy enterprises, compared to beef. These observations allude to the relative contribution of different routes of bTB infection between production types; we posit that infection associated with local factors may be more evident in dairy herds than beef herds, however in beef herds, inwards movements offer additional opportunities for introducing M. bovis into the herd. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1530-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Milne
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK.
| | - J Graham
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - A Allen
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - C McCormick
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK.,Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA), Veterinary Service Animal Health, Coleraine, UK
| | - E Presho
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - R Skuce
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - A W Byrne
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.,Present Address: Surveillance, Animal By-Products, and TSEs (SAT) Division, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (DAFM), Agriculture House, Dublin 2, Ireland
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18
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Elsayed MSAE. A first insight into the application of high discriminatory MIRU-VNTR typing using QIAxcel technology for genotyping Mycobacterium bovis isolated from the Delta area in Egypt. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 71:211-214. [PMID: 30974263 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is a notorious infectious agent leading to serious economic losses for cattle farms worldwide. Analysis of the widely spreading genotypes is vital for tracing infections, understanding transmission dynamics, and controlling the cluster growth. This study aimed to evaluate the discrimination ability of 15 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) loci and to assess the extremely efficient loci subset for molecular epidemiological investigations of M.bovis from farms in the Delta area of Egypt. The discriminating ability of MIRU-VNTR genotyping using 15 loci {2 exact tandem repeat (ETR) loci, 6 MIRU loci, 4 Mtub loci, and 3 Queen's University of Belfast (QUB) group loci)} were evaluated on 61 M.bovis isolates from cattle (Holstein Frisian) and buffaloes. The results indicate that there are 48 genotypes: 3 unique genotypes and 45 genotypes with shared similarities. Using the MIRU-VNTRplus database, M.bovis ID 7540/01 and ID 5346/02 were the nearest lineages to both groups. Six loci (MIRU10, QUB11b, QUB26, ETRA, Mtub30, and Mtub39) were highly discriminating, seven other loci (Mtub21, MIRU26, QUB4156, MIRU04 (ETRD), MIRU16, MIRU 40, and ETRC) gave moderate discriminatory power, and the last two loci (Mtub04 and MIRU31) were poorly discriminative. MIRU-VNTR typing generally proved efficacy and high discriminatory power, with a collective allele's diversification of 0.9641. Both the six highly discriminating (DI = 0.9492) and the seven moderately discriminating loci (DI = 0.9269) evidenced to be suitable for M.bovis first-step initial genotyping from cattle herds in Egypt. MIRU-VNTR is rapid and effective in the genotyping of M.bovis from cattle and buffaloes in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sabry Abd Elraheam Elsayed
- University of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt.
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The most common spoligotype of Mycobacterium bovis isolated in the world and the recommended loci for VNTR typing; A systematic review. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:310-315. [PMID: 29578066 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is a neglected zoonotic organism that epidemiological studies are of crucial importance in identifying its source, control it and prevent it from spreading. The aim of this study was to investigate the most common spoligotypes of Mycobacterium bovis circulating around the world and introduce the most and least strong determine powers of loci for VNTR. We have used different databases such as ISC, science direct, Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science, Scopus and Medline via PubMed. Searches were performed by key words including: Mycobacterium bovis, MIRU -VNTR, spoligotyping and discrimination power. Finally, thirty-one articles were selected after filtering out some titles, abstracts and full texts. Spoligotype SB0120 was the most common circulating type on several continents while SB0121 existed in Europe, Africa and America. SB0140 was also detected in Asia, Europe and America. QUB3232 and QUB11b were more appropriate loci among the loci with high discriminatory power. MIRU 10 and MIRU4 were among the loci with poor discriminatory power. Taking the published data into consideration, SB0120 and SB0121 are predominant spoligotypes of M. bovis circulating among animals around the world. Determining the most common spoligotype of M. bovis is the key to find source of infection, control and prevent the disease.
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Lasserre M, Fresia P, Greif G, Iraola G, Castro-Ramos M, Juambeltz A, Nuñez Á, Naya H, Robello C, Berná L. Whole genome sequencing of the monomorphic pathogen Mycobacterium bovis reveals local differentiation of cattle clinical isolates. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:2. [PMID: 29291727 PMCID: PMC5748942 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) poses serious risks to animal welfare and economy, as well as to public health as a zoonosis. Its etiological agent, Mycobacterium bovis, belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), a group of genetically monomorphic organisms featured by a remarkably high overall nucleotide identity (99.9%). Indeed, this characteristic is of major concern for correct typing and determination of strain-specific traits based on sequence diversity. Due to its historical economic dependence on cattle production, Uruguay is deeply affected by the prevailing incidence of Mycobacterium bovis. With the world’s highest number of cattle per human, and its intensive cattle production, Uruguay represents a particularly suited setting to evaluate genomic variability among isolates, and the diversity traits associated to this pathogen. Results We compared 186 genomes from MTBC strains isolated worldwide, and found a highly structured population in M. bovis. The analysis of 23 new M. bovis genomes, belonging to strains isolated in Uruguay evidenced three groups present in the country. Despite presenting an expected highly conserved genomic structure and sequence, these strains segregate into a clustered manner within the worldwide phylogeny. Analysis of the non-pe/ppe differential areas against a reference genome defined four main sources of variability, namely: regions of difference (RD), variable genes, duplications and novel genes. RDs and variant analysis segregated the strains into clusters that are concordant with their spoligotype identities. Due to its high homoplasy rate, spoligotyping failed to reflect the true genomic diversity among worldwide representative strains, however, it remains a good indicator for closely related populations. Conclusions This study introduces a comprehensive population structure analysis of worldwide M. bovis isolates. The incorporation and analysis of 23 novel Uruguayan M. bovis genomes, sheds light onto the genomic diversity of this pathogen, evidencing the existence of greater genetic variability among strains than previously contemplated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4249-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Lasserre
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Fresia
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Greif
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Miguel Castro-Ramos
- Departamento de Bacteriología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios (DI.LA.VE.) "Miguel C. Rubino", Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Arturo Juambeltz
- Departamento de Bacteriología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios (DI.LA.VE.) "Miguel C. Rubino", Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Álvaro Nuñez
- Departamento de Bacteriología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios (DI.LA.VE.) "Miguel C. Rubino", Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Naya
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Luisa Berná
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Andrievskaia O, Turcotte C, Berlie-Surujballi G, Battaion H, Lloyd D. Genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from domestic animals and wildlife in Canada in 1985-2015. Vet Microbiol 2017; 214:44-50. [PMID: 29408031 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two internationally recognised and standardised genotyping methods, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit and variable number tandem repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR) and spoligotyping, were applied to characterise genetic variations among 137 Mycobacterium bovis isolates recovered from Canadian domestic and wild animals during 1985-2015. Spoligotyping generated seven types that were discriminated further into12 MIRU-VNTR types. The discriminatory power indexes were estimated as 0.71 and 0.77 for spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing approaches, respectively. In total, 6 prominent clusters of isolates were observed by the genotyping schemes. Four genotype clusters were exclusively observed in farmed animals. Three of these four clusters were affiliated with localised tuberculosis outbreaks, and each cluster corresponded to a single specific spoligotype (SB0140, SB0673, and SB1069) and a MIRU-VNTR profile. The fourth genotype cluster, with spoligotype SB0265 which segregated into two MIRU-VNTR types, was associated with bovine tuberculosis outbreaks in several farms across Canada during 1990-2002. Two genotype clusters of M. bovis stains were associated with wildlife reservoirs: a spoligotype SB0130 with 3 unique MIRU-VNTR profiles were observed in wood bison in Wood Buffalo National Park, and unique spoligotypes SB1070 and 1071 represented by four MIRU-VNTR profiles were recovered from cervidae species in and around the Riding Mountain National Park of Manitoba. Genotyping data confirmed M. bovis transmission between wildlife and livestock in Manitoba in 1990-2008. Overall, notwithstanding the low level of genetic diversity of Canadian M. bovis strains, the spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing were useful tools in monitoring transmission of endemic strains and defining new introductions to Canada. The majority of genotypes were most likely introduced into domestic animals through live animal trade, and subsequently eliminated as a result of bovine tuberculosis outbreak investigation and eradication activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Andrievskaia
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Fallowfield), 3851 Fallowfield Rd., Ottawa, Ontario K2H 8P9, Canada.
| | - Claude Turcotte
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Fallowfield), 3851 Fallowfield Rd., Ottawa, Ontario K2H 8P9, Canada
| | - Gloria Berlie-Surujballi
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Fallowfield), 3851 Fallowfield Rd., Ottawa, Ontario K2H 8P9, Canada
| | - Hannah Battaion
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Fallowfield), 3851 Fallowfield Rd., Ottawa, Ontario K2H 8P9, Canada
| | - Dara Lloyd
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Fallowfield), 3851 Fallowfield Rd., Ottawa, Ontario K2H 8P9, Canada
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22
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Zimpel CK, Brandão PE, de Souza Filho AF, de Souza RF, Ikuta CY, Ferreira Neto JS, Camargo NCS, Heinemann MB, Guimarães AMS. Complete Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium bovis SP38 and Comparative Genomics of Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis Strains. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2389. [PMID: 29259589 PMCID: PMC5723337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis and is the main organism responsible for zoonotic tuberculosis in humans. We performed the sequencing, assembly and annotation of a Brazilian strain of M. bovis named SP38, and performed comparative genomics of M. bovis genomes deposited in GenBank. M. bovis SP38 has a traditional tuberculous mycobacterium genome of 4,347,648 bp, with 65.5% GC, and 4,216 genes. The majority of CDSs (2,805, 69.3%) have predictive function, while 1,206 (30.07%) are hypothetical. For comparative analysis, 31 M. bovis, 32 M. bovis BCG, and 23 Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes available in GenBank were selected. M. bovis RDs (regions of difference) and Clonal Complexes (CC) were identified in silico. Genome dynamics of bacterial groups were analyzed by gene orthology and polymorphic sites identification. M. bovis polymorphic sites were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Our RD analyses resulted in the exclusion of three genomes, mistakenly annotated as virulent M. bovis. M. bovis SP38 along with strain 35 represent the first report of CC European 2 in Brazil, whereas two other M. bovis strains failed to be classified within current CC. Results of M. bovis orthologous genes analysis suggest a process of genome remodeling through genomic decay and gene duplication. Quantification, pairwise comparisons and distribution analyses of polymorphic sites demonstrate greater genetic variability of M. tuberculosis when compared to M. bovis and M. bovis BCG (p ≤ 0.05), indicating that currently defined M. tuberculosis lineages are more genetically diverse than M. bovis CC and animal-adapted MTC (M. tuberculosis Complex) species. As expected, polymorphic sites annotation shows that M. bovis BCG are subjected to different evolutionary pressures when compared to virulent mycobacteria. Lastly, M. bovis phylogeny indicates that polymorphic sites may be used as markers of M. bovis lineages in association with CC. Our findings highlight the need to better understand host-pathogen co-evolution in genetically homogeneous and/or diverse host populations, considering the fact that M. bovis has a broader host range when compared to M. tuberculosis. Also, the identification of M. bovis genomes not classified within CC indicates that the diversity of M. bovis lineages may be larger than previously thought or that current classification should be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Kraemer Zimpel
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Brandão
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio F de Souza Filho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson F de Souza
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Evolution, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cássia Y Ikuta
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Soares Ferreira Neto
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naila C Soler Camargo
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M S Guimarães
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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