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Tran PT, Beidoun B, Lohan SB, Talbi R, Kleuser B, Seifert M, Jung K, Sandig G, Meinke MC. Establishment of a method to expose and measure pollution in excised porcine skin with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114258. [PMID: 36343452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Health problems associated with the amount of air pollutants are increasing worldwide. Pollution damages not only the lungs; it also has an impact on skin health and is co-responsible for the development of skin diseases. Anti-pollution products are on the rise in the cosmetic market but so far, there is no established method to directly assess the impact of pollution on the skin and to test the efficacy of anti-pollution products. To address this problem, two different chambers were developed for the reproducible exposure to realistic air pollutant concentrations. One chamber for the exclusive use of excised skin and hair samples, the second chamber for ex vivo and in vivo measurements. Measurements of nicotine next to the investigated skin area allow conclusions to be drawn on the particle concentration to which the skin is exposed. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, which enables the detection of free radicals in different systems, was applied to assess the hazard potential of pollution in the skin. A direct proof of the formation of free radicals in the skin by the model pollutant cigarette smoke could be demonstrated. An additional application of UV irradiation even increased the formation of free radicals in the skin seven-fold (sum parameter). Depending on the question of interest, the use of different spin probes allows various assessments of the radical formation in skin: the amount of radicals but also the antioxidant status of the microenvironment can be estimated. Using two exposure chambers, the direct formation of oxidative stress by cigarette smoke on ex vivo skin, with and without additional UV exposure, could be reproducibly examined. This measurement method is promising for the assessment of anti-pollution products and could allow a direct causal connection between pollutant, effect on the skin and the protective function of skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Tran
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Batoul Beidoun
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berliner Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Luxemburger Straße 10 in, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke B Lohan
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajae Talbi
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berliner Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Luxemburger Straße 10 in, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Grit Sandig
- Gematria Test Lab GmbH, 13187 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Dai P, Li Y, Chen Y, Jiao J, Wang Q, Li C, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Xia Q, Zhang WH. (Fluoromethylsulfonyl)methylation of Quinoxalinones Using NaSO2CH2F for C–F Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2022; 24:1357-1361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chenxiao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Qing Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Meinke MC, Busch L, Lohan SB. Wavelength, dose, skin type and skin model related radical formation in skin. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1091-1100. [PMID: 35047091 PMCID: PMC8724488 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure to sun radiation is indispensable to our health; however, a long-term and high exposure could lead to cell damage, erythema, premature skin aging, and promotion of skin tumors. An underlying pathomechanism is the formation of free radicals which may induce oxidative stress at elevated concentrations. Different skin models, such as porcine-, murine-, human- ex vivo skin, reconstructed human skin (RHS) and human skin in vivo, were investigated during and after irradiation using X- and L-band EPR spectroscopy within different spectral regions (UVC to NIR). The amount of radical formation was quantified with the spin probe PCA and the radical types were measured ex vivo with the spin trap DMPO. The radiation dose influences the types of radicals formed in the skin. While reactive oxygen species (ROS) are always pronounced at low doses, there is an increase in lipid oxygen species (LOS) at high doses. Furthermore, the radical types arise independent from the irradiation wavelength, whereas the general amount of radical formation differs with the irradiation wavelength. Heat pre-stressed porcine skin already starts with higher LOS values. Thus, the radical type ratio might be an indicator of stress and the reversal of ROS/LOS constitutes the point where positive stress turns into negative stress.Compared to light skin types, darker types produce less radicals in the ultraviolet, similar amounts in the visible and higher ones in the infrared spectral region, rendering skin type-specific sun protection a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Meinke
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Busch
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - S. B. Lohan
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Mishra SS, Manzoor K, Zafar M, Podmore ID. A novel approach to the analysis of spin-trapped free radicals using dimethyl sulfoxide and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with both solvent extraction and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). Free Radic Res 2021; 55:569-578. [PMID: 34533413 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1980563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have utilized a novel strategy based upon the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection and identification of spin-trapped free radicals. Hydroxymethyl (.CH2OH) radicals, generated by Fenton-type chemistry, have been trapped by N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) or one of its derivatives in the presence of DMSO to form a 1,3-diadduct [PBN-(CH2OH)(CH3)], which may be detected directly in the reaction mixture following chloroform extraction or in the reaction vial headspace by sampling with SPME. Separation and identification have been carried out by capillary gas chromatography coupled to electron-ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS). The results demonstrate that using DMSO aids GC-MS analysis of spin-trapped free radicals via the formation of radical-methyl di-adducts that are sufficiently volatile to be sampled both in the headspace or by an extracting solvent without the need for a derivatization step using silylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanatkumar S Mishra
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Kamran Manzoor
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Mudaser Zafar
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Ian D Podmore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
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Manzoor K, Mishra SK, Podmore ID. Detection and identification of ethanal-derived spin-trapped free radicals using headspace thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Free Radic Res 2020; 54:745-755. [PMID: 33092425 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1841183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a novel approach to the detection and identification of the products of spin-trapped free radicals. Hydroxyl free radicals were generated by Fenton-based chemistry in the presence of ethanal and the spin-trapping agent N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN). The resulting volatile compounds present in the reaction vial headspace were collected using thermal desorption (TD) and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eleven compounds were detected in the headspace, and their identification was aided by using either a fluorinated or deuterated analogue of PBN as an alternative spin trap and/or deuterated ethanal (CD3CHO) as the secondary source of free radicals. The electron-ionisation (EI) mass spectra clearly demonstrate the "capture" of methyl radicals; two of the compounds detected were identified as containing one methyl group derived from ethanal, and four were shown to contain two methyl groups. This study demonstrates that sampling the reaction headspace using TD-GC-MS is a viable method for analysing products of free radical trapping, and potentially may be applied to a wide range of free radical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Manzoor
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Sanat K Mishra
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Ian D Podmore
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Salford, Salford, UK
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Horváth E, Rossi L, Mercier C, Lehmann C, Sienkiewicz A, Forró L. Photocatalytic Nanowires-Based Air Filter: Towards Reusable Protective Masks. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2004615. [PMID: 32837497 PMCID: PMC7435547 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202004615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last couple decades, several viral outbreaks resulting in epidemics and pandemics with thousands of human causalities have been witnessed. The current Covid-19 outbreak represents an unprecedented crisis. In stopping the virus' spread, it is fundamental to have personal protective equipment and disinfected surfaces. Here, the development of a TiO2 nanowires (TiO2NWs) based filter is reported, which it is believed will work extremely well for personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as for a new generation of air conditioners and air purifiers. Its efficiency relies on the photocatalytic generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon UV illumination, and on a particularly high dielectric constant of TiO2, which is of paramount importance for enhanced wettability by the water droplets carrying the germs. The filter pore sizes can be tuned by processing TiO2NWs into filter paper. The kilogram-scale production capability of TiO2NWs gives credibility to its massive application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Horváth
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex MatterEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Lídia Rossi
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex MatterEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Cyprien Mercier
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex MatterEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Caroline Lehmann
- Laboratory of Physics of Living MatterEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex MatterEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
- ADSresonancesPréverenges1028Switzerland
| | - László Forró
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex MatterEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
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Yu D, Wu D, Liu JY, Li SY, Li Y. On single-electron magnesium bonding formation and the effect of methyl substitution. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34413-34420. [PMID: 35514394 PMCID: PMC9056782 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexes formed between MgX2 (X = F, H) molecules and alkyl radicals Y [Y = CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, and C(CH3)3] have been characterized by using quantum chemical methods. The binding distance in all cases is less than the sum of vdW radii of Mg and C, indicating the formation of a non-covalent interaction, namely single-electron magnesium bond. Energy decomposition analysis reveals that electrostatic and polarization contributions are the major components responsible for the stability of the studied complexes. According to interaction energy, atoms in molecules, and independent gradient model analyses, methyl substitution on electron donor Y imposes a positive effect on its complexation with MgX2. When compared with other nonbonded interactions, the single-electron magnesium bond is found to have strength comparable to those of the single-electron beryllium bond and π-magnesium bond. The complexes formed between MgX2 (X = F, H) molecules and alkyl radicals Y [Y = CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, and C(CH3)3] have been characterized by using quantum chemical methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yao Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 P. R. China
| | - Si-Yi Li
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 P. R. China
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Murgas CJ, Green SP, Forney AK, Korba RM, An SS, Kitten T, Lucas HR. Intracellular Metal Speciation in Streptococcus sanguinis Establishes SsaACB as Critical for Redox Maintenance. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1906-1921. [PMID: 32329608 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus sanguinis is an oral commensal bacterium, but it can colonize pre-existing heart valve vegetations if introduced into the bloodstream, leading to infective endocarditis. Loss of Mn- or Fe-cofactored virulence determinants are thought to result in weakening of this bacterium. Indeed, intracellular Mn accumulation mediated by the lipoprotein SsaB, a component of the SsaACB transporter complex, has been shown to promote virulence for endocarditis and O2 tolerance. To delineate intracellular metal-ion abundance and redox speciation within S. sanguinis, we developed a protocol exploiting two spectroscopic techniques, Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, to respectively quantify total intracellular metal concentrations and directly measure redox speciation of Fe and Mn within intact whole-cell samples. Addition of the cell-permeable siderophore deferoxamine shifts the oxidation states of accessible Fe and Mn from reduced-to-oxidized, as verified by magnetic moment calculations, aiding in the characterization of intracellular metal pools and metal sequestration levels for Mn2+ and Fe. We have applied this methodology to S. sanguinis and an SsaACB knockout strain (ΔssaACB), indicating that SsaACB mediates both Mn and Fe uptake, directly influencing the metal-ion pools available for biological inorganic pathways. Mn supplementation of ΔssaACB returns total intracellular Mn to wild-type levels, but it does not restore wild-type redox speciation or distribution of metal cofactor availability for either Mn or Fe. Our results highlight the biochemical basis for S. sanguinis oxidative resistance, revealing a dynamic role for SsaACB in controlling redox homeostasis by managing the intracellular Fe/Mn composition and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Murgas
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Shannon P. Green
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Ashley K. Forney
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Rachel M. Korba
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Seon-Sook An
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Todd Kitten
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Heather R. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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Headley CA, Hoffman CN, Freisen JM, Han Y, Macklin JM, Zweier JL, Rockenbauer A, Kuret J, Villamena FA. Membrane-specific spin trap, 5-dodecylcarbamoyl-5-N-dodecylacetamide-1-pyroline-N-oxide (diC 12PO): theoretical, bioorthogonal fluorescence imaging and EPR studies. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7694-7705. [PMID: 31328213 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Membranous organelles are major endogenous sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. When present at high levels, these species can cause macromolecular damage and disease. To better detect and scavenge free radical forms of the reactive species at their sources, we investigated whether nitrone spin traps could be selectively targeted to intracellular membranes using a bioorthogonal imaging approach. Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the novel cyclic nitrone 5-dodecylcarbamoyl-5-N-dodecylacetamide-1-pyroline-N-oxide (diC12PO) could be used to target the nitrone moiety to liposomes composed of phosphatidyl choline. To test localization with authentic membranes in living cells, fluorophores were introduced via strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC). Two fluorophore-conjugated alkynes were investigated: hexynamide-fluoresceine (HYA-FL) and dibenzylcyclooctyne-PEG4-5/6-sulforhodamine B (DBCO-Rhod). Computational and mass spectrometry experiments confirmed the cycloadduct formation of DBCO-Rhod (but not HYA-FL) with diC12PO in cell-free solution. Confocal microscopy of bovine aortic endothelial cells treated sequentially with diC12PO and DBCO-Rhod demonstrated clear localization of fluorescence with intracellular membranes. These results indicate that targeting of nitrone spin traps to cellular membranes is feasible, and that a bioorthogonal approach can aid the interrogation of their intracellular compartmentalization properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colwyn A Headley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Claire N Hoffman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Juliana M Freisen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yongbin Han
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Joseph M Macklin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeff Kuret
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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