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Tachibana S, Yu NK, Li R, Fernandez-Costa C, Liang A, Choi J, Jung D, Xiao C, Kralli A, Yates JR, Ross RS, Cho Y. Perm1 Protects the Heart From Pressure Overload-Induced Dysfunction by Promoting Oxidative Metabolism. Circulation 2023; 147:916-919. [PMID: 36913499 PMCID: PMC10018424 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shizuko Tachibana
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nam-Kyung Yu
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ruixia Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Carolina Fernandez-Costa
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alex Liang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Janet Choi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dayoen Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - John R. Yates
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Robert S. Ross
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Yoshitake Cho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
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Cho Y, Tachibana S, Lam K, Arita Y, Khosrowjerdi S, Zhang O, Liang A, Li R, Andreyev A, Kralli A, Murphy AN, Ross RS. Correction: Perm1 promotes cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damage in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101121. [PMID: 34464737 PMCID: PMC8408517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Forner-Phillips NA, Brown JE, Silck BM, Ross RS. Alpha oscillatory power decreases are associated with better memory for higher valued information. Cogn Neurosci 2021; 13:87-98. [PMID: 34423739 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2021.1963694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Items associated with high value are often better remembered. Value may increase attention toward item in context associations. Alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz) are thought to underlie attention and their observation may reveal the role attention plays in value-based memory. In the current study, EEG is used to record brain activity while participants (n = 30) completed a source recognition memory task where items were associated with either high or low value backgrounds to determine whether greater attentional resources are deployed when encoding high value information. Participants demonstrated better memory for objects associated with high value backgrounds. Alpha oscillatory power in occipital/temporal brain regions exhibited greater desynchronization when encoding objects associated with high value that were later successfully recalled compared to those associated with low value. In addition, beta oscillatory power in midfrontal brain regions exhibited greater desynchronization during successful recall of high value objects compared to low value objects. Together these results suggest that more attentional resources are used to encode information that is associated with high value, which increases the likelihood of later successful memory recall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Briana M Silck
- Department of Psychology, William James College, William James College, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience and Behavior Program, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
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Cho Y, Tachibana S, Lam K, Arita Y, Khosrowjerdi S, Zhang O, Liang A, Li R, Andreyev A, Murphy AN, Ross RS. Perm1 promotes cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damage in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100825. [PMID: 34029594 PMCID: PMC8214196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal contractile function of the heart depends on a constant and reliable production of ATP by cardiomyocytes. Dysregulation of cardiac energy metabolism can result in immature heart development and disrupt the ability of the adult myocardium to adapt to stress, potentially leading to heart failure. Further, restoration of abnormal mitochondrial function can have beneficial effects on cardiac dysfunction. Previously, we identified a novel protein termed Perm1 (PGC-1 and estrogen-related receptor (ERR)-induced regulator, muscle 1) that is enriched in skeletal and cardiac-muscle mitochondria and transcriptionally regulated by PGC-1 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1) and ERR. The role of Perm1 in the heart is poorly understood and is studied here. We utilized cell culture, mouse models, and human tissue, to study its expression and transcriptional control, as well as its role in transcription of other factors. Critically, we tested Perm1's role in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function and its ability to protect myocytes from stress-induced damage. Our studies show that Perm1 expression increases throughout mouse cardiogenesis, demonstrate that Perm1 interacts with PGC-1α and enhances activation of PGC-1 and ERR, increases mitochondrial DNA copy number, and augments oxidative capacity in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we found that Perm1 reduced cellular damage produced as a result of hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced stress and mitigated cell death of cardiomyocytes. Taken together, our results show that Perm1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse cardiomyocytes. Future studies can assess the potential of Perm1 to be used as a novel therapeutic to restore cardiac dysfunction induced by ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Cho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California, USA.
| | - Shizuko Tachibana
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kayla Lam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yoh Arita
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shamim Khosrowjerdi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Oliver Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alex Liang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ruixia Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aleksander Andreyev
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California, USA
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Fritch HA, Thakral PP, Slotnick SD, Ross RS. Distinct patterns of hippocampal activity associated with color and spatial source memory. Hippocampus 2021; 31:1039-1047. [PMID: 34101292 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is known to be involved in source memory across a wide variety of stimuli and source types. Thus, source memory activity in the hippocampus is thought to be domain-general such that different types of source information are similarly processed in the hippocampus. However, there is some evidence of domain-specificity for spatial and temporal source information. The current fMRI study aimed to determine whether patterns of activity in the hippocampus differed for two types of visual source information: spatial location and background color. Participants completed three runs of a spatial memory task and three runs of a color memory task. During the study phase, 32 line drawings of common objects and animals were presented to either the left or right of fixation for the spatial memory task or on either a red or green background for the color memory task. During the test phase of both tasks, 48 object word labels were presented in the center of the screen and participants classified the corresponding item as old and previously on the "left"/on a "green" background, old and previously on the "right"/on a "red" background, or "new." Two analysis methods were employed to assess whether hippocampal activity differed between the two source types: a general linear model analysis and a classification-based searchlight multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA). The searchlight MVPA revealed that activity associated with spatial memory and color memory could be classified with above-chance accuracy in a region of the right anterior hippocampus, and a follow-up analysis revealed that there was a significant effect of memory accuracy. These results indicate that different types of source memory are represented by distinct patterns of activity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Fritch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Preston P Thakral
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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Biswas R, Banerjee A, Lembo S, Zhao Z, Lakshmanan V, Lim R, Le S, Nakasaki M, Kutyavin V, Wright G, Palakodeti D, Ross RS, Jamora C, Vasioukhin V, Jie Y, Raghavan S. Mechanical instability of adherens junctions overrides intrinsic quiescence of hair follicle stem cells. Dev Cell 2021; 56:761-780.e7. [PMID: 33725480 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin, a mechanotransducer associated with both adherens junctions (AJs) and focal adhesions (FAs), plays a central role in force transmission through cell-cell and cell-substratum contacts. We generated the conditional knockout (cKO) of vinculin in murine skin that results in the loss of bulge stem cell (BuSC) quiescence and promotes continual cycling of the hair follicles. Surprisingly, we find that the AJs in vinculin cKO cells are mechanically weak and impaired in force generation despite increased junctional expression of E-cadherin and α-catenin. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that vinculin functions by keeping α-catenin in a stretched/open conformation, which in turn regulates the retention of YAP1, another potent mechanotransducer and regulator of cell proliferation, at the AJs. Altogether, our data provide mechanistic insights into the hitherto-unexplored regulatory link between the mechanical stability of cell junctions and contact-inhibition-mediated maintenance of BuSC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritusree Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India; SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Avinanda Banerjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India; Skin Research Institute of Singapore (A∗STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Sergio Lembo
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Zhihai Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Vairavan Lakshmanan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India; SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Ryan Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (A∗STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | | | | | - Graham Wright
- A∗STAR Microscopy Platform, Skin Research Institute of Singapore (A∗STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Robert S Ross
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Colin Jamora
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India
| | | | - Yan Jie
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Srikala Raghavan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India; Skin Research Institute of Singapore (A∗STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
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Ross RS. Integrating Integrins: A New Way to Increase Our COVID-19 Armamentarium? JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:9-11. [PMID: 33521397 PMCID: PMC7834098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Ross
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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Cho Y, Li R, Manso AM, Ross RS. Abstract 519: Talin is Required for Normal Adult Heart Function. Circ Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Talin (Tln) is a component of muscle costameres that links integrins to other components of the cellular cytoskeleton and plays an important role in maintaining the cellular integrity of cardiac myocytes (CM). There are two talin genes, Tln1 and Tln2, expressed in the heart. Tln1 is ubiquitously expressed, and Tln2 is dominantly expressed in CM. In our previous study, we show that the global deletion of Tln2 in mice (T2KO) caused no structural or functional changes in the heart, presumably because CM Tln1 became up-regulated. However, we found that mice lacking both CM Tln1 and Tln2 exhibit cardiac dysfunction by 4 weeks (w) of age with 100% mortality by 6 months (m), showing Tln plays an essential role in cardiac development and in maintaining cardiac function. In this study, we produced a tamoxifen (Tamo)-inducible mouse model in which Tln1 could be explicitly reduced in the adult CM (T1icKO), and then generate T1icKO:T2KO (T1/2dKO), so that the function of Tln could be assessed in the postnatal heart.
T2KO and Tln1/2dKO mice were injected with Tamo at 8w. Echocardiograms were performed to evaluate cardiac function up to 8w post-Tamo injection. While T2KO mice showed normal cardiac function, T1/2dKO exhibited a gradual decrease in function post-Tamo injection. At 8w post-Tamo injection, T1/2dKO mice showed cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and heart failure. To understand the mechanism by which deletion CM talin leads to cardiac dysfunction, left ventricular tissue protein lysates from T2KO and T1/2dKO mice at 4w post-Tamo when cardiac function (echo) and structure were preserved in dKO. The protein lysates were subjected to quantitative mass spectrometry analysis. We found there are 1,100 proteins differentially expressed in T2KO and T1/2dKO hearts. Pathway analysis was performed, and the results showed that proteins involved in vesicle transport, protein folding, and innate immunity are most up-regulated in the T1/2dKO heart. Taken together, our results show that Tln is required for maintaining proper cardiac function in the adult heart. The deletion of Tln in CM results in the up-regulation of multiple intracellular pathways, and we are currently studying the role of each pathway in the pathogenesis of heart failure induced by CM Tln deletion.
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Zhang J, Vincent KP, Peter AK, Klos M, Cheng H, Huang SM, Towne JK, Ferng D, Gu Y, Dalton ND, Chan Y, Li R, Peterson KL, Chen J, McCulloch AD, Knowlton KU, Ross RS. Cardiomyocyte Expression of ZO-1 Is Essential for Normal Atrioventricular Conduction but Does Not Alter Ventricular Function. Circ Res 2020; 127:284-297. [PMID: 32345129 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1), a plasma membrane-associated scaffolding protein regulates signal transduction, transcription, and cellular communication. Global deletion of ZO-1 in the mouse is lethal by embryonic day 11.5. The function of ZO-1 in cardiac myocytes (CM) is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the function of CM ZO-1 in the intact heart, given its binding to other CM proteins that have been shown instrumental in normal cardiac conduction and function. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated ZO-1 CM-specific knockout (KO) mice using α-Myosin Heavy Chain-nuclear Cre (ZO-1cKO) and investigated physiological and electrophysiological function by echocardiography, surface ECG and conscious telemetry, intracardiac electrograms and pacing, and optical mapping studies. ZO-1cKO mice were viable, had normal Mendelian ratios, and had a normal lifespan. Ventricular morphometry and function were not significantly different between the ZO-1cKO versus control (CTL) mice, basally in young or aged mice, or even when hearts were subjected to hemodynamic loading. Atrial mass was increased in ZO-1cKO. Electrophysiological and optical mapping studies indicated high-grade atrioventricular (A-V) block in ZO-1cKO comparing to CTL hearts. While ZO-1-associated proteins such as vinculin, connexin 43, N-cadherin, and α-catenin showed no significant change with the loss of ZO-1, Connexin-45 and Coxsackie-adenovirus (CAR) proteins were reduced in atria of ZO-1cKO. Further, with loss of ZO-1, ZO-2 protein was increased significantly in ventricular CM in a presumed compensatory manner but was still not detected in the AV nodal myocytes. Importantly, the expression of the sodium channel protein NaV1.5 was altered in AV nodal cells of the ZO-1cKO versus CTL. CONCLUSIONS ZO-1 protein has a unique physiological role in cardiac nodal tissue. This is in alignment with its known interaction with CAR and Cx45, and a new function in regulating the expression of NaV1.5 in AV node. Uniquely, ZO-1 is dispensable for function of the working myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Zhang
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kevin P Vincent
- Department of Bioengineering (K.P.V., A.D.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Angela K Peter
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Matthew Klos
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Selina M Huang
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jordan K Towne
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Debbie Ferng
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yusu Gu
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yunghang Chan
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ruixia Li
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ju Chen
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Bioengineering (K.P.V., A.D.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Robert S Ross
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Veterans Administration Healthcare, Cardiology Section, San Diego, CA (R.S.R.)
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Fritch HA, MacEvoy SP, Thakral PP, Jeye BM, Ross RS, Slotnick SD. The anterior hippocampus is associated with spatial memory encoding. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Zhang Z, Mu Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Cattaneo P, Veevers J, Peter AK, Manso AM, Knowlton KU, Zhou X, Evans SM, Ross RS, Chen J. Kindlin-2 Is Essential for Preserving Integrity of the Developing Heart and Preventing Ventricular Rupture. Circulation 2019; 139:1554-1556. [PMID: 30883226 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., Y.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Yongxin Mu
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., Y.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.)
| | - Yangzhao Zhou
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.)
| | - Paola Cattaneo
- National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Italy (P.C.).,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy (P.C.)
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.)
| | - Angela K Peter
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.).,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder (A.K.P.)
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.).,Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Kirk U Knowlton
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.).,Intermountain Heart Institute Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (K.U.K.)
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., Y.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.)
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.).,Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.Z., Y.Z., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., K.U.K., S.M.E., R.S.R., J.C.)
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12
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Wang P, Wu J, Wood A, Jones M, Pedley R, Li W, Ross RS, Ballestrem C, Gilmore AP, Streuli CH. Vinculins interaction with talin is essential for mammary epithelial differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18400. [PMID: 31804547 PMCID: PMC6895056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin is an essential component of cell adhesion complexes, where it regulates the strength and stability of adhesions. Whilst the role of vinculin in cell motility is well established, it remains unclear how vinculin contributes to other aspects of tissue function. Here we examine the role of vinculin in mammary epithelial cell phenotype. In these cells, correct adhesion to the extracellular matrix is essential for both the formation of polarised secretory acini and for the transcription of tissue-specific milk protein genes. We show that vinculin, through its interaction with talin, controls milk protein gene expression. However, vinculin is not required for the formation of polarised acini. This work reveals new roles for vinculin that are central to cellular differentiation, and for the ability of cells to interpret their extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, FBMH, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- CRUK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Jian Wu
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, FBMH, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amber Wood
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, FBMH, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, FBMH, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Pedley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, FBMH, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Weiping Li
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, FBMH, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert S Ross
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, UK
- Veterans Administration Healthcare San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, FBMH, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew P Gilmore
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, FBMH, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Charles H Streuli
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, FBMH, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Suetomi T, Willeford A, Brand CS, Cho Y, Ross RS, Miyamoto S, Brown JH. Inflammation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Initiated in Response to Pressure Overload by Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II δ Signaling in Cardiomyocytes Are Essential for Adverse Cardiac Remodeling. Circulation 2019; 138:2530-2544. [PMID: 30571348 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with cardiac remodeling and heart failure, but how it is initiated in response to nonischemic interventions in the absence of cell death is not known. We tested the hypothesis that activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKIIδ) in cardiomyocytes (CMs) in response to pressure overload elicits inflammatory responses leading to adverse remodeling. METHODS Mice in which CaMKIIδ was selectively deleted from CMs (cardiac-specific knockout [CKO]) and floxed control mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The effects of CM-specific CaMKIIδ deletion on inflammatory gene expression, inflammasome activation, macrophage accumulation, and fibrosis were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, histochemistry, and ventricular remodeling by echocardiography. RESULTS TAC induced increases in cardiac mRNA levels for proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in ≤3 days, and these responses were significantly blunted when CM CaMKIIδ was deleted. Apoptotic and necrotic cell death were absent at this time. CMs isolated from TAC hearts mirrored these robust increases in gene expression, which were markedly attenuated in CKO. Priming and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome, assessed by measuring interleukin-1β and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 mRNA levels, caspase-1 activity, and interleukin-18 cleavage, were increased at day 3 after TAC in control hearts and in CMs isolated from these hearts. These responses were dependent on CaMKIIδ and associated with activation of Nuclear Factor-kappa B and reactive oxygen species. Accumulation of macrophages observed at days 7 to 14 after TAC was diminished in CKO and, by blocking Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 signaling, deletion of CM Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 or inhibition of inflammasome activation. Fibrosis was also attenuated by these interventions and in the CKO heart. Ventricular dilation and contractile dysfunction observed at day 42 after TAC were diminished in the CKO. Inhibition of CaMKII, Nuclear Factor-kappa B, inflammasome, or Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 signaling in the first 1 or 2 weeks after TAC decreased remodeling, but inhibition of CaMKII after 2 weeks did not. CONCLUSIONS Activation of CaMKIIδ in response to pressure overload triggers inflammatory gene expression and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome in CMs. These responses provide signals for macrophage recruitment, fibrosis, and myocardial dysfunction in the heart. Our work suggests the importance of targeting early inflammatory responses induced by CM CaMKIIδ signaling to prevent progression to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suetomi
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Andrew Willeford
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Cameron S Brand
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Yoshitake Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, San Diego, CA (R.S.R.)
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (T.S., A.W., C.S.B., S.M., J.H.B.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
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14
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Cho Y, Tachibana S, Hazen BC, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, Kok B, Saez E, Ross RS, Russell AP, Kralli A. Perm1 regulates CaMKII activation and shapes skeletal muscle responses to endurance exercise training. Mol Metab 2019; 23:88-97. [PMID: 30862473 PMCID: PMC6480336 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Endurance exercise training remodels skeletal muscle, leading to increased mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity. How exercise entrains skeletal muscle signaling pathways to induce adaptive responses remains unclear. In past studies, we identified Perm1 (PGC-1 and ERR induced regulator, muscle 1) as an exercise-induced gene and showed that Perm1 overexpression elicits similar muscle adaptations as endurance exercise training. The mechanism of action and the role of Perm1 in exercise-induced responses are not known. In this study, we aimed to determine the pathway by which Perm1 acts as well as the importance of Perm1 for acute and long-term responses to exercise. Methods We performed immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify Perm1 associated proteins, and validated Perm1 interactions with the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). We also knocked down Perm1 expression in gastrocnemius muscles of mice via AAV-mediated delivery of shRNA and assessed the impact of reduced Perm1 expression on both acute molecular responses to a single treadmill exercise bout and long-term adaptive responses to four weeks of voluntary wheel running training. Finally, we asked whether Perm1 levels are modulated by diet or diseases affecting skeletal muscle function. Results We show that Perm1 associates with skeletal muscle CaMKII and promotes CaMKII activation. In response to an acute exercise bout, muscles with a knock down of Perm1 showed defects in the activation of CaMKII and p38 MAPK and blunted induction of regulators of oxidative metabolism. Following four weeks of voluntary training, Perm1 knockdown muscles had attenuated mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, we found that Perm1 expression is reduced in diet-induced obese mice and in muscular dystrophy patients and mouse models. Conclusions Our findings identify Perm1 as a muscle-specific regulator of exercise-induced signaling and Perm1 levels as tuners of the skeletal muscle response to exercise. The decreased Perm1 levels in states of obesity or muscle disease suggest that Perm1 may link pathological states to inefficient exercise responses. Perm1 interacts with CaMKII and activates the CaMKII-MEF2 pathway. Perm1 is important for CaMKII activation and PGC-1α induction by an exercise bout. In endurance training, Perm1 impacts muscle oxidative metabolism pathway responses. Skeletal muscle levels of Perm1 are reduced in obesity and muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Cho
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Shizuko Tachibana
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bethany C Hazen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - James J Moresco
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bernard Kok
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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15
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Tachibana S, Chen C, Zhang OR, Schurr SV, Hill C, Li R, Manso AM, Zhang J, Andreyev A, Murphy AN, Ross RS, Cho Y. Analyzing Oxygen Consumption Rate in Primary Cultured Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30829322 DOI: 10.3791/59052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and oxidative metabolism are critical for maintaining cardiac muscle function. Research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important contributing factor to impaired cardiac function found in heart failure. By contrast, restoring defective mitochondrial function may have beneficial effects to improve cardiac function in the failing heart. Therefore, studying the regulatory mechanisms and identifying novel regulators for mitochondrial function could provide insight which could be used to develop new therapeutic targets for treating heart disease. Here, cardiac myocyte mitochondrial respiration is analyzed using a unique cell culture system. First, a protocol has been optimized to rapidly isolate and culture high viability neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Then, a 96-well format extracellular flux analyzer is used to assess the oxygen consumption rate of these cardiomyocytes. For this protocol, we optimized seeding conditions and demonstrated that neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes oxygen consumption rate can be easily assessed in an extracellular flux analyzer. Finally, we note that our protocol can be applied to a larger culture size and other studies, such as intracellular signaling and contractile function analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuko Tachibana
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Oliver R Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Sarah V Schurr
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Cameron Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Ruixia Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Ana M Manso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | | | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego; Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego
| | - Yoshitake Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego;
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16
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Deacon DC, Happe CL, Chen C, Tedeschi N, Manso AM, Li T, Dalton ND, Peng Q, Farah EN, Gu Y, Tenerelli KP, Tran VD, Chen J, Peterson KL, Schork NJ, Adler ED, Engler AJ, Ross RS, Chi NC. Combinatorial interactions of genetic variants in human cardiomyopathy. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:147-157. [PMID: 30923642 PMCID: PMC6433174 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide; yet how genetic variation and environmental factors impact DCM heritability remains unclear. Here, we report that compound genetic interactions between DNA sequence variants contribute to the complex heritability of DCM. By using genetic data from a large family with a history of DCM, we discovered that heterozygous sequence variants in the TROPOMYOSIN 1 (TPM1) and VINCULIN (VCL) genes cose-gregate in individuals affected by DCM. In vitro studies of patient-derived and isogenic human-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardio-myocytes that were genome-edited via CRISPR to create an allelic series of TPM1 and VCL variants revealed that cardiomyocytes with both TPM1 and VCL variants display reduced contractility and sarcomeres that are less organized. Analyses of mice genetically engineered to harbour these human TPM1 and VCL variants show that stress on the heart may also influence the variable penetrance and expressivity of DCM-associated genetic variants in vivo. We conclude that compound genetic variants can interact combinatorially to induce DCM, particularly when influenced by other disease-provoking stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekker C Deacon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra L Happe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Neil Tedeschi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Healthcare San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ting Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Human Biology, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elie N Farah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yusu Gu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin P Tenerelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vivien D Tran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Department of Human Biology, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Adler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Veterans Administration Healthcare San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Neil C Chi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Schips TG, Vanhoutte D, Vo A, Correll RN, Brody MJ, Khalil H, Karch J, Tjondrokoesoemo A, Sargent MA, Maillet M, Ross RS, Molkentin JD. Thrombospondin-3 augments injury-induced cardiomyopathy by intracellular integrin inhibition and sarcolemmal instability. Nat Commun 2019; 10:76. [PMID: 30622267 PMCID: PMC6325143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins (Thbs) are a family of five secreted matricellular glycoproteins in vertebrates that broadly affect cell-matrix interaction. While Thbs4 is known to protect striated muscle from disease by enhancing sarcolemmal stability through increased integrin and dystroglycan attachment complexes, here we show that Thbs3 antithetically promotes sarcolemmal destabilization by reducing integrin function, augmenting disease-induced decompensation. Deletion of Thbs3 in mice enhances integrin membrane expression and membrane stability, protecting the heart from disease stimuli. Transgene-mediated overexpression of α7β1D integrin in the heart ameliorates the disease predisposing effects of Thbs3 by augmenting sarcolemmal stability. Mechanistically, we show that mutating Thbs3 to contain the conserved RGD integrin binding domain normally found in Thbs4 and Thbs5 now rescues the defective expression of integrins on the sarcolemma. Thus, Thbs proteins mediate the intracellular processing of integrin plasma membrane attachment complexes to regulate the dynamics of cellular remodeling and membrane stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G Schips
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Davy Vanhoutte
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Alexander Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Robert N Correll
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hadi Khalil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Andoria Tjondrokoesoemo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Marjorie Maillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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18
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Barlow SE, Medrano P, Seichepine DR, Ross RS. Investigation of the changes in oscillatory power during task switching after mild traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3498-3513. [PMID: 30383314 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can cause persistent cognitive changes. These cognitive changes may be due to changes in neural communication. Task-switching is a cognitive control operation that may be susceptible to mTBI and is associated with oscillations in theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), and beta (14-30 Hz) ranges. This study aimed to investigate oscillatory power in response to cues indicating a task-switch after mTBI. Electroencephalogram and behavioral data were collected from 21 participants with a history of two or more concussions (mTBI) and 21 age- and gender-matched controls as they performed a task-switching paradigm. Participants differentiated whether visual stimuli were red or green, or circles or squares, depending on a cue. The cue changed every few trials with the first trial after a rule change being termed a switch trial. The mTBI group showed significantly less overall accuracy during the task. Over a posterior parietal region, the mTBI group showed more theta desynchronization than the control group from ~300 to ~600 ms post-cue during switch trials and from ~300 to 400 ms during maintain trials, along with less alpha and beta desynchronization than the control group from ~2,000 to ~2,200 ms post-cue. In a right parietal region, the mTBI group showed less alpha and beta desynchronization from ~525 to ~775 ms post-cue. However, there was no condition × group interaction in the behavior or oscillatory results. These oscillatory differences suggest a change in neural communication is present after mTBI that may relate to global changes in task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Barlow
- Psychology Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire.,Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Paolo Medrano
- Psychology Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Daniel R Seichepine
- Neuropsychology Program, University of New Hampshire at Manchester, Manchester, New Hampshire
| | - Robert S Ross
- Psychology Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire.,Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
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19
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Cohen JE, Ross RS, Stern CE. Predictability matters: role of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in disambiguation of overlapping sequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:335-346. [PMID: 30012878 PMCID: PMC6049392 DOI: 10.1101/lm.047175.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that areas in the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex (PFC) show increased activation during retrieval of overlapping sequences. In this study, we designed a task in which degree of overlap varied between conditions in order to parse out the contributions of hippocampal and prefrontal subregions as overlap between associations increased. In the task, participants learned sequential associations consisting of a picture frame, a face within the picture frame, and an outdoor scene. The control condition consisted of a single frame-face-scene sequence. In the low overlap condition, each frame was paired with two faces and two scenes. In the high overlap condition, each frame was paired with four faces and four scenes. In all conditions the correct scene was chosen among four possible scenes and was dependent on the frame and face that preceded the choice point. One day after training, participants were tested on the retrieval of learned sequences during fMRI scanning. Results showed that the middle and posterior hippocampus (HC) was active at times when participants acquired information that increased predictability of the correct response in the overlapping sequences. Activation of dorsolateral PFC occurred at time points when the participant was able to ascertain which set of sequences the correct response belonged to. The ventrolateral PFC was active when inhibition was required, either of irrelevant stimuli or incorrect responses. These results indicate that areas of lateral PFC work in concert with the HC to disambiguate between overlapping sequences and that sequence predictability is key to when specific brain regions become active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine E Cohen
- Center for Memory and Brain, Rajen Kilachand Center for Integrated Life Sciences and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Psychology Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Center for Memory and Brain, Rajen Kilachand Center for Integrated Life Sciences and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Abstract
Immobilization, bed rest, or denervation leads to muscle disuse and subsequent skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy can also occur as a component of various chronic diseases such as cancer, AIDS, sepsis, diabetes, and chronic heart failure or as a direct result of genetic muscle disorders. In addition to this atrophic loss of muscle mass, metabolic deregulation of muscle also occurs. In contrast, physical exercise plays a beneficial role in counteracting disuse-induced atrophy by increasing muscle mass and strength. Along with this, exercise can also reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic deregulation. Still, while exercise causes valuable metabolic and functional adaptations in skeletal muscle, the mechanisms and effectors that lead to these changes such as increased mitochondria content or enhanced protein synthesis are not fully understood. Therefore, mechanistic insights may ultimately provide novel ways to treat disuse induced atrophy and metabolic deregulation. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics offers enormous promise for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying disuse and exercise-induced changes in skeletal muscle. This review will focus on initial findings uncovered by using proteomics approaches with human skeletal muscle specimens and discuss their potential for the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare , San Diego, California
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21
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Hammond HK, Penny WF, Traverse JH, Henry TD, Watkins MW, Yancy CW, Sweis RN, Adler ED, Patel AN, Murray DR, Ross RS, Bhargava V, Maisel A, Barnard DD, Lai NC, Dalton ND, Lee ML, Narayan SM, Blanchard DG, Gao MH. Intracoronary Gene Transfer of Adenylyl Cyclase 6 in Patients With Heart Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2018; 1:163-71. [PMID: 27437887 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Gene transfer has rarely been tested in randomized clinical trials. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary delivery of adenovirus 5 encoding adenylyl cyclase 6 (Ad5.hAC6) in heart failure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 clinical trial was conducted in US medical centers (randomization occurred from July 19, 2010, to October 30, 2014). Participants 18 to 80 years with symptomatic heart failure (ischemic and nonischemic) and an ejection fraction (EF) of 40% or less were screened; 86 individuals were enrolled, and 56 were randomized. Data analysis was of the intention-to-treat population. Participants underwent exercise testing and measurement of left ventricular EF (echocardiography) and then cardiac catheterization, where left ventricular pressure development (+dP/dt) and decline (-dP/dt) were recorded. Participants were randomized (3:1 ratio) to receive 1 of 5 doses of intracoronary Ad5.hAC6 or placebo. Participants underwent a second catheterization 4 weeks later for measurement of dP/dt. Exercise testing and EF were assessed 4 and 12 weeks after randomization. INTERVENTIONS Intracoronary administration of Ad5.hAC6 (3.2 × 109 to 1012 virus particles) or placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary end points included exercise duration and EF before and 4 and 12 weeks after randomization and peak rates of +dP/dt and -dP/dt before and 4 weeks after randomization. Fourteen placebo participants were compared (intention to treat) with 24 Ad5.hAC6 participants receiving the highest 2 doses (D4 + 5). RESULTS Fifty-six individuals were randomized and monitored for up to 1 year. Forty-two participants (75%) received Ad5.hAC6 (mean [SE] age, 63 [1] years; EF, 30% [1%]), and 14 individuals (25%) received placebo (age, 62 [1] years; EF, 30% [2%]). Exercise duration showed no significant group differences (4 weeks, P = .27; 12 weeks, P = .47, respectively). The D4 + 5 participants had increased EF at 4 weeks (+6.0 [1.7] EF units; n = 21; P < .004), but not 12 weeks (+3.0 [2.4] EF units; n = 21; P = .16). Placebo participants showed no increase in EF at 4 weeks or 12 weeks. Exercise duration showed no between-group differences (4-week change from baseline: placebo, 27 [36] seconds; D4 + 5, 44 [25] seconds; P = .27; 12-week change from baseline: placebo, 44 [28] seconds; D4 + 5, 58 [29 seconds, P = .47). AC6 gene transfer increased basal left ventricular peak -dP/dt (4-week change from baseline: placebo, +93 [51] mm Hg/s; D4 + 5, -39 [33] mm Hg/s; placebo [n = 21]; P < .03); AC6 did not increase arrhythmias. The admission rate for patients with heart failure was 9.5% (4 of 42) in the AC6 group and 28.6% (4 of 14) in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.08-1.36]; P = .10). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE AC6 gene transfer safely increased LV function beyond standard heart failure therapy, attainable with one-time administration. Larger trials are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00787059.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kirk Hammond
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - William F Penny
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Timothy D Henry
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota4now with Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Clyde W Yancy
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ranya N Sweis
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric D Adler
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Amit N Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - David R Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Robert S Ross
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Valmik Bhargava
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Alan Maisel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Denise D Barnard
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - N Chin Lai
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Martin L Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles)
| | - Sanjiv M Narayan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego10now with School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Mei Hua Gao
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
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22
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Ross RS, Smolen A, Curran T, Nyhus E. MAO-A Phenotype Effects Response Sensitivity and the Parietal Old/New Effect during Recognition Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:53. [PMID: 29487517 PMCID: PMC5816743 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical problem for developing personalized treatment plans for cognitive disruptions is the lack of understanding how individual differences influence cognition. Recognition memory is one cognitive ability that varies from person to person and that variation may be related to different genetic phenotypes. One gene that may impact recognition memory is the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAO-A), which influences the transcription rate of MAO-A. Examination of how MAO-A phenotypes impact behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs) correlates of recognition memory may help explain individual differences in recognition memory performance. Therefore, the current study uses electroencephalography (EEG) in combination with genetic phenotyping of the MAO-A gene to determine how well-characterized ERP components of recognition memory, the early frontal old/new effect, left parietal old/new effect, late frontal old/new effect, and the late posterior negativity (LPN) are impacted by MAO-A phenotype during item and source memory. Our results show that individuals with the MAO-A phenotype leading to increased transcription have lower response sensitivity during both item and source memory. Additionally, during item memory the left parietal old/new effect is not present due to increased ERP amplitude for correct rejections. The results suggest that MAO-A phenotype changes EEG correlates of recognition memory and influences how well individuals differentiate between old and new items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Ross
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Andrew Smolen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tim Curran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Erika Nyhus
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
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23
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Lausecker F, Tian X, Inoue K, Wang Z, Pedigo CE, Hassan H, Liu C, Zimmer M, Jinno S, Huckle AL, Hamidi H, Ross RS, Zent R, Ballestrem C, Lennon R, Ishibe S. Vinculin is required to maintain glomerular barrier integrity. Kidney Int 2017; 93:643-655. [PMID: 29241625 PMCID: PMC5846847 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions and podocyte intercellular junctions are key for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier. Vinculin, a cytoplasmic protein, couples actin filaments to integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions and to cadherin-based intercellular junctions. Here, we examined the role of vinculin in podocytes by the generation of a podocyte-specific knockout mouse. Mice lacking podocyte vinculin had increased albuminuria and foot process effacement following injury in vivo. Analysis of primary podocytes isolated from the mutant mice revealed defects in cell protrusions, altered focal adhesion size and signaling, as well as impaired cell migration. Furthermore, we found a marked mislocalization of the intercellular junction protein zonula occludens-1. In kidney sections from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy, we observed dramatic differences in the expression levels and localization of vinculin. Thus, our results suggest that vinculin is necessary to maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier by modulating podocyte foot processes and stabilizing intercellular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher E Pedigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hossam Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margaret Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie Jinno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Abby L Huckle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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24
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Medrano P, Nyhus E, Smolen A, Curran T, Ross RS. Individual differences in EEG correlates of recognition memory due to DAT polymorphisms. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00870. [PMID: 29299388 PMCID: PMC5745248 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although previous research suggests that genetic variation in dopaminergic genes may affect recognition memory, the role dopamine transporter expression may have on the behavioral and EEG correlates of recognition memory has not been well established. OBJECTIVES The study aims to reveal how individual differences in dopaminergic functioning due to genetic variations in the dopamine transporter gene influences behavioral and EEG correlates of recognition memory. METHODS Fifty-eight participants performed an item recognition task. Participants were asked to retrieve 200 previously presented words while brain activity was recorded with EEG. Regions of interest were established in scalp locations associated with recognition memory. Mean ERP amplitudes and event-related spectral perturbations when correctly remembering old items (hits) and recognizing new items (correct rejections) were compared as a function of dopamine transporter group. RESULTS Participants in the dopamine transporter group that codes for increased dopamine transporter expression (10/10 homozygotes) display slower reaction times compared to participants in the dopamine transporter group associated with the expression of fewer dopamine transporters (9R-carriers). 10/10 homozygotes further displayed differences in ERP and oscillatory activity compared to 9R-carriers. 10/10 homozygotes fail to display the left parietal old/new effect, an ERP signature of recognition memory associated with the amount of information retrieved. 10/10 homozygotes also displayed greater decreases of alpha and beta oscillatory activity during item memory retrieval compared to 9R-carriers. CONCLUSION Compared to 9R-carriers, 10/10 homozygotes display slower hit and correct rejection reaction times, an absence of the left parietal old/new effect, and greater decreases in alpha and beta oscillatory activity during recognition memory. These results suggest that dopamine transporter polymorphisms influence recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Medrano
- Psychology Department University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA
| | - Erika Nyhus
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience Bowdoin College Brunswick ME USA
| | - Andrew Smolen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Tim Curran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Psychology Department University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA.,Neuroscience and Behavior Program University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA
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25
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Antman EM, Di Corleto PE, Freeman MW, Ganz T, Golan DE, Kitterman R, Loscalzo J, Low M, McKenna E, O'Connor AC, Palazzolo M, Parrish J, Reizes O, Ross RS, Vaughan C, Vince DG, Watts L. NIH Centers for Accelerated Innovations Program: principles, practices, successes and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:663-664. [PMID: 28775338 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott M Antman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachuchetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Mason W Freeman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachuchetts 02114, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - David E Golan
- Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachuchetts 02115, USA
| | - Roger Kitterman
- Partners Innovation, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachuchetts 02142, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachuchetts 02115, USA
| | - Mark Low
- GCIC, 10000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Erin McKenna
- Partners Innovation, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachuchetts 02142, USA
| | - Alan C O'Connor
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Michael Palazzolo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - John Parrish
- CIMIT, 125 Nashua Street, Boston, Massachuchetts 02114, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine and Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | | | - D Geoffrey Vince
- Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Lesley Watts
- Partners Innovation, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachuchetts 02142, USA
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26
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Manso AM, Okada H, Sakamoto FM, Moreno E, Monkley SJ, Li R, Critchley DR, Ross RS. Loss of mouse cardiomyocyte talin-1 and talin-2 leads to β-1 integrin reduction, costameric instability, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6250-E6259. [PMID: 28698364 PMCID: PMC5544289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701416114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous contraction-relaxation cycles of the heart require strong and stable connections of cardiac myocytes (CMs) with the extracellular matrix (ECM) to preserve sarcolemmal integrity. CM attachment to the ECM is mediated by integrin complexes localized at the muscle adhesion sites termed costameres. The ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein talin (Tln) is a component of muscle costameres that links integrins ultimately to the sarcomere. There are two talin genes, Tln1 and Tln2. Here, we tested the function of these two Tln forms in myocardium where Tln2 is the dominant isoform in postnatal CMs. Surprisingly, global deletion of Tln2 in mice caused no structural or functional changes in heart, presumably because CM Tln1 became up-regulated. Tln2 loss increased integrin activation, although levels of the muscle-specific β1D-integrin isoform were reduced by 50%. With this result, we produced mice that had simultaneous loss of both CM Tln1 and Tln2 and found that cardiac dysfunction occurred by 4 wk with 100% mortality by 6 mo. β1D integrin and other costameric proteins were lost from the CMs, and membrane integrity was compromised. Given that integrin protein reduction occurred with Tln loss, rescue of the phenotype was attempted through transgenic integrin overexpression, but this could not restore WT CM integrin levels nor improve heart function. Our results show that CM Tln2 is essential for proper β1D-integrin expression and that Tln1 can substitute for Tln2 in preserving heart function, but that loss of all Tln forms from the heart-muscle cell leads to myocyte instability and a dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Manso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Francesca M Sakamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Emily Moreno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Susan J Monkley
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Ruixia Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161
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Zhang Z, Mu Y, Veevers J, Peter AK, Manso AM, Bradford WH, Dalton ND, Peterson KL, Knowlton KU, Ross RS, Zhou X, Chen J. Postnatal Loss of Kindlin-2 Leads to Progressive Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 9:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003129. [PMID: 27502369 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The striated muscle costamere, a multiprotein complex at the boundary between the sarcomere and the sarcolemma, plays an integral role in maintaining striated muscle structure and function. Multiple costamere-associated proteins, such as integrins and integrin-interacting proteins, have been identified and shown to play an increasingly important role in the pathogenesis of human cardiomyopathy. Kindlin-2 is an adaptor protein that binds to the integrin β cytoplasmic tail to promote integrin activation. Genetic deficiency of Kindlin-2 results in embryonic lethality, and knockdown of the Kindlin-2 homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio suggests that it has an essential role in integrin function and normal muscle structure and function. The precise role of Kindlin-2 in the mammalian cardiac myocyte remains to be determined. METHODS AND RESULTS The current studies were designed to investigate the role of Kindlin-2 in the mammalian heart. We generated a series of cardiac myocyte-specific Kindlin-2 knockout mice with excision of the Kindlin-2 gene in either developing or adult cardiac myocytes. We found that mice lacking Kindlin-2 in the early developing heart are embryonic lethal. We demonstrate that deletion of Kindlin-2 at late gestation or in adult cardiac myocytes resulted in heart failure and premature death, which were associated with enlargement of the heart and extensive fibrosis. In addition, integrin β1D protein expression was significantly downregulated in the adult heart. CONCLUSIONS Kindlin-2 is required to maintain integrin β1D protein stability. Postnatal loss of Kindlin-2 from cardiac myocytes leads to progressive heart failure, showing the importance of costameric proteins like Kindlin-2 for homeostasis of normal heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Yongxin Mu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Angela K Peter
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - William H Bradford
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Kirk U Knowlton
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Robert S Ross
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Ju Chen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.).
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Ichikawa Y, Zemljic-Harpf AE, Zhang Z, McKirnan MD, Manso AM, Ross RS, Hammond HK, Patel HH, Roth DM. Modulation of caveolins, integrins and plasma membrane repair proteins in anthracycline-induced heart failure in rabbits. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177660. [PMID: 28498861 PMCID: PMC5428970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic drugs known to induce heart failure in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanisms involved in anthracycline cardiotoxicity are an area of relevant investigation. Caveolins bind, organize and regulate receptors and signaling molecules within cell membranes. Caveolin-3 (Cav-3), integrins and related membrane repair proteins can function as cardioprotective proteins. Expression of these proteins in anthracycline-induced heart failure has not been evaluated. We tested the hypothesis that daunorubicin alters cardioprotective protein expression in the heart. Rabbits were administered daunorubicin (3 mg/kg, IV) weekly, for three weeks or nine weeks. Nine weeks but not three weeks of daunorubicin resulted in progressive reduced left ventricular function. Cav-3 expression in the heart was unchanged at three weeks of daunorubicin and increased in nine week treated rabbits when compared to control hearts. Electron microscopy showed caveolae in the heart were increased and mitochondrial number and size were decreased after nine weeks of daunorubicin. Activated beta-1 (β1) integrin and the membrane repair protein MG53 were increased after nine weeks of daunorubicin vs. controls with no change at the three week time point. The results suggest a potential pathophysiological role for Cav3, integrins and membrane repair in daunorubicin-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ichikawa
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alice E. Zemljic-Harpf
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - M. Dan McKirnan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Ross
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David M. Roth
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ma X, Chen C, Veevers J, Zhou X, Ross RS, Feng W, Chen J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene manipulation to create single-amino-acid-substituted and floxed mice with a cloning-free method. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42244. [PMID: 28176880 PMCID: PMC5296764 DOI: 10.1038/srep42244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology is a powerful tool to manipulate the genome with extraordinary simplicity and speed. To generate genetically modified animals, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is typically accomplished by microinjection of a mixture of Cas9 DNA/mRNA and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) into zygotes. However, sgRNAs used for this approach require manipulation via molecular cloning as well as in vitro transcription. Beyond these complexities, most mutants obtained with this traditional approach are genetically mosaic, yielding several types of cells with different genetic mutations. Recently, a growing body of studies has utilized commercially available Cas9 protein together with sgRNA and a targeting construct to introduce desired mutations. Here, we report a cloning-free method to target the mouse genome by pronuclear injection of a commercial Cas9 protein:crRNA:tracrRNA:single-strand oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) complex into mouse zygotes. As illustration of this method, we report the successful generation of global gene-knockout, single-amino-acid-substituted, as well as floxed mice that can be used for conditional gene-targeting. These models were produced with high efficiency to generate non-mosaic mutant mice with a high germline transmission rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0613-C, La Jolla, California 92093-0613, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0613-C, La Jolla, California 92093-0613, USA
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0613-C, La Jolla, California 92093-0613, USA
| | - XinMin Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0613-C, La Jolla, California 92093-0613, USA.,Veterans Administration Healthcare San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0613-C, La Jolla, California 92093-0613, USA
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0613-C, La Jolla, California 92093-0613, USA
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Reed MD, Maune BM, Andrews RW, Borselli MG, Eng K, Jura MP, Kiselev AA, Ladd TD, Merkel ST, Milosavljevic I, Pritchett EJ, Rakher MT, Ross RS, Schmitz AE, Smith A, Wright JA, Gyure MF, Hunter AT. Reduced Sensitivity to Charge Noise in Semiconductor Spin Qubits via Symmetric Operation. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:110402. [PMID: 27035289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate improved operation of exchange-coupled semiconductor quantum dots by substantially reducing the sensitivity of exchange operations to charge noise. The method involves biasing a double dot symmetrically between the charge-state anticrossings, where the derivative of the exchange energy with respect to gate voltages is minimized. Exchange remains highly tunable by adjusting the tunnel coupling. We find that this method reduces the dephasing effect of charge noise by more than a factor of 5 in comparison to operation near a charge-state anticrossing, increasing the number of observable exchange oscillations in our qubit by a similar factor. Performance also improves with exchange rate, favoring fast quantum operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Reed
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - B M Maune
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - R W Andrews
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - M G Borselli
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - K Eng
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - M P Jura
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - A A Kiselev
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - T D Ladd
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - S T Merkel
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - I Milosavljevic
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - E J Pritchett
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - M T Rakher
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - R S Ross
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - A E Schmitz
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - A Smith
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - J A Wright
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - M F Gyure
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - A T Hunter
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA
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Chen C, Li R, Ross RS, Manso AM. Integrins and integrin-related proteins in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 93:162-74. [PMID: 26562414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is one of the major components of the healing mechanism following any injury of the heart and as such may contribute to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in a range of pathophysiologic conditions. Canonically, it can occur as part of the remodeling process that occurs following myocardial infarction or that follows as a response to pressure overload. Integrins are cell surface receptors which act in both cellular adhesion and signaling. Most importantly, in the context of the continuously contracting myocardium, they are recognized as mechanotransducers. They have been implicated in the development of fibrosis in several organs, including the heart. This review will focus on the involvement of integrins and integrin-related proteins, in cardiac fibrosis, outlining the roles of these proteins in the fibrotic responses in specific cardiac pathologies, discuss some of the common end effectors (angiotensin II, transforming growth factor beta 1 and mechanical stress) through which integrins function and finally discuss how manipulation of this set of proteins may lead to new treatments which could prove useful to alter the deleterious effects of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Ruixia Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Ross RS, Medrano P, Boyle K, Smolen A, Curran T, Nyhus E. Genetic variation in the serotonin transporter gene influences ERP old/new effects during recognition memory. Neuropsychologia 2015; 78:95-107. [PMID: 26423665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recognition memory is defined as the ability to recognize a previously encountered stimulus and has been associated with spatially and temporally distinct event-related potentials (ERPs). Allelic variations of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) have recently been shown to impact memory performance. Common variants of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) of the SLC6A4 gene result in long (l) and short (s) allelic variants with carriers of the s allele having lowered transcriptional efficiency. Thus, the current study examines the effects polymorphisms of the SLC6A4 gene have on performance and ERP amplitudes commonly associated with recognition memory. Electroencephalogram (EEG), genetic, and behavioral data were collected from sixty participants as they performed an item and source memory recognition task. In both tasks, participants studied and encoded 200 words, which were then mixed with 200 new words during retrieval. Participants were monitored with EEG during the retrieval portion of each memory task. EEG electrodes were grouped into four ROIs, left anterior superior, right anterior superior, left posterior superior, and right posterior superior. ERP mean amplitudes during hits in the item and source memory task were compared to correctly recognizing new items (correct rejections). Results show that s-carriers have decreased mean hit amplitudes in both the right anterior superior ROI 1000-1500ms post stimulus during the source memory task and the left anterior superior ROI 300-500ms post stimulus during the item memory task. These results suggest that individual differences due to genetic variation of the serotonin transporter gene influences recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Ross
- University of New Hampshire, Psychology Department, Durham, NH, USA; University of New Hampshire, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Durham, NH, USA.
| | - Paolo Medrano
- University of New Hampshire, Psychology Department, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Kaitlin Boyle
- University of New Hampshire, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Andrew Smolen
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tim Curran
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Erika Nyhus
- Bowdoin College, Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Brunswick, ME, USA
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Borselli MG, Eng K, Ross RS, Hazard TM, Holabird KS, Huang B, Kiselev AA, Deelman PW, Warren LD, Milosavljevic I, Schmitz AE, Sokolich M, Gyure MF, Hunter AT. Undoped accumulation-mode Si/SiGe quantum dots. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:375202. [PMID: 26302871 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/37/375202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on a quantum dot device design that combines the low disorder properties of undoped SiGe heterostructure materials with an overlapping gate stack in which each electrostatic gate has a dominant and unique function-control of individual quantum dot occupancies and of lateral tunneling into and between dots. Control of the tunneling rate between a dot and an electron bath is demonstrated over more than nine orders of magnitude and independently confirmed by direct measurement within the bandwidth of our amplifiers. The inter-dot tunnel coupling at the [Formula: see text] charge configuration anti-crossing is directly measured to quantify the control of a single inter-dot tunnel barrier gate. A simple exponential dependence is sufficient to describe each of these tunneling processes as a function of the controlling gate voltage.
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Janes AC, Ross RS, Farmer S, Frederick BB, Nickerson LD, Lukas SE, Stern CE. Memory retrieval of smoking-related images induce greater insula activation as revealed by an fMRI-based delayed matching to sample task. Addict Biol 2015; 20:349-56. [PMID: 24261848 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine dependence is a chronic and difficult to treat disorder. While environmental stimuli associated with smoking precipitate craving and relapse, it is unknown whether smoking cues are cognitively processed differently than neutral stimuli. To evaluate working memory differences between smoking-related and neutral stimuli, we conducted a delay-match-to-sample (DMS) task concurrently with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in nicotine-dependent participants. The DMS task evaluates brain activation during the encoding, maintenance and retrieval phases of working memory. Smoking images induced significantly more subjective craving, and greater midline cortical activation during encoding in comparison to neutral stimuli that were similar in content yet lacked a smoking component. The insula, which is involved in maintaining nicotine dependence, was active during the successful retrieval of previously viewed smoking versus neutral images. In contrast, neutral images required more prefrontal cortex-mediated active maintenance during the maintenance period. These findings indicate that distinct brain regions are involved in the different phases of working memory for smoking-related versus neutral images. Importantly, the results implicate the insula in the retrieval of smoking-related stimuli, which is relevant given the insula's emerging role in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Janes
- McLean Imaging Center; McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Belmont MA USA
| | - Robert S. Ross
- Center for Memory and Brain; Boston University; Boston MA USA
- Department of Psychology; University of New Hampshire; Durham NH USA
| | - Stacey Farmer
- McLean Imaging Center; McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Belmont MA USA
| | - Blaise B. Frederick
- McLean Imaging Center; McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Belmont MA USA
| | - Lisa D. Nickerson
- McLean Imaging Center; McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Belmont MA USA
| | - Scott E. Lukas
- McLean Imaging Center; McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Belmont MA USA
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Schon K, Newmark RE, Ross RS, Stern CE. A Working Memory Buffer in Parahippocampal Regions: Evidence from a Load Effect during the Delay Period. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:1965-74. [PMID: 25662713 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational models have proposed that the entorhinal cortex (EC) is well suited for maintaining multiple items in working memory (WM). Evidence from animal recording and human neuroimaging studies show that medial temporal lobe areas including the perirhinal (PrC), EC, and CA1 hippocampal subfield may contribute to active maintenance during WM. Previous neuroimaging work also suggests CA1 may be recruited transiently when encoding novel information, and EC and CA1 may be involved in maintaining multiple items in WM. In this study, we tested the prediction that a putative WM buffer would demonstrate a load-dependent effect during a WM delay. Using high-resolution fMRI, we examined whether activity within the hippocampus (CA3/DG, CA1, and subiculum) and surrounding medial temporal cortices (PrC, EC, and parahippocampal cortex-PHC) is modulated in a load-dependent manner. We employed a delayed matching-to-sample task with novel scenes at 2 different WM loads. A contrast between high- and low-WM load showed greater activity within CA1 and subiculum during the encoding phase, and greater EC, PrC, and PHC activity during WM maintenance. These results are consistent with computational models and suggest that EC/PrC and PHC act as a WM buffer by actively maintaining novel information in a capacity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Memory and Brain Graduate Program for Neuroscience CELEST, Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randall E Newmark
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Memory and Brain Graduate Program for Neuroscience CELEST, Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Memory and Brain CELEST, Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Memory and Brain Graduate Program for Neuroscience CELEST, Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Putcha D, Ross RS, Cronin-Golomb A, Janes AC, Stern CE. Altered intrinsic functional coupling between core neurocognitive networks in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 7:449-55. [PMID: 25685711 PMCID: PMC4320252 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely attributed to disruptions in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. These neurodegenerative changes may also have a more global effect on intrinsic brain organization at the cortical level. Functional brain connectivity between neurocognitive systems related to cognitive processing is critical for effective neural communication, and is disrupted across neurological disorders. Three core neurocognitive networks have been established as playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders: the default-mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive network (CEN). In healthy adults, DMN–CEN interactions are anti-correlated while SN–CEN interactions are strongly positively correlated even at rest, when individuals are not engaging in any task. These intrinsic between-network interactions at rest are necessary for efficient suppression of the DMN and activation of the CEN during a range of cognitive tasks. To identify whether these network interactions are disrupted in individuals with PD, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to compare between-network connectivity between 24 PD participants and 20 age-matched controls (MC). In comparison to the MC, individuals with PD showed significantly less SN–CEN coupling and greater DMN–CEN coupling during rest. Disease severity, an index of striatal dysfunction, was related to reduced functional coupling between the striatum and SN. These results demonstrate that individuals with PD have a dysfunctional pattern of interaction between core neurocognitive networks compared to what is found in healthy individuals, and that interaction between the SN and the striatum is even more profoundly disrupted in those with greater disease severity. Functional coupling is altered between the default-mode network and the salience and central executive networks in PD. Functional coupling between the striatum and the salience network diminishes as disease severity increases in PD. These disruptions to intrinsic functional coupling provide a framework for PD disease progression at the cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Putcha
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy C Janes
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Israeli-Rosenberg S, Chen C, Li R, Deussen DN, Niesman IR, Okada H, Patel HH, Roth DM, Ross RS. Caveolin modulates integrin function and mechanical activation in the cardiomyocyte. FASEB J 2014; 29:374-84. [PMID: 25366344 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-243139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
β1 integrins (β1) transduce mechanical signals in many cells, including cardiac myocytes (CM). Given their close localization, as well as their role in mechanotransduction and signaling, we hypothesized that caveolin (Cav) proteins might regulate integrins in the CM. β1 localization, complex formation, activation state, and signaling were analyzed using wild-type, Cav3 knockout, and Cav3 CM-specific transgenic heart and myocyte samples. Studies were performed under basal and mechanically loaded conditions. We found that: (1) β1 and Cav3 colocalize in CM and coimmunoprecipitate from CM protein lysates; (2) β1 is detected in a subset of caveolae; (3) loss of Cav3 caused reduction of β1D integrin isoform and active β1 integrin from the buoyant domains in the heart; (4) increased expression of myocyte Cav3 correlates with increased active β1 integrin in adult CM; (5) in vivo pressure overload of the wild-type heart results in increased activated integrin in buoyant membrane domains along with increased association between active integrin and Cav3; and (6) Cav3-deficient myocytes have perturbed basal and stretch mediated signaling responses. Thus, Cav3 protein can modify integrin function and mechanotransduction in the CM and intact heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Israeli-Rosenberg
- *Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; U.S. Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Chen
- *Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; U.S. Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruixia Li
- *Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; U.S. Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel N Deussen
- *Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; U.S. Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid R Niesman
- *Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; U.S. Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hideshi Okada
- *Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; U.S. Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hemal H Patel
- *Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; U.S. Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David M Roth
- *Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; U.S. Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S Ross
- *Department of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; U.S. Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Putcha D, Ross RS, Rosen ML, Norton DJ, Cronin-Golomb A, Somers DC, Stern CE. Functional correlates of optic flow motion processing in Parkinson's disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:57. [PMID: 25071484 PMCID: PMC4086480 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual input created by the relative motion between an individual and the environment, also called optic flow, influences the sense of self-motion, postural orientation, veering of gait, and visuospatial cognition. An optic flow network comprising visual motion areas V6, V3A, and MT+, as well as visuo-vestibular areas including posterior insula vestibular cortex (PIVC) and cingulate sulcus visual area (CSv), has been described as uniquely selective for parsing egomotion depth cues in humans. Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have known behavioral deficits in optic flow perception and visuospatial cognition compared to age- and education-matched control adults (MC). The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural correlates related to impaired optic flow perception in PD. We conducted fMRI on 40 non-demented participants (23 PD and 17 MC) during passive viewing of simulated optic flow motion and random motion. We hypothesized that compared to the MC group, PD participants would show abnormal neural activity in regions comprising this optic flow network. MC participants showed robust activation across all regions in the optic flow network, consistent with studies in young adults, suggesting intact optic flow perception at the neural level in healthy aging. PD participants showed diminished activity compared to MC particularly within visual motion area MT+ and the visuo-vestibular region CSv. Further, activation in visuo-vestibular region CSv was associated with disease severity. These findings suggest that behavioral reports of impaired optic flow perception and visuospatial performance may be a result of impaired neural processing within visual motion and visuo-vestibular regions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Putcha
- Department of Psychology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Psychology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire Durham, NH, USA
| | - Maya L Rosen
- Department of Psychology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Norton
- Department of Psychology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Somers
- Department of Psychology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Department of Psychology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
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Nishimura M, Kumsta C, Kaushik G, Diop SB, Ding Y, Bisharat-Kernizan J, Catan H, Cammarato A, Ross RS, Engler AJ, Bodmer R, Hansen M, Ocorr K. A dual role for integrin-linked kinase and β1-integrin in modulating cardiac aging. Aging Cell 2014; 13:431-40. [PMID: 24400780 PMCID: PMC4032615 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac performance decreases with age, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in the aging human population, but the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac aging are still poorly understood. Investigating the role of integrin-linked kinase (ilk) and β1-integrin (myospheroid, mys) in Drosophila, which colocalize near cardiomyocyte contacts and Z-bands, we find that reduced ilk or mys function prevents the typical changes of cardiac aging seen in wildtype, such as arrhythmias. In particular, the characteristic increase in cardiac arrhythmias with age is prevented in ilk and mys heterozygous flies with nearly identical genetic background, and they live longer, in line with previous findings in Caenorhabditis elegans for ilk and in Drosophila for mys. Consistent with these findings, we observed elevated β1-integrin protein levels in old compared with young wild-type flies, and cardiac-specific overexpression of mys in young flies causes aging-like heart dysfunction. Moreover, moderate cardiac-specific knockdown of integrin-linked kinase (ILK)/integrin pathway-associated genes also prevented the decline in cardiac performance with age. In contrast, strong cardiac knockdown of ilk or ILK-associated genes can severely compromise cardiac integrity, including cardiomyocyte adhesion and overall heart function. These data suggest that ilk/mys function is necessary for establishing and maintaining normal heart structure and function, and appropriate fine-tuning of this pathway can retard the age-dependent decline in cardiac performance and extend lifespan. Thus, ILK/integrin-associated signaling emerges as an important and conserved genetic mechanism in longevity, and as a new means to improve age-dependent cardiac performance, in addition to its vital role in maintaining cardiac integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Nishimura
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Caroline Kumsta
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine; University of California at San Diego; 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Soda B. Diop
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yun Ding
- School of Medicine; VA San Diego Healthcare System; University of California at San Diego; 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, Cardiology Section 111A San Diego CA 92161 USA
| | - Jumana Bisharat-Kernizan
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Hannah Catan
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Robert S. Ross
- School of Medicine; VA San Diego Healthcare System; University of California at San Diego; 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, Cardiology Section 111A San Diego CA 92161 USA
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine; University of California at San Diego; 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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Zemljic-Harpf AE, Godoy JC, Platoshyn O, Asfaw EK, Busija AR, Domenighetti AA, Ross RS. Vinculin directly binds zonula occludens-1 and is essential for stabilizing connexin-43-containing gap junctions in cardiac myocytes. Development 2014. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.109553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric, transmembrane receptors that are expressed in all cells, including those in the heart. They participate in multiple critical cellular processes including adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, signaling, survival, and proliferation. Particularly relevant for a contracting muscle cell, integrins are mechanotransducers, translating mechanical to biochemical information. Although it is likely that cardiovascular clinicians and scientists have the highest recognition of integrins in the cardiovascular system from drugs used to inhibit platelet aggregation, the focus of this article will be on the role of integrins specifically in the cardiac myocyte. After a general introduction to integrin biology, the article will discuss important work on integrin signaling, mechanotransduction, and lessons learned about integrin function from a range of model organisms. Then we will detail work on integrin-related proteins in the myocyte, how integrins may interact with ion channels and mediate viral uptake into cells, and also play a role in stem cell biology. Finally, we will discuss directions for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Israeli-Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, and Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, and Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, and Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, and Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Zemljic-Harpf AE, Godoy JC, Platoshyn O, Asfaw EK, Busija AR, Domenighetti AA, Ross RS. Vinculin directly binds zonula occludens-1 and is essential for stabilizing connexin-43-containing gap junctions in cardiac myocytes. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1104-16. [PMID: 24413171 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.143743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinculin (Vcl) links actin filaments to integrin- and cadherin-based cellular junctions. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1, also known as TJP1) binds connexin-43 (Cx43, also known as GJA1), cadherin and actin. Vcl and ZO-1 anchor the actin cytoskeleton to the sarcolemma. Given that loss of Vcl from cardiomyocytes causes maldistribution of Cx43 and predisposes cardiomyocyte-specific Vcl-knockout mice with preserved heart function to arrhythmia and sudden death, we hypothesized that Vcl and ZO-1 interact and that loss of this interaction destabilizes gap junctions. We found that Vcl, Cx43 and ZO-1 colocalized at the intercalated disc. Loss of cardiomyocyte Vcl caused parallel loss of ZO-1 from intercalated dics. Vcl co-immunoprecipitated Cx43 and ZO-1, and directly bound ZO-1 in yeast two-hybrid studies. Excision of the Vcl gene in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes caused a reduction in the amount of Vcl mRNA transcript and protein expression leading to (1) decreased protein expression of Cx43, ZO-1, talin, and β1D-integrin, (2) reduced PI3K activation, (3) increased activation of Akt, Erk1 and Erk2, and (4) cardiomyocyte necrosis. In summary, this is the first study showing a direct interaction between Vcl and ZO-1 and illustrates how Vcl plays a crucial role in stabilizing gap junctions and myocyte integrity.
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Poethko-Müller C, Zimmermann R, Hamouda O, Faber M, Stark K, Ross RS, Thamm M. [Epidemiology of hepatitis A, B, and C among adults in Germany: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2013; 56:707-15. [PMID: 23703489 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-013-1673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ten years after seroepidemiological data were obtained in the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98), German Health Interview and Examination Survey (DEGS1) data contribute to a population-based, representative surveillance of hepatitis A and B immunity and of the serological markers for hepatitis C in Germany. The prevalence of antibodies against the hepatitis A virus is 48.6 %. In comparison to the situation 10 years ago, seroprevalence is significantly higher among 18- to 39-year-old adults and is significantly lower in those aged 50-79 years. The association between age and seroprevalence has changed, indicating a decrease in naturally acquired hepatitis A immunity. Individual and population immunity has to be achieved through vaccination. Prevalence of hepatitis B antibodies indicates that 5.1 % of adults have been exposed to the virus, significantly fewer than 10 years ago (7.9 %). Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antibodies indicates that 22.9 % of adults have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Vaccination coverage has increased in all age groups and is highest in the younger age groups. These positive trends can be attributed to the general recommendation since 1995 to vaccinate against hepatitis B. For hepatitis C, the prevalence of antibodies in the general population is 0.3 %. Germany thus remains a low-HCV-endemic country. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Poethko-Müller
- Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101 Berlin, Deutschland.
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Okada H, Lai NC, Kawaraguchi Y, Liao P, Copps J, Sugano Y, Okada-Maeda S, Banerjee I, Schilling JM, Gingras AR, Asfaw EK, Suarez J, Kang SM, Perkins GA, Au CG, Israeli-Rosenberg S, Manso AM, Liu Z, Milner DJ, Kaufman SJ, Patel HH, Roth DM, Hammond HK, Taylor SS, Dillmann WH, Goldhaber JI, Ross RS. Integrins protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4294-308. [PMID: 24091324 DOI: 10.1172/jci64216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic damage is recognized to cause cardiomyocyte (CM) death and myocardial dysfunction, but the role of cell-matrix interactions and integrins in this process has not been extensively studied. Expression of α7β1D integrin, the dominant integrin in normal adult CMs, increases during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), while deficiency of β1 integrins increases ischemic damage. We hypothesized that the forced overexpression of integrins on the CM would offer protection from I/R injury. Tg mice with CM-specific overexpression of integrin α7β1D exposed to I/R had a substantial reduction in infarct size compared with that of α5β1D-overexpressing mice and WT littermate controls. Using isolated CMs, we found that α7β1D preserved mitochondrial membrane potential during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury via inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ overload but did not alter H/R effects on oxidative stress. Therefore, we assessed Ca2+ handling proteins in the CM and found that β1D integrin colocalized with ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) in CM T-tubules, complexed with RyR2 in human and rat heart, and specifically bound to RyR2 amino acids 165-175. Integrins stabilized the RyR2 interdomain interaction, and this stabilization required integrin receptor binding to its ECM ligand. These data suggest that α7β1D integrin modifies Ca2+ regulatory pathways and offers a means to protect the myocardium from ischemic injury.
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Thievessen I, Thompson PM, Berlemont S, Plevock KM, Plotnikov SV, Zemljic-Harpf A, Ross RS, Davidson MW, Danuser G, Campbell SL, Waterman CM. Vinculin-actin interaction couples actin retrograde flow to focal adhesions, but is dispensable for focal adhesion growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 202:163-77. [PMID: 23836933 PMCID: PMC3704983 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201303129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin functions as a molecular clutch that organizes leading edge F-actin, generates traction, and promotes focal adhesion formation and turnover but not adhesion growth. In migrating cells, integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs) assemble in protruding lamellipodia in association with rapid filamentous actin (F-actin) assembly and retrograde flow. How dynamic F-actin is coupled to FA is not known. We analyzed the role of vinculin in integrating F-actin and FA dynamics by vinculin gene disruption in primary fibroblasts. Vinculin slowed F-actin flow in maturing FA to establish a lamellipodium–lamellum border and generate high extracellular matrix (ECM) traction forces. In addition, vinculin promoted nascent FA formation and turnover in lamellipodia and inhibited the frequency and rate of FA maturation. Characterization of a vinculin point mutant that specifically disrupts F-actin binding showed that vinculin–F-actin interaction is critical for these functions. However, FA growth rate correlated with F-actin flow speed independently of vinculin. Thus, vinculin functions as a molecular clutch, organizing leading edge F-actin, generating ECM traction, and promoting FA formation and turnover, but vinculin is dispensible for FA growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Thievessen
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Wolters B, Müller T, Ross RS, Kundt R, Roggendorf M, Roggendorf H. [Combined hepatitis A/B vaccination: evaluation of a vaccination schedule in facilities for handicapped people]. Gesundheitswesen 2013; 76:96-102. [PMID: 23592404 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY People with mental and physical disabilities have a higher risk of infection with hepatitis viruses. Studies conducted so far show contradictory results on the success of vaccination in this population. These people live and work under special conditions and sometimes have immune defects. METHODS We investigated the antibody response after combined vaccination against hepatitis A and B in facilities for handicapped people in the city of Essen/Germany. Antibodies were determined in people with disabilities (n=949) and also in social workers taking care of handicapped people (n=115). RESULTS Protective antibodies against hepatitis A were detected in 98.9% in people with disabilities and social workers. The seroconversion rate against hepatitis B in handicapped people was 90.2% and was comparable to the seroconversion rate in social workers (91.3%). Re-vaccinations were offered to all people with anti-HBs titres below 100 IU/L (28% of handicapped and 23.5% of social workers). In the group of low responders in handicapped people about 50% developed anti-HBs concentration above 100 IU/L. Non-responders showed 30-40% seroconversion rate after re-vaccination. CONCLUSION Based on this study we would recommend serological tests about 4-8 weeks after vaccination to confirm seroconversion. By this procedure people who need a booster vaccination will be recognized and non-responders should be offered another HBV vaccination. In about 20% of the non-responders included in this study HBs antigen was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wolters
- Institut für Virologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - T Müller
- Institut für Virologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - R S Ross
- Institut für Virologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - R Kundt
- Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Essen
| | - M Roggendorf
- Institut für Virologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - H Roggendorf
- Institut für Virologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen
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Winkler U, Hirrlinger PG, Sestu M, Wilhelm F, Besser S, Zemljic-Harpf AE, Ross RS, Bornschein G, Krügel U, Ziegler WH, Hirrlinger J. Deletion of the cell adhesion adaptor protein vinculin disturbs the localization of GFAP in Bergmann glial cells. Glia 2013; 61:1067-83. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Winkler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Leipzig; Liebigstr. 27; D-04103; Leipzig; Germany
| | | | - Marcello Sestu
- Mechanisms of Cell Migration; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF); Faculty of Medicine; University of Leipzig; Liebigstr. 21; D-04103; Leipzig; Germany
| | - Franziska Wilhelm
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Leipzig; Liebigstr. 27; D-04103; Leipzig; Germany
| | - Stefanie Besser
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Leipzig; Liebigstr. 27; D-04103; Leipzig; Germany
| | | | | | - Grit Bornschein
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Leipzig; Liebigstr. 27; D-04103; Leipzig; Germany
| | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Leipzig; Härtelstr. 16-18; D-04107; Leipzig; Germany
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Newmark RE, Schon K, Ross RS, Stern CE. Contributions of the hippocampal subfields and entorhinal cortex to disambiguation during working memory. Hippocampus 2013; 23:467-75. [PMID: 23504938 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus and medial temporal lobes (MTL) support the successful formation of new memories without succumbing to interference from related, older memories. Computational models and animal findings have implicated the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, and entorhinal cortex (EC) in the disambiguation and encoding of well-established, episodic events that share common elements. However, it is unknown if these hippocampal subfields and MTL (entorhinal, perirhinal, parahippocampal) cortices also contribute during working memory when overlapping stimuli that share related features are rapidly encoded and subsequently maintained over a brief temporal delay. We hypothesized that activity in CA3/DG hippocampal subfields would be greater for the rapid encoding of stimuli with overlapping features than for the rapid encoding of stimuli with distinct features. In addition, we predicted that CA1 and EC, regions that are associated with creating long-term episodic representations, would show greater sustained activity across both encoding and delay periods for representations of stimuli with overlapping features than for those with distinct features. We used high-resolution fMRI during a delayed matching-to-sample (DMS) task using face pairs that either shared (overlapping condition, OL) or did not share (non-overlapping condition, NOL) common elements. We contrasted the OL condition with the NOL condition separately at sample (encoding) and during a brief delay (maintenance). At sample, we observed activity localized to CA3/DG, the subiculum, and CA1. At delay, we observed activity localized to the subiculum and CA1 and activity within the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. Our findings are consistent with our hypotheses and suggest that CA3/DG, CA1 and the subiculum support the disambiguation and encoding of overlapping representations while CA1, subiculum and entorhinal cortex maintain these overlapping representations during working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall E Newmark
- Department of Psychology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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49
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Manso AM, Li R, Monkley SJ, Cruz NM, Ong S, Lao DH, Koshman YE, Gu Y, Peterson KL, Chen J, Abel ED, Samarel AM, Critchley DR, Ross RS. Talin1 has unique expression versus talin 2 in the heart and modifies the hypertrophic response to pressure overload. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:4252-64. [PMID: 23266827 PMCID: PMC3567677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.427484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are adhesive, signaling, and mechanotransduction proteins. Talin (Tln) activates integrins and links it to the actin cytoskeleton. Vertebrates contain two talin genes, tln1 and tln2. How Tln1 and Tln2 function in cardiac myocytes (CMs) is unknown. Tln1 and Tln2 expression were evaluated in the normal embryonic and adult mouse heart as well as in control and failing human adult myocardium. Tln1 function was then tested in the basal and mechanically stressed myocardium after cardiomyocyte-specific excision of the Tln1 gene. During embryogenesis, both Tln forms are highly expressed in CMs, but in the mature heart Tln2 becomes the main Tln isoform, localizing to the costameres. Tln1 expression is minimal in the adult CM. With pharmacological and mechanical stress causing hypertrophy, Tln1 is up-regulated in CMs and is specifically detected at costameres, suggesting its importance in the compensatory response to CM stress. In human failing heart, CM Tln1 also increases compared with control samples from normal functioning myocardium. To directly test Tln1 function in CMs, we generated CM-specific Tln1 knock-out mice (Tln1cKO). Tln1cKO mice showed normal basal cardiac structure and function but when subjected to pressure overload showed blunted hypertrophy, less fibrosis, and improved cardiac function versus controls. Acute responses of ERK1/2, p38, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 after mechanical stress were strongly blunted in Tln1cKO mice. Given these results, we conclude that Tln1 and Tln2 have distinct functions in the myocardium. Our data show that reduction of CM Tln1 expression can lead to improved cardiac remodeling following pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Manso
- From the Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California 92161
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ruixia Li
- From the Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California 92161
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Susan J. Monkley
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom, and
| | - Nathalia M. Cruz
- From the Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California 92161
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Shannon Ong
- From the Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California 92161
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Dieu H. Lao
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Yevgeniya E. Koshman
- the Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - Yusu Gu
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Kirk L. Peterson
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ju Chen
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Allen M. Samarel
- the Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - David R. Critchley
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom, and
| | - Robert S. Ross
- From the Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, California 92161
- UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
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50
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Schon K, Ross RS, Hasselmo ME, Stern CE. Complementary roles of medial temporal lobes and mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for working memory for novel and familiar trial-unique visual stimuli. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 37:668-78. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael E. Hasselmo
- Department of Psychology and Center for Memory and Brain; Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology - CELEST; Boston University; Boston; MA; 02215; USA
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