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Song J, Liu L, Wang Z, Xie D, Azami NLB, Lu L, Huang Y, Ye W, Zhang Q, Sun M. CCL20 and CD8A as potential diagnostic biomarkers for HBV-induced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28329. [PMID: 38596115 PMCID: PMC11002547 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The main cause of the liver fibrosis (LF) remains hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, especially in China. Histologically, liver fibrosis still occurs progressively in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, even if HBV-DNA is negative or undetectable. The diagnosis of LF is beneficial to control the development of it, also it may promote the reversal of LF. Although liver biopsy is the gold standard of diagnosis in LF at present, it isa traumatic diagnosis. There are no diagnostic biomarkers as yet for the condition. It is badly in need of biomarkers clinically, which is simple to test, minimally invasive, highly specific, and sensitive. Early detection of HBV-LF development is crucial in the prevention, treatment, and prognosis prediction of HBV-LF. Cytokines are closely associated with both immune regulation and inflammation in the progression of hepatitis B virus associated-liver fibrosis (HBV-LF). In this bioinformatic study, we not only analyzed the relationship between HBV-LF and immune infiltration, but also identified key genes to uncover new therapeutic targets. Objectives To find potential biomarkers for liver fibrosis in the development of chronic hepatic B patients. Materials and methods We obtained two sets of data including CHB/healthy control and CHB/HBV-LF from the Integrated Gene Expression (GEO) database to select for differential expression analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was also generated, while key genes and important gene modules involved in the occurrence and development of HBV-LF were identified. These key genes were analyzed by functional enrichment analysis, module analysis, and survival analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between these two diseases and immune infiltration was explored. Results Among the identified genes, 150 were individually associated with CHB and healthy control in the differential gene expression (DGE) analysis. While 14 with CHB and HBV-LF. It was also analyzed in the Robust rank aggregation (RRA) analysis, 34 differential genes were further identified by Cytohubba. Among 34 differential genes, two core genes were determined: CCL20 and CD8A. CCL20 was able to predict CHB positivity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC-ROC] = 0.883, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.786-0.963), while HBV-LF positivity ([AUC-ROC] = 0.687, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.592-0.779). And CD8A was able to predict CHB positivity ([AUC-ROC] = 0.960, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.915-0.992), while HBV-LF positivity ([AUC-ROC] = 0.773, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.680-0.856). Relationship between CCL20 gene expression and LF grades was P < 0.05, as well as CD8A. Conclusion CCL20 and CD8A were found to be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HBV-LF. It is instructive for research on the progression of LF in HBV patients, suppression of chronic inflammation, and development of molecularly targeted-therapy for HBV-LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Song
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nisma Lena Bahaji Azami
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Mikulski D, Kościelny K, Dróżdż I, Mirocha G, Nowicki M, Misiewicz M, Perdas E, Strzałka P, Wierzbowska A, Fendler W. Serum Levels of miR-122-5p and miR-125a-5p Predict Hepatotoxicity Occurrence in Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4355. [PMID: 38673940 PMCID: PMC11050045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic complications are an acknowledged cause of mortality and morbidity among patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential role in the prediction of liver injury of five selected microRNAs (miRNAs)-miR-122-5p, miR-122-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-99b-5p, and miR-125a-5p-in the setting of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). A total of 66 patients were included in the study: 50 patients (75.8%) with multiple myeloma (MM) and 16 (24.2%) with lymphoma. Blood samples were collected after the administration of the conditioning regimen, on the day of transplant (day 0). The expression levels of selected miRNAs were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using the miRCURY LNA miRNA Custom PCR Panels (QIAGEN). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and the administered conditioning regimen, two miRNAs, hsa-miR-122-5p (odds ratio, OR 2.10, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.29-3.42, p = 0.0029) and hsa-miR-125a-5p (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11-0.71, p = 0.0079), were independent for hepatic toxicity occurrence during the 14 days after transplant. Our model in 10-fold cross-validation preserved its diagnostic potential with a receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (ROC AUC) of 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.88 and at optimal cut-off reached 72.0% sensitivity and 74.4% specificity. An elevated serum level of miR-122-5p and decreased level of miR-125a-5p on day 0 are independent risk factors for hepatotoxicity in ASCT recipients, showing promise in accurately predicting post-ASCT complications. Identifying patients susceptible to complications has the potential to reduce procedure costs and optimize the selection of inpatient or outpatient procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Mikulski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (D.M.); (K.K.); (G.M.); (E.P.)
- Department of Hematooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kacper Kościelny
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (D.M.); (K.K.); (G.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Izabela Dróżdż
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Mirocha
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (D.M.); (K.K.); (G.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Mateusz Nowicki
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.N.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Misiewicz
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.N.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (D.M.); (K.K.); (G.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Piotr Strzałka
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.N.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbowska
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.N.); (M.M.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (D.M.); (K.K.); (G.M.); (E.P.)
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McGill MR, Curry SC. The Evolution of Circulating Biomarkers for Use in Acetaminophen/Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Humans: A Scoping Review. LIVERS 2023; 3:569-596. [PMID: 38434489 PMCID: PMC10906739 DOI: 10.3390/livers3040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used drug, but overdose can cause severe acute liver injury. The first reports of APAP hepatotoxicity in humans were published in 1966, shortly after the development of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as the first biomarkers of liver injury as opposed to liver function. Thus, the field of liver injury biomarkers has evolved alongside the growth in APAP hepatotoxicity incidence. Numerous biomarkers have been proposed for use in the management of APAP overdose patients in the intervening years. Here, we comprehensively review the development of these markers from the 1960s to the present day and briefly discuss possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R McGill
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72212, USA
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72212, USA
- Dept. of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72212, USA
| | - Steven C Curry
- Division of Clinical Data Analytics and Decision Support, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
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Ramírez-Solano MA, Córdova EJ, Orozco L, Tejero ME. Plasma MicroRNAs Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Women. Lifestyle Genom 2023; 16:165-176. [PMID: 37708875 DOI: 10.1159/000534041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of abnormalities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs associated with different phenotypes, some of them integrating the MetS. The aim of the study was to compare the c-miRNAs profile in plasma between women with MetS and controls and explore their possible association with dysregulation of metabolic pathways. METHODS The study was conducted in two phases. At the screening phase, miRNA composition in fasting plasma was compared between 8 participants with MetS and 10 healthy controls, using microarray technology. The validation phase included the analysis by qRT-PCR of 10 selected c-miRNAs in an independent sample (n = 29). RESULTS We found 21 c-miRNAs differentially expressed between cases and controls. The concentration in plasma of the c-miRNAs hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-4514, and hsa-miR-4687-5p were also correlated with risk factors for CVD. Differences of hsa-miR-1260a between cases and controls were validated using qRT-PCR (fold-change = 7.0; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The signature of plasma c-miRNAs differed between women with MetS and controls. The identified miRNAs regulate pathways related to the MetS such as insulin resistance and adipokine activity. The role of c-miR-1260a in the MetS remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Adelina Ramírez-Solano
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenómica y Nutrigenética, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Maestría en Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emilio J Córdova
- Consorcio Oncogenómica y Enfermedades Óseas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Complejas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Elizabeth Tejero
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenómica y Nutrigenética, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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Grove JI, Stephens C, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Weber S, Gerbes A, Bjornsson ES, Stirnimann G, Daly AK, Hackl M, Khamina-Kotisch K, Marin JJG, Monte MJ, Paciga SA, Lingaya M, Forootan SS, Goldring CEP, Poetz O, Lombaard R, Stege A, Bjorrnsson HK, Robles-Diaz M, Li D, Tran TDB, Ramaiah SK, Samodelov SL, Kullak-Ublick GA, Aithal GP. Study design for development of novel safety biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury by the translational safety biomarker pipeline (TransBioLine) consortium: a study protocol for a nested case-control study. Diagn Progn Res 2023; 7:18. [PMID: 37697410 PMCID: PMC10496294 DOI: 10.1186/s41512-023-00155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of biomarkers that detect drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accurately continues to hinder early- and late-stage drug development and remains a challenge in clinical practice. The Innovative Medicines Initiative's TransBioLine consortium comprising academic and industry partners is developing a prospective repository of deeply phenotyped cases and controls with biological samples during liver injury progression to facilitate biomarker discovery, evaluation, validation and qualification.In a nested case-control design, patients who meet one of these criteria, alanine transaminase (ALT) ≥ 5 × the upper limit of normal (ULN), alkaline phosphatase ≥ 2 × ULN or ALT ≥ 3 ULN with total bilirubin > 2 × ULN, are enrolled. After completed clinical investigations, Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment and expert panel review are used to adjudicate episodes as DILI or alternative liver diseases (acute non-DILI controls). Two blood samples are taken: at recruitment and follow-up. Sample size is as follows: 300 cases of DILI and 130 acute non-DILI controls. Additional cross-sectional cohorts (1 visit) are as follows: Healthy volunteers (n = 120), controls with chronic alcohol-related or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 100 each) and patients with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis (n = 100, 50 treated with methotrexate) are enrolled. Candidate biomarkers prioritised for evaluation include osteopontin, glutamate dehydrogenase, cytokeratin-18 (full length and caspase cleaved), macrophage-colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor and high mobility group protein B1 as well as bile acids, sphingolipids and microRNAs. The TransBioLine project is enabling biomarker discovery and validation that could improve detection, diagnostic accuracy and prognostication of DILI in premarketing clinical trials and for clinical healthcare application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane I Grove
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Camilla Stephens
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo Y Farmacologia Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo Y Farmacologia Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl J Andrade
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo Y Farmacologia Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabine Weber
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerbes
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Einar S Bjornsson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Guido Stirnimann
- University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ann K Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | | | - Jose J G Marin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Monte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara A Paciga
- Worldwide Research Development and Medical, Pfizer, NY, USA
| | - Melanie Lingaya
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shiva S Forootan
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Rudolf Lombaard
- ABX-CRO Advanced Pharmaceutical Services, Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa
| | - Alexandra Stege
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Central Biobank Charité (ZeBanC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Helgi K Bjorrnsson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mercedes Robles-Diaz
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo Y Farmacologia Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dingzhou Li
- Worldwide Research Development and Medical, Pfizer, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Sophia L Samodelov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
- Mechanistic Safety, CMO & Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Viral Encoded miRNAs in Tumorigenesis: Theranostic Opportunities in Precision Oncology. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071448. [PMID: 35889167 PMCID: PMC9321719 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
About 15% of all human cancers have a viral etiology. Although progress has been made, understanding the viral oncogenesis and associated molecular mechanisms remain complex. The discovery of cellular miRNAs has led to major breakthroughs. Interestingly, viruses have also been discovered to encode their own miRNAs. These viral, small, non-coding miRNAs are also known as viral-miRNAs (v-miRNAs). Although the function of v-miRNAs largely remains to be elucidated, their role in tumorigenesis cannot be ignored. V-miRNAs have also been shown to exploit the cellular machinery to benefit viral replication and survival. Although the discovery of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and its viral miRNAs, is a work in progress, the existence of HPV-, EBV-, HBV-, MCPyV- and KSHV-encoded miRNA has been documented. V-miRNAs have been shown to target host factors to advance tumorigenesis, evade and suppress the immune system, and deregulate both the cell cycle and the apoptotic machinery. Although the exact mechanisms of v-miRNAs-induced tumorigenesis are still unclear, v-miRNAs are active role-players in tumorigenesis, viral latency and cell transformation. Furthermore, v-miRNAs can function as posttranscriptional gene regulators of both viral and host genes. Thus, it has been proposed that v-miRNAs may serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancers with a viral etiology. Although significant challenges exist in their clinical application, emerging reports demonstrate their potent role in precision medicine. This review will focus on the roles of HPV-, HCV-, EBV-, HBV-, MCPyV-, and KSHV-produced v-miRNAs in tumorigenesis, as effectors in immune evasion, as diagnostic biomarkers and as novel anti-cancer therapeutic targets. Finally, it will discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with v-miRNAs theranostics in precision oncology.
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Tosar JP, Cayota A, Witwer K. Exomeres and Supermeres: monolithic or diverse? JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e45. [PMID: 36311878 PMCID: PMC9610496 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are far from being the only RNA-containing extracellular particles (EPs). Recently, new 35 nm-sized EPs were discovered by asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation and termed "exomeres". Purification of exomeres was later performed by differential ultracentrifugation as well. More recently, the supernatant of the high-speed ultracentrifugation used to collect exomeres was further centrifuged to collect a new class of EP, termed "supermeres". Supermeres contain high quantities of extracellular RNA and are enriched in miR-1246. They are also replete in disease biomarkers and can induce metabolic and adaptive changes in recipient cells. Here, we reanalyzed proteomic and transcriptomic data obtained in this exciting study to obtain further insights into the molecular composition of exomeres and supermeres. We found that the top-ranking RNAs in supermeres correspond to the footprints of extracellular protein complexes. These complexes protect fragments of the small nuclear RNA U2 and the 28S rRNA from extracellular ribonucleases (exRNases). We suggest that intracellular nanoparticles such as the U2 ribonucleoprotein, ribosomes and LGALS3BP ring-like decamers are released into the extracellular space. These heterogeneous EPs might be further processed by exRNases and co-isolate by ultracentrifugation with other components of exomeres and supermeres. We look forward to continuing progress in defining exRNA carriers, bridging process definitions with molecular composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Tosar
- Analytical Biochemistry Unit, Nuclear Research Center, School of Science, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.,Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay.,Correspondence: (Tosar, J.P.)
| | - Alfonso Cayota
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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A MicroRNA Next-Generation-Sequencing Discovery Assay (miND) for Genome-Scale Analysis and Absolute Quantitation of Circulating MicroRNA Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031226. [PMID: 35163149 PMCID: PMC8835905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma levels of tissue-specific microRNAs can be used as diagnostic, disease severity and prognostic biomarkers for chronic and acute diseases and drug-induced injury. Thereby, the combination of diverse microRNAs into biomarker signatures using multivariate statistics seems especially powerful from the perspective of tissue and condition specific microRNA shedding into the plasma. Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology enables one to analyse circulating microRNAs on a genome-scale level, it suffers from potential biases (e.g., adapter ligation bias) and lacks absolute transcript quantitation as well as tailor-made quality controls. In order to develop a robust NGS discovery assay for genome-scale quantitation of circulating microRNAs, we first evaluated the sensitivity, repeatability and ligation bias of four commercially available small RNA library preparation protocols. The protocol from RealSeq Biosciences was selected based on its performance and usability and coupled with a novel panel of exogenous small RNA spike-in controls to enable quality control and absolute quantitation, thus ensuring comparability of data across independent NGS experiments. The established microRNA Next-Generation-Sequencing Discovery Assay (miND) was validated for its relative accuracy, precision, analytical measurement range and sequencing bias and was considered fit-for-purpose for microRNA biomarker discovery. Summarized, all these criteria were met, and thus, our analytical platform is considered fit-for-purpose for microRNA biomarker discovery from biofluids in the setting of any diagnostic, prognostic or patient stratification need. The established miND assay was tested on serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid (SF) and extracellular vesicles (EV) extracted from cell culture medium of primary cells and proved its potential to be used across different sample types.
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Orzeł-Gajowik K, Milewski K, Zielińska M. Insight into microRNAs-Mediated Communication between Liver and Brain: A Possible Approach for Understanding Acute Liver Failure? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:224. [PMID: 35008650 PMCID: PMC8745738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening consequence of hepatic function rapid loss without preexisting liver disease. ALF may result in a spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms that encompasses cognitive impairment, coma, and often death, collectively defined as acute hepatic encephalopathy. Micro RNAs are small non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression and are extensively verified as biomarker candidates in various diseases. Our systematic literature review based on the last decade's reports involving a total of 852 ALF patients, determined 205 altered circulating miRNAs, of which 25 miRNAs were altered in the blood, regardless of study design and methodology. Selected 25 miRNAs, emerging predominantly from the analyses of samples obtained from acetaminophen overdosed patients, represent the most promising biomarker candidates for a diagnostic panel for symptomatic ALF. We discussed the role of selected miRNAs in the context of tissue-specific origin and its possible regulatory role for molecular pathways involved in blood-brain barrier function. The defined several common pathways for 15 differently altered miRNAs were relevant to cellular community processes, indicating loss of intercellular, structural, and functional components, which may result in blood-brain barrier impairment and brain dysfunction. However, a causational relationship between circulating miRNAs differential expression, and particular clinical features of ALF, has to be demonstrated in a further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.-G.); (K.M.)
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10
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Schofield AL, Brown JP, Brown J, Wilczynska A, Bell C, Glaab WE, Hackl M, Howell L, Lee S, Dear JW, Remes M, Reeves P, Zhang E, Allmer J, Norris A, Falciani F, Takeshita LY, Seyed Forootan S, Sutton R, Park BK, Goldring C. Systems analysis of miRNA biomarkers to inform drug safety. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3475-3495. [PMID: 34510227 PMCID: PMC8492583 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are short non-coding RNA molecules which have been shown to be dysregulated and released into the extracellular milieu as a result of many drug and non-drug-induced pathologies in different organ systems. Consequently, circulating miRs have been proposed as useful biomarkers of many disease states, including drug-induced tissue injury. miRs have shown potential to support or even replace the existing traditional biomarkers of drug-induced toxicity in terms of sensitivity and specificity, and there is some evidence for their improved diagnostic and prognostic value. However, several pre-analytical and analytical challenges, mainly associated with assay standardization, require solutions before circulating miRs can be successfully translated into the clinic. This review will consider the value and potential for the use of circulating miRs in drug-safety assessment and describe a systems approach to the analysis of the miRNAome in the discovery setting, as well as highlighting standardization issues that at this stage prevent their clinical use as biomarkers. Highlighting these challenges will hopefully drive future research into finding appropriate solutions, and eventually circulating miRs may be translated to the clinic where their undoubted biomarker potential can be used to benefit patients in rapid, easy to use, point-of-care test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Schofield
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Joseph P Brown
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Jack Brown
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Ania Wilczynska
- bit.bio, Babraham Research Campus, The Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Catherine Bell
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Warren E Glaab
- Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Howell
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Stevenage, Greater Cambridge Area, UK
| | - Stephen Lee
- ABHI, 1 Duchess St, 4th Floor, Suite 2, London, W1W 6AN, UK
| | - James W Dear
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mika Remes
- Genomics EMEA, QIAGEN Aarhus, Prismet, Silkeborgvej 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Paul Reeves
- Arcis Biotechnology Limited, Suite S07, Techspace One, Sci-tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AB, UK
| | - Eunice Zhang
- Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jens Allmer
- Applied Bioinformatics, Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Norris
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Computational Biology Facility, MerseyBio, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Louise Y Takeshita
- Computational Biology Facility, MerseyBio, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Shiva Seyed Forootan
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Chris Goldring
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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11
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Butler AE, Cunningham TK, Ramachandran V, Diboun I, Halama A, Sathyapalan T, Najafi-Shoushtari SH, Atkin SL. Association of microRNAs With Embryo Development and Fertilization in Women Undergoing Subfertility Treatments: A Pilot Study. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3:719326. [PMID: 36303988 PMCID: PMC9580729 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.719326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Small non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), have emerging regulatory functions within the ovary that have been related to fertility. This study was undertaken to determine if circulating miRNAs reflect the changes associated with the parameters of embryo development and fertilization.Methods: In this cross-sectional pilot study. Plasma miRNAs were collected from 48 sequentially presenting women in the follicular phase prior to commencing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Circulating miRNAs were measured using locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based quantitative PCR (qPCR), while an updated miRNA data set was used to determine their level of expression.Results: Body mass index and weight were associated with the miRNAs let7b-3p and miR-375, respectively (p < 0.05), with the same relationship being found between endometrium thickness at oocyte retrieval and miR-885-5p and miR-34a-5p (p < 0.05). In contrast, miR-1260a was found to be inversely associated with anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH; p = 0.007), while miR-365a-3p, miR122-5p, and miR-34a-5p correlated with embryo fertilization rates (p < 0.05). However, when omitting cases of male infertility (n = 15), miR122-5p remained significant (p < 0.05), while miR-365a-3p and miR-34a-5p no longer differed; interestingly, however, miR1260a and mir93.3p became significant (p = 0.0087/0.02, respectively). Furthermore, age was negatively associated with miR-335-3p, miR-28-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-501-3p, and miR-497-5p (p < 0.05). Live birth rate was negatively associated with miR-335-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-497-5p, let-7d, and miR-574-3p (p < 0.05), but these were not significant when age was accounted for.However, with the exclusion of male factor infertility, all those miRNAs were no longer significant, though miR.150.5p emerged as significant (p = 0.042). A beta-regression model identified miR-1260a, miR-486-5p, and miR-132-3p (p < 0.03, p = 0.0003, p < 0.00001, respectively) as the most predictive for fertilization rate. Notably, changes in detectable miRNAs were not linked to cleavage rate, top quality embryos (G3D3), and blastocyst or antral follicle count. An ingenuity pathway analysis showed that miRNAs associated with age were also associated with the variables found in reproductive system diseases.Conclusion: Plasma miRNAs prior to the IVF cycle were associated with differing demographic and IVF parameters, including age, and may be predictive biomarkers of fertilization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Adliya, Bahrain
- *Correspondence: Alexandra E. Butler ;
| | - Thomas Keith Cunningham
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- The Hull IVF Unit. Women's and Children's Hospital, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Vimal Ramachandran
- Division of Research, MicroRNA Core Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ilhame Diboun
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Halama
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - S. Hani Najafi-Shoushtari
- Division of Research, MicroRNA Core Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Adliya, Bahrain
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12
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Identification of miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-99b-5p as Fibrosis-Specific Extracellular Biomarkers and Promoters of HSC Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189799. [PMID: 34575957 PMCID: PMC8464755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) resulting in the formation of fibrous scars. In the clinic, liver biopsies are the standard diagnostic method despite the potential for clinical complications. miRNAs are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that can be detected in tissues, body fluids and cultured cells. The regulation of many miRNAs has been linked to tissue damage, including liver fibrosis in patients, resulting in aberrant miRNA expression/release. Experimental evidence also suggests that miRNAs are regulated in a similar manner in vitro and could thus serve as translational in vitro–in vivo biomarkers. In this work, we set out to identify and characterize biomarkers for liver fibrosis that could be used in vitro and clinically for research and diagnostic purposes. We focused on miRNAs released from hepatic 3D cultures exposed to methotrexate (MTX), which causes fibrosis, and acetaminophen (APAP), an acute hepatotoxicant with no clinically relevant association to liver fibrosis. Using a 3D in vitro model, we corroborated compound-specific responses as we show MTX induced a fibrotic response, and APAP did not. Performing miRNA-seq of cell culture supernatants, we identified potential miRNA biomarkers (miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p, niRNA-125a-5p and miR-99b-5p) that were associated with a fibrotic phenotype and not with hepatocellular damage alone. Moreover, transfection of HSC with miR-199a-5p led to decreased expression of caveolin-1 and increased α-SMA expression, suggesting its role in HSC activation. In conclusion, we propose that extracellular miR-214-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-125a-5p and specifically miR-199a-5p could contribute towards a panel of miRNAs for identifying liver fibrosis and that miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-99b-5p are promoters of HSC activation.
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13
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Chorley BN, Atabakhsh E, Doran G, Gautier JC, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Jackson D, Sharapova T, Yuen PST, Church RJ, Couttet P, Froetschl R, McDuffie J, Martinez V, Pande P, Peel L, Rafferty C, Simutis FJ, Harrill AH. Methodological considerations for measuring biofluid-based microRNA biomarkers. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:264-282. [PMID: 34038674 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1907530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that regulate the expression of messenger RNA and are implicated in almost all cellular processes. Importantly, miRNAs can be released extracellularly and are stable in these matrices where they may serve as indicators of organ or cell-specific toxicity, disease, and biological status. There has thus been great enthusiasm for developing miRNAs as biomarkers of adverse outcomes for scientific, regulatory, and clinical purposes. Despite advances in measurement capabilities for miRNAs, miRNAs are still not routinely employed as noninvasive biomarkers. This is in part due to the lack of standard approaches for sample preparation and miRNA measurement and uncertainty in their biological interpretation. Members of the microRNA Biomarkers Workgroup within the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's (HESI) Committee on Emerging Systems Toxicology for the Assessment of Risk (eSTAR) are a consortium of private- and public-sector scientists dedicated to developing miRNAs as applied biomarkers. Here, we explore major impediments to routine acceptance and use of miRNA biomarkers and case examples of successes and deficiencies in development. Finally, we provide insight on miRNA measurement, collection, and analysis tools to provide solid footing for addressing knowledge gaps toward routine biomarker use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Chorley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Jackson
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter S T Yuen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel J Church
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Peel
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Alison H Harrill
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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14
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Riaz F, Chen Q, Lu K, Osoro EK, Wu L, Feng L, Zhao R, Yang L, Zhou Y, He Y, Zhu L, Du X, Sadiq M, Yang X, Li D. Inhibition of miR-188-5p alleviates hepatic fibrosis by significantly reducing the activation and proliferation of HSCs through PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4073-4087. [PMID: 33689215 PMCID: PMC8051718 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent hepatic damage and chronic inflammation in liver activate the quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and cause hepatic fibrosis (HF). Several microRNAs regulate the activation and proliferation of HSCs, thereby playing a critical role in HF progression. Previous studies have reported that miR‐188‐5p is dysregulated during the process of HF. However, the role of miR‐188‐5p in HF remains unclear. This study investigated the potential role of miR‐188‐5p in HSCs and HF. Firstly, we validated the miR‐188‐5p expression in primary cells isolated from liver of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced mice, TGF‐β1‐induced LX‐2 cells, livers from 6‐month high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced rat and 4‐month HFD‐induced mice NASH models, and human non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Furthermore, we used miR‐188‐5p inhibitors to investigate the therapeutic effects of miR‐188‐5p inhibition in the HFD + CCl4 induced in vivo model and the potential role of miR‐188‐5p in the activation and proliferation of HSCs. This present study reported that miR‐188‐5p expression is significantly increased in the human NAFLD, HSCs isolated from liver of CCl4 induced mice, and in vitro and in vivo models of HF. Mimicking the miR‐188‐5p resulted in the up‐regulation of HSC activation and proliferation by directly targeting the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Moreover, inhibition of miR‐188‐5p reduced the activation and proliferation markers of HSCs through PTEN/AKT pathway. Additionally, in vivo inhibition of miR‐188‐5p suppressed the HF parameters, pro‐fibrotic and pro‐inflammatory genes, and fibrosis. Collectively, our results uncover the pro‐fibrotic role of miR‐188‐5p. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR‐188‐5p inhibition decreases the severity of HF by reducing the activation and proliferation of HSCs through PTEN/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaikai Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ezra Kombo Osoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luyun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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15
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GERMANI G, BATTISTELLA S, ULINICI D, ZANETTO A, SHALABY S, PELLONE M, GAMBATO M, SENZOLO M, RUSSO FP, BURRA P. Drug induced liver injury: from pathogenesis to liver transplantation. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 67:50-64. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Abu-Halima M, Meese E, Saleh MA, Keller A, Abdul-Khaliq H, Raedle-Hurst T. MicroRNA-29b/c-3p Indicate Advanced Liver Fibrosis/Cirrhosis in Univentricular Heart Patients With and Without Fontan Palliation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:619083. [PMID: 33490119 PMCID: PMC7820747 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.619083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study aims to identify those microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with univentricular heart (UVH) disease with and without Fontan palliation that may be associated with advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: SurePrint™ 8 × 60K Human v21 miRNA arrays were used to determine the miRNA abundance profiles in the blood of 48 UVH patients with and without Fontan palliation and 32 matched healthy controls. The abundance levels of selected miRNAs have been validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: According to microarray analysis, 50 miRNAs were found to be significantly abundant in UVH patients of which miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p were significantly related to the model of end-stage liver disease (MELD)-Albumin and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score representing advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Relative expression levels of both miRNAs were significantly higher in patients with a higher collapsibility index representing venous hepatic congestion, a higher MELD-Albumin or ALBI score and incomplete or no Fontan palliation. In the logistic regression analysis, a MELD-Albumin score ≥ 11 or ALBI score > -2.6 were best predicted by total bilirubin (OR 6.630, P = 0.016), albumin (OR 0.424, P = 0.026), and miR-29c-3p (OR 33.060, P = 0.047). After adjustment to the status of Fontan palliation, however, no statistical significance of these parameters was found thus underlining the importance of palliation status on progression of liver fibrosis/ cirrhosis in UVH patients. Conclusions: In UVH patients with and without Fontan palliation, miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p seem to be markers of advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and thus may be used in the risk assessment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Abu-Halima
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Ali Saleh
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Hashim Abdul-Khaliq
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Raedle-Hurst
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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17
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Zhuo JY, Lu D, Lin ZY, Cen BN, Wei XY, Xie HY, Zheng SS, Xu X. CC motif chemokine ligand 16 inhibits the progression of liver cirrhosis via inactivating hepatic stellate cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:440-448. [PMID: 31948840 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis results from many forms of chronic damage, characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix. The present study aimed to explore a potential non-invasive biomarker and its mechanism in the progression of liver cirrhosis. METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE15654, n = 216) was analyzed to screen genes associated with progression of liver cirrhosis. A total of 181 plasma samples, including healthy control (HC, n = 20), chronic hepatitis B (CHB, n = 77) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC, n = 84), were enrolled for validation. In vitro and in vivo experiments were employed for the mechanistic investigation. RESULTS GEO dataset analysis showed that relatively low mRNA-expression of CC motif chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16) was associated with elevated Child-Pugh score (P = 0.034) and worse prognosis (P = 0.025). Plasma CCL16 level decreased in a stepwise pattern, with a median concentration of 10.29, 6.57 and 4.47 ng/mL in the HC, CHB and LC groups, respectively (P<0.001). Low plasma CCL16 was significantly related to hepatic dysfunction both in the CHB and LC groups (P<0.05). Combination of CCL16 and ALT showed improved distinguishing capability for LC compared to either alone. In vitro, CCL16 expression was downregulated by lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia. Overexpression of CCL16 from human normal liver cell line (LO2) reduced the extracellular matrix associated proteins (Col1 and Col4) in human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2). In vivo, the pathological feature of cirrhosis was alleviated by the hepatocyte-specific expression of CCL16. CONCLUSIONS CCL16 could be a feasible plasma marker to predict the occurrence and progression of liver cirrhosis. CCL16 might impact liver cirrhosis through inactivating hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zu-Yuan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bei-Ni Cen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xu-Yong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hai-Yang Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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18
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Marín-Romero A, Tabraue-Chávez M, Dear JW, Sánchez-Martín RM, Ilyine H, Guardia-Monteagudo JJ, Fara MA, López-Delgado FJ, Díaz-Mochón JJ, Pernagallo S. Amplification-free profiling of microRNA-122 biomarker in DILI patient serums, using the luminex MAGPIX system. Talanta 2020; 219:121265. [PMID: 32887156 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic chemical labelling is a single-base specific method to enable detection and quantification of micro-Ribonucleic Acids in biological fluids without extraction and pre-amplification. In this study, dynamic chemical labelling was combined with the Luminex MAGPIX system to profile levels of microRNA-122 biomarker in serum from patients with Drug-Induced Liver Injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marín-Romero
- DESTINA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, 18100, Spain; GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada - Avenida de la Ilustración, 114 - 18016, GRANADA, Spain; Universidad de Granada. Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Quimica Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Campus Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Mavys Tabraue-Chávez
- DESTINA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, 18100, Spain
| | - James W Dear
- Pharmacology,Therapeutics and Toxicology, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16, 4TJ, UK
| | - Rosario M Sánchez-Martín
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada - Avenida de la Ilustración, 114 - 18016, GRANADA, Spain; Universidad de Granada. Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Quimica Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Campus Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Hugh Ilyine
- DESTINA Genomics Ltd, 7-11 Melville St, Edinburgh, EH3 7PE, UK
| | - Juan J Guardia-Monteagudo
- DESTINA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, 18100, Spain
| | - Mario A Fara
- DESTINA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, 18100, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Delgado
- DESTINA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, 18100, Spain
| | - Juan J Díaz-Mochón
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada - Avenida de la Ilustración, 114 - 18016, GRANADA, Spain; Universidad de Granada. Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Quimica Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Campus Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Salvatore Pernagallo
- DESTINA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, 18100, Spain.
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19
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Carreiro S, Marvel-Coen J, Lee R, Chapman B, Ambros V. Circulating microRNA Profiles in Acetaminophen Toxicity. J Med Toxicol 2020; 16:177-187. [PMID: 31792846 PMCID: PMC7099119 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-019-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetaminophen toxicity has been associated with elevation of microRNAs. The present study was to evaluate overall microRNA profiles and previously identified microRNAs to differentiate acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity from other causes of transaminase elevation. METHODS This was an observational study of adults with presumed acetaminophen toxicity at presentation. Serum samples were collected every 12 hours during hospitalization. Total miRNAs were extracted from plasma and levels of 327 microRNAs were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. A standard measure of miRNA expression (delta-delta cycle threshold) was calculated for each microRNAs. A two-level cluster analysis was performed using a random k-means algorithm. Demographic and clinical characteristics of each cluster were compared using ANOVA, Wilcoxon rank sum, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests. Performance of specific miRNAs of interest was also evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-seven subjects were enrolled (21 with a final diagnosis of acetaminophen toxicity), and a total of 61 samples were analyzed. Five clusters were identified, two of which demonstrated clear clinical patterns and included specific elevated miRNAs previously reported to be elevated in APAP toxicity patients. Features associated with clusters 1 and 5 included confirmed acetaminophen toxicity, high peak alanine aminotransferase, and late presentation. Clusters 2-4 contained lower peak microRNAs, lower peak alanine aminotransferase, and heterogeneous clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Severe cases of acetaminophen toxicity showed two distinct patterns of microRNA elevation which were similar to previous work, while less severe cases were difficult to distinguish from non-acetaminophen-associated cases. Further work is needed to incorporate microRNA profiles into the diagnostic algorithm of acetaminophen toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Carreiro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - James Marvel-Coen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind Lee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Brittany Chapman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Victor Ambros
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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20
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Krauskopf J, Gosink MM, Schomaker S, Caiment F, Warner R, Johnson K, Kleinjans J, Aubrecht J. The MicroRNA-based Liquid Biopsy Improves Early Assessment of Lethal Acetaminophen Poisoning: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e919289. [PMID: 32086430 PMCID: PMC7049075 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.919289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure. Nevertheless, new biomarker approaches enabling early prediction of the outcome of the acetaminophen overdose are needed. Recently, using next-generation sequencing analysis of serum from human study participants we uncovered injury-specific signatures of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that represented underlying molecular mechanisms of toxicity. This case study is first to show the application of miRNA profiling to assess prognosis of acetaminophen poisoning. CASE REPORT The patient was admitted to the hospital following supra therapeutic acetaminophen ingestion. The patient showed elevated levels of biomarkers of hepatocellular injury alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Even though treatment with N-acetyl cysteine was initiated 24 hours post-ingestion, levels of alanine-aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase peaked at about 40 hours post ingestion of acetaminophen. We analyzed global circulating miRNA levels from 24 consecutive serum samples from this study participant covering the period from admission to time of death. CONCLUSIONS The resulting global miRNA profiles were compared with profiles from study participants with non-lethal acetaminophen poisoning and healthy controls. At the admission, the miRNA profiles of both lethal and non-lethal acetaminophen poisoning showed induction of cellular stress and oxidative damage. Later, the miRNA profiles of the lethal poisoning featured fibrosis and coagulation pathways while profiles of non-lethal cases resembled those of healthy study participants. Although additional confirmatory studies are needed, our case study is first to indicate that global miRNA profiles to be used as liquid biopsies have potential to facilitate the assessment of acetaminophen poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark M. Gosink
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Shelli Schomaker
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, U.S.A
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roscoe Warner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Kent Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jiri Aubrecht
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, U.S.A
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21
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López-Longarela B, Morrison EE, Tranter JD, Chahman-Vos L, Léonard JF, Gautier JC, Laurent S, Lartigau A, Boitier E, Sautier L, Carmona-Saez P, Martorell-Marugan J, Mellanby RJ, Pernagallo S, Ilyine H, Rissin DM, Duffy DC, Dear JW, Díaz-Mochón JJ. Direct Detection of miR-122 in Hepatotoxicity Using Dynamic Chemical Labeling Overcomes Stability and isomiR Challenges. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3388-3395. [PMID: 31939284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs are biomarkers reported to be stable and translational across species. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is a hepatocyte-specific microRNA biomarker for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). We developed a single molecule, dynamic chemical labeling (DCL) assay to directly detect miR-122 in blood. The DCL assay specifically measured miR-122 directly from 10 μL of serum or plasma without any extraction steps, with a limit of detection of 1.32 pM that enabled the identification of DILI. Testing of 192 human serum samples showed that DCL accurately identified patients at risk of DILI after acetaminophen overdose (area under ROC curve 0.98 (95% CI; 0.96-1), P < 0.0001). The DCL assay also identified liver injury in rats and dogs. The use of specific captured beads had the additional benefit of stabilizing miR-122 after sample collection, with no signal loss after 14 days at room temperature, in contrast to PCR that showed significant loss of signal. RNA sequencing demonstrated the presence of multiple miR-122 isomiRs in the serum of patients with DILI that were at low concentration or not present in healthy individuals. Sample degradation over time produced more isomiRs, particularly rapidly with DILI. PCR was inaccurate when analyzing miR-122 isomiRs, whereas the DCL assay demonstrated accurate quantification. We conclude that the DCL assay can accurately measure miR-122 to diagnose liver injury in humans and other species and can overcome microRNA stability and isomiR challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara López-Longarela
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd. , 7-11 Melville Street , Edinburgh , U.K.,DestiNA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS) , Avenida de la Innovación 1 , Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada , Spain
| | - Emma E Morrison
- Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute , 47 Little France Crescent , Edinburgh , EH16 4TJ , U.K
| | - John D Tranter
- Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute , 47 Little France Crescent , Edinburgh , EH16 4TJ , U.K
| | - Lianne Chahman-Vos
- Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute , 47 Little France Crescent , Edinburgh , EH16 4TJ , U.K
| | | | | | | | - Aude Lartigau
- Sanofi R&D , 13 Quai Jules Guesde , 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine , France
| | - Eric Boitier
- Sanofi R&D , 13 Quai Jules Guesde , 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine , France
| | - Lucile Sautier
- Sanofi R&D , 371 Rue du Pr. J. Blayac , 34184 Montpellier , France
| | - Pedro Carmona-Saez
- Bioinformatics Unit , Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS , Granada , Spain
| | - Jordi Martorell-Marugan
- Bioinformatics Unit , Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS , Granada , Spain
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The Hospital for Small Animals , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , U.K
| | - Salvatore Pernagallo
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd. , 7-11 Melville Street , Edinburgh , U.K.,DestiNA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS) , Avenida de la Innovación 1 , Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada , Spain
| | - Hugh Ilyine
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd. , 7-11 Melville Street , Edinburgh , U.K.,DestiNA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS) , Avenida de la Innovación 1 , Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada , Spain
| | - David M Rissin
- Quanterix Corporation , 900 Middlesex Turnpike , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - David C Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation , 900 Middlesex Turnpike , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - James W Dear
- Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute , 47 Little France Crescent , Edinburgh , EH16 4TJ , U.K
| | - Juan J Díaz-Mochón
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd. , 7-11 Melville Street , Edinburgh , U.K.,DestiNA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS) , Avenida de la Innovación 1 , Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada , Spain.,Bioinformatics Unit , Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS , Granada , Spain
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22
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Butler AE, Ramachandran V, Cunningham TK, David R, Gooderham NJ, Benurwar M, Dargham SR, Hayat S, Sathyapalan T, Najafi-Shoushtari SH, Atkin SL. Increased MicroRNA Levels in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome but Without Insulin Resistance: A Pilot Prospective Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:571357. [PMID: 33101204 PMCID: PMC7556216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.571357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small noncoding microRNA (miRNA) have regulatory functions in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that differ to those in women without PCOS. However, little is known about miRNA expression in women with PCOS who are not insulin resistant (IR). METHODS Circulating miRNAs were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 24 non-obese BMI and age matched women with PCOS and 24 control women. A miRNA data set was used to determine miRNA levels. RESULTS Women with PCOS showed a higher free androgen index (FAI) and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) but IR did not differ. Four miRNAs (miR-1260a, miR-18b-5p, miR-424-5p, and miR let-7b-3p) differed between control and PCOS women that passed the false discovery rate (FDR) out of a total of 177 circulating miRNAs that were detected. MiRNA let-7b-3p correlated with AMH in PCOS (p < 0.05). When the groups were combined, miR-1260a correlated with FAI and let-7b-3p correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). There was no correlation to androgen levels. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that nine of the top 10 miRNAs reported were associated with inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSION When IR did not differ between PCOS and control women, only four miRNA differed significantly suggesting that IR may be a driver for many of the miRNA changes reported. Let-7b-3p was related to AMH in PCOS, and to BMI as a group, whilst miR-1260a correlated with FAI. Androgen levels, however, had no effect upon circulating miRNA profiles. The expressed miRNAs were associated with the inflammatory pathway involving TNF and IL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Butler
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Alexandra E. Butler, ;
| | - Vimal Ramachandran
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thomas Keith Cunningham
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon David
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J. Gooderham
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manasi Benurwar
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soha R. Dargham
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahina Hayat
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - S Hani Najafi-Shoushtari
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Postgraduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Al Muharraq, Bahrain
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23
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McCullough S, Dweep H, McGill MR, Bhattacharyya S, James L, Frankowski S, Woodall A, Kearns G, Gill P. Granzyme B and miR-378a Interaction in Acetaminophen Toxicity in Children. Microrna 2020; 9:121-132. [PMID: 31393259 PMCID: PMC10507677 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666190808144456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatic phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 catalyze the biotransformation of Acetaminophen (APAP) and are important in the mediation of toxicity. The potential role of other hepatic and non-hepatic Phase I enzymes in APAP toxicity has not been established. METHODS PCR array containing 84 genes involved in phase I drug metabolism was examined in subgroups of hospitalized children for APAP overdose, categorized as no toxicity (ALT ≤ 45 IU/L, n=5) and moderate toxicity (ALT ≥ 500 IU/L, n=5). RESULTS Significant downregulation was observed for ALDH6A1, CYP4F12 and GZMB in the no toxicity subgroup and ALDH1A1, CYP27A1 and GZMB in the moderate toxicity subgroup. qRTPCR confirmed significant downregulation for ALDH1A1, CYP4F12, and GZMB. In-silico analysis identified GZMB 3'UTR to be a target of miR-378a-5p. Overexpression of miR-378a-5p reduced the luciferase activity of GZMB 3'UTR reporter plasmid reportedly by 50%. NK-92 cells transfected with the miR-378a-5p mimic extended the effect of APAP on GZMB protein expression compared to mimic controls. In addition, miR-378a-5p was significantly upregulated in blood samples of children with APAP overdose undergoing NAC treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, our study suggests the presence of a novel signaling pathway, whereby miR- 378a-5p inhibits GZMB expression in children with APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra McCullough
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Harsh Dweep
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell R. McGill
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Laura James
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Sara Frankowski
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Aaron Woodall
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Gregory Kearns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Pritmohinder Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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24
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Bohler S, Liu X, Krauskopf J, Caiment F, Aubrecht J, Nicolaes GAF, Kleinjans JCS, Briedé JJ. Acetaminophen Overdose as a Potential Risk Factor for Parkinson's Disease. Clin Transl Sci 2019; 12:609-616. [PMID: 31305025 PMCID: PMC6853143 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four complementary approaches were used to investigate acetaminophen overdose as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) serum profiles from acetaminophen-overdosed patients were compared with patients with terminal PD, revealing four shared miRNAs. Similarities were found among molecular structures of dopamine (DA), acetaminophen, and two known PD inducers indicating affinity for dopaminergic transport. Potential interactions between acetaminophen and the human DA transporter were confirmed by molecular docking modeling and binding free energy calculations. Thus, it is plausible that acetaminophen is taken up by the dopaminergic transport system into the substantia nigra (SN). A ChEMBL query identified proteins that are similarly targeted by DA and acetaminophen. Here, we highlight CYP3A4, present in the SN, a predominant metabolizer of acetaminophen into its toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine and shown to be regulated in PD. Overall, based on our results, we hypothesize that overdosing of acetaminophen is a potential risk factor for parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Bohler
- Department of ToxicogenomicsMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Department of BiochemistryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Julian Krauskopf
- Department of ToxicogenomicsMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of ToxicogenomicsMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jacco J. Briedé
- Department of ToxicogenomicsMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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25
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Gloor Y, Schvartz D, F Samer C. Old problem, new solutions: biomarker discovery for acetaminophen liver toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:659-669. [PMID: 31293190 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1642323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Although the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen is a well-known problem, the search for reliable biomarker of toxicity is still a current issue as clinical tools are missing to assess patients intoxicated following chronic use, sequential ingestion, use of modified release formulations or in case of delayed arrival to hospital. The need for new specific and robust biomarkers for acetaminophen toxicity has prompted many studies exploring the use of blood levels of acetaminophen derivatives, mitochondrial damage markers, liver cell apoptosis and/or necrosis markers and circulating microRNAs. Areas covered: In this review, we present a concise overview of the most promising biomarkers currently under evaluation including descriptions of their properties with respect to exposure type, APAP specificity, and potential clinical application. In addition, we illustrate the power of new technologies for biomarker research and describe their current application to the field of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Expert opinion: Recently the use of extracellular vesicles isolation in combination with omics techniques has opened a new perspective to the field of biomarker research. However, the potential of those new technologies for the prediction and monitoring of hepatic diseases and acetaminophen toxicity has not yet been fully taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gloor
- a Division of clinical pharmacology and toxicology, Geneva University Hospital , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Laboratory of clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Domitille Schvartz
- c Department of internal medicine specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Caroline F Samer
- a Division of clinical pharmacology and toxicology, Geneva University Hospital , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Laboratory of clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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26
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Abstract
Idiosyncratic (unpredictable) drug-induced liver injury is one of the most challenging liver disorders faced by hepatologists, because of the myriad of drugs used in clinical practice, available herbs and dietary supplements with hepatotoxic potential, the ability of the condition to present with a variety of clinical and pathological phenotypes and the current absence of specific biomarkers. This makes the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury an uncertain process, requiring a high degree of awareness of the condition and the careful exclusion of alternative aetiologies of liver disease. Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity can be severe, leading to a particularly serious variety of acute liver failure for which no effective therapy has yet been developed. These Clinical Practice Guidelines summarize the available evidence on risk factors, diagnosis, management and risk minimization strategies for drug-induced liver jury.
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27
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Besheer T, Elalfy H, Abd El-Maksoud M, Abd El-Razek A, Taman S, Zalata K, Elkashef W, Zaghloul H, Elshahawy H, Raafat D, Elemshaty W, Elsayed E, El-Gilany AH, El-Bendary M. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and micro-RNA in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1366-1377. [PMID: 30918429 PMCID: PMC6429339 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i11.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has shown promise in the detection and quantification of hepatic fibrosis. In addition, the liver has numerous endogenous micro-RNAs (miRs) that play important roles in the regulation of biological processes such as cell proliferation and hepatic fibrosis.
AIM To assess diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and miRs in diagnosing and staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
METHODS This prospective study included 208 patients and 82 age- and sex-matched controls who underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen, miR profiling, and liver biopsy. Pathological scoring was classified according to the METAVIR scoring system. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and miR were calculated and correlated with pathological scoring.
RESULTS The ADC value decreased significantly with the progression of fibrosis, from controls (F0) to patients with early fibrosis (F1 and F2) to those with late fibrosis (F3 and F4) (median 1.92, 1.53, and 1.25 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively) (P = 0.001). The cut-off ADC value used to differentiate patients from controls was 1.83 × 10-3 mm2/s with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.992. Combining ADC and miR-200b revealed the highest AUC (0.995) for differentiating patients from controls with an accuracy of 96.9%. The cut-off ADC used to differentiate early fibrosis from late fibrosis was 1.54 × 10-3 mm2/s with an AUC of 0.866. The combination of ADC and miR-200b revealed the best AUC (0.925) for differentiating early fibrosis from late fibrosis with an accuracy of 80.2%. The ADC correlated with miR-200b (r = - 0.61, P = 0.001), miR-21 (r = - 0.62, P = 0.001), and miR-29 (r = 0.52, P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION Combining ADC and miRs offers an alternative surrogate non-invasive diagnostic tool for diagnosing and staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Besheer
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Hatem Elalfy
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Maksoud
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Razek
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Saher Taman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Khaled Zalata
- Department of Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Wagdy Elkashef
- Department of Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Hossam Zaghloul
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Heba Elshahawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Doaa Raafat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Elemshaty
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Eman Elsayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Bendary
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
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Liu Y, Li P, Liu L, Zhang Y. The diagnostic role of miR-122 in drug-induced liver injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13478. [PMID: 30544438 PMCID: PMC6310488 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a potentially severe adverse drug reaction especially in susceptible patients. But there are no sensitive or specific parameters to detecting DILI. The specific expression of miR-122 in the liver has been a hotspot in the evaluation of hepatic toxicity due to its high stability and sensitivity. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review through July 31, 2017 to identify studies which evolved DILI patients testing miR-122 without limiting a certain drug. According to the PRISMA statement, a meta-analysis: the diagnostic role of miR-122 in DILI was made. QUADAS-2 quality evaluation table was used to evaluate the quality of the documentary evidence, PRISMA flowchart and quality evaluation table were drawn with RevMan, use Stata to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of miR-122 in diagnosing DILI, ROC curve and Deeks funnel plot were also drawn by STATA. RESULTS Eleven studies involved 194 DILI patients and 251 controls, all were tested miR-122 (fold change). Sensitivity of miR-122 in diagnosing DILI was [0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.91), I = 53.46%] and specificity was [0.93 (95% CI, 0.86-0.97), I = 65.10%], the area under ROC curve was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.97). While in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury, the sensitivity was [0.82 (95%CI, 0.67-0.91), I = 65.77%] specificity was [0.96 (95%CI, 0.88-0.99), I = 31.46%], AUROC was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98). CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found miR-122 have a high specificity in DILI, and a modest positive diagnostic effects. On the basis of the limited evidence, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term observation and more clinical data to testify miR-122 in diagnosing DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Liu
- School of Graduates, Tianjin Medical University
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital
- Tianjin Research Institute of Liver Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Graduates, Tianjin Medical University
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital
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Barnhill MS, Real M, Lewis JH. Latest advances in diagnosing and predicting DILI: what was new in 2017? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:1033-1043. [PMID: 30111182 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1512854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains an increasingly recognized cause of hepatotoxicity and liver failure worldwide. In 2017, we continued to learn about predicting, diagnosing, and prognosticating drug hepatotoxicity. Areas covered: In this review, we selected from over 1200 articles from 2017 to synopsize updates in DILI. There were new HLA haplotypes associated with medications including HLA-C0401 and HLA-B*14. There has been continued work with quantitative systems pharmacology, particularly with the DILIsym® initiative, which employs mathematical representations of DILI mechanisms to predict hepatotoxicity in simulated populations. Additionally, knowledge regarding microRNAs (miRNAs) continues to expand. Some new miRNAs this past year include miRNA-223 and miRNA-605. Aside from miRNAs, other biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and even prediction of DILI were explored. Studies on K18, OPN, and MCSFR have correlated DILI and liver-associated death within 6 months. Conversely, a new prognostic panel using apolipoportein-A1 and haptoglobin has been proposed to predict recovery. Further study of CDH5 has also provided researchers a possible new biomarker for prediction and susceptibility to DILI. Expert commentary: Although research on DILI remains quite promising, there is yet to be a reliable, simple method to predict, diagnose, and risk assess this form of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele S Barnhill
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Medstar Georgetown University Hospital , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Mark Real
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Medstar Georgetown University Hospital , Washington , DC , USA
| | - James H Lewis
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Medstar Georgetown University Hospital , Washington , DC , USA
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30
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Hwang SR, Tham NTT, Lee SH, Bang JH, Yi H, Park YI, Lee HK, Kang HG, Kim YS, Woo GH, Ku HO. Comparison of microRNA expressions for the identification of chemical hazards in in vivo and in vitro hepatic injury models. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:333-342. [PMID: 30264499 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biofluid-based biomarkers provide an efficient tool for hazard identification of chemicals. Here, we explored the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for hepatotoxicity of chemicals by linking in vitro to in vivo animal models. A search of the literature identified candidate circulating miRNA biomarkers of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. The expression of candidate miRNAs (miR-122, miR-151a, miR-192, miR-193a, miR-194, miR-21, miR-29c), was determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in in vivo acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen, and then were further compared with those of in vitro cell assays. Candidate miRNAs, except miR-29c, were significantly or biologically upregulated by acetaminophen, at a dose that caused acute liver injury as confirmed by hepatocellular necrosis. Except miR-122 and miR-193a, other miRNAs elevated in in vivo models were confirmed by in vitro models using HepG2 cells, whereas they failed by in vitro models using human primary hepatocytes. These findings indicate that certain miRNAs may still have the potential of toxicological biomarkers in linking in vitro to in vivo hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ryeon Hwang
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Nga Thi Thu Tham
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Lee
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Bang
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yi
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Park
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Lee
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Goo Kang
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sang Kim
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Hyeong Woo
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Ku
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
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García-Cortés M, Ortega-Alonso A, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ. Drug-induced liver injury: a safety review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:795-804. [PMID: 30059261 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1505861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains one of the most important causes of drug attrition both in the early phases of clinical drug development and in the postmarketing scenario. This is because, in spite of emerging data on genetic susceptibility variants associated to the risk of hepatotoxicity, the precise identification of the individual who will develop DILI when exposed to a given drug remains elusive. AREAS COVERED In this review, we have addressed recent progress made and initiatives taken in the field of DILI from a safety perspective through a comprehensive search of the literature. EXPERT OPINION Despite the substantial progress made over this century, new approaches using big data analysis to characterize the true incidence of DILI are needed and to categorize the drugs' hepatotoxic potential. Genetic studies have highlighted the role of the adaptive immune system yet the mechanisms leading adaptation versus progression remain to be elucidated. There is a compelling need for development and qualification of sensitive, specific, and affordable biomarkers in DILI to foster drug development, patient treatment stratification and, improvement of causality assessment methods. Gaining mechanistic insights in DILI is essential to uncover therapeutic targets and design prospective clinical trials with appropriate endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren García-Cortés
- a Instituto de Investigación Biomédica-IBIMA , Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBERehd , Málaga , Spain
| | - Aida Ortega-Alonso
- a Instituto de Investigación Biomédica-IBIMA , Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBERehd , Málaga , Spain
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBERehd , Málaga , Spain.,c Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria , Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - Raúl J Andrade
- a Instituto de Investigación Biomédica-IBIMA , Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBERehd , Málaga , Spain
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Krauskopf J, Caiment F, van Veldhoven K, Chadeau-Hyam M, Sinharay R, Chung KF, Cullinan P, Collins P, Barratt B, Kelly FJ, Vermeulen R, Vineis P, de Kok TM, Kleinjans JC. The human circulating miRNome reflects multiple organ disease risks in association with short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 113:26-34. [PMID: 29421404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution is a complex mixture of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). PM exposure contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases including several types of cancer, as well as pulmonary, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Also exposure to NO2 has been related to increased cardiovascular mortality. In search of an early diagnostic biomarker for improved air pollution-associated health risk assessment, recent human studies have shown that certain circulating miRNAs are altered upon exposure to traffic-related air pollutants. Here, we present for the first time a global analysis of the circulating miRNA genome in an experimental cross-over study of a human population exposed to traffic-related air pollution. By utilizing next-generation sequencing technology and detailed real-time exposure measurements we identified 54 circulating miRNAs to be dose- and pollutant species-dependently associated with PM10, PM2.5, black carbon, ultrafine particles and NO2 already after 2 h of exposure. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that these circulating miRNAs actually reflect the adverse consequences of traffic pollution-induced toxicity in target tissues including the lung, heart, kidney and brain. This study shows the strong potential of circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for environmental health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van Veldhoven
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rudy Sinharay
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Paul Cullinan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Peter Collins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Benjamin Barratt
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Analytical & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Frank J Kelly
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Analytical & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Novel tissue injury biomarkers have recently been identified that outperform or add value to the conventional safety biomarkers. These novel biomarkers have enhanced sensitivity and/or specificity in monitoring drug-induced tissue injury in a variety of tissues, included liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle. Among these novel biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) are one type in particular that have received much attention in recent years. These microRNAs are short, endogenous noncoding nucleic acids that are involved in modulation and regulation of mRNA transcripts. Other attributes of miRNAs are that they exist in tissues at high abundance, and individual miRNAs can be highly tissue-specific. These miRNAs can be readily assayed in blood, urine, or cerebral spinal fluid, making them attractive as accessible biomarkers of tissue injury. Further, the miRNA processing involves embedding the miRNA within a protein complex, making them stable in plasma upon leakage from injured tissues. This review article will highlight the discovery of tissue-specific miRNAs and their evolution as novel toxicity biomarkers in recent years.
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34
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Guo L, Li W, Hu L, Zhou H, Zheng L, Yu L, Liang W. Diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs for liver cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:5397-5405. [PMID: 29435187 PMCID: PMC5797058 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs are potential biomarkers for various diseases including liver cirrhosis. We designed a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs for liver cirrhosis patients. Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to July 1, 2017. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve were analyzed using a random or fixed effects models based on the between-study heterogeneities. Thirteen studies from 7 articles with 627 patients and 418 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. All studies had high quality assessment scores. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUROC were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80-0.86), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.92), 6.41 (95% CI: 3.93-10.44), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.14-0.33), 35.18 (95% CI: 15.90-77.81) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95), respectively. In conclusion, circulating microRNAs may serve as potential noninvasive biomarkers of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
| | - Weiyan Li
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Research, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Institute of Cancer Research, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifei Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
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35
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Howell LS, Ireland L, Park BK, Goldring CE. MiR-122 and other microRNAs as potential circulating biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 18:47-54. [PMID: 29235390 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1415145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a severe adverse drug reaction which is of major concern to patients, clinicians and the pharmaceutical industry. Accurate and rapid detection of DILI is important for patient stratification and treatment in the clinic and benefits preclinical drug design and risk assessment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) offer a potential new and improved class of circulating biomarkers of DILI over the current gold standard biomarkers. Areas covered: This review highlights the shortcomings of the currently used panel of biomarkers and how miRNAs, primarily miR-122, show an improved level of specificity and sensitivity in the prediction of DILI. Furthermore, the use of miRNAs as potential markers of progression of DILI and specific zonated damage within the liver is discussed. Expert commentary: MiRNAs offer more sensitive and specific markers over the current biomarkers for DILI. Combinations of different miRNAs may be able to relay the location of DILI and the progression of disease. More studies using different hepatotoxins apart from acetaminophen will ultimately strengthen the case for the clinical introduction of miRNAs as biomarkers of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Howell
- a MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Lucy Ireland
- b Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- a MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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Abstract
The development of better diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive biomarkers holds an enormous potential to improve the ability to diagnose and individualize treatment of a great number of human diseases and substantially reduce health care cost. The discovery of a fundamental role of microRNAs in the disease pathogenesis and their presence and stability in biological fluids has led to extensive investigation of the role of microRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The result of this research has suggested that alterations of microRNAs may be sensitive indicators of various pathologies; however, despite the indisputable progress in this field, the diagnostic promise of microRNAs has remained a work in progress, and circulating microRNAs have not entered the field of clinical medicine yet. Commonly reported microRNAs as disease biomarkers are largely not disease-specific and the results are often contradicting in independent studies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of microRNAs as disease indicators and emphasizes the current gaps, challenges, and questions that need to be addressed in future well-designed and well-controlled studies for a successful translation of microRNA profiling into clinically meaningful tests. Impact statement This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of circulating miRNAs as clinical diagnostic biomarkers and highlights the challenges that need to be addressed in future studies for a successful translation of circulating miRNAs into a novel diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, 4136 National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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37
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Rissin DM, López-Longarela B, Pernagallo S, Ilyine H, Vliegenthart ADB, Dear JW, Díaz-Mochón JJ, Duffy DC. Polymerase-free measurement of microRNA-122 with single base specificity using single molecule arrays: Detection of drug-induced liver injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179669. [PMID: 28678845 PMCID: PMC5497960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a single probe method for detecting microRNA from human serum using single molecule arrays, with sequence specificity down to a single base, and without the use of amplification by polymerases. An abasic peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe-containing a reactive amine instead of a nucleotide at a specific position in the sequence-for detecting a microRNA was conjugated to superparamagnetic beads. These beads were incubated with a sample containing microRNA, a biotinylated reactive nucleobase-containing an aldehyde group-that was complementary to the missing base in the probe sequence, and a reducing agent. When a target molecule with an exact match in sequence hybridized to the capture probe, the reactive nucleobase was covalently attached to the backbone of the probe by a dynamic covalent chemical reaction. Single molecules of the biotin-labeled probe were then labeled with streptavidin-β-galactosidase (SβG), the beads were resuspended in a fluorogenic enzyme substrate, loaded into an array of femtoliter wells, and sealed with oil. The array was imaged fluorescently to determine which beads were associated with single enzymes, and the average number of enzymes per bead was determined. The assay had a limit of detection of 500 fM, approximately 500 times more sensitive than a corresponding analog bead-based assay, with target specificity down to a single base mis-match. This assay was used to measure microRNA-122 (miR-122)-an established biomarker of liver toxicity-extracted from the serum of patients who had acute liver injury due to acetaminophen, and control healthy patients. All patients with liver injury had higher levels of miR-122 in their serum compared to controls, and the concentrations measured correlated well with those determined using RT-qPCR. This approach allows rapid quantification of circulating microRNA with single-based specificity and a limit of quantification suitable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Rissin
- Quanterix Corporation, Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara López-Longarela
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom; DestiNA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvatore Pernagallo
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom; DestiNA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Hugh Ilyine
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom; DestiNA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - A. D. Bastiaan Vliegenthart
- Edinburgh University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James W. Dear
- Edinburgh University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juan J. Díaz-Mochón
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom; DestiNA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: (DCD.); (JJD-M)
| | - David C. Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation, Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DCD.); (JJD-M)
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