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Chen R, Zhang H, Tang B, Luo Y, Yang Y, Zhong X, Chen S, Xu X, Huang S, Liu C. Macrophages in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:130. [PMID: 38816371 PMCID: PMC11139930 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response holds a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease development. As multifunctional cells of the innate immune system, macrophages play an essential role in initial inflammatory response that occurs following cardiovascular injury, thereby inducing subsequent damage while also facilitating recovery. Meanwhile, the diverse phenotypes and phenotypic alterations of macrophages strongly associate with distinct types and severity of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, valvular disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atherosclerosis and aneurysm, which underscores the importance of investigating macrophage regulatory mechanisms within the context of specific diseases. Besides, recent strides in single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed macrophage heterogeneity, cell-cell interactions, and downstream mechanisms of therapeutic targets at a higher resolution, which brings new perspectives into macrophage-mediated mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Remarkably, myocardial fibrosis, a prevalent characteristic in most cardiac diseases, remains a formidable clinical challenge, necessitating a profound investigation into the impact of macrophages on myocardial fibrosis within the context of cardiac diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the diverse phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages in regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and unprecedented insights introduced by single-cell sequencing technologies, with a focus on different causes and characteristics of diseases, especially the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac diseases (myocardial infarction, pressure overload, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac aging) and the relationship between inflammation and vascular injury in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis and aneurysm). Finally, we also highlight the preclinical/clinical macrophage targeting strategies and translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Botao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Sifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Shengkang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Canzhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Antipenko S, Mayfield N, Jinno M, Gunzer M, Ismahil MA, Hamid T, Prabhu SD, Rokosh G. Neutrophils are indispensable for adverse cardiac remodeling in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 189:1-11. [PMID: 38387309 PMCID: PMC10997476 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Persistent immune activation contributes significantly to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and adverse remodeling in heart failure (HF). In contrast to their well-known essential role in acute myocardial infarction (MI) as first responders that clear dead cells and facilitate subsequent reparative macrophage polarization, the role of neutrophils in the pathobiology of chronic ischemic HF is poorly defined. To determine the importance of neutrophils in the progression of ischemic cardiomyopathy, we measured their production, levels, and activation in a mouse model of chronic HF 8 weeks after permanent coronary artery ligation and large MI. In HF mice, neutrophils were more abundant both locally in failing myocardium (more in the border zone) and systemically in the blood, spleen, and bone marrow, together with increased BM granulopoiesis. There were heightened stimuli for neutrophil recruitment and trafficking in HF, with increased myocardial expression of the neutrophil chemoattract chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL5, and increased neutrophil chemotactic factors in the circulation. HF neutrophil NETotic activity was increased in vitro with coordinate increases in circulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vivo. Neutrophil depletion with either antibody-based or genetic approaches abrogated the progression of LV remodeling and fibrosis at both intermediate and late stages of HF. Moreover, analogous to murine HF, the plasma milieu in human acute decompensated HF strongly promoted neutrophil trafficking. Collectively, these results support a key tissue-injurious role for neutrophils and their associated cytotoxic products in ischemic cardiomyopathy and suggest that neutrophils are potential targets for therapeutic immunomodulation in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Antipenko
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicolas Mayfield
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Miki Jinno
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Leibniz-Institute fur Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ameen Ismahil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tariq Hamid
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Gao S, Yang Z, Li D, Wang B, Zheng X, Li C, Fan G. Intervention of Tanshinone IIA on the PGK1-PDHK1 Pathway to Reprogram Macrophage Phenotype After Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07520-6. [PMID: 37991600 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction remains a disease with high morbidity and death rate among cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages are abundant immune cells in the heart. Under different stimulatory factors, macrophages can differentiate into different phenotypes and play a dual pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory role. Therefore, a potential strategy for the treatment of myocardial infarction is to regulate the energy metabolism of macrophages and thereby regulate the polarization of macrophages. Tan IIA is an effective liposolubility component extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza and plays an important role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. On this basis, this study proposed whether Tan IIA could affect phenotype changes by regulating energy metabolism of macrophages, and thus exert its potential in the treatment of MI. METHODS Establishing a myocardial infarction model, Tan IIA was given for 3 days and 7 days for intervention. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography, and cardiac pathological sections of each group were stained with HE and Masson to observe the inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis area after administration. The expression and secretion of inflammatory factors in heart tissue and serum of each group, as well as the proportion of macrophages at the myocardial infarction site, were detected using RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. The mitochondrial function of macrophages was evaluated using JC-1, calcium ion concentration detection, reactive oxygen species detection, and mitochondrial electron microscopic analysis. Mechanically, single-cell transcriptome data mining, cell transcriptome sequencing, and molecular docking technology were used to anchor the target of Tan IIA and enrich the pathways to explore the mechanism of Tan IIA regulating macrophage energy metabolism and phenotype. The target of Tan IIA was further determined by gene knockdown and overexpression assay. RESULTS The intervention of Tan IIA can improve the cardiac function, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis after MI, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in the heart, enhance the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, increase the proportion of M2-type macrophages, reduce the proportion of M1-type macrophages, and promote tissue repair, suggesting that Tan IIA has pharmacological effects in the treatment of MI. In terms of mechanism, RNA-seq results suggest that the phenotype of macrophages is strongly correlated with energy metabolism, and Tan IIA can regulate the PGK1-PDHK1 signaling pathway, change the energy metabolism mode of macrophages, and then affect its phenotype. CONCLUSION Tan IIA regulates the energy metabolism of macrophages and changes its phenotype through the PGK1-PDHK1 signaling pathway, thus playing a role in improving MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin, 300193, Nan Kai District, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin, 300193, Nan Kai District, China
| | - Dan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin, 300193, Nan Kai District, China
| | - Bingkai Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin, 300193, Nan Kai District, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin, 300193, Nan Kai District, China
| | - Chong Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin, 300193, Nan Kai District, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin, 300193, Nan Kai District, China.
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Amador-Martínez I, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Bernabe-Yepes B, Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Mitochondrial Impairment: A Link for Inflammatory Responses Activation in the Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15875. [PMID: 37958859 PMCID: PMC10650149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS type 4) occurs when chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cardiovascular damage, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Mitochondria, vital organelles responsible for essential cellular functions, can become dysfunctional in CKD. This dysfunction can trigger inflammatory responses in distant organs by releasing Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs are recognized by immune receptors within cells, including Toll-like receptors (TLR) like TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Activation of these immune receptors leads to the increased expression of cytokines and chemokines. Excessive chemokine stimulation results in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues, causing chronic damage. Experimental studies have demonstrated that chemokines are upregulated in the heart during CKD, contributing to CRS type 4. Conversely, chemokine inhibitors have been shown to reduce chronic inflammation and prevent cardiorenal impairment. However, the molecular connection between mitochondrial DAMPs and inflammatory pathways responsible for chemokine overactivation in CRS type 4 has not been explored. In this review, we delve into mechanistic insights and discuss how various mitochondrial DAMPs released by the kidney during CKD can activate TLRs, NLRP3, and cGAS-STING immune pathways in the heart. This activation leads to the upregulation of chemokines, ultimately culminating in the establishment of CRS type 4. Furthermore, we propose using chemokine inhibitors as potential strategies for preventing CRS type 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Amador-Martínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.A.-M.); (A.K.A.-R.)
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Bismarck Bernabe-Yepes
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.A.-M.); (A.K.A.-R.)
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
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Mehta A, Chandiramani R, Spirito A, Vogel B, Mehran R. Significance of Kidney Disease in Cardiovascular Disease Patients. Interv Cardiol Clin 2023; 12:453-467. [PMID: 37673491 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome is a condition where is a bidirectional and mutually detrimental relationship between the heart and kidneys. The mechanisms underlying cardiorenal syndrome are multifactorial and complex. Patients with kidney disease exhibit increased cardiovascular risk, presenting as coronary and peripheral artery disease, structural heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death, largely occurring because of a systemic proinflammatory state, causing myocardial and vascular remodeling, manifesting as atherosclerotic lesions, vascular and valvular calcification, and myocardial fibrosis, particularly among those with advanced disease. This review summarizes the current understanding and clinical implications of kidney disease in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhya Mehta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1400 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rishi Chandiramani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1400 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alessandro Spirito
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Birgit Vogel
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Research and Clinical Trials, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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Gu J, Zhang LN, Gu X, Zhu Y. Identification of hub genes associated with oxidative stress in heart failure and their correlation with immune infiltration using bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15893. [PMID: 37609434 PMCID: PMC10441528 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Both oxidative stress and the immune response are associated with heart failure (HF). In this study, our aim was to identify the hub genes associated with oxidative stress andimmune infiltration of HF by bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. The expression profile of GSE36074 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by GEO2R. The genes related to oxidative stress were extracted from GeneCards websites. Then, the functional enrichment analysis of oxidative stress-related DEGs (OSRDEGs) was performed using DAVID. In addition, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using the STRING database and screened for hub genes with Cytoscape software. We also used CIBERSORTx to analyze immune infiltration in mice heart tissues between the TAC and Sham groups and explored the correlation between immune cells and hub genes. Finally, the hub genes were carried out using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot. A total of 136 OSRDEGs were found in GSE36074. Enrichment analysis revealed that these OSRDEGs were enriched in the mitochondrion, HIF-1, FoxO, MAPK and TNF signaling pathway. The five hub genes (Mapk14, Hif1a, Myc, Hsp90ab1, and Hsp90aa1) were screened by the cytoHubba plugin. The correlation analysis between immune cells and hub genes showed that Mapk14 was positively correlated with Th2 Cells, while Hif1a and Hsp90ab1exhibited a negative correlation with Th2 Cells; Myc exhibited a negative correlation with Monocytes; whereas, Hsp90aa1 was negatively correlated with NK Resting. Finally, five hub genes were validated by RT-qPCR, IHC and western blot. Mapk14, Hif1a, Myc, Hsp90ab1, and Hsp90aa1 are hub genes of HF and may play a critical role in the oxidative stress of HF. This study may provide new targets for the treatment of HF, and the potential immunotherapies are worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Na Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ovchinnikov A, Filatova A, Potekhina A, Arefieva T, Gvozdeva A, Ageev F, Belyavskiy E. Blood Immune Cell Alterations in Patients with Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:310. [PMID: 37504566 PMCID: PMC10380876 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are key players in cardiac remodeling associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Monocytes and T-helpers (Th) are involved in both pro-inflammatory and fibrotic processes, while regulatory T-cells (Treg) could be considered to suppress chronic inflammation in the hypertrophied myocardium. We aimed to estimate the relationship between the frequencies of circulating CD4+ T-cell and monocyte subpopulations and the variables of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with LVH depending on the presence of HFpEF. (2) Methods: We enrolled 57 patients with asymptomatic hypertensive LVH (n = 21), or LVH associated with HFpEF (n = 36). A clinical assessment and echocardiographs were analyzed. CD4+ Treg, activated Th (Th-act), and monocyte (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) subpopulations were evaluated via direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. (3) Results: Patients with HFpEF had a lower Treg/Th-act ratio (p = 0.001). Though asymptomatic patients and patients with HFpEF were comparable in terms of both the total monocyte number and monocyte subsets, there were moderate correlations between intermediate monocyte count and conventional and novel echocardiographic variables of LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with HFpEF. (4) Conclusions: In patients with LVH, the clinical deterioration (transition to HFpEF) and progression of LV diastolic dysfunction are probably associated with T-cell disbalance and an increase in intermediate monocyte counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Clinical Functional Diagnostics, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Filatova
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Potekhina
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Arefieva
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Gvozdeva
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fail Ageev
- Out-Patient Department, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
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Zambrano MA, Alcaide P. Immune Cells in Cardiac Injury Repair and Remodeling. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:315-323. [PMID: 36961658 PMCID: PMC10852991 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immune cells are emerging as central cellular components of the heart which communicate with cardiac resident cells during homeostasis, cardiac injury, and remodeling. These findings are contributing to the development and continuous expansion of the new field of cardio-immunology. We review the most recent literature on this topic and discuss ongoing and future efforts to advance this field forward. RECENT FINDINGS Cell-fate mapping, strategy depleting, and reconstituting immune cells in pre-clinical models of cardiac disease, combined with the investigation of the human heart at the single cell level, are contributing immensely to our understanding of the complex intercellular communication between immune and non-immune cells in the heart. While the acute immune response is necessary to initiate inflammation and tissue repair post injury, it becomes detrimental when sustained over time and contributes to adverse cardiac remodeling and pathology. Understanding the specific functions of immune cells in the context of the cardiac environment will provide new opportunities for immunomodulation to induce or tune down inflammation as needed in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia Zambrano
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, M&V 701, 02111, Boston, MA, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, M&V 701, 02111, Boston, MA, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Feng Y, Yuan Y, Xia H, Wang Z, Che Y, Hu Z, Deng J, Li F, Wu Q, Bian Z, Zhou H, Shen D, Tang Q. OSMR deficiency aggravates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by modulating macrophages and OSM/LIFR/STAT3 signalling. J Transl Med 2023; 21:290. [PMID: 37120549 PMCID: PMC10149029 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncostatin M (OSM) is a secreted cytokine of the interleukin (IL)-6 family that induces biological effects by activating functional receptor complexes of the common signal transducing component glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and OSM receptor β (OSMR) or leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), which are mainly involved in chronic inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. The effect and underlying mechanism of OSM/OSMR/LIFR on the development of cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS OSMR-knockout (OSMR-KO) mice were subjected to aortic banding (AB) surgery to establish a model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Echocardiographic, histological, biochemical and immunological analyses of the myocardium and the adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were conducted for in vivo studies. BMDMs were isolated and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the in vitro study. OSMR deficiency aggravated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrotic remodelling and cardiac dysfunction after AB surgery in mice. Mechanistically, the loss of OSMR activated OSM/LIFR/STAT3 signalling and promoted a proresolving macrophage phenotype that exacerbated inflammation and impaired cardiac repair during remodelling. In addition, adoptive transfer of OSMR-KO BMDMs to WT mice after AB surgery resulted in a consistent hypertrophic phenotype. Moreover, knockdown of LIFR in myocardial tissue with Ad-shLIFR ameliorated the effects of OSMR deletion on the phenotype and STAT3 activation. CONCLUSIONS OSMR deficiency aggravated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by modulating macrophages and OSM/LIFR/STAT3 signalling, which provided evidence that OSMR might be an attractive target for treating pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hongxia Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhaopeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan Che
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhefu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jiangyang Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhouyan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Difei Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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10
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Yang C, Li J, Deng Z, Luo S, Liu J, Fang W, Liu F, Liu T, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Meng Z, Zhang S, Luo J, Liu C, Yang D, Liu L, Sukhova GK, Sadybekov A, Katritch V, Libby P, Wang J, Guo J, Shi GP. Eosinophils protect pressure overload- and β-adrenoreceptor agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:195-212. [PMID: 35394031 PMCID: PMC10022866 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Blood eosinophil (EOS) counts and EOS cationic protein (ECP) levels associate positively with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and prevalence. This study investigates the role of EOS in cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective cross-section study of 644 consecutive inpatients with hypertension examined the association between blood EOS counts and cardiac hypertrophy. Pressure overload- and β-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy was produced in EOS-deficient ΔdblGATA mice. This study revealed positive correlations between blood EOS counts and left ventricular (LV) mass and mass index in humans. ΔdblGATA mice showed exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, with increased LV wall thickness, reduced LV internal diameter, and increased myocardial cell size, death, and fibrosis. Repopulation of EOS from wild-type (WT) mice, but not those from IL4-deficient mice ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunctions. In ΔdblGATA and WT mice, administration of ECP mEar1 improved cardiac hypertrophy and function. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EOS expression of IL4, IL13, and mEar1 was essential to control mouse cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death and cardiac fibroblast TGF-β signalling and fibrotic protein synthesis. The use of human cardiac cells yielded the same results. Human ECP, EOS-derived neurotoxin, human EOS, or murine recombinant mEar1 reduced human cardiomyocyte death and hypertrophy and human cardiac fibroblast TGF-β signalling. CONCLUSION Although blood EOS counts correlated positively with LV mass or LV mass index in humans, this study established a cardioprotective role for EOS IL4 and cationic proteins in cardiac hypertrophy and tested a therapeutic possibility of ECPs in this human CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenqian Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jianfang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Conglin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anastasiia Sadybekov
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +1 617 525 4358, E-mail: (G.-P.S.); Tel: +86 10 6915 6477, E-mail: (J.W.); Tel: +86 1868983 5101, E-mail: (J.G.)
| | - Junli Guo
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +1 617 525 4358, E-mail: (G.-P.S.); Tel: +86 10 6915 6477, E-mail: (J.W.); Tel: +86 1868983 5101, E-mail: (J.G.)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +1 617 525 4358, E-mail: (G.-P.S.); Tel: +86 10 6915 6477, E-mail: (J.W.); Tel: +86 1868983 5101, E-mail: (J.G.)
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11
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Canty JM. Myocardial Injury, Troponin Release and Cardiomyocyte Death in Brief Ischemia, Failure and Ventricular Remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1-H15. [PMID: 35559722 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00093.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Troponin released from irreversibly injured myocytes is the gold standard biomarker for the rapid identification of an acute coronary syndrome. In acute myocardial infarction, necrotic cell death is characterized by sarcolemmal disruption in response to a critical level of energy depletion after more than 15-minutes of ischemia. While troponin I and T are highly specific for cardiomyocyte death, high-sensitivity assays have demonstrated that measurable circulating levels of troponin are present in the majority of normal subjects. In addition, transient as well as chronic elevations have been demonstrated in many disease states not clearly associated with myocardial ischemia. The latter observations have given rise to the clinical concept of myocardial injury. This review will summarize evidence supporting the notion that circulating troponin levels parallel the extent of myocyte apoptosis in normal ventricular remodeling and in pathophysiological conditions not associated with infarction or necrosis. It will review the evidence that myocyte apoptosis can be accelerated by both diastolic strain from elevated ventricular preload as well as systolic strain from dyskinesis after brief episodes of ischemia too short to cause a critical level of myocyte energy depletion. We then show how chronic, low rates of myocyte apoptosis from endogenous myocyte turnover, repetitive ischemia or repetitive elevations in LV diastolic pressure can lead to significant myocyte loss in the absence of neurohormonal stimulation. Finally, we posit that the differential response to strain-induced injury in heart failure may determine whether progressive myocyte loss and HFrEF or interstitial fibrosis and HFpEF become the heart failure phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Canty
- VA WNY Health Care System, the Departments of Medicine, Physiology & Biophysics, Biomedical Engineering and The Clinical and Translational Research Center of the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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12
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Role of CCR2-Positive Macrophages in Pathological Ventricular Remodelling. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030661. [PMID: 35327464 PMCID: PMC8945438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with recent advances in care, heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, which urgently needs new treatments. One of the major antecedents of heart failure is pathological ventricular remodelling, the abnormal change in the size, shape, function or composition of the cardiac ventricles in response to load or injury. Accumulating immune cell subpopulations contribute to the change in cardiac cellular composition that occurs during ventricular remodelling, and these immune cells can facilitate heart failure development. Among cardiac immune cell subpopulations, macrophages that are recognized by their transcriptional or cell-surface expression of the chemokine receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), have emerged as playing an especially important role in adverse remodelling. Here, we assimilate the literature that has been generated over the past two decades describing the pathological roles that CCR2+ macrophages play in ventricular remodelling. The goal is to facilitate research and innovation efforts in heart failure therapeutics by drawing attention to the importance of studying the manner by which CCR2+ macrophages mediate their deleterious effects.
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13
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Abstract
Almost 200 years ago, the first evidence described by Robert Bright (1836) showed the strong interaction between the kidneys and heart and, since then, the scientific community has dedicated itself to better understanding the mechanisms involved in the kidney-heart relationship, known in recent decades as cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). This syndrome includes a wide clinical variety that affects the kidneys and heart, in an acute or chronic manner. Moreover, it is well established in the literature that the immune system, the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, and the oxidative stress actively play a strong role in the cellular and molecular processes present in CRS. More recently, uremic molecules and epigenetic factors have been also shown to be key mediators in the development of syndrome. The present review intends to present the state of the art regarding CRS and to show the paths known, until now, in the long road between the kidneys and heart.
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14
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Theall B, Alcaide P. The heart under pressure: immune cells in fibrotic remodeling. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 25:100484. [PMID: 35224321 PMCID: PMC8881013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The complex syndrome of heart failure (HF) is characterized by increased left ventricular pressures. Cardiomyocytes increase in size, cardiac fibroblasts transform and make extracellular matrix, and leukocytes infiltrate the cardiac tissue and alter cardiomyocyte and cardiac fibroblast function. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the cellular composition of the heart during homeostasis and in response to cardiac pressure overload, with an emphasis on immune cell communication with cardiac fibroblasts and its consequences in cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Theall
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ameen Ismahil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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16
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Nemska S, Gassmann M, Bang ML, Frossard N, Tavakoli R. Antagonizing the CX3CR1 Receptor Markedly Reduces Development of Cardiac Hypertrophy After Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:792-801. [PMID: 34882111 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Left-ventricular hypertrophy, characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial cell proliferation, and immune cell infiltration, is a high risk factor for heart failure and death. Chemokines interacting with G protein-coupled chemokine receptors probably play a role in left-ventricular hypertrophy development by promoting recruitment of activated leukocytes and modulating left-ventricular remodeling. Using the minimally invasive model of transverse aortic constriction in mice, we demonstrated that a variety of chemokine and chemokine receptor messenger Ribonucleic Acid are overexpressed in the early and late phase of hypertrophy progression. Among the chemokine receptors, Cx3cr1 and Ccr2 were most strongly overexpressed and were significantly upregulated at 3, 7, and 14 days after transverse aortic constriction. Ligands of CX3CR1 (Cx3cl1) and CCR2 (Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl12) were significantly overexpressed in the left ventricle at the early stages after mechanical pressure overload. Pharmacological inhibition of CX3CR1 signaling using the antagonist AZD8797 led to a significant reduction of hypertrophy, whereas inhibition of CCR2 with the RS504393 antagonist did not show any effect. Furthermore, AZD8797 treatment reduced the expression of the hypertrophic marker genes Nppa and Nppb as well as the profibrotic genes Tgfb1 and Col1a1 at 14 days after transverse aortic constriction. These findings strongly suggest the involvement of the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 pathway in the pathogenesis of left-ventricular hypertrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aorta/surgery
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Chemokine CX3CL1/genetics
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain/genetics
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain/metabolism
- Constriction
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/genetics
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nemska
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique UMR 7200, LabEx Medalis, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Louise Bang
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Nelly Frossard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique UMR 7200, LabEx Medalis, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Reza Tavakoli
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Zelko IN, Dassanayaka S, Malovichko MV, Howard CM, Garrett LF, Uchida S, Brittian KR, Conklin DJ, Jones SP, Srivastava S. Chronic Benzene Exposure Aggravates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 2021; 185:64-76. [PMID: 34718823 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant abundant in household products, petrochemicals and cigarette smoke. Benzene is a well-known carcinogen in humans and experimental animals; however, little is known about the cardiovascular toxicity of benzene. Recent population-based studies indicate that benzene exposure is associated with an increased risk for heart failure. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether benzene exposure is sufficient to induce and/or exacerbate heart failure. We examined the effects of benzene (50 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks) or HEPA-filtered air exposure on transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload in male C57BL/6J mice. Our data show that benzene exposure had no effect on cardiac function in the Sham group; however, it significantly compromised cardiac function as depicted by a significant decrease in fractional shortening and ejection fraction, as compared with TAC/Air-exposed mice. RNA-seq analysis of the cardiac tissue from the TAC/benzene-exposed mice showed a significant increase in several genes associated with adhesion molecules, cell-cell adhesion, inflammation, and stress response. In particular, neutrophils were implicated in our unbiased analyses. Indeed, immunofluorescence studies showed that TAC/benzene exposure promotes infiltration of CD11b+/S100A8+/myeloperoxidase+-positive neutrophils in the hearts by 3-fold. In vitro, the benzene metabolites, hydroquinone and catechol, induced the expression of P-selectin in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells by 5-fold and increased the adhesion of neutrophils to these endothelial cells by 1.5-2.0-fold. Benzene metabolite-induced adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelial cells was attenuated by anti-P-selectin antibody. Together, these data suggest that benzene exacerbates heart failure by promoting endothelial activation and neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Zelko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sujith Dassanayaka
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Marina V Malovichko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Caitlin M Howard
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Lauren F Garrett
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Kenneth R Brittian
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Steven P Jones
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
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18
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Lu Y, Xia N, Cheng X. Regulatory T Cells in Chronic Heart Failure. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732794. [PMID: 34630414 PMCID: PMC8493934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a global problem with high hospitalization and mortality rates. Inflammation and immune dysfunction are involved in this disease. Owing to their unique function, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have reacquired attention recently. They participate in immunoregulation and tissue repair in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Tregs are beneficial in heart by suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and promoting stable scar formation in the early stage of heart injury. However, in chronic heart failure, the phenotypes and functions of Tregs changed. They transformed into an antiangiogenic and profibrotic cell type. In this review, we summarized the functions of Tregs in the development of chronic heart failure first. Then, we focused on the interactions between Tregs and their target cells. The target cells of Tregs include immune cells (such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells) and parenchymal cells (such as cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells). Next-generation sequencing and gene editing technology make immunotherapy of heart failure possible. So, prospective therapeutic approaches based on Tregs in chronic heart failure had also been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Mertens C, Marques O, Horvat NK, Simonetti M, Muckenthaler MU, Jung M. The Macrophage Iron Signature in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168457. [PMID: 34445160 PMCID: PMC8395084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, macrophages are located in every tissue of the body, where their main roles are to phagocytose cellular debris and recycle aging red blood cells. In the tissue niche, they promote homeostasis through trophic, regulatory, and repair functions by responding to internal and external stimuli. This in turn polarizes macrophages into a broad spectrum of functional activation states, also reflected in their iron-regulated gene profile. The fast adaptation to the environment in which they are located helps to maintain tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mertens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (O.M.); (N.K.H.); (M.U.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.J.); Tel.: +(49)-622-156-4582 (C.M.); +(49)-696-301-6931 (M.J.)
| | - Oriana Marques
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (O.M.); (N.K.H.); (M.U.M.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie K. Horvat
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (O.M.); (N.K.H.); (M.U.M.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and the Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuela Simonetti
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, INF 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Martina U. Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (O.M.); (N.K.H.); (M.U.M.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.J.); Tel.: +(49)-622-156-4582 (C.M.); +(49)-696-301-6931 (M.J.)
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20
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Liu X, Shi GP, Guo J. Innate Immune Cells in Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659666. [PMID: 34368120 PMCID: PMC8343105 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload and heart failure are among the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory cell activation and release of inflammatory mediators are of vital importance during the pathogenesis of these cardiac diseases. Yet, the roles of innate immune cells and subsequent inflammatory events in these processes remain poorly understood. Here, we outline the possible underlying mechanisms of innate immune cell participation, including mast cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and natural killer T cells in these pathological processes. Although these cells accumulate in the atrium or ventricles at different time points after pressure overload, their cardioprotective or cardiodestructive activities differ from each other. Among them, mast cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells exert detrimental function in experimental models, whereas eosinophils and natural killer T cells display cardioprotective activities. Depending on their subsets, macrophages and monocytes may exacerbate cardiodysfunction or negatively regulate cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Pressure overload stimulates the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors from innate immune cells and even resident cardiomyocytes that together assist innate immune cell infiltration into injured heart. These infiltrates are involved in pro-hypertrophic events and cardiac fibroblast activation. Immune regulation of cardiac innate immune cells becomes a promising therapeutic approach in experimental cardiac disease treatment, highlighting the significance of their clinical evaluation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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21
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Chen QQ, Ma G, Liu JF, Cai YY, Zhang JY, Wei TT, Pan A, Jiang S, Xiao Y, Xiao P, Song J, Li P, Zhang L, Qi LW. Neuraminidase 1 is a driver of experimental cardiac hypertrophy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:3770-3782. [PMID: 34179969 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite considerable therapeutic advances, there is still a dearth of evidence on the molecular determinants of cardiac hypertrophy that culminate in heart failure. Neuraminidases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of terminal sialic acids from glycoproteins or glycolipids. This study sought to characterize the role of neuraminidases in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and identify pharmacological inhibitors targeting mammalian neuraminidases. METHODS AND RESULTS Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) was highly expressed in hypertrophic hearts of mice and rats, and this elevation was confirmed in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 7) compared with healthy controls (n = 7). The increased NEU1 was mainly localized in cardiomyocytes by co-localization with cardiac troponin T. Cardiomyocyte-specific NEU1 deficiency alleviated hypertrophic phenotypes in response to transverse aortic constriction or isoproterenol hydrochloride infusion, while NEU1 overexpression exacerbated the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase assays demonstrated that NEU1 translocated into the nucleus and interacted with GATA4, leading to Foetal gene (Nppa and Nppb) expression. Virtual screening and experimental validation identified a novel compound C-09 from millions of compounds that showed favourable binding affinity to human NEU1 (KD = 0.38 μM) and effectively prevented the development of cardiac remodelling in cellular and animal models. Interestingly, anti-influenza drugs zanamivir and oseltamivir effectively inhibited mammalian NEU1 and showed new indications of cardio-protection. CONCLUSIONS This work identifies NEU1 as a critical driver of cardiac hypertrophy and inhibition of NEU1 opens up an entirely new field of treatment for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jin-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cai
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - An Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 109 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
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22
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Glasenapp A, Derlin K, Gutberlet M, Hess A, Ross TL, Wester HJ, Bengel FM, Thackeray JT. Molecular Imaging of Inflammation and Fibrosis in Pressure Overload Heart Failure. Circ Res 2021; 129:369-382. [PMID: 34074134 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylina Glasenapp
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G., A.H., T.L.R., F.M.B., J.T.T.)
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (A.G., K.D., M.G.)
| | - Katja Derlin
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (A.G., K.D., M.G.)
| | - Marcel Gutberlet
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (A.G., K.D., M.G.)
| | - Annika Hess
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G., A.H., T.L.R., F.M.B., J.T.T.)
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G., A.H., T.L.R., F.M.B., J.T.T.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Technical University of Munich, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Germany (H.-J.W.)
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G., A.H., T.L.R., F.M.B., J.T.T.)
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23
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Ninh VK, Brown JH. The contribution of the cardiomyocyte to tissue inflammation in cardiomyopathies. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 19:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Yin H, Favreau-Lessard AJ, deKay JT, Herrmann YR, Robich MP, Koza RA, Prudovsky I, Sawyer DB, Ryzhov S. Protective role of ErbB3 signaling in myeloid cells during adaptation to cardiac pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 152:1-16. [PMID: 33259856 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid cells play an important role in a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders, including both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1)/ErbB signaling has recently emerged as an important factor contributing to the control of inflammatory activation of myeloid cells after an ischemic injury. However, the role of ErbB signaling in myeloid cells in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. This study investigated the role of ErbB3 receptors in the regulation of early adaptive response using a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS TAC surgery was performed in groups of age- and sex-matched myeloid cell-specific ErbB3-deficient mice (ErbB3MyeKO) and control animals (ErbB3MyeWT). The number of cardiac CD45 immune cells, CD11b myeloid cells, Ly6G neutrophils, and Ly6C monocytes was determined using flow cytometric analysis. Five days after TAC, survival was dramatically reduced in male but not female ErbB3MyeKO mice or control animals. The examination of lung weight to body weight ratio suggested that acute pulmonary edema was present in ErbB3MyeKO male mice after TAC. To determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the increased mortality in ErbB3MyeKO male mice, cardiac cell populations were examined at day 3 post-TAC using flow cytometry. Myeloid cells accumulated in control but not in ErbB3MyeKO male mouse hearts. This was accompanied by increased proliferation of Sca-1 positive non-immune cells (endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in control but not ErbB3MyeKO male mice. No significant differences in intramyocardial accumulation of myeloid cells or proliferation of Sca-1 cells were found between the groups of ErbB3MyeKO and ErbB3MyeWT female mice. An antibody-based protein array analysis revealed that IGF-1 expression was significantly downregulated only in ErbB3MyeKO mice hearts compared to control animals after TAC. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate the crucial role of myeloid cell-specific ErbB3 signaling in the cardiac accumulation of myeloid cells, which contributes to the activation of cardiac endothelial cells and fibroblasts and development of an early adaptive response to cardiac pressure overload in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yin
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States of America
| | | | - Joanne T deKay
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States of America
| | - Yodit R Herrmann
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States of America
| | - Michael P Robich
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States of America; Maine Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, ME, United States of America
| | - Robert A Koza
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States of America
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States of America
| | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States of America; Maine Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, ME, United States of America
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States of America.
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25
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Ding X, Wang S, Wang Y, Yang J, Bao N, Liu J, Zhang Z. Neonatal Heart Responds to Pressure Overload With Differential Alterations in Various Cardiomyocyte Maturation Programs That Accommodate Simultaneous Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:596960. [PMID: 33330485 PMCID: PMC7710899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.596960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload is one of the pathophysiological conditions commonly associated with right-sided congenital heart disease (CHD). Patients suffer from this condition right after birth. However, little is known about how neonatal heart reacts to it. We have previously established a pulmonary artery banding (PAB) model in neonatal rat. Here we show that PAB accelerated transition of mononuclear cardiomyocytes into multinucleated cells to promote hypertrophic growth in neonatal heart. The elevated afterload significantly increased the mitotic activities of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Consistent with the proliferative potential, the elevated pressure overload also increased cytokinetic marker counts of cardiomyocytes. Using cardiomyocyte-specific lineage tracing, we noticed a clonal expansion of rare unlabeled cardiomyocytes in the PAB group, revealing a subgroup of cardiomyocytes with a strong capability of proliferation. In addition, PAB hearts at post-banding day 7 didn’t have the accumulation of macrophages, which is an immune response essential for neonatal heart regeneration in injury models. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that neonatal PAB induced an expression profile featuring both cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, such as highly activated translation, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis programs etc., and immature cardiomyocyte, such as enhanced cell cycle activities and glycolytic metabolism, down-regulated cytoskeleton and ion channel gene expression, and maintenance of fetal-specific sarcomeric isoforms etc. It indicates that pressure overload has differential impacts on various cardiomyocyte maturation (CM) programs that may contribute to the concurrent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The bivalent status of transcriptional profile highlights the plasticity of neonatal cardiomyocytes that can be exploited to adapt the postnatal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Ding
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Bao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfen Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Yang D, Liu HQ, Liu FY, Tang N, Guo Z, Ma SQ, An P, Wang MY, Wu HM, Yang Z, Fan D, Tang QZ. Critical roles of macrophages in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 99:33-46. [PMID: 33130927 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are integral components of the mammalian heart that show extensive expansion in response to various internal or external stimuli. After the onset of sustained pressure overload (PO), the accumulation of cardiac macrophages through local macrophage proliferation and monocyte migration has profound effects on the transition to cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. In this review, we describe the heterogeneity and diversity of cardiac macrophages and summarize the current understanding of the important roles of macrophages in PO-induced cardiac remodeling. In addition, the possible mechanisms involved in macrophage modulation are also described. Finally, considering the significant effects of cardiac macrophages, we highlight their emerging role as therapeutic targets for alleviating pathological cardiac remodeling after PO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Abstract
The observation that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with elevated circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines opened a new area of research that has revealed a potentially important role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, until the publication in 2019 of the CANTOS trial findings on heart failure outcomes, all attempts to target inflammation in the heart failure setting in phase III clinical trials resulted in neutral effects or worsening of clinical outcomes. This lack of positive results in turn prompted questions on whether inflammation is a cause or consequence of heart failure. This Review summarizes the latest developments in our understanding of the role of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and highlights the results of phase III clinical trials of therapies targeting inflammatory processes in the heart failure setting, such as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory strategies. The most recent of these studies, the CANTOS trial, raises the exciting possibility that, in the foreseeable future, we might be able to identify those patients with heart failure who have a cardio-inflammatory phenotype and will thus benefit from therapies targeting inflammation.
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28
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Liu C, Lim ST, Teo MHY, Tan MSY, Kulkarni MD, Qiu B, Li A, Lal S, Dos Remedios CG, Tan NS, Wahli W, Ferenczi MA, Song W, Hong W, Wang X. Collaborative Regulation of LRG1 by TGF-β1 and PPAR-β/δ Modulates Chronic Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e005962. [PMID: 31830829 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.005962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its established significance in fibrotic cardiac remodeling, clinical benefits of global inhibition of TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 signaling remain controversial. LRG1 (leucine-rich-α2 glycoprotein 1) is known to regulate endothelial TGFβ signaling. This study evaluated the role of LRG1 in cardiac fibrosis and its transcriptional regulatory network in cardiac fibroblasts. METHODS Pressure overload-induced heart failure was established by transverse aortic constriction. Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression level and pattern of interested targets or pathology during fibrotic cardiac remodeling. Cardiac function was assessed by pressure-volume loop analysis. RESULTS LRG1 expression was significantly suppressed in left ventricle of mice with transverse aortic constriction-induced fibrotic cardiac remodeling (mean difference, -0.00085 [95% CI, -0.0013 to -0.00043]; P=0.005) and of patients with end-stage ischemic-dilated cardiomyopathy (mean difference, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.012-0.25]; P=0.032). More profound cardiac fibrosis (mean difference, -0.014% [95% CI, -0.029% to -0.00012%]; P=0.048 for interstitial fibrosis; mean difference, -1.3 [95% CI, -2.5 to -0.2]; P=0.016 for perivascular fibrosis), worse cardiac dysfunction (mean difference, -2.5 ms [95% CI, -4.5 to -0.4 ms]; P=0.016 for Tau-g; mean difference, 13% [95% CI, 2%-24%]; P=0.016 for ejection fraction), and hyperactive TGFβ signaling in transverse aortic constriction-operated Lrg1-deficient mice (mean difference, -0.27 [95% CI, -0.47 to -0.07]; P<0.001), which could be reversed by cardiac-specific Lrg1 delivery mediated by adeno-associated virus 9. Mechanistically, LRG1 inhibits cardiac fibroblast activation by competing with TGFβ1 for receptor binding, while PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-β/δ and TGFβ1 collaboratively regulate LRG1 expression via SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor). We further demonstrated functional interactions between LRG1 and PPARβ/δ in cardiac fibroblast activation. CONCLUSIONS Our results established a highly complex molecular network involving LRG1, TGFβ1, PPARβ/δ, and SMRT in regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis. Targeting LRG1 or PPARβ/δ represents a promising strategy to control pathological cardiac remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Liu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Seok Ting Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Melissa Hui Yen Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Michelle Si Ying Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Madhura Dattatraya Kulkarni
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Beiying Qiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (B.Q., N.S.T., W.H., X.W.)
| | - Amy Li
- Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (A.L., S.L., C.G.d.R.)
| | - Sean Lal
- Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (A.L., S.L., C.G.d.R.)
| | - Cristobal G Dos Remedios
- Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (A.L., S.L., C.G.d.R.)
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences (N.S.T.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (B.Q., N.S.T., W.H., X.W.).,KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children Hospital, Singapore (N.S.T.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore.,INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse, France (W.W.).,Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Genopode, Switzerland (W.W.)
| | - Michael Alan Ferenczi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Weihua Song
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore (W.S.)
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (B.Q., N.S.T., W.H., X.W.)
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.L., S.T.L., M.H.Y.T., M.S.Y.T., M.D.K., N.S.T., W.W., M.A.F., W.S., X.W.), Nanyang Technological University Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (B.Q., N.S.T., W.H., X.W.).,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.W.).,Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore (X.W.)
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29
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Liao CW, Chou CH, Wu XM, Chen ZW, Chen YH, Chang YY, Wu VC, Rose-John S, Hung CS, Lin YH. Interleukin-6 plays a critical role in aldosterone-induced macrophage recruitment and infiltration in the myocardium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165627. [PMID: 31785407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in aldosterone-induced myocardial fibrosis, in which the first key steps are macrophage recruitment and infiltration. We hypothesized that IL-6 may be a key mediator of aldosterone-induced macrophage recruitment and infiltration. To test this hypothesis, we designed cell studies with a human monocytic cell line THP-1 that with monocyte/macrophage functions to explore the signaling pathway of aldosterone-induced macrophage infiltration, and further investigated the phenomenon and consequent pathway in aldosterone-infused mice studies. The results showed that aldosterone induced the expression of IL-6 via mineralocorticoid receptors, and enhanced THP-1 cell migration and infiltration. Further experiments using a protease array and siRNA revealed that expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-9 were associated with aldosterone-induced macrophage infiltration. In addition, aldosterone-induced MMP-1 and MMP-9 expressions were mediated via cyclooxygenase-II and prostaglandin E2/EP-2 and EP-4 receptors. In aldosterone-infused mice, mRNA expressions of MMP-1, MMP-9 and COX-2 in peripheral blood monocytic cells were significantly increased. Moreover, the number of mouse macrophage-restricted F4/80 protein-positive cells in the myocardium was significantly higher in the aldosterone-infused mice compared with control mice. The increase in F4/80-positive cells in the myocardium was suppressed in the aldosterone-infused mice with the aldosterone antagonist eplerenone or anti-IL-6 antibody treatment. In conclusion, interleukin-6 played an important role in aldosterone-induced macrophage recruitment and infiltration in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xue-Ming Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yao Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel, Germany
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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30
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Suetomi T, Miyamoto S, Brown JH. Inflammation in nonischemic heart disease: initiation by cardiomyocyte CaMKII and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H877-H890. [PMID: 31441689 PMCID: PMC6879920 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00223.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that chronic heart failure in humans and in animal models is associated with inflammation. Ischemic interventions such as myocardial infarction lead to necrotic cell death and release of damage associated molecular patterns, factors that signal cell damage and induce expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. It has recently become evident that nonischemic interventions are also associated with increases in inflammatory genes and immune cell accumulation in the heart and that these contribute to fibrosis and ventricular dysfunction. How proinflammatory responses are elicited in nonischemic heart disease which is not, at least initially, associated with cell death is a critical unanswered question. In this review we provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that cardiomyocytes are an initiating site of inflammatory gene expression in response to nonischemic stress. Furthermore we discuss the role of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated kinase, CaMKIIδ, as a transducer of stress signals to nuclear factor-κB activation, expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and priming and activation of the NOD-like pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cardiomyocytes. We summarize recent evidence that subsequent macrophage recruitment, fibrosis and contractile dysfunction induced by angiotensin II infusion or transverse aortic constriction are ameliorated by blockade of CaMKII, of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/C-C chemokine receptor type 2 signaling, or of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suetomi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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31
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Rhee AJ, Lavine KJ. New Approaches to Target Inflammation in Heart Failure: Harnessing Insights from Studies of Immune Cell Diversity. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:1-20. [PMID: 31658002 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite mounting evidence implicating inflammation in cardiovascular diseases, attempts at clinical translation have shown mixed results. Recent preclinical studies have reenergized this field and provided new insights into how to favorably modulate cardiac macrophage function in the context of acute myocardial injury and chronic disease. In this review, we discuss the origins and roles of cardiac macrophage populations in the steady-state and diseased heart, focusing on the human heart and mouse models of ischemia, hypertensive heart disease, and aortic stenosis. Specific attention is given to delineating the roles of tissue-resident and recruited monocyte-derived macrophage subsets. We also highlight emerging concepts of monocyte plasticity and heterogeneity among monocyte-derived macrophages, describe possible mechanisms by which infiltrating monocytes acquire unique macrophage fates, and discuss the putative impact of these populations on cardiac remodeling. Finally, we discuss strategies to target inflammatory macrophage populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA; .,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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32
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Glasenapp A, Derlin K, Wang Y, Bankstahl M, Meier M, Wollert KC, Bengel FM, Thackeray JT. Multimodality Imaging of Inflammation and Ventricular Remodeling in Pressure-Overload Heart Failure. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:590-596. [PMID: 31653713 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.232488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia, but its role in nonischemic heart failure is poorly understood. Local tissue inflammation is difficult to assess serially during pathogenesis. Although 18F-FDG accumulates in inflammatory leukocytes and thus may identify inflammation in the myocardial microenvironment, it remains unclear whether this imaging technique can isolate diffuse leukocytes in pressure-overload heart failure. We aimed to evaluate whether inflammation with 18F-FDG can be serially imaged in the early stages of pressure-overload-induced heart failure and to compare the time course with functional impairment assessed by cardiac MRI. Methods: C57Bl6/N mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (n = 22), sham surgery (n = 12), or coronary ligation as an inflammation-positive control (n = 5). MRI assessed ventricular geometry and contractile function at 2 and 8 d after TAC. Immunostaining identified the extent of inflammatory leukocyte infiltration early in pressure overload. 18F-FDG PET scans were acquired at 3 and 7 d after TAC, under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia to suppress cardiomyocyte glucose uptake. Results: Pressure overload evoked rapid left ventricular dilation compared with sham (end-systolic volume, day 2: 40.6 ± 10.2 μL vs. 23.8 ± 1.7 μL, P < 0.001). Contractile function was similarly impaired (ejection fraction, day 2: 40.9% ± 9.7% vs. 59.2% ± 4.4%, P < 0.001). The severity of contractile impairment was proportional to histology-defined myocardial macrophage density on day 8 (r = -0.669, P = 0.010). PET imaging identified significantly higher left ventricular 18F-FDG accumulation in TAC mice than in sham mice on day 3 (10.5 ± 4.1 percentage injected dose [%ID]/g vs. 3.8 ± 0.9 %ID/g, P < 0.001) and on day 7 (7.8 ± 3.7 %ID/g vs. 3.0 ± 0.8 %ID/g, P = 0.006), though the efficiency of cardiomyocyte suppression was variable among TAC mice. The 18F-FDG signal correlated with ejection fraction (r = -0.75, P = 0.01) and ventricular volume (r = 0.75, P < 0.01). Western immunoblotting demonstrated a 60% elevation of myocardial glucose transporter 4 expression in the left ventricle at 8 d after TAC, indicating altered glucose metabolism. Conclusion: TAC induces rapid changes in left ventricular geometry and contractile function, with a parallel modest infiltration of inflammatory macrophages. Metabolic remodeling overshadows inflammatory leukocyte signal using 18F-FDG PET imaging. More selective inflammatory tracers are requisite to identify the diffuse local inflammation in pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylina Glasenapp
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Derlin
- Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Marion Bankstahl
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility and Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Meier
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility and Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai C Wollert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James T Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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33
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Bansal SS, Ismahil MA, Goel M, Zhou G, Rokosh G, Hamid T, Prabhu SD. Dysfunctional and Proinflammatory Regulatory T-Lymphocytes Are Essential for Adverse Cardiac Remodeling in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2019; 139:206-221. [PMID: 30586716 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a state of inappropriately sustained inflammation, suggesting the loss of normal immunosuppressive mechanisms. Regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs) are considered key suppressors of immune responses; however, their role in HF is unknown. We hypothesized that Tregs are dysfunctional in ischemic cardiomyopathy and HF, and they promote immune activation and left ventricular (LV) remodeling. METHODS Adult male wild-type C57BL/6 mice, Foxp3-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α receptor-1 (TNFR1)-/- mice underwent nonreperfused myocardial infarction to induce HF or sham operation. LV remodeling was assessed by echocardiography as well as histological and molecular phenotyping. Alterations in Treg profile and function were examined by flow cytometry, immunostaining, and in vitro cell assays. RESULTS Compared with wild-type sham mice, CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in wild-type HF mice robustly expanded in the heart, circulation, spleen, and lymph nodes in a phasic manner after myocardial infarction, beyond the early phase of wound healing, and exhibited proinflammatory T helper 1-type features with interferon-γ, TNFα, and TNFR1 expression, loss of immunomodulatory capacity, heightened proliferation, and potentiated antiangiogenic and profibrotic properties. Selective Treg ablation in Foxp3-diphtheria toxin receptor mice with ischemic cardiomyopathy reversed LV remodeling and dysfunction, alleviating hypertrophy and fibrosis, while suppressing circulating CD4+ T cells and systemic inflammation and enhancing tissue neovascularization. Tregs reconstituted after ablation exhibited restoration of immunosuppressive capacity and normalized TNFR1 expression. Treg dysfunction was also tightly coupled to Treg-endothelial cell contact- and TNFR1-dependent inhibition of angiogenesis and the mobilization and tissue infiltration of CD34+Flk1+ circulating angiogenic cells in a C-C chemokine ligand 5/C-C chemokine receptor 5-dependent manner. Anti-CD25-mediated Treg depletion in wild-type mice imparted similar benefits on LV remodeling, circulating angiogenic cells, and tissue neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory and antiangiogenic Tregs play an essential pathogenetic role in chronic ischemic HF to promote immune activation and pathological LV remodeling. The restoration of normal Treg function may be a viable approach to therapeutic immunomodulation in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam S Bansal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.S.B., M.A.I., M.G., G.Z., G.R., T.H., S.D.P.).,The current affiliation for S.S.B. is Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Dorothy M Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Mohamed Ameen Ismahil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.S.B., M.A.I., M.G., G.Z., G.R., T.H., S.D.P.)
| | - Mehak Goel
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.S.B., M.A.I., M.G., G.Z., G.R., T.H., S.D.P.)
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.S.B., M.A.I., M.G., G.Z., G.R., T.H., S.D.P.)
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.S.B., M.A.I., M.G., G.Z., G.R., T.H., S.D.P.)
| | - Tariq Hamid
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.S.B., M.A.I., M.G., G.Z., G.R., T.H., S.D.P.)
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.S.B., M.A.I., M.G., G.Z., G.R., T.H., S.D.P.).,Medical Service, Birmingham VAMC, AL (S.D.P.)
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34
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Suetomi T, Willeford A, Brand CS, Cho Y, Ross RS, Miyamoto S, Brown JH. Inflammation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Initiated in Response to Pressure Overload by Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II δ Signaling in Cardiomyocytes Are Essential for Adverse Cardiac Remodeling. Circulation 2019; 138:2530-2544. [PMID: 30571348 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with cardiac remodeling and heart failure, but how it is initiated in response to nonischemic interventions in the absence of cell death is not known. We tested the hypothesis that activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKIIδ) in cardiomyocytes (CMs) in response to pressure overload elicits inflammatory responses leading to adverse remodeling. METHODS Mice in which CaMKIIδ was selectively deleted from CMs (cardiac-specific knockout [CKO]) and floxed control mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The effects of CM-specific CaMKIIδ deletion on inflammatory gene expression, inflammasome activation, macrophage accumulation, and fibrosis were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, histochemistry, and ventricular remodeling by echocardiography. RESULTS TAC induced increases in cardiac mRNA levels for proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in ≤3 days, and these responses were significantly blunted when CM CaMKIIδ was deleted. Apoptotic and necrotic cell death were absent at this time. CMs isolated from TAC hearts mirrored these robust increases in gene expression, which were markedly attenuated in CKO. Priming and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome, assessed by measuring interleukin-1β and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 mRNA levels, caspase-1 activity, and interleukin-18 cleavage, were increased at day 3 after TAC in control hearts and in CMs isolated from these hearts. These responses were dependent on CaMKIIδ and associated with activation of Nuclear Factor-kappa B and reactive oxygen species. Accumulation of macrophages observed at days 7 to 14 after TAC was diminished in CKO and, by blocking Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 signaling, deletion of CM Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 or inhibition of inflammasome activation. Fibrosis was also attenuated by these interventions and in the CKO heart. Ventricular dilation and contractile dysfunction observed at day 42 after TAC were diminished in the CKO. Inhibition of CaMKII, Nuclear Factor-kappa B, inflammasome, or Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 signaling in the first 1 or 2 weeks after TAC decreased remodeling, but inhibition of CaMKII after 2 weeks did not. CONCLUSIONS Activation of CaMKIIδ in response to pressure overload triggers inflammatory gene expression and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome in CMs. These responses provide signals for macrophage recruitment, fibrosis, and myocardial dysfunction in the heart. Our work suggests the importance of targeting early inflammatory responses induced by CM CaMKIIδ signaling to prevent progression to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suetomi
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Andrew Willeford
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Cameron S Brand
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Yoshitake Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, San Diego, CA (R.S.R.)
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
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35
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CaMKII Activity in the Inflammatory Response of Cardiac Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184374. [PMID: 31489895 PMCID: PMC6770001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological process by which the body responds to external insults and stress conditions, and it is characterized by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. The acute inflammatory response is solved by removing the threat. Conversely, a chronic inflammatory state is established due to a prolonged inflammatory response and may lead to tissue damage. Based on the evidence of a reciprocal regulation between inflammation process and calcium unbalance, here we described the involvement of a calcium sensor in cardiac diseases with inflammatory drift. Indeed, the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is activated in several diseases with an inflammatory component, such as myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, pressure overload/hypertrophy, and arrhythmic syndromes, in which it actively regulates pro-inflammatory signaling, among which includes nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), thus contributing to pathological cardiac remodeling. Thus, CaMKII may represent a key target to modulate the severity of the inflammatory-driven degeneration.
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36
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Giannarelli C, Fernandez DM. Manipulating Macrophage Polarization to Fix the Broken Heart: Challenges and Hopes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:905-907. [PMID: 30115229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannarelli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, New York; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Dawn M Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, New York; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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37
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Malek Mohammadi M, Abouissa A, Azizah I, Xie Y, Cordero J, Shirvani A, Gigina A, Engelhardt M, Trogisch FA, Geffers R, Dobreva G, Bauersachs J, Heineke J. Induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis protects neonatal mice from pressure overload-associated maladaptation. JCI Insight 2019; 5:128336. [PMID: 31335322 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pressure overload (for example due to aortic stenosis) induces irreversible myocardial dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in patients. In contrast to adult, neonatal mice can efficiently regenerate the heart after injury in the first week after birth. To decipher whether insufficient cardiac regeneration contributes to the progression of pressure overload dependent disease, we established a transverse aortic constriction protocol in neonatal mice (nTAC). nTAC in the non-regenerative stage (at postnatal day P7) induced cardiac dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In contrast, nTAC in the regenerative stage (at P1) largely prevented these maladaptive responses and was in particular associated with enhanced myocardial angiogenesis and increased cardiomyocyte proliferation, which both supported adaptation during nTAC. A comparative transcriptomic analysis between hearts after regenerative versus non-regenerative nTAC suggested the transcription factor GATA4 as master regulator of the regenerative gene-program. Indeed, cardiomyocyte specific deletion of GATA4 converted the regenerative nTAC into a non-regenerative, maladaptive response. Our new nTAC model can be used to identify mediators of adaptation during pressure overload and to discover novel potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Malek Mohammadi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aya Abouissa
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isyatul Azizah
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yinuo Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, and
| | - Amir Shirvani
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Gigina
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Engelhardt
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Felix A Trogisch
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Department Genome Analytics, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, and
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
The ECM (extracellular matrix) network plays a crucial role in cardiac homeostasis, not only by providing structural support, but also by facilitating force transmission, and by transducing key signals to cardiomyocytes, vascular cells, and interstitial cells. Changes in the profile and biochemistry of the ECM may be critically implicated in the pathogenesis of both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The patterns of molecular and biochemical ECM alterations in failing hearts are dependent on the type of underlying injury. Pressure overload triggers early activation of a matrix-synthetic program in cardiac fibroblasts, inducing myofibroblast conversion, and stimulating synthesis of both structural and matricellular ECM proteins. Expansion of the cardiac ECM may increase myocardial stiffness promoting diastolic dysfunction. Cardiomyocytes, vascular cells and immune cells, activated through mechanosensitive pathways or neurohumoral mediators may play a critical role in fibroblast activation through secretion of cytokines and growth factors. Sustained pressure overload leads to dilative remodeling and systolic dysfunction that may be mediated by changes in the interstitial protease/antiprotease balance. On the other hand, ischemic injury causes dynamic changes in the cardiac ECM that contribute to regulation of inflammation and repair and may mediate adverse cardiac remodeling. In other pathophysiologic conditions, such as volume overload, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, the cell biological effectors mediating ECM remodeling are poorly understood and the molecular links between the primary insult and the changes in the matrix environment are unknown. This review article discusses the role of ECM macromolecules in heart failure, focusing on both structural ECM proteins (such as fibrillar and nonfibrillar collagens), and specialized injury-associated matrix macromolecules (such as fibronectin and matricellular proteins). Understanding the role of the ECM in heart failure may identify therapeutic targets to reduce geometric remodeling, to attenuate cardiomyocyte dysfunction, and even to promote myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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39
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Carrillo-Salinas FJ, Ngwenyama N, Anastasiou M, Kaur K, Alcaide P. Heart Inflammation: Immune Cell Roles and Roads to the Heart. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1482-1494. [PMID: 31108102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has been traditionally viewed as a disease of the cardiac muscle associated with systemic inflammation. Burgeoning evidence implicates immune effector mechanisms that include immune cell activation and trafficking to the heart. Immune cell infiltration in the myocardium can have adverse effects in the heart and contribute to the pathogenesis of HF. Both innate and adaptive immunity operate sequentially, and the specificity of these responses depends on the initial trigger sensed by the heart. Although the role of the immune system in the initial inflammatory response to infection and injury is well studied, what sets the trajectory to HF from different etiologies and the role of immunity once HF has been established is less understood. Herein, we review experimental and clinical knowledge of cardiac inflammation induced by different triggers that often result in HF from different etiologies. We focus on the mechanisms of immune cell activation systemically and on the pathways immune cells use to traffic to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Njabulo Ngwenyama
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Sackler School for Graduate Studies Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marina Anastasiou
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Sackler School for Graduate Studies Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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40
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Blanton RM, Carrillo-Salinas FJ, Alcaide P. T-cell recruitment to the heart: friendly guests or unwelcome visitors? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H124-H140. [PMID: 31074651 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00028.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial inflammation can lead to lethal acute or chronic heart failure (HF). T lymphocytes (T cells), have been reported in the inflamed heart in different etiologies of HF, and more recent studies support that different T-cell subsets play distinct roles in the heart depending on the inflammation-triggering event. T cells follow sequential steps to extravasate into tissues, but their specific recruitment to the heart is determined by several factors. These include differences in T-cell responsiveness to specific chemokines in the heart environment, as well as differences in the expression of adhesion molecules in response to distinct stimuli, which regulate T-cell recruitment to the heart and have consequences in cardiac remodeling and function. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the role T cells play in the heart, including its critical role for host defense to virus and myocardial healing postischemia, and its pathogenic role in chronic ischemic and nonischemic HF. We discuss a variety of mechanisms that contribute to the inflammatory damage to the heart, as well as regulatory mechanisms that limit the magnitude of T-cell-mediated inflammation. We also highlight areas in which further research is needed to understand the role T cells play in the heart and distinguish the findings reported in experimental animal models and how they may translate to clinical observations in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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41
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Ngwenyama N, Salvador AM, Velázquez F, Nevers T, Levy A, Aronovitz M, Luster AD, Huggins GS, Alcaide P. CXCR3 regulates CD4+ T cell cardiotropism in pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125527. [PMID: 30779709 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated in humans and mice with increased circulating levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10, chemokine ligands of the CXCR3 receptor, predominantly expressed on CD4+ Th1 cells. Chemokine engagement of receptors is required for T cell integrin activation and recruitment to sites of inflammation. Th1 cells drive adverse cardiac remodeling in pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction, and mice lacking the integrin ligand ICAM-1 show defective T cell recruitment to the heart. Here, we show that CXCR3+ T cells infiltrate the heart in humans and mice with pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Genetic deletion of CXCR3 disrupts CD4+ T cell heart infiltration and prevents adverse cardiac remodeling. We demonstrate that cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac myeloid cells that include resident and infiltrated macrophages are the source of CXCL9 and CXCL10, which mechanistically promote Th1 cell adhesion to ICAM-1 under shear conditions in a CXCR3-dependent manner. To our knowledge, our findings identify a previously unrecognized role for CXCR3 in Th1 cell recruitment into the heart in pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Levy
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon S Huggins
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Brenes-Castro D, Castillo EC, Vázquez-Garza E, Torre-Amione G, García-Rivas G. Temporal Frame of Immune Cell Infiltration during Heart Failure Establishment: Lessons from Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3719. [PMID: 30467294 PMCID: PMC6321195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a cardiovascular syndrome characterized by maladaptive changes with an underlying inflammatory mediated pathogenesis. Nevertheless, current therapy is aimed at the heart workload and neurohormonal axis; thus, prognosis remains poor. To continue improving treatment, we rely on murine models for a better understanding of HF pathophysiology. Among them, pressure overload HF (PO-HF) animal models are a common strategy. Development of PO-HF is characterized by monocyte infiltration, which orchestrates a cascade of events leading to sustained inflammation and maladaptive changes. Here, we divide the PO-HF model progression into four phases and describe the inflammatory, structural, and gene expression profiles. This division is relevant due to its similarities with clinical hypertensive heart disease progression to HF. Evidence shows improvement in hemodynamic and other local parameters by altering the inflammatory response in a specific immune response at a specific point of time. Thus, it is relevant to focus on the time-dependent immune response interaction in order to provide more effective therapy. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of PO-HF murine models, highlighting the inflammatory events in a time frame view. By this approach, we expect to provide researchers with a better understanding of the intertwining time-dependent events that occur in PO-HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brenes-Castro
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico.
| | - Elena C Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Vázquez-Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico.
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León 66278, Mexico.
- Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, The Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León 66278, Mexico.
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Frangogiannis NG. Cardiac fibrosis: Cell biological mechanisms, molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:70-99. [PMID: 30056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse outcome. Because the adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, death of a large number of cardiomyocytes results in reparative fibrosis, a process that is critical for preservation of the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. On the other hand, pathophysiologic stimuli, such as pressure overload, volume overload, metabolic dysfunction, and aging may cause interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the absence of infarction. Activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis; their expansion following myocardial injury is primarily driven through activation of resident interstitial cell populations. Several other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process, by producing proteases that participate in matrix metabolism, by secreting fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins, or by exerting contact-dependent actions on fibroblast phenotype. The mechanisms of induction of fibrogenic signals are dependent on the type of primary myocardial injury. Activation of neurohumoral pathways stimulates fibroblasts both directly, and through effects on immune cell populations. Cytokines and growth factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, chemokines, members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family, IL-11, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors are secreted in the cardiac interstitium and play distinct roles in activating specific aspects of the fibrotic response. Secreted fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins bind to cell surface receptors in fibroblasts, such as cytokine receptors, integrins, syndecans and CD44, and transduce intracellular signaling cascades that regulate genes involved in synthesis, processing and metabolism of the extracellular matrix. Endogenous pathways involved in negative regulation of fibrosis are critical for cardiac repair and may protect the myocardium from excessive fibrogenic responses. Due to the reparative nature of many forms of cardiac fibrosis, targeting fibrotic remodeling following myocardial injury poses major challenges. Development of effective therapies will require careful dissection of the cell biological mechanisms, study of the functional consequences of fibrotic changes on the myocardium, and identification of heart failure patient subsets with overactive fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Willeford A, Suetomi T, Nickle A, Hoffman HM, Miyamoto S, Heller Brown J. CaMKIIδ-mediated inflammatory gene expression and inflammasome activation in cardiomyocytes initiate inflammation and induce fibrosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97054. [PMID: 29925681 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation accompanies heart failure and is a mediator of cardiac fibrosis. CaMKIIδ plays an essential role in adverse remodeling and decompensation to heart failure. We postulated that inflammation is the mechanism by which CaMKIIδ contributes to adverse remodeling in response to nonischemic interventions. We demonstrate that deletion of CaMKIIδ in the cardiomyocyte (CKO) significantly attenuates activation of NF-κB, expression of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, and macrophage accumulation induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. The inflammasome was activated by Ang II, and this response was also diminished in CKO mice. These events occurred prior to any evidence of Ang II-induced cell death. In addition, CaMKII-dependent inflammatory gene expression and inflammasome priming were observed as early as the third hour of infusion, a time point at which macrophage recruitment was not evident. Inhibition of either the inflammasome or monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) signaling attenuated macrophage accumulation, and these interventions, like cardiomyocyte CaMKIIδ deletion, diminished the fibrotic response to Ang II. Thus, activation of CaMKIIδ in the cardiomyocyte represents what we believe to be a novel mechanism for initiating inflammasome activation and an inflammatory gene program that leads to macrophage recruitment and ultimately to development of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Varga I, Kyselovič J, Galfiova P, Danisovic L. The Non-cardiomyocyte Cells of the Heart. Their Possible Roles in Exercise-Induced Cardiac Regeneration and Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 999:117-136. [PMID: 29022261 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The non-cardiomyocyte cellular microenvironment of the heart includes diverse types of cells of mesenchymal origin. During development, the majority of these cells derive from the epicardium, while a subset derives from the endothelium/endocardium and neural crest derived mesenchyme. This subset includes cardiac fibroblasts and telocytes, the latter of which are a controversial type of "connecting cell" that support resident cardiac progenitors in the postnatal heart. Smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and endothelial cells are also present, in addition to adipocytes, which accumulate as epicardial adipose connective tissue. Furthermore, the heart harbors many cells of hematopoietic origin, such as mast cells, macrophages, and other immune cell populations. Most of these control immune reactions and inflammation. All of the above-mentioned non-cardiomyocyte cells of the heart contribute to this organ's well-orchestrated physiology. These cells also contribute to regeneration as a result of injury or age, in addition to tissue remodeling triggered by chronic disease or increased physical activity (exercise-induced cardiac growth). These processes in the heart, the most important vital organ in the human body, are not only fascinating from a scientific standpoint, but they are also clinically important. It is well-known that regular exercise can help prevent many cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning myocardial remodeling triggered by physical activity are still unknown. Surprisingly, exercise-induced adaptation mechanisms are often identical or very similar to tissue remodeling caused by pathological conditions, such as hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding the cardiac cellular microenvironment, focusing on the clinical applications this information to the study of heart remodeling during regular physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Varga
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jan Kyselovič
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Paulina Galfiova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Patel B, Bansal SS, Ismahil MA, Hamid T, Rokosh G, Mack M, Prabhu SD. CCR2 + Monocyte-Derived Infiltrating Macrophages Are Required for Adverse Cardiac Remodeling During Pressure Overload. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:230-244. [PMID: 30062209 PMCID: PMC6059350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypothesis: CCR2+ monocyte-derived cardiac macrophages are required for adverse LV remodeling, cardiac T-cell expansion, and the transition to HF following pressure overload. The imposition of pressure overload via TAC resulted in the early up-regulation of CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12 chemokines in the LV, increased Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes in the blood, and augmented CCR2+ infiltrating macrophages in the heart. Specific and circumscribed inhibition of CCR2+ monocytes and macrophages early during pressure overload reduced pathological hypertrophy, fibrosis, and systolic dysfunction during the late phase of pressure overload. The early expansion of CCR2+ macrophages after pressure overload was required for long-term cardiac T-cell expansion. CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages may represent key targets for immunomodulation to delay or prevent HF in pressure-overload states.
Although chronic inflammation is a central feature of heart failure (HF), the immune cell profiles differ with different underlying causes. This suggests that for immunomodulatory therapy in HF to be successful, it needs to be tailored to the specific etiology. Here, the authors demonstrate that monocyte-derived C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)+ macrophages infiltrate the heart early during pressure overload in mice, and that blocking this response either pharmacologically or with antibody-mediated CCR2+ monocyte depletion alleviates late pathological left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction, T-cell expansion, and cardiac fibrosis. Hence, suppression of CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages may be an important immunomodulatory therapeutic target to ameliorate pressure-overload HF.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide
- CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand
- CCR2, C-C chemokine receptor 2
- DC, dendritic cell
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EF, ejection fraction
- HF, heart failure
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- LN, lymph node
- LV, left ventricular
- MerTK, c-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- T cells
- TAC, transverse aortic constriction
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
- cardiac remodeling
- heart failure
- i.p., intraperitoneally
- inflammation
- macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindiya Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shyam S Bansal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohamed Ameen Ismahil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tariq Hamid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Medical Service, Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, Alabama
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McDonald LT, Zile MR, Zhang Y, Van Laer AO, Baicu CF, Stroud RE, Jones JA, LaRue AC, Bradshaw AD. Increased macrophage-derived SPARC precedes collagen deposition in myocardial fibrosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29522370 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00719.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis and the resultant increases in left ventricular stiffness represent pivotal consequences of chronic pressure overload (PO) that impact both functional capacity and the rates of morbid and mortal events. However, the time course and cellular mechanisms that underlie PO-induced fibrosis have not been completely defined. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein that has been shown to be required for insoluble collagen deposition and increased myocardial stiffness in response to PO in mice. As macrophages are associated with increases in fibrillar collagen, the hypothesis that macrophages represent a source of increased SPARC production in the PO myocardium was tested. The time course of changes in the myocardial macrophage population was compared with changes in procollagen type I mRNA, production of SPARC, fibrillar collagen accumulation, and diastolic stiffness. In PO hearts, mRNA encoding collagen type I was increased at 3 days, whereas increases in levels of total collagen protein did not occur until 1 wk and were followed by increases in insoluble collagen at 2 wk. Increases in muscle stiffness were not detected before increases in insoluble collagen content (>1 wk). Significant increases in myocardial macrophages that coincided with increased SPARC were found but did not coincide with increases in mRNA encoding collagen type I. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry identified macrophages as a cellular source of SPARC. We conclude that myocardial macrophages play an important role in the time-dependent increases in SPARC that enhance postsynthetic collagen processing, insoluble collagen content, and myocardial stiffness and contribute to the development of fibrosis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myocardial fibrosis and the resultant increases in left ventricular and myocardial stiffness represent pivotal consequences of chronic pressure overload. In this study a murine model of cardiac fibrosis induced by pressure overload was used to establish a time course of collagen expression, collagen deposition, and cardiac macrophage expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T McDonald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - An O Van Laer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Robert E Stroud
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jeffrey A Jones
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
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PRABHU SUMANTHD. THE CARDIOSPLENIC AXIS IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2018; 129:202-214. [PMID: 30166715 PMCID: PMC6116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of innate and adaptive immunity in heart failure (HF) is poorly understood. We discovered that mice with ischemic HF exhibit robust expansion of proinflammatory monocytes/macrophages, classical and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. There was profound splenic remodeling indicative of heightened antigen processing, and expanded antigen-experienced effector and memory CD4+ T cell populations. A series of subsequent studies in HF mice that incorporated splenectomy, adoptive transfer of both unselected splenocytes and splenic CD4+ T-cells, and antibody-mediated CD4+ T-cell depletion indicated that intensely activated splenic immune cells: 1) underlie the chronic inflammatory response in HF, 2) traffic and home to the failing heart, and 3) exhibit immune memory and are primed to induce tissue injury that promotes pathological cardiac remodeling. Hence, we propose that ischemic cardiomyopathy is in part an immune-mediated disease, against as-of-yet unidentified cardiac antigens, with a central role for the spleen in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- SUMANTH D. PRABHU
- Correspondence and reprint requests: Sumanth D. Prabhu, MD, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama – Birmingham,
311 Tinsley Harrison Tower, 1900 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0006205-934-3624205-975-5150
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49
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Kingery JR, Hamid T, Lewis RK, Ismahil MA, Bansal SS, Rokosh G, Townes TM, Ildstad ST, Jones SP, Prabhu SD. Leukocyte iNOS is required for inflammation and pathological remodeling in ischemic heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:19. [PMID: 28238121 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the failing heart, iNOS is expressed by both macrophages and cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that inflammatory cell-localized iNOS exacerbates left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice underwent total body irradiation and reconstitution with bone marrow from iNOS-/- mice (iNOS-/-c) or WT mice (WTc). Chimeric mice underwent coronary ligation to induce large infarction and ischemic heart failure (HF), or sham surgery. After 28 days, as compared with WTc sham mice, WTc HF mice exhibited significant (p < 0.05) mortality, LV dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammatory activation, and iNOS upregulation. These mice also exhibited a ~twofold increase in circulating Ly6Chi pro-inflammatory monocytes, and ~sevenfold higher cardiac M1 macrophages, which were primarily CCR2- cells. In contrast, as compared with WTc HF mice, iNOS-/-c HF mice exhibited significantly improved survival, LV function, hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative/nitrative stress, and inflammatory activation, without differences in overall cardiac iNOS expression. Moreover, iNOS-/-c HF mice exhibited lower circulating Ly6Chi monocytes, and augmented cardiac M2 macrophages, but with greater infiltrating monocyte-derived CCR2+ macrophages vs. WTc HF mice. Lastly, upon cell-to-cell contact with naïve cardiomyocytes, peritoneal macrophages from WT HF mice depressed contraction, and augmented cardiomyocyte oxygen free radicals and peroxynitrite. These effects were not observed upon contact with macrophages from iNOS-/- HF mice. We conclude that leukocyte iNOS is obligatory for local and systemic inflammatory activation and cardiac remodeling in ischemic HF. Activated macrophages in HF may directly induce cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction and oxidant stress upon cell-to-cell contact; this juxtacrine response requires macrophage-localized iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Kingery
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tariq Hamid
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert K Lewis
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mohamed Ameen Ismahil
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shyam S Bansal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tim M Townes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne T Ildstad
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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